Tag: Clinical-Nursing

  • Cardiovascular Shadow Health Reflection

    Reflection on Cardiovascular Shadow Health

    I learned that a thorough cardiovascular assessment will help to identify significant factors that can influence cardiovascular health such as high blood cholesterol, cigarette use, diabetes, or hypertension. Therefore, a cardiovascular exam should be a part of every abbreviated and complete assessment.    A focused cardiovascular assessment is usually indicated after a comprehensive assessment indicates a potential cardiovascular problem. The focused cardiovascular assessment is also indicated when an interval or abbreviated assessment shows a change in status from your previous assessment or the report you received, when a new symptom emerges, or the patient develops any distress.

    I feel there is always room for growth, and I would say growth in documentation and placements regarding murmurs was very much discussed in the Shadow Health module.   I think an advantage of a focused assessment, like when we are doing the module, it helps us understand each body system.  The fact the modules looks at so many ways to assess, subjective, objective, and even empathy, can only improve our charting and communication.

    I plan on improving by integrating the cardiovascular health history and physical exam.  It takes a lot of objective and subjective information, and knowing how assess, in order to make the correct diagnosis.  Shadow Health, makes us better NP’s by working with the patient and talking into the computer.  It is very important that as I grow into a NP role, the correct questions are asked and for me to be able to analyze all the health information for a diagnosis.

     

    Reflection on Cardiovascular Shadow Health

    I learned that a thorough cardiovascular assessment will help to identify significant factors that can influence cardiovascular health such as high blood cholesterol, cigarette use, diabetes, or hypertension. Therefore, a cardiovascular exam should be a part of every abbreviated and complete assessment.    A focused cardiovascular assessment is usually indicated after a comprehensive assessment indicates a potential cardiovascular problem. The focused cardiovascular assessment is also indicated when an interval or abbreviated assessment shows a change in status from your previous assessment or the report you received, when a new symptom emerges, or the patient develops any distress.

    I feel there is always room for growth, and I would say growth in documentation and placements regarding murmurs was very much discussed in the Shadow Health module.   I think an advantage of a focused assessment, like when we are doing the module, it helps us understand each body system.  The fact the modules looks at so many ways to assess, subjective, objective, and even empathy, can only improve our charting and communication.

    I plan on improving by integrating the cardiovascular health history and physical exam.  It takes a lot of objective and subjective information, and knowing how assess, in order to make the correct diagnosis.  Shadow Health, makes us better NP’s by working with the patient and talking into the computer.  It is very important that as I grow into a NP role, the correct questions are asked and for me to be able to analyze all the health information for a diagnosis.

  • NAPSRx Final Exam

    NAPSRx Final Exam Answers 

     

    1. How are drugs sorted into therapeutic groups and classes?

    A. first by the conditions that they are used to treat. and then by their mechanisms of action

    B. first by their mechanisms of action. and then by their therapeutic effects

    C. first by their side effects. and then by their therapeutic effects

    D. first by their toxicity. and then by their effectiveness

     

    2. Bone marrow transplants…

    A. require that the patient first undergo chemotherapy or radiation to kill the diseased stem cells and promote white blood cell production.

    B. are a type of stem cell therapy. unless patient’s own cells are reinjected.

    C. are always a type of stem cell therapy.

    D. can help people with leukemia. a condition in which the body does not produce enough white blood cells.

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    3. What does AMA stand for?

    A. American Medical Academy

    B. American Medical Accreditation

    C. American Medical Association

    D. Association of Medical Assistants

     

    NAPSRx Final Exam 4. What section of a drug’s package insert describes situations in which the drug should not be used because the risks outweigh the therapeutic benefits?

    A. adverse reactions

    B. contraindications

    C. overdosage

    D. warning/precautions

     

    5 What is tertiary care?

    A. adding medications together to achieve a better clinical effect

    B. highly specialized medical and surgical care provided by a large medical center for unusual or complex medical problems

    C. receiving medical or surgical care that does not require an overnight stay in the treatment facility

    D. seeing a physician for routine checkups and general healthcare

     

    6. Which of the following is NOT one of the stages in the classic approach to brand development strategy covered in your manual?

    A. brand personality

    B. brand positoning

    C. brand quality

    D. brand values

     

    7 What are vasodilators used to do?

    A. decrease vascular resistance and increase blood flow

    B. mimic pathogens to stimulate the immune system

    C. narrow the blood vessels

    D.stimulate the CNS to make the heart beat faster

     

    8. What is the name of the condition that occurs after a specific dose of a drug is given at such regular intervals that absorption and elimination (and therefore drug plasma concentration) have become fairly constant?

    A. homeostasis

    B. steady state

    C. titration

    D. tolerance

     

    9. Which statement is TRUE about ocular administration?

    A. Ocular administration is primarily for drugs that must cross the blood-brain barrier.

    B. Ocular administration is used primarily to treat the eye.

    C. Ocular administration is used when a drug must enter the bloodstream immediately.

    D. Ocular administration is used when a drug must produce immediate effects on the brain or spinal cord.

    10. Which entities invest’s the most money in pharmaceutical R&D?

    A. Canadian pharmaceutical companies

    B. the NIH

    C. the U.S. Government

    D. U.S. pharmaceutical companies

     

    NAPSRx Final Exam 11. How are most drugs excreted?

    A. via the bloodstream

    B. via the heart

    C. via the kidneys

    D. via the skin

     

    12. Over the last few decades, what has happened to legal limitations on sales’ reps discussions about off label uses?

    A. Limitations have decreased.

    B. Limitations have increased significantly.

    C. Limitations have increased slightly.

    D. Limitations have remained about the same.

     

    13. Answer: Branding name

     

    14. What does it mean if two drugs are at parity?

    A. Both drugs are essentially in a neutral position.

    B. Both drugs are generics.

    C. Both drugs have exclusive preferred status.

    D. The two drugs are bioequivalent.

     

    15 Who is most likely to benefit from electronic sampling programs?

    A. Everyone would benefit equally from electronic sampling programs

    B. physicians in hospitals who are too busy to see representatives

    C. physicians in rural areas who are not as frequently visited by representatives

    D. physicians in urban areas who are too busy to see representatives

     

    16. When referring to medication dosage, which abbreviation means “one-half’:

    A. MS

    B. OH

    C. SM

    D. SS

     

    17 What is an internist?

    A. a physician who practices internal medicine

    B. a physician’s intern

    C. a type of oncologist who specializes in chemotherapy

    D. an internal sales representative

     

    18. Which of the following is a type of white blood cell?

    A. erythrocytes

    B. insulin

    C. Lymphocytes

    D.HCs

     

    19. Why are novice sales representatives often placed in charge of negotiating MCO formularies?

    A. to become more familiar with the healthcare industry

    B. to become more familiar with their territories

    C. P&T committees are more receptive to new faces.

    D. They are not. This job is usually reserved for more experienced reps.

     

    20. What distinguishes pharmacodynamics from pharmacokinetics?

    A. Pharmacodynamics studies a drug’s ex vivo effects.

    B. Pharmacodynamics studies how drugs affect the body.

    C. Pharmacodynamics studies the how the body affects drugs.

    D. Pharmacodynamics studies the time required for a drug’s absorption.

    21 What proportion of the drugs tested on human subjects are eventually approved by the FDA?

    A. about 20%

    B. about 60%

    C. about 70%

    D. about 95%

     

    NAPSRx Final Exam 22. According to a study discussed in your manual, how do most physicians prefer to receive their drug samples?

    A. by borrowing them from hospitals

    B. by ordering them over the Internet

    C. by trading them for services

    D. directly from sales representatives

     

    23. Which of the following is an example of a central value?

    A. I buy Advil to show that I’m a modern consumer.

    B. I like Advil because we were both born in the 80s.

    C. I prefer Advil because I like the flavor.

    D. I prefer Advil because it’s easier to swallow.

     

    24. Which of the following specialties likely has the MOST emergency calls?

    A. cardiology

    B. psychiatry

    C. urology

    D. All specialists have the same number of emergency calls.

     

    25. What affects the rate of active transport?

    A. the availability of carriers. but not energy

    B. the availability of energy. but not carriers

    C. the availability of carriers and energy

    D. neither the availability of carriers nor the availability of energy

     

    26. Over the last few decades, what has happened to the FDA approval time for new drugs?

    A. It has been lengthened to ensure safer drug products.

    B. It has been lengthened to limit DTC marketing

    C. It has been shortened to improve drug quality

    D. It has been shortened to reduce the cost of new drug development.

     

    27. Which of the following would NOT help improve compliance?

    A. patients liking their providers

    B. patients using only one pharmacist

    C. pharmacists understanding how generics differ from brand name drugs

    D.  support groups

     

    28. Which entity chooses a drug’s trade name?

    A. the drug’s inventor

    B. the drug’s manufacturer

    C. the FDA

    D. the United States Pharmaceutical Council

     

    29. What type of stem cells are obtained from embryos and can develop into any cell type?

    A. multipotent

    B.  pluripotent

    C. totipotent

    D. All stem cells can develop into any cell type.

     

    NAPSRx Final Exam 30. As the price a patient pays for a prescription increases, what happens to the likelihood that the patient will fill it?

    A. It decreases.

    B. It increases.

    C. It remains unaffected because the prescription is needed.

    D. It remains unaffected because the prescription’s increased cost is offset by its perceived value.

     

    31. Most involuntary movements come from which type of muscle tissue?

    A. cardiac and smooth

    B. only skeletal

    C. skeletal and cardiac

    D. skeletal and smooth

     

    32. Which of the following is NOT one of the body’s major organ systems?

    A. the cardiovascular system

    B. the cellular system

    C. the gastrointestinal system

    D.  the musculoskeletal system

     

    33. How do most drugs exert their primary physiological effects?

    A.  by activating synapses between different types of tissues

    B. by binding to cell receptors that are sensitive to their presence

    C. by inhibiting synapses between different types of tissues

    D.  through genetic mutation

     

    34. What is the most reliable source of information for determining therapeutically equivalent drug products?

    A. AMA guide

    B. Blue Book

    C. FDA drug list

    D.  Orange Book

     

    35. What does subcutaneous mean?

    A. beneath the intervention

    B. beneath the muscle tissue

    C. beneath the outer skin

    D. beneath the suture

     

    36. What should a sales representative do if all of the prime spaces in a drug cabinet are coccupied?

    A. ask staff for permission to move some of the other products in the cabinet

    B. ask staff for permission to throw away expired products in the cabinet

    C. ask the doctor if he still needs some of the other products in the cabinet

    D. surreptitiously move your largest competitors’ products out of the way

     

    37. It is inappropriate for physicians’ prescribing behaviors to be educated by their personal tastes and idiosyncrasies

    A. TRUE

    B. FALSE

     

    38.The FDA defines API as the active__ ingredient in a drug, which produces the desired change in the body.

    A. pharmaceutical

    B. positive

    C. potent

    D.  primary

     

    39. What are the 2 legal classifications of wholesalers?

    A. distributors and supply chains

    B. pharmacists and NAMs

    C. primary and secondary wholesale distributors

    D. retailers and institutions

     

    40.What term describes the usage of a medication for purposes other than the FDA-approved indications on the labeling?

    A. contraindicative indication

    B. off-indication usage

    C or D. off-label

     

    41. What is the acronym for pharmacokinetics?

    A. KN

    B. PC

    C. PK

    D. pT

     

    42. The dosage range of a drug that is both safe and beneficial is known as the therapeutic window.

    A. TRUE

    B. FALSE

     

    43. What is typically NOT a characteristic of a pharmaceutical sales rep?

    A. Pharmaceutical sales reps are authentic and real.

    B. Pharmaceutical sales reps are creative.

    C. Pharmaceutical sales reps are focused.

    D. Pharmaceutical sales reps are not concerned about competitors.

     

    44. What entity grants drug patents?

    A. the FDA

    B. the FDA if the drug is over-the-counter and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office if the drug is prescription

    C. the FDA if the drug is prescription and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office if the drug is over-the-counter

    D. the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

     

    45. Which of the following refers to all active and inert pharmaceutical ingredients in a drug, including fillers and colors?

    A. formulation

    B. mycoplasma

    C. peptide

    D. saccharide

     

    NAPSRx Final Exam 46. What is the difference between potency and efficacy?

    A. Doctors prefer more potent drugs.

    B. Drug manufacturers prefer more potent drugs.

    C. Potency refers to the drug’s effectiveness. while efficacy refers to its strength.

    D. Potency refers to the drug’s strength, while efficacy refers to its effectiveness.

     

    47. What is the minimum level of education required for a nurse practitioner?

    A. a certification program

    B. an associate’s degree

    C. a bachelor’s degree

    D. a graduate degree

     

    48. How many names must a drug have?

    A. at most three

    B. at least three

    C. at most five

    D. at least five

     

    49. How has a longer development time increased the cost of bringing a new drug to market?

    Answer: Increasing the cost of capital

     

    50. Senior citizens consume over times as many pharmaceuticals as people under 65.

    A. three

    B. five

    C. ten

    D. fifteen

     

    51. What agency regulates the distribution and use of narcotics?

    A. DEA

    B. FTC

    C. OIG

    D.TSA

     

    52. What is passive diffusion?

    A. a type of pinocytosis

    B. membrane transport via vesicles

    C. the use of energy to help a substance pass from a low concentration gradient to a high one

    D. when a substance freely moves through a membrane from a high concentration gradient to a low one

     

    53. What are the MAIN categories of drugs under FDA jurisdiction?

    A. active drugs and active placebos

    B. biopharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals

    C. non-prescription and nutraceuticals

    D. prescription and non prescription

     

    54. Answer: Oxytocin

     

    55. What are all metabolites?

    A. active substances

    B. inactive substances

    C. injections

    D. products of metabolism

    56. When a drug is administered orally, where does first-pass metabolism occur?

    A. intestine

    B. liver

    C. pancreas

    D. stomach

     

    57. What is the medical term for swelling?

    A. assay

    B. edema

    C. instillation

    D. protease

     

    58. Which of the following is NOT part of the Seven Step Cascade of Emotion?

    A. be a consultant. not a rep

    B. identify what your product does

    C. reflect

    D. visualize the power of 10

     

    59. Which part of a clinical research paper is frequently referred to as the road map?

    A. abstract

    B. findings

    C. letter to the editor

    D . methods

     

    60. Which of the following is a main active ingredient in lung surfactants?

    A. animal lung extract

    B.  germicides

    C.  sympathomimetic drugs

    D.  theophylline

     

    61. What does parenteral mean?

    A. child prescriptions

    B. injection

    C. oral

    D. tablet

     

    62. Which term denotes a type of substance that enhances the action of a drug or antigen?

    A. adjuvant

    B. indicated

    C. ligase

    D peptide

     

    63. If a sales representative’s product is placed on the second tier of a standard three-tier formulary, which of the following is most likely true?

    A. It has not been reviewed by the P&T committee.

    B. It is in a neutral position unless it is at parity with other drugs.

    C. It probably has exclusive preferred status if it is not at parity with any other drugs.

    D. It will essentially sell itself if it is granted exclusive preferred status.

    64. Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic transport mechanisms?

    A. active transport

    B. homeostasis

    C. passive diffusion

    D. pinocytosis

     

    65. Which statement accurately describes a relationship between drug agonists and antagonists?

    A. Agonists and antagonists can be used together.

    B. Agonists and antagonists should not be used together.

    C. Antagonist drugs activate receptors. while agonists block access to receptors.

    D. Antagonists are endogenous whereas agonists are man-made.

    66. What is the study of the effects and movement of drugs in the human body?

    A. anatomy

    B. antology

    C. clinical pharmacology

    D. pathology

     

    67. According to your manual, what is a common complaint that physicians have about traditional sampling methods?

    A. that drug sample supply is too unpredictable

    B. that patients are less likely to take free samples because they think they are lower quality

    C. that patients do not like seeing drug representatives in their offices

    D. that they receive too many drug samples

     

    68. Which of these entities is formed by two or more hospitals or other healthcare entities to negotiate reduced rates with its aggregated purchasing power?

    A. GPO

    B. In-state wholesaler

    C. PPO

    D. RPO

     

    69. What is another name for a drug derived from a biologic compound?

    A. large molecule

    B. oligonucleotide

    C. orgaanism

    D. small molecule

     

    70. What is the most common policy regarding pharmaceutical reps dispensing drug samples in hospitals?

    A. By federal law. drug sampling is permitted in all hospitals.

    B. By federal law. it is up to individual physicians. not the hospital.

    C. Drug sampling is encouraged. but not required.

    D. Drug sampling is often forbidden.

     

    71 Which of the following would help you build trust with a physician?

    A. asking if he or she is having any problems with the managed care coverage of your products

    B. repeating a question you already asked

    C. surprising the office staff with a new poster in the break room

    D. None of these would help you build trust with a physician.

     

    72. What term denotes the difference between the usual effective dose and the dose that induces severe or life-threatening side effects?

    A. dose-response relationship

    B. margin of safety

    C. the placebo effect

    D. therapeutic window

     

    73. What are excipients?

    A. a type of cell receptor to which antagonists bind to decrease the effects of the body’s natural agonists

    B. another term for generic equivalents

    C. sites of action besides the target sites of action

    D. the inert ingredients in a drug formulation

     

    74. What is another term for the AWP?

    A. dock-to-dock price

    B. float price

    C. list price

    D. non-stock price

    75. Which of these is the most likely use for a uterotonic agent?

    A. to induce labor

    B. to make the urine more alkaline

    C. to supplement oral food intake

    D. to treat hyperthyroidism

     

    76. As of November 2013, which of these countries has legalized DTC advertising of prescription drugs?

    A. Canada

    B. Japan

    C. Spain

    D. none of these

     

    77. Why are oral drugs often taken on an empty stomach?

    A.  to be more wholly absorbed by the stomach

    B. to minimize absorption by the intestine

    C.  to minimize nausea

    D. to pass through the stomach more quickly

    NAPSRx Final Exam 78. What is one factor that differentiates community health centers from hospitals?

    A.  Community health center formularies are more restrictive.

    B. Community health centers have higher reimbursement rates.

    C. Newer brand name drugs are easier to access at community health centers.

    D. None of these

     

    79. How does drug sampling provide a social benefit?

    A. Doctors donate their unused drug samples to charities.

    B. Doctors often use drug samples to treat patients who otherwise could not afford it.

    C. It allows patients to try out different prescription medications before consulting with physicians.

    D.  Drug sampling provides a social benefit in all of these ways.

     

    80. Which medical term denotes the use of a stethoscope to listen to the heart?

    A. auscultation

    B. cardioversion

    C. catheterization

    D. echocardiography

     

    81. What do enteric coatings do?

    A. facilitate vomiting

    B. help drugs dissolve in the stomach

    C. help drugs enter the bloodstream more quickly

    D. prevent dissolution in the stomach

     

    82. What is the duration of exclusivity for orphan drugs?

    A.  6 months

    B. 1 year

    C.  7 years

    D.  15 years

     

    83. What do National Account Managers do?

    A. act as the sales reps’ primary point of contact with the rest of the corporation

    B. manage the FDA approval process

    C. negotiate contracts with MCOs and PBMs

    D.  sell only to pharmacies

    84. What does it usually mean if a drug recall is voluntary?

    A. Pharmacies may choose whether to return the drug or dispense it.

    B. The FDA has determined that the drug is perfectly safe. but ineffective.

    C. The manufacturer has recalled the product on its own. but negotiated with the FDA beforehand.

    D. The manufacturer has recalled the product without negotiating with the FDA.

    85. Which phase of clinical trials is also known as the pivotal phase?

    A. Phase I

    B. Phase III

    C Phase IV

    D. Phase IX

     

    86. During which phase of clinical trials is the new drug’s safety and effectiveness first tested in the target group?

    A. preclinical

    B. Phase I

    C. Phase II

    D. Phase III

     

    NAPSRx Final Exam 87. How do antacids work?

    A. by increasing blood flow to the stomach

    B. by lowering gastric pH

    C. by raising gastric pH

    D. by suppressing cholesterol formation by the liver

     

    88. What is one of the biggest time wasters for a pharmaceutical sales rep?

    A. Caterers

    B. Pharcists

    C. receptionists

    D. travel time

     

    89. What happens when equilibrium is reached?

    A.  equal numbers of molecules cross the membrane in both directions

    B.  molecules stop moving

    C. the concentration gradient decreases indefinitely

    D. the concentration gradient increases indefinitely

     

    90. What are the most common vectors used in gene therapy?

    A.  autologous antigens

    B. liposomes

    C. naked DNA

    D. viruses

     

    91. What is the percentage fee that the dispenser pays the wholesaler for distribution?

    A. margin fee

    B. recharge

    C. standard fee

    D. upcharge

     

    92. What is the difference between a chronic (or continuing) reaction, and a delayed reaction?

    A. Chronic reactions are exaggerated. whereas delayed reactions are idiosyncratic.

    B. Chronic reactions occur only during treatment. whereas delayed reactions only occur during withdrawal.

    C. Chronic reactions persist for a long time. whereas delayed reactions take some time to develop.

    D. Delayed reactions are always idiosyncratic. but chronic reactions are not.

     

    93 What is clinical effect?

    A. federally funded research condition

    B. the effect of maximum dosage

    C. the response produced by a medication

    D. the use of treatment drugs in chemotherapy

     

    94. Which of the following is an example of noncompliance?

    A. a patient forgetting to take a drug at a specified time of day

    B. a patient taking a drug. but only because it has been court-mandated

    C. a pharmacist dispensing a generic equivalent of a drug instead of the brand name

    D. a physician refusing to prescribe a drug because he or she does not trust the clinical studies on it

     

    95. What is the average circulation time of blood?

    A. about a minute

    B. about 5 minutes

    C. about 5 to 10 minutes depending on the patient’s age and health conditions

    D. about 10 minutes

     

    96. What is one way in which pharmaceutical selling is different from selling in most other industries?

    A. In pharmaceutical sales. the decisions-makers. consumers. and payers are usually the same entity.

    B. Pharmaceutical selling takes less time because doctors are so busy.

    C. Representatives do NOT sell to the end user of the product.

    D. Representatives DO sell to the end user of the product.

     

    97. From what types of entities do primary wholesale distributors buy most of their drugs?

    A. brokerages

    B. buying clubs

    C. manufacturers

    D. physicians

    98.What is the Office of the Inspector General (01G)?

    A. a department in pharmaceutical companies

    B. an arm of the Department of Health and Human Services

    C. an arm of the European Medicines Agency D an arm of the FDA

     

    99. What are doctors required to consider when deciding whether or not to prescribe a particular drug?

    A. quantity of life over quality of life

    B. that no drugs with adverse effects should ever be used

    C. the inferiority of OTC drugs

    D. the severity of the disorder being treated and the effect it has on the patient’s quality of life

    NAPSRx Final Exam 100. Which entity assigns a new drug its generic names?

    A. the drug’s inventor

    B. the Food and Drug Administration

    C. the United States Adopted Name Council

    D. the United States Pharmaceutical Council

     

    101. Drugs can be used days beyond their expiration date.

    A.  2-7 days. depending on the most current monograph.

    B.  2-90 days. depending on state laws

    C. 7-90 days. depending on the type of drug and its therapeutic class.

    D. none of these

     

    102. What is necessary for a drug to be excreted extensively via the kidneys?

    A. The drug must be water-soluble. and not bind too tightly to proteins in the bloodstream.

    B. The drug must have a phospholipid bilayer and be non-water-soluble.

    C. The drug must have a phospholipid bilayer and bind well to proteins in the bloodstream.

    D. The drug must not be water-soluble.

     

    103. Which organization or individual initiates the clinical trial and finances the study?

    A. clinical research organization

    B. investigator

    C. researcher

    D. sponsor

     

    104. The name describes the atomic or molecular structure of a drug.

    A. chemical

    B.  generic

    C. pharmaceutical

    D. proprietary

     

    105. Under PhRMA Code, is it acceptable or unacceptable for a pharmaceutical sales rep to take a physician and the physician’s spouse to a fundraising dinner?

    A. acceptable if only the physician attends

    B. acceptable if only the physician attends. and the total is under $100

    C. acceptable if the total is under $100

    D. unacceptable

     

    106. The Hatch-Waxman Act is considered the most significant drug-related affecting the pharmaceutical industry since 1962.

    A. experiment

    B. legislation

    C. process

    D. research

     

    107. What term denotes the the extent, quality, or degree to which a substance is poisonous or harmful to the body?

    A. caliber

    B. chronicity

    C. indication

    D. toxicity

     

    108. What issue has MOST encouraged consumers’ desire to see more OTC medications?

    A. a weaker patients’ rights movement

    B. lack of insurance coverage

    C. less reliance on the Internet

    D. proliferation of herbal remedies

     

    109. What is the degree to which a medication produces a therapeutic effect?

    A. diffusion

    B. efficacy

    C. protease

    D. vector

     

    110. What is the most important benefit of electronic prescribing?

    A. Choice

    B. cost

    C. inquiries

    D.  safety

     

    111. When does the FDA regulate generic drugs?

    A. only if they are branded generics

    B. only if they have been contested

    C.  always

    D never

     

    NAPSRx Final Exam 112. Which phase of trials largely determines the clinical dose?

    A. preclinical trials

    B. Phase II trials

    C. Phase III trials

    D. Phase IV trials

     

    113. What is an advantage of inactivated vaccines over attenuated vaccines?

    A.  Inactivated vaccines are less expensive to prepare.

    B. Inactivated vaccines have a higher probability of eliciting the desired immunological response.

    C. Inactivated vaccines have a more stable shelf life.

    D.  Inactivated vaccines only require a single dose.

    114. Which medical term denotes a low supply of oxygen due to low blood flow?

    A. potentiation

    B. ischemia

    C. TID

    D. titration

     

    115. What are the two main types of prescription drug marketing?

    A. (1) marketing to insurance companies. and (2) marketing to pharmacies

    B. (1) PBM marketing. and (2) marketing to governments

    C. (1) professional physician promotions. and (2) direct-to-consumer advertising

    D. (1) publicly-funded marketing. and (2) physician-funded marketing

     

    116. What is the site of delivery for subcutaneous injections?

    A. fatty tissue beneath the surface of the skin

    B.  lymphatic tissue

    C. muscle tissue

    D. the stomach, via a special type of needle

     

    117. What must be contained in the Description section of a pharmaceutical package insert?

    A. adverse effects

    B. mechanism of action

    C. pharmacokinetics

    D. the proprietary name and the established name

     

    118. What is the study of a medication’s effects as it travels through the body?

    A. pharmacodynamics

    B. pharmacogenetics

    C. pharmacogenomics

    D. pharmacokinetics

     

    119. Customers purchase products from people they like, trust, and respect. This is called the  

    A. closing of the sale

    B. first time advantage

    C. likeability factor

    D. power of knowledge

     

    120. What is penicillin’s primary mechanism of action?

    A. It disturbs bacterial cell wall synthesis.

    B It inhibits the production of viruses.

    C. It prevents proper DNA replication.

    D. It sends a messenger to the bone marrow to produce extra white blood cells

     

    121. According to your manual, how has the U.S. healthcare marketplace changed in the last few decades?

    A. Fewer and fewer prescription drugs have been made available as OTCs.

    B. Managed care has been increasingly replaced by more patient-centered approaches.

    C. The aging Baby Boomer generation has begun demanding more personalized attention.

    D. There has been decreased emphasis on preventive health.

     

    122. How does pharmaceutical marketing help narrow the treatment gap?

    A. It encourages patients to take more active roles in their healthcare.

    B. It makes doctors more skeptical of the pharmaceutical industry.

    C. It makes patients more skeptical of their doctors’ opinions.

    D. all of these

     

    123. What do immunosuppressive agents do?

    A. decrease risk of infection

    B. increase risk of infection

    C. reduce the risk of rejection of foreign bodies

    D. treat psoriasis

     

    124. What types of drugs are EGFR inhibitors?

    A. antineoplastics

    B. cardiovascular agents

    C. CNS agents

    D. mitotic inhibitors

     

    125. Which of the following means outside of the living body?

    A. en vivo

    B. ex vitro

    C. ex vivo

    D. intra vivo

     

    126. The FDA requirements for nutraceuticals and medicinal herbs are just as stringent as for pharmaceuticals.

    A. TRUE

    B. FALSE

     

    127. What is the estimated net gain of private-sector healthcare’s contributions to increased U.S. life expectancy?

    A. $5-10 billion

    B. $40-50 billion

    C. $800-900 billion

    D.$ 2-5 trillion

     

    128. Which statement is TRUE regarding post-approval drug monitoring?

    A. All side effects are determined during clinical trials.

    B. Drug manufacturers are only required to report adverse effects if they are severe or life-threatening.

    C. Drug manufacturers are only required to report adverse effects if they have been proven in clinical studies.

    D. The FDA can choose to withdraw their approval if new evidence arises.

     

    NAPSRx Final Exam 129. Which term denotes when tolerance to one medication causes increased tolerance to another medication?

    A. cell tolerance

    B. cross-tolerance

    C. indicated tolerance

    D. minimized tolerance

     

    130. Patents expire __ years from the date of filing.

    A. ten

    B. fifteen

    C. twenty

    D. thirty

     

    131. After a trade-name drug’s patent expires, how may generic versions of it be sold?

    A. only under the branded generic name

    B. only under the generic name

    C. only under the original trade name

    D. under the original trade name or a generic name

     

    132. What is required for a new pharmaceutical to be considered a viable therapy?

    A. It causes no serious adverse effects.

    B. It causes no side effects.

    C. It has an active placebo.

    D. It is more effective and/or causes fewer serious adverse effects than other drugs on the market.

     

    133. Under the AMA guidelines, who is ultimately responsible for minimizing conflicts of interest?

    A.  doctors

    B. lawyers and office managers

    C. pharmaceutical companies

    D. sales representatives

     

    134. The act of dispensing a pharmaceutical alternative for the product prescribed is

    A. alternative licensure

    B. equivalence practice

    C.  necessitated substitution

    D. pharmaceutical substitution

     

    135. What does it mean if a drug is said to have a wide margin of safety?

    A. Its safety levels have yet to be adequately verified.

    B. Its safety varies widely among different types of patients.

    C. There is a greater chance of severe or life-threatening side effects.

    D. There is a lower chance of severe or life-threatening side effects.

    136. Which of the following is the correct medical acronym for effective dose?

    A. DE

    B. ED

    C. EFD

    D. eff D

     

    137. Why is one group of subjects given an active drug, while another group only receives a placebo?

    A. to assess patients’ expectations

    B. to assess the drug’s effectiveness

    C. to assess the professionalism of the study staff

    D. to assess the subjects’ demographics

     

    138. A generic version is likely to have some inactive ingredients that are different from those of the original drug.

    A. TRUE

    B. FALSE

     

    139. Which of the following is an example of a functional value?

    A.  I drink Coca-Cola because I am a citizen of the world.

    B.  I drink Coca-Cola because I like looking like a traditionalist.

    C.  I drink Coca-Cola because I like the taste.

    D.  I drink Coca-Cola because it is an international brand.

     

    140. Where are most drugs metabolized?

    A.  interstitial spaces

    B.  liver

    C. stomach

    D . the bloodstream

     

    141. What is essential to the ethical requirement that subjects be selected fairly?

    A. Selection criteria should be well-supported by documented evidence.

    B. Studies should make every attempt to conduct research on subjects who are underprivileged and in need of medical attention.

    C. Subjects should be selected based on scientific objectives.

    D. all of these

     

    NAPSRx Final Exam 142. Which of the following is the most appropriate salutation for a cover letter if you cannot find a contact name?

    A. Dear Personnel Department.

    B. Dear Sir or Madam,

    C. Dear Sir

    D.To Whom It May Concern.

     

    143. What is part of becoming an indispensable pharmaceutical sales rep?

    A. asking for feedback

    B. giving the doctors anything they ask for to prescribe your products

    C. keeping your market share goals the same each term

    D. not bothering busy doctors in hospitals

     

    144. Which of the following is NOT typically included in the indications and usage section of the package insert information?

    A. diseases or conditions that the drug is approved to treat

    B. the drug’s active metabolites

    C. the drug’s recommended usual dosage

    D. the drug’s usual dosage range

     

    145. Which term denotes the practice of classifying physicians and other potential prescribers by anticipated prescription volume?

    A. conditioning

    B. deciling

    C. detailing

    D. private labeling

     

    146. What makes a drug eligible for fast track approval from the FDA?

    A. It is a generic that has already been approved as a branded drug.

    B. It is a new drug.

    C. It is less expensive than what is currently on the market.

    D. It treats patients with a serious. life-threatening condition.

     

    147. In the gastrointestinal tract, help break up tablets to ensure full release of the active pharmaceutical ingredient.

    A. binders

    B. disintegrants

    C. dispersing agents

    D. lubricants

     

    148. According to your manual, what does the PDRP do?

    A. It educates patients on their treatment options.

    B. It expands sales representatives’ access to patient information.

    C. It improves communication between sales representatives and patients in doctors’ offices.

    D. It limits sales representatives’ abilities to see individual physicians’ prescribing data.

     

    149. What are the components of the central nervous system?

    A. the brain and sense organs

    B. the brain and spinal cord

    C. the brain. spinal cord. and peripheral nervous system

    D. the spinal cord and sense organs

    150. Which term denotes the origin or cause of a medical condition?

    A. cytology

    B. discovery

    C. etiology

    D. pathology

     

    151. Patients diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes…

    A.  …do not produce enough insulin because they do not have enough B cells.

    B.  …have an autoimmune disease.

    C.  …produce enough insulin. but it is not as effective.

    D.  …rely on insulin from porcine sources.

     

    152. Which DTC pharmaceutical marketing tactic is permitted in European countries?

    A. disease state ads

    B. branded billboards and disease state ads

    C. branded highway billboards

    D. branded radio ads

     

    153. What is one way in which psychologists DIFFER from psychiatrists?

    A. Psychologists are more concerned with subconscious memories than conscious ones.

    B. Psychologists deal more with emotional than physical issues.

    C. Psychologists deal more with physical issues than emotional ones.

    D. Psychologists do not have graduate degrees.

     

    154. What are PBMs?

    A. governmental organizations that provide healthcare

    B. organizations that design marketing campaigns

    C. organizations that negotiate between pharmaceutical companies and large drug purchasers

    D. organizations that write FDA new drug applications

     

    155. How does the Hatch-Waxman Act protect research-based drug manufacturers?

    A. by limiting the competition

    B. by making it easier to bring generic drugs to market

    C. by providing a 30-month cooling off period

    D. by requiring the FDA to only look at bioavailability studies when approving an ANDA

     

    156. What is the process of adjusting drug doses to achieve the maximum positive therapeutic effects while minimizing adverse or side effects?

    A.homeostatic maximization

    B.steady state administration

    C.Sustained release

    D.Titration

     

    NAPSRx Final Exam 157. Which of the following is studied more in pharmacodynamics than in pharmacokinetics?

    A. absorption. Distribution metabolism and excretion

    B. dose-response effects

    C. the transportation of the drug to the specific site for drug-receptor interaction

    D. the way the human body deals with a drug after it has been administered

     

    158. How does the healthy human immune system use MHC markers?

    A. Substances with MHC markers are discerned as foreign and targeted for destruction.

    B. Substances with MHC markers as discerned as foreign and quarantined in the liver.

    C. Substances with MHC markers as discerned as foreign and quarantined in the pancreas.

    D. Substances without MHC markers are discerned as foreign and targeted for destruction.

     

    159. What is a behind-the-counter drug?

    A. an OTC drug that must be closely monitored by the pharmacist

    B. another term for a generic prescription drug

    C. another term for a prescription drug

    D. another term for an OTC drug

     

    160. When do MSLs meet with clinicians?

    A. at nearly any stage of the product’s life cycle

    B. only after the district’s sales representatives

    C. only prior to launch

    D. MSLs do not meet with physicians.

  • NSG 6001 Week 5 Final Exam

    NSG 6001 Week 5 Final Exam Questions

    Question 1

    More than half of all cardiac arrhythmias involve the atria.

    True

    False

    Question 2.

    What are the most common symptoms caused by tachyarrhythmias?

    Sweating

    Thirst

    Palpitations

    Headaches

    BUY A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

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    Question 3.

    For women with known CAD and diabetes, which is most appropriate to assess CAD risk?

    ETT

    Coronary bypass surgery

    Coronary catheterization

    ETT with imaging

    Question 4.

    Of the following, which is the best answer when asked for an advantage of echocardiogram exercise testing over thallium stress testing?

    Does not depend on operator experience

    Costs are the same

    Results are available more quickly

    Doesn’t matter because there are no advantages

    Question 5.

    Your patient has uncomplicated pyelonephritis. In deciding your recommended treatment, you consider the most common pathogenic reason for this diagnosis. What pathogen accounts for the majority of pyelonephritis?

    E. Coli

    Gardnerella Vaginalis

    Mycoplasma Hominis

    Chlamydia

    Question 6.

    What purpose does the principle of fidelity serve in the provider/patient relationship?

    Ensures that providers honor their commitments to the patient

    Obligates the provider to a one-on-one relationship with the individual

    Ensures that patients receive whatever they want

    Maintains costs in the healthcare arena NSG 6001 Week 5 Final Exam

    Question 7.

    In CAD, after both systolic and diastolic dysfunction have occurred, the typical pattern of chest pain and related EKG changes occur. During an EKG, you should expect to see ST-segment and T-wave changes that are central to demonstration of ischemia occurring relatively late in the ischemic cascade. Is this true or false?

    True

    False

    Question 8.

    The leads on the ECG showing ischemic changes during or immediately after an ETT can correlate roughly to the culprit artery or arteries with significant CAD. Is this true or false?

    True

    False

    Question 9.

    Skin cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm in males in the US. What is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men greater than 50 years of age?

    Prostate cancer

    Lung cancer

    Lymphoma

    Lupus

    Question 10.

    What ECG changes can reduce the specificity of the ETT?

    Exercise induced bundle branch blocks

    Paced rhythm and resting bundle branch block

    Paced rhythm and exercise induced bundle branch blocks

    Low voltage up sloping of the ST-segment

    NSG 6001 Week 5 Final Exam

    Question 11.

    You have confirmed that your patient does indeed have an abdominal aortic aneurysm. In teaching your patient about symptoms to report immediately to the vascular surgeon, you instruct the patient to report which of the following?

    Newly diagnosed diabetes

    Back pain or flank pain

    Visual disturbances

    Headaches

    Question 12.

    What is one of the common causes of a Saccular Abdominal Aneurysm?

    Poor kidney functioning

    Age

    Drugs: illicit and prescribed

    Trauma

    Question 13.

    The diagnostic accuracy of stress testing is decreased among women compared to men for what reasons?

    Women having thinner ventricular and septal muscles

    Women usually have single vessel or non-obstructive disease

    Women cannot exercise as vigorously as men

    Women typically have multiple vessel disease

    NSG 6001 Week 5 Final Exam Question 14.

    Population disease management is a term used to describe:

    High specificity disease states

    Low specificity diseases states

    Low prevalence specific diseases

    High prevalence specific diseases

    Question 15.

    You receive a report back on the suspected abdominal aortic aneurysm for your patient. It confirms your suspicion of AAA. The report describes the aneurysm as a symmetric weakness of the entire circumference of the aorta. You know that this form of aneurysm is referred to as what kind of aneurysm?

    Thoracic aneurysm

    Budging sac aneurysm

    Saccular aneurysm

    Fusiform aneurysm

    Question 16.

    Your practice partner just ordered an exercise echocardiography 2DE for a patient with suspected cardiovascular risk. This patient has known resting wall motion abnormalities.Why would this not be the best test to assess this patient’s cardiac risk?

    Sensitivity is increased

    Sensitivity is decreased

    Specificity is increased

    Specificity is decreased

    Question 17.

    Your 60-year old male patient arrives for his appointment. He complains of general malaise and fever over the past several days with low back pain. He also states that he is getting up at night more often to urinate and never feels his bladder is completely empty.What differential diagnosis should you consider in this patient?

    Acute viral prostatitis

    Stomach virus

    Acute bacterial prostatitis

    BPH only

    NSG 6001 Week 5 Final Exam Question 18.

    We all know that collaboration is integral to becoming a successful nurse practitioner. Among collaborations, however, only one can be considered as the most important. While each example below is important, which is the most important collaboration? The one that occurs:

    Between the nurse practitioner and their physician mentor

    Between two healthcare providers about a single patient

    Between the patient and their family

    Between the patient and the nurse practitioner

    Question 19.

    The sensitivity of a routine ETT is effort dependent. What physiological changes occur during effort in the routine ETT?

    Rapid heart rates and coronary artery narrowing

    Decrease in coronary blood flow

    Decreased heart rate and increased systolic blood pressure

    Increased coronary flow and increased systolic blood pressure

    Question 20.

    A 47-year old female with general complaints of fatigue and shortness of breath shows up in your clinic as a referral from another nurse practitioner. Several blood tests and chest x-rays have been completed without any diagnosis or outstanding abnormalities.You decide to order an ETT despite the fact that the recent ECG does not show any abnormalities. From the answers below, which would be the best answer to support your decision?

    You are out of other options

    CAD in women is under diagnosed

    To please the patient

    Women present with the same pattern of CAD as do males

    Question 21.

    Your patient underwent an exercise stress test for CAD. There is significant elevation of the ST-segment.What do you need to know about these changes to manage your patient’s care?

    : This patient needs to see someone more experienced in treatment of CAD

    These changes are predictive of myocardial infarction

    These changes have minimal predictive value for CAD

    These changes predict dire outcomes

    Question 22.

    When there is a consequential loss of structural integrity of the abdominal aorta, the resulting issue is what condition?

    Bloated stomach

    Kidney failure

    Bleeding ulcers

    Abdominal aortic aneurysm

    NSG 6001 Week 5 Final Exam Question 23.

    You see a 60-year old African American male in your clinic with a recent diagnosis of hypertension. He asks you what he should restrict in his diet, and is particularly interested in limiting his sodium intake. What amount of sodium intake would you recommend on a daily basis for this patient?

    1.5 g/day

    No added table salt

    3.0 g/day

    2.3 g/day

    Question 24.

    Why would inability to exercise reduce the specificity of the routine ETT?

    Produces QRS changes that cannot be interpreted

    Produces persistent ST-segmental changes and T-wave abnormalities

    Causes ST-segment changes and P-wave abnormalities

    Will not produce any changes in ECG

    Question 25.

    By standard criteria, how is a positive stress test defined?

    Development of a horizontal or down sloping ST-segment depression of 1mm

    Down sloping of the ST-segment at the J point of the QRS

    Development of a horizontal or down sloping ST-segment depression of 10mm

    Upward sloping ST-segment measured at the J point of the QRS

    Question 26.

    What are the two types of bradycardia recognized by the American Heart Association?

    Relative and absolute

    Absolute and pending

    Refractory and non-refractory

    Relative and dynamic

    Question 27.

    You see a 75-year old female in your clinic today complaining of urinary incontinence. She is otherwise healthy based upon her last visit. She states that her mother told her this would happen someday because it happens to every woman at some age. What would you tell this patient?

    This happens to all women as they age

    No need to worry. This is normal. Your mother was correct.

    This is not an expected condition related to aging.

    This happens to men as well and most women before your age.

    Question 28.

    What do you know regarding ischemia that is confined to only the posterior and or lateral segments of the left ventricle?

    ETT cannot be used for detection

    Difficult to detect by ETT

    Requires both for detection of changes by ETT

    Easier to detect by ETT

    NSG 6001 Week 5 Final Exam Question 29.

    What three conditions definitely alter the results of echocardiography in determining CAD?

    Obesity, rapid heart rate and lung disease

    Diabetes, kidney disease and tooth decay

    Obesity, slow heart rates and hypertension

    Previous MI, hypotension and diabetes

    Question 30.

    Specifically, when is an ETT considered to be negative?

    Patient has ST-segmental changes with down sloping of greater than 1 mm at 50% of age-predicted maximum heart rate

    Patient exercises to 85% of age predicted maximum heart rate without evidence of induced ischemia

    Patient exercises to 20% maximum age-predicted heart rate without induced ischemia

    Patient exercises until tired without evidence of induced ischemia

    Question 31.

    All patients, even is asymptomatic, require risk stratification according to the Farmingham risk score. At present, ACC/AHA guidelines, however, do not normally support stress tests for asymptomatic patients without addiitonal justification. From the list below, what could be used to justify a ETT in an asymptomatic patient?

    A smoker of 3 weeks

    A member of congress

    Sedentary and wishes to begin aggressive exercise

    Developmentally challenged

    Question 32.

    BPH is not a risk factor for Prostate cancer. Is this statement true or false?

    True

    Question 33.

    Spread of genital herpes only occurs during the time period with active lesions. Is this statement true or false?

    True

    False(not confirm)

    Question 34.

    Abdominal aortic aneurysms are often asymptomatic. What percent of AAA’s are discovered in asymptomatic patients?

    40%

    20%

    10%

    75%

    Question 35.

    Improvements in the delivery and management of healthcare are necessary if we are to improve the overall health of this nation’s population. Which of the following are identified in your readings as strategic in the movement to improve the healthcare system?

    President and Congress

    Population management and healthcare practice

    Socialized medicine and governmental controls

    Monetary savings and limited disruption in healthcare delivery

    Question 36.

    What are the two main types of heart failure?

    Systolic and diastolic

    Hopeless and severe

    Left sided and main

    End diastolic and pressure related

    NSG 6001 Week 5 Final Exam Question 37.

    The majority of all strokes are non-ischemic. Is this statement true or false?

    True

    False

    Question 38.

    When a murmur is first heard, it is important to determine if it is due to a pathological condition or benign. For an experienced practitioner, it is always easy to determine the cause of a murmur merely by listening to the sound. Is this statement true or false?

    True

    False

    Question 39.

    Maintenance of an Isometric ST-segment during exercise is the response of?

    A normal heart

    Hypo profusion

    An abnormal heart

    CAD

    Question 40.

    The goal of self-management is to specifically do what?

    Engage patients in their own care

    Engage insurance providers in patient care

    Engage providers in patient care

    Engage government in greater involvement in patient care

    Question 41.

    Your 56-year old patient presents with bradycardia with a rate of 55 and first degree AV block. The patient is hemodynamically stable and is not experiencing any syncope or chest pain. History includes previous myocardial infarction. Home medications include beta blockers, daily aspirin. Lab work is non-significant for electrolyte imbalance. You decided to treat this patient for the arrhythmia to prevent future destabilization. From the choices below, which might be the appropriate first measure to consider?

    Add digitalis to control the heart rate

    Consult cardiologist immediately for guidance

    Discontinue Beta Blocker and replace with another therapy if necessary

    Atropine injections

    Question 42.

    Your patient is morbidly obese and cannot sit on a bicycle or walk a treadmill. She also has marked and severe emphysema. You need to make an assessment of the risk of significant CAD and your patient’s family says that their relative had their diagnosis based on an ultrasound echocardiography. What facts would influence your decision regarding the family request for echo assessment?

    Sensitivity would be increased because of lung disease

    Specificity would be increased because of obesity

    Sensitivity would be reduced because of obesity and lung disease

    Specificity would be reduced because of obesity and lung disease

    Question 43.

    You are in the clinic with your mentor observing the Echocardiogram exercise test of a 45-year old male that has been experiencing slight chest pressure almost daily during exercise.While observing your patient, your mentor points out that the left ventricle wall is thinning and there is some hyperkinesias of the ventricular wall. From your time in the clinic, you know that this test will be considered to be what type of result?

    Negative

    Impossible

    Positive

    Non-readable

    NSG 6001 Week 5 Final Exam Question 44.

    Your patient is newly diagnosed with persistent Atria Fibrillation. You consider electrocardioversion. Before undergoing this procedure you should order the following examination to assess thrombus risk.

    X-Ray of chest

    Tranesophageal echocardiography

    Ultrasound of chest

    CT Scan

    Question 45.

    Tachyarrhythmias cause a drop in commonly blood pressure, cardiac output, syncope, shortness of breath, and chest pain. What phenomenon most often occurs during these arrhythmias to cause these symptoms?

    Shortened diastole

    Lengthened diastole

    Lengthened systole

    Shortened systole

    Question 46.

    At what age is atria fibrillation most common?

    In childhood

    60 years or older

    30 years

    45 years

    Question 47.

    Automaticity is a property common to all cardiac cells. Is this statement true or false?

    True

    False

    Question 48.

    Your patient has a maximum age-predicted heart rate of 180. During the exercise he reaches a heart rate of 140 and then states he can no longer exercise. You see evidence of ischemic changes on the ECG. This would be predictive of what condition?

    Stroke

    Significant CAD

    Impending death

    Low risk of CAD

    Question 49.

    You tell a patient that he has a murmur. He says he has been told this before, but wonders what causes the unique sounds of a murmur. Which of the following would be your best option?

    Turbulent flow of blood

    High pressures caused from HTN

    There is no reason, it just happens

    Almost always from a sclerotic valve

    Question 50.

    What is the treatment of choice for uncomplicated community-acquired cystitis?

    TMP-SMZ

    Any antibiotic will treat this diagnosis

    Amoxicillin

    Penicillin

    Question 51.

    Any patient presenting with symptomatic bradycardia should be referred

    to a cardiologist for management. Is this statement true or false?

    True

    False

    Question 52.

    Encouragement of patients to take effective actions in their own healthcare refers to the concept of:

    Self-management support

    Interprofessional support

    Physician or provider-driven care

    Family care givers

    Question 53.

    You are considering adding an adjunctive form of testing to detect wall motion abnormalities during the ETT.You select Echocardiography as the added testing. You choose this test because you know that echocardiography does what when added to a standard ETT?

    Enhances sensitivity and specificity of CAD detection

    Enhances sensitivity while reducing specificity of CAD detection

    Enhances specificity while not changing sensitivity of detection for CAD

    You like pretty pictures of wall motion

    Question 54.

    Medicaid is mandated to be provided by each state through federal codes. Each state must offer Medicaid exactly as the federal government prescribes. True or false?

    True

    False

    Question 55.

    What sexually transmitted disease is most widespread in the USA today?

    Chlamydia

    Gonorrhea

    Syphilis

    HIV/AIDS

    Question 56.

    Your preceptor decides to add Doppler Flow studies to the echocardiogram exercise test for a patient with a recent history of a holistic murmur best auscultated at the left steral boarder. The patient has no history of cardiac surgeries. He asks you what might be the main advantages of adding Doppler Flow for this particular patient. You know from your readings that there are several reasons to add Doppler Flow and below are listed more than one correct reason. Your best response for this specific case, however, would be that Doppler Flow studies would be of what additive value during the echocardiogram study?

    Detect and evaluate blood shunting from a septal defect

    No advantage is seen for this patient

    Gives better screen shots of wall abnormalities

    Provides assessment of prosthetic valve function

    Question 57.

    Sexual partners of a patient with a diagnosed STI should always be examined and treated. Is this statement true or false?

    True

    False

    Question 58.

    Your patient presents with tachycardia. The QRS is measured at 0.10 seconds. Which of the following tachycardias would be an appropriate conclusion based on this information alone?

    Ventricular tachycardias

    Premature junctional contractions

    Atria fibrillation

    Ventricular fibrillation

    NSG 6001 Week 5 Final Exam Question 59.

    A 65-year old white male arrives in your clinic with general complaints of slight abdominal discomfort. He has a known history of smoking two packs per day for 40 years and hypertension. He also has COPD and has been treated numerous times with oral steroids. You consider several optional diagnoses. Of the ones listed below, which should be included as a potential top suspect in your choice of diagnosis?

    Chronic bowel obstruction

    Meglacolon

    Appendicitis

    Abdominal aortic aneurysm

    Question 60.

    What are the most common mechanisms to produce cardiac arrhythmias?

    Decreased automaticity, triggered activity or reentry

    Reentry, electrical dysfunction or activity

    Stress, hard work or swimming

    Enhanced automaticity, triggered activity or reentry

     

     

     

    1.      
    Patient urinates then has incontinence right after what type of incontinence is this

    2.      
     How long should you take TMP-SMZ for uncomplicated UTI

    3.      
    If someone presents with atrial arrythmia and is stable hemodynamically what intervention will you plan

    4.      
    What signifies impending AAA rupture

    5.      
    Who is at the highest risk with AAA

    6.      
    Most common cause of AAA rupture

    7.      
    The two types of AAA are fusiform and saccular.. if you have a bleb on one side what type is this

    8.      
    Gives definition and says what does this represent think the answer is veracity, the other didn’t make sense.  

    9.      
    UTI in 35 year old denies homosexual activities what else will you ask .. you know this is uncommon is adults younger than 35.

    10.  
    Why is there more prevalence of chlamydia

    11.  
    Who is eligible under Medicaid?

    12.  
     There is abnormal left ventricle EF without ischemia what does this mean?

    13.  
    The next questions asks the same questions but says theres evidence of ischemia so I put

    14.  
    Women and CT imaging is limited because of

    15.  
    15.   #1 leading cause of death in women

    16.  
    If AAA is 4cm in healthy adult what intervention would you do

    17.  
    What is relative bradycardi

    18.  
     
    What is the definition of CHF

    19.  
    Question about pt wanting to start exercise and is obese what test will the provider order

    20.  
     Drug for ETT

    21.  
    2 common types of ETT

    22.  
    Most common cause of systolic HF

    23.  
     What indicates a positive Stress test

    24.  
    You are in the clinic with your mentor observing the echo exercise test of a 45 year old who has been experiencing slight chest pressure almost daily during exercise. While observing your patient your mentor points out that the left ventricle wall is thinning and there is some hyperkinesias of the ventricular wall. From your time in the clinic you know that this test will be what type of result

    25.  
     Medicare covers inpatient hospital services under which part of the medicare insurance

    26.  
     
    Of the answers below which would be included in defining a positive Exercise echocardiogram

    27.   
    A 35 year old female arrives at your clinic, she has had diabetes and peripheral artery disease for the past 5 years. You decide to obtain an ETT. The insurance company argues that this is appropriate. You justify the ETT because you are planning secondary strategies to prevent future heart disease. Where could one find the supporting data for these guidelines NSG 6001 Week 5 Final Exam

    28.  
    Medicare hospital insurance is funded through what system

    29.  
    Your patient underwent an exercise stress test for CAD. There is significant elevation of the ST segment. What do you need to know about these changes to manage your patients care

    30.  
    Population disease management is a term used to describe

    31.  
    You are counseling a patient diagnosed with stress induced ischemia. You base your discussion on your knowledge that stress induced ischemia is caused by

    32.  
    AAA are often asymptomatic, what percent of AAA are discovered in asymptomatic patient

    33.  
    Improvement in the delivery and management of the healthcare are necessary if we are to improve the overall health of this nations population. Which of the following are identified in your readings as strategic in the movement to improve healthcare system

    34.  
    Your patient is morbidly obese and cannot sit on a bicycle or walk a treadmill. She also has marked and severe emphysems. You need to make an assessment of the risk of significant CAD and your patients family says that their relative had their diagnosis base don an ultrasound echo. What facts would influence your decisions regarding the family request for echo assmnt

    35.  
    Question about where the J point?  NSG 6001 Week 5 Final Exam