Category: Writing

1. What activities committed during World War II
triggered the need for the Nuremberg Trials?
A. atrocities committed for the sake of research
B. abuses committed on military prisoners in
Japan
C. atrocities committed in the labor camps in
Germany
D. the need to establish guidelines for researchers
2. Which publication revealed the various types
of experiments on biological warfare in Japan
during World War II?
A. the Tuskegee Study
B. The Truth about Unit 731
C. the Nuremberg Code
D. the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Ethical Issues in Nursing Research 55
3. Which popularly named principles for research
subjects evolved from the Belmont Report?
A. to promote informed consent, risk assessments, and
voluntary consent
B. conflict of interest, to avoid injury, and to
promote benefit
C. the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
D. respect for persons, beneficence, and justice
4. Who must abide by the U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services federal policies
(Code of Federal Regulations 45 Part 46) for
conducting ethical research?
A. any researcher who receives scholarship
money
B. any institution that receives federal money
for research
C. researchers who study vulnerable human
subjects
D. the Office of Human Research and Protections
5. According to federal policy, what characteristics of a
research proposal need IRB review?
A. a systematic investigation with an intervention on an
object that provides generalizable
knowledge
B. an investigation with a research protocol that
may change to provide safe care for patients
C. a systematic investigation with an intervention with
identifiable information from
a human subject that will contribute to generalizable
knowledge
D. an investigation with a protocol that rests
on best practice from unit to unit with a
focus on outcomes that are collected by the
electronic health record
6. When compared to a research study, quality
improvement project findings would more
likely be focused on
A. outcomes within a specific clinical setting.
B. new knowledge that can be translated to
other populations of patients.
C. each of the human subjects and their families’ concerns.
D. curing a patient with a complex situation.
7. Which type of IRB review would be appropriate
for research that focuses on a newborn patient?
A. exempt review
B. expedited review
C. full review
D. regular review
8. Which is a required element of informed consent for a
research subject?
A. a statement that provides a description of
the corporate rewards associated with the
study
B. a statement that provides a clear understanding of all of
the rationales for the study
C. a promise of the expected results from the
research intervention
D. a statement that describes how their information will be
kept confidential
9. A questionnaire is being used to gather data
from the participants of the study. Identification numbers
on the corner of the questionnaires correspond to the researcher’s master
list of names and numbers. Respondents
are assured that this information will not be
shared with anyone. The researcher is trying
to ensure
A. confidentiality
B. informed consent
C. anonymity
D. data security
10. Which of the following is least likely to be provided
for subjects?
A. informed consent
B. anonymity
C. confidentiality
D. privacy
11. What is the name of the process used to obtain
a child’s agreement for participation in a study?
A. assent
B. consent of a minor
C. minor agreement
D. informed consent
12. A friend has agreed to participate in a research
study. She thinks she should automatically
be sent a copy of the study results. You tell her:
A. The researcher should automatically send a
copy of the study results to all participants.
B. Federal regulations require researchers
to send a copy of the study results to all
participants.
C. Study participants should be provided with
the researcher’s contact information if a copy
of the study results is desired.
D. A copy of the study abstract should be
mailed to all participants within 6 weeks of
completion of the study.
13. What principle should guide nurses who are
involved in research in the practice setting?
A. Assure human rights of participants throughout the
research study.
B. Continue to encourage participation in the
study.
C. Document any adverse events during the
study.
D. Make certain that IRB has approved of the
study.
14. The researcher added answers to the places
where there is missing data on the research
subject’s questionnaire. Which term best describes this type
of research misconduct?
A. plagiarism
B. data fabrication
C. data falsification
D. ghostwriting
15. There are suspicions of research misconduct in
a study that is being carried out in a nurse’s
clinical setting. What agency is responsible for
investigating this type of activity?
A. the federal agency for the HIPPA Privacy
Rule
B. the American Nurses Association
C. the Nursing and Midwifery Council
D. the Office of Research Integrity
16. Which situation could place a nurse researcher
at risk of research misconduct?
A. when a nurse is funded by the manufacturer to test a
device for healthcare
B. when a nurse waits for authorization from
the patient to use his health data
C. when the researcher invites a colleague with
mutual responsibility for the study to be a coauthor of the
written report.
D. when the researcher discloses a financial relationship
with an industrial manufacturer
17. What situation is an example of nurse advocating for the
research participant?
A. The nurse reports the noncompliant behaviors of the
participant.
B. The nurse tells the participant how others
have had problems with the study.
C. The nurse takes extra time to explain more
about the details of the study.
D. The nurse treats the subject as a personal
friend.
18. How would a nurse who is not on the research
team advocate for a research participant in the
clinical setting?
A. Make the care of the patient be a priority
over the research intervention.
B. Be prepared to evaluate the patient for any
adverse effects of the research intervention.
C. Take responsibility of witnessing the informed consent.
D. Offer to collect data if the research team
member is absent.

Circle the letter before the best answer.
1. What person or organization is generally credited with
starting the movement toward evidencebased practice?
A. Archie Cochrane
B. David Sackett
C. Cochrane Collaboration
D. Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research
2. Identify the professional role of the person who
introduced the concept of using evidence as a
basis for practice decisions.
A. an American Nurse
B. a British epidemiologist
C. one of the earliest male nurses
D. an Australian who started the Cochrane
Library
3. Which type of evidence is considered the gold
standard for practice decisions?
A. survey evidence from patients following
discharge from the hospital
B. responses from a patient during his or her
history and physical assessment
C. evidence from randomized clinical trial
research studies
D. evidence from the clinician’s clinical experiences
4. Identify which concept within Sigma Theta Tau
International’s definition of EBP, seems most
sensitive to the nurses’ role as patient advocate.
A. the patient’s values
B. the best available evidence
C. a conscientious use of the best evidence
D. cost-effectiveness
5. Complete the statement that best describes
an evidence-based practice (EBP). An EBP is
based on evidence
A. and changes to practice over time.
B. from multiple studies that agree with the
clinician’s expert opinion.
C. from combinations of research studies and
the patient’s needs and desires.
D. from a synthesis of studies and expert decisions that
consider the patient’s circumstances and values.
6. What is the overall goal of an evidence-based
practice for nurses?
A. to improve patient outcomes with traditional nursing
knowledge
B. to improve the effectiveness of processes
and patient outcomes with the introduction of current
knowledge into common
care decisions
C. to explore how nursing expertise supports
the best healthcare for patients
D. to introduce the knowledge gained from
patient surveys into clinical decision making
7. Identify which two entities recognize EBP in
nursing as the best treatment plans for patient
care.
A. Cochrane Library and the National Guideline Clearinghouse
B. David Sackett and Florence Nightingale
C. Joint Commission and the American Nurses
Credentialing Center
D. AHRQ and the National Quality Strategy
8. Select the outcome for the following PICOT
statement. Among patients with migraine headaches in the
emergency room, how does the administration of an opioid medication compared
with the administration of music therapy affect
patient satisfaction at the time of discharge?
A. patients with migraine headaches
B. administration of opioid medication
C. administration of music therapy
D. patient satisfaction
9. Select two websites that would provide examples of
translational research.
A. CINAHL and primary research studies
B. National Guideline Clearinghouse and the
Best Practice Information sheets of the JBI
C. PubMed and the Cochrane Library
D. PubMed and patient databases
10. The National Quality Forum (NQF) works to
create measures that show how standards for
prevention, screening, and managing health
conditions are met. Which type of measure
would help to assess the results of healthcare?
A. structural
B. process
C. outcome
D. composite

1. The most reliable means of obtaining nursing knowledge
is through
A. trial and error.
B. tradition.
C. scientific research.
D. authority.
2. Applied research
A. often leads to basic research.
B. depends on the existence of healthy participants.
C. usually occurs in a laboratory.
D. is not usually based on an immediate practical need.
3. The major reason for conducting nursing research is to
A. promote evidence-based care for patients/ clients.
B. promote the growth of the nursing profession.
C. document the cost-effectiveness of nursing care.
D. ensure accountability for nursing practice.
4. What statement explains how research is establishing the
credibility of nursing as a profession?
A. Nursing has traditionally borrowed knowledge from the
natural sciences.
B. Through research, nursing has been establishing a body of
knowledge that is distinct
from other professions.
C. Nurses were included on the Gallup Poll as
professionals with an ethical standard.
D. The nursing profession exists to provide service to
society.
5. What type of research provides a statistical analysis of
the relationships among variables?
A. quantitative research studies
B. qualitative research studies
C. a tightly controlled study
D. a cost-effectiveness study
6. Describe the usual setting for research during
a qualitative study.
A. The setting is usually a remote place where
the participant responds to a survey
B. A small numbers of participants usually
share their information in a natural setting.
C. Large numbers of participants respond to
computer-based surveys from their homes.
D. A proctored and quiet test setting is used to
collect information.
7. What is a graduate of a practice-focused doctoral nursing
program academically prepared
to do? Choose all that apply.
A. Use advanced leadership knowledge.
B. Evaluate research.
C. Translate research into practice.
D. Begin an independent program of research.
E. Carry out research.
8. All nurses should be able to
A. identify researchable problems for nursing
research studies.
B. explain the details of a medical research
study to potential participants.
C. determine when most study findings are
ready for use in nursing practice.
D. confidently critique the majority of published nursing
research studies.
9. As nurses first began to receive advanced educational
preparation and became qualified to conduct research, many of their studies
concerned
A. nursing education.
B. characteristics of nurses.
C. nursing administration.
D. nursing care.
10. Identify which topics are listed as research priorities
among the members of the Oncology
Nursing Society. Choose all that apply.
A. Quality of life
B. falls
C. Pain
D. domestic violence
E. quality assurance

Consider the structure and applied actions shown in the adjoining figure.
The frame is subjected to a uniformly distributed load on BC and a change in temperature in AB. A is a fixed support and D is a pin support. Analyse the structure using the qualitative analysis
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