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NURS 6053 Leadership – Concept Analysis Group Paper and Addressing Barriers to Effective Communication Essay Assignment Discussion

NURS 6053 Week 7 Assignment: Application: Leadership

NURS 6053 Week 7 Assignment 1: Analysis Group Paper

This week you will begin a group paper that you will develop over the next few weeks. By Day 3 of this week, you will be placed in a collaborative group and provided with a work area for your group (See the Groups area below Week 11 in the left-hand navigation bar. If you do not see your team area by the end of Day 3, contact your Instructor.)

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Before you begin to work with your group, read the information below describing the paper. Then join your group, introduce yourself, and begin work on selecting a topic.

To prepare FOR NURS 6053 Week 7 Assignment 1 :

Review the Peer Evaluation Form for important information on how this assignment is graded.

Identify a group facilitator.

Within your group, select a topic relevant to interprofessional leadership and the health care field on which to focus your group NURS 6053 Leadership – Concept Analysis Group Paper and Addressing Barriers to Effective Communication Essay Assignment Discussion. The following are some potential topics for your group to consider:

Matrix organizations

Accountable care organizations

Horizontal and vertical organizations

Role conflict and ambiguity

Employee recruitment and selection

Interpersonal relationships in the C-suite of organizations (the relationships between the CEO, CFO, and CNO)

Resistance to change

Succession planning

Whistle blowing

“Just” culture

Team Stepps

When your group has selected a topic, the group facilitator will submit the topic to the Instructor for approval on the Discussion Board in the Week 5 Group Project Topic Forum.

Conduct research on your topic using the Walden Library and other credible sources. NURS 6053 Leadership – Concept Analysis Group Paper and Addressing Barriers to Effective Communication Essay Assignment Discussion.

To complete:

By Day 7 of Week 7 OF NURS 6053 Week 7 Assignment 1

As a group, write a 3- to 5 (page count does not include title and reference page) page paper that includes the following:

Section 1: Introduction

Section 2: Significance of the topic (based on literature that speaks to the relevancy of the concept selected in terms of interprofessional leadership)

Section 3: Review of the literature related to the concept that the group selects (current best practices, positive or negative impact on leadership or health care organizations, etc.)

Section 4: Application to nursing (e.g., implications or consequences for nursing leaders)

Section 5: Conclusion

All group members are expected to collaborate fully on this project, and your group paper should demonstrate an original and thoughtful application of the ideas presented in the Learning Resources and the research literature. NURS 6053 Leadership – Concept Analysis Group Paper and Addressing Barriers to Effective Communication Essay Assignment Discussion.

NURS 6053 Week 7 Assignment: Application: Leadership- Concept Analysis Group Paper

Continue to work on the Leadership Concept Analysis Group Paper, which you began in Week 5, tying in communication. How does the information on communication presented in this week’s Learning Resources relate to your selected concept? What insights have you gained this week that would inform how you communicate about this topic?

Note: For this project, all group members’ names should appear on the title page, and only the group facilitator should submit the final file. All students who are not the group facilitator will submit only a title page with their group member names on it.

To complete:

By Day 7

As a group, write a 3- to 5-page paper (page count does not include title and reference page) that includes the following:

Section 1: Introduction

Section 2:Significance of the topic (based on literature that speaks to the relevancy of the concept selected in terms of interprofessional leadership). NURS 6053 Leadership – Concept Analysis Group Paper and Addressing Barriers to Effective Communication Essay Assignment Discussion.

Section 3: Review of the literature related to the concept that the group selects (current best practices, positive or negative impact on leadership or health care organizations, etc.)

Section 4: Application to nursing (e.g., implications or consequences for nursing leaders)

Section 5: Conclusion

All group members are expected to collaborate fully on this project, and your group paper should demonstrate an original and thoughtful application of the ideas presented in the Learning Resources and the research literature.

Reminder: The School of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The Sample Paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements. All papers submitted must use this formatting.

Also, complete the evaluation:

Once you have completed your work on the Leadership Concept Analysis Group Paper this week, evaluate your peers in your group using the Peer Evaluation Form and the results of your efforts. This brief evaluation provides an opportunity for you to assess your teammates’ contribution to the project, as well as your own. NURS 6053 Leadership – Concept Analysis Group Paper and Addressing Barriers to Effective Communication Essay Assignment Discussion.

Complete this peer evaluation for each member of your team, including yourself. The average score from these evaluations will be used by your instructor to determine your final grade for the assignment worth 100 points. Not all students may receive the same grade. You must be an active participant in the development of the assignment to receive full points. Rate each team member on a scale of 1-100, with 100 being the highest. Include comments explaining why you gave your teammate this score.

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK7Assgn2+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.

Click the Week 7 Assignment 2 Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.

Click the Week 7 Assignment 2 link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.

Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK7Assgn2+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open. NURS 6053 Leadership – Concept Analysis Group Paper and Addressing Barriers to Effective Communication Essay Assignment Discussion.

If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.

Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.

NURS 6053 Week 7 Discussion: Addressing Barriers to Effective Communication

From moment to moment, a nurse leader’s day involves communication—with patients, families, colleagues, supervisors, and so on.

Think of a particular day you spent working in a health care environment, and consider three or four distinct points in time. For each point of time, consider the following: With whom did you interact? Which forms of communication did you use? What issues were communicated about—did they seem to be light-hearted or sensitive? Straightforward or complicated? How would you describe the pace of the interactions and your work? NURS 6053 Leadership – Concept Analysis Group Paper and Addressing Barriers to Effective Communication Essay Assignment Discussion.

As you consider these questions, it becomes clear that communication can be quite complex, with many layers of meaning that shape the experience for everyone involved. How could this awareness help you to understand instances of ineffective communication when they arise?

To prepare:

Review the information in Chapter 19 of the course text, as well as the assigned articles.

Reflect on an incident involving ineffective communication within your organization or another health care setting. Consider this incident through the lens of the communication process outlined in Figure 19.1 of the course text.

What barriers contributed to this incident? What other challenges may have influenced this situation?

Using the information presented in the other Learning Resources, consider what could have been done to prevent or address the ineffective communication. Why do you think the use of these strategies would have resulted in better outcome(s)? NURS 6053 Leadership – Concept Analysis Group Paper and Addressing Barriers to Effective Communication Essay Assignment Discussion.

By Day 3

Post a summary of an incident involving ineffective communication. Describe communication barriers and other challenges that contributed to the incident.Propose one or more strategies that could have been employed to promote a better outcome. Be sure to refer to elements of the communication process.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

By Day 6

Respond by critiquing at least two of your colleagues’ postings on two different days using elements of the communication process and recommend additional strategies to overcome the barriers. If you think other factors may have contributed to the situation, provide an analysis with the support of literature.

Click on the Reply button below to reveal the textbox for entering your message. Then click on the Submit button to post your message. NURS 6053 Leadership – Concept Analysis Group Paper and Addressing Barriers to Effective Communication Essay Assignment Discussion.

Critiquing a Change Effort in nursing essay and Distinction Between Leadership and Management discussion assignment

NURS 6053 Discussion- Week 4: Critiquing a Change Effort

NURS 6053 Discussion- Week 4: Critiquing a Change Effort – As a nurse leader, you need to have the skills and knowledge to collaborate and communicate with those who plan for and manage change. This capacity is valuable in any health care setting and for many different types of change. Furthermore, it is essential to be able to evaluate a change effort and determine if it is promoting improved outcomes and making a positive difference within the department or unit, or for the organization as a whole.

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To prepare FOR NURS 6053 Discussion- Week 4: Critiquing a Change Effort:

Review Chapters 7 and 8 in the course text. Focus on the strategies for planning and implementing change in an organization, as well as the roles of nurses, managers, and other health care professionals throughout this process.

Reflect on a specific change that has recently occurred in your organization or one in which you have worked previously. What was the catalyst or purpose of the change?

How did the change affect your job and responsibilities? Critiquing a Change Effort in nursing essay and Distinction Between Leadership and Management discussion assignment.

Consider the results of the change and whether or not the intended outcomes have been achieved.

Was the change managed skillfully? Why or why not? How might the process have been improved?

By Day 3 OF NURS 6053 Discussion- Week 4: Critiquing a Change Effort

Post a summary of a specific change within an organization and describe the impact of this change on your role and responsibilities. Explain the rationale for the change, and whether or not the intended outcomes have been met. Assess the management of the change, and propose suggestions for how the process could have been improved. Critiquing a Change Effort in nursing essay and Distinction Between Leadership and Management discussion assignment.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

By Day 6 OF NURS 6053 Discussion- Week 4: Critiquing a Change Effort

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days using one or more of the following approaches:

Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence, or research.

Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.

Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research. Critiquing a Change Effort in nursing essay and Distinction Between Leadership and Management discussion assignment.

Click on the Reply button below to reveal the textbox for entering your message. Then click on the Submit button to post your message.

NURS 6053 Week 5 Discussion: Groups

The dynamic and increasingly complex world of health care often requires nurses to work collaboratively on interprofessional teams. In the group environment, individuals with unique skills and expertise come together to focus on a common goal; however, groups must become cohesive before they can become effective. Critiquing a Change Effort in nursing essay and Distinction Between Leadership and Management discussion assignment.

Your experiences working with groups—whether you perceive them as positive, negative, or neutral—can be used to facilitate insight and development.Health care, with its focus on interprofessional teamwork and collaboration, offers ample opportunities and an imperative for continuous learning.

For this Discussion, you focus on strategies for facilitating the group process.

To prepare:

Review the information in this week’s Learning Resources regarding the stages of group formation, problematic roles individuals play in groups, and strategies for facilitating and maintaining positive group collaboration. In particular, review Learning Exercise 19.14 of the course text. Critiquing a Change Effort in nursing essay and Distinction Between Leadership and Management discussion assignment.

Reflect on various groups with which you have been or are currently involved. Select one specific group to analyze for the purposes of this Discussion.Identify the purpose or task that the group is or was meant to perform.

Consider the four stages of group formation (forming, storming, norming, and performing). How would you describe the progression between stages? Is there a stage in which you believe your group is or was “stuck”?

Consider the task or group-building role you normally play in a group setting. How could you apply the information from the Learning Resources to improve your group participation and facilitation, as well as the functioning of the group as a whole?

In addition, think about which individuals within your group (including yourself) may fall into problematic roles such as the Dominator, the Aggressor, or the Blocker. How have you and your group members addressed the enactment of these roles and its impact on interactions? With information from the Learning Resources in mind, what strategies would you apply now or going forward? Critiquing a Change Effort in nursing essay and Distinction Between Leadership and Management discussion assignment.

By Day 3

Post a description of a group with which you have been or are currently involved. Assess where the group is in terms of the four stages of group formation.If you are reflecting on a past experience, explain if your group moved through all four stages. Describe the task or group-building role you typically play, or played, in this group. Then, explain what strategies you, as a leader, can apply to better facilitate the group process and address any problematic individual roles in the group.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

By Day 6

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days using one or more of the following approaches:

Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.

Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.

Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research. Critiquing a Change Effort in nursing essay and Distinction Between Leadership and Management discussion assignment.

Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.

Click on the Reply button below to reveal the textbox for entering your message. Then click on the Submit button to post your message.

NURS 6053 Week 8 Discussion: The Distinction Between Leadership and Management

Think of the managers you have reported to thus far in your career. Now consider the people you have worked with or know of that you would consider leaders. Based on these experiences, what would you surmise about the responsibilities of managers and leaders and about the distinctions between these two categories in health care settings? Critiquing a Change Effort in nursing essay and Distinction Between Leadership and Management discussion assignment.

This week’s Learning Resources classify management and leadership (which are often confused in everyday discussion) and explain their significance for health care organizations. As you advance professionally, it is critical to understand the distinctions between management and leadership and how you can apply this knowledge for increasing effectiveness in your workplace.

To prepare:

Review the information in the Learning Resources.

Conduct additional research on your own and select at least two current, credible sources that contribute to your understanding of management and leadership.

Reflect on how the roles of management and leadership differ in supporting the organization to set and achieve goals.

Drawing upon specific examples from a current or previous practice setting, bring to mind someone who seemed to be a leader but not a manager and someone who seemed to be a manager but not a leader (generally speaking, or within a specific circumstance). Be prepared to support your assessment with specific behavioral descriptions found in the literature.

By Day 3

Post an analysis of how management and leadership roles differ in terms of supporting an organization to set and achieve goals. In addition, post descriptions of an individual who demonstrates leadership behaviors but not management behaviors and an individual who demonstrates management behaviors but not leadership behaviors. Provide your rationale, identifying specific characteristics of effective managers and leaders. (Note: Do not identify these individuals by name, position, or location.)

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

By Day 6

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days using one or more of the following approaches:

Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence, or research.

Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.

Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.

Click on the Reply button below to reveal the textbox for entering your Critiquing a Change Effort in nursing essay and Distinction Between Leadership and Management discussion assignment message. Then click on the Submit button to post your message.

NURS 6053 Week 9 Discussion: Leadership Style

Throughout your career, you will work with many people who display differing leadership styles. As a nurse leader, it is imperative that you communicate well and get along with those whose leadership style does not align with your preferences. It is also important to understand your own leadership style, as this can prompt insight into how others relate to you and what skills you may need to develop as your leadership responsibilities grow.

To prepare:

Review the information in the Learning Resources, including the leadership styles identified in Chapter 2 of the course text.

Bring to mind a leader in your organization or one with which you are familiar. Would you describe his or her style as authoritative, democratic, or laissez-faire? Why?

Which characteristics or approaches demonstrated by this person would you integrate into your own leadership style? Which ones would you prefer not to integrate?

Think about how this leader’s style and resulting interactions may impact health care quality and patient outcomes.

By Day 3

Post a description of a leader, distinguishing his or her style as authoritative, democratic, or laissez-faire. Describe the characteristics that inform your perception, and explain which ones you would integrate into your own leadership style, as well as which ones you would prefer not to integrate. Explain at least one potential effect of this leadership style on health care quality and patient outcomes.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ Critiquing a Change Effort in nursing essay and Distinction Between Leadership and Management discussion assignment responses.

By Day 6

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days using one or more of the following approaches:

Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence, or research.

Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.

Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.

Click on the Reply button below to reveal the textbox for entering your message. Then click on the Submit button to post your message. Critiquing a Change Effort in nursing essay and Distinction Between Leadership and Management discussion assignment.

NURS 4020 Leadership Competencies in Nursing and Healthcare Essay

Combine all the practicum together and present a power point .

Practicum Change Project PowerPoint  (
Benefit of reaching patient within 2 days of hospital discharge in reducing chance of readmission)

NURS 4021 WEEK 6 PRACTICUM POWER POINT Grading Criteria

Create a PowerPoint presentation that summarizes your Practicum Change Project.   Include a minimum of 8 slides (15 maximum) and the following information provided below. The PowerPoint Presentation is worth a maximum of 200 points . Points will be awarded as follows.

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Requirement

Criteria

Points

Title Page

Follows APA requirements for the title page

10 points

Describe the proposed change including evidence to support the project.  Identify the quality and safety issue addressed by the project.

Collaborates with professionals in the facility to discuss the need for the proposed change.Identifies the quality and safety issue addressed by the project.

20 points

Describe the change theory and model used as framework for the project. Apply the steps of the change theory to the project development process.

Selects one of the major change theories and applies the project development process to each step of the theory.Discusses how the project aligns with the facility mission, vision and values.

30 points

Describe your collaborattion with multidisciplinary team members
.

Describes the members of the multidisciplinary team and their role in the proposed project.

30 points

Present the proposed budget for the project.

Develops a realistic budget for the project including salaries, equipment, supplies, education, travel and so forth.  Justifies the need for the budget items. NURS 4020 Leadership Competencies in Nursing and Healthcare Essay.

30 points

Discuss the quality and safety issue addressed by the project.

Discusses the quality and safety issue and how the project will help decrease the incidence of the issue in the facility.

30 points

Describe dissemination strategies and justify the selection of the strategies

Describes the most effective way to disseminate the final project if the opportunity were available to do so.

30 points

A minimum of 5 scholarly references are used in the project including peer-reviewed research articles and textbooks.

References are current and are peer-reviewed research articles and/or current textbooks.

20 points

Total 

200 Points

Deductions – 25 Points
 may be deducted for:Late posting of PowerPoint (Post by Day 4)

Inadequate number of references to support your project. NURS 4020 Leadership Competencies in Nursing and Healthcare Essay.

Errors such as: typos, grammar, spelling, punctuation, syntax, or lack of APA style or incorrect APA formatted references.

NURS 4021 WEEK 6 PRACTICUM POWER POINT: IDENTIFYING A CHANGE PROJECT 1

What is the difference between leadership activities and management activities:

Leadership can be described as the conduct of a person when guiding the activities of a given group towards a common goal. The main concept of roles of leadership is based on impacting group activities and adjusting to change Sullivan, E. J. (2013. There is a challenge when considering leadership in the healthcare context because most theories are not formed within the healthcare framework for they were normally established for business contexts and later applied to the healthcare. Management can simply be defined as the process that managers utilize to realize organizational goals. It’s the process of achieving organizational set goals through the available resources.

How do management and leadership activities contribute to the success of change initiatives:

The activities involved in this process include planning, staffing, organizing, directing, controlling, and making decisions in the operations of the system to attain anticipated result and improve its entire performance. Management involves a combination of steps to follow to achieve the set requirements. Leaders look for suitable ways of doing things for instance they will establish the goals and purposes for the people (American Nurses Association, 2010; Sullivan, 2013). Anyone can be a leader without necessarily being in an authority position. NURS 4020 Leadership Competencies in Nursing and Healthcare Essay.

Transformational leadership is necessary along with good management of staff and resources. This entails committing individuals to action, converting those under you into leaders and converting the leaders themselves into change agents. It has less to do with use of power to pressure and suppress others in order to achieve result. Instead, it involves empowering them to understand and own the vision of the organization and trusting them to work towards the goals that profit not just themselves but the organization in general (Sullivan, 2013). In nursing empowerment would result to enhanced patient care, reduced sick days, and less attrition. NURS 4020 Leadership Competencies in Nursing and Healthcare Essay.

Through this, the staff will have higher job satisfaction and there will be higher retention of staff amongst there nursing functions.

What change projects are needed in your agency at this time?

Among the changes required is to ensure nurses practice to the full capacity of their education and training and programs to be formed to ensure nurses attain higher training to much the growing demands in the sector. These can only be achieved through good leadership and proper management. The Company that I work for currently is an insurance company and as a registered nurse case management, there is always area of change especially in reaching patients who had just been discharge in a timely manner so that gap in their discharge instructions, medications reconciliation and other issues can be address to avoid readmission. NURS 4020 Leadership Competencies in Nursing and Healthcare Essay.

Which project will I select for my practicum change project:

I will select the benefit of reaching patient within 2 days of hospital discharge in reducing chance of readmission

References

American Nurses Association (2010).Nursing: Scope & standards of practice. Silver Spring, MD: American Nurses Association. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases

Sullivan, E. J. (2013). Effective leadership and management in nursing. (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall

Change Implementation

Change is inevitable in any sphere of life. In the healthcare sector, change is even more critical. The dynamic nature of technologies, the healthcare sector, and health care requirements necessitate for any healthcare institution review its practice and adopt the best available. This paper addresses change in a hospital setup. v.

Several change theories exist, which help implement varying nature of changes in hospitals (Sullivan, 2012). The most useful theory of change applied to my place of practice, The United Healthcare Group, is the Roger’s theory. The Roger’s Theory, also referred to as the Diffusion of Innovation Theory, was advanced by Rogers and entails a description of the process by which people in any setup respond to change (Sullivan, 2012). The Theory describes five steps towards the adoption of a change, which comprise the creation of awareness stage, interest creation, evaluation of effectiveness, implementation and the adoption stages (Sullivan, 2012).

My project entails the introduction of post-discharge calls to monitor the patients and help prevent hospital readmissions. The Roger’s Change Theory allows a stepwise evaluation of the project progress. This helps the change process to be modified as necessary during the implementation process. NURS 4020 Leadership Competencies in Nursing and Healthcare Essay.

The United Healthcare Group’s mission is to provide people with healthier lives and make convenient the health care system cost effectively. The Group seeks to uphold integrity, compassion, relationships, performance and innovation as its core values. The vision to provide a high value of service to their clients and become the medical center of choice guides the group. The change aims to improve the patients’ health while reducing incidences of re-hospitalization. This is in line with hospitals mission and values. Moreover, the follow-up leads to an improved quality life, which is in line with the institution’s vision.

NURS 4021 WEEK 6 PRACTICUM POWER POINT References

Sullivan, E. J. (2012). Effective leadership and management in nursing (8th ed.). Boston: Pearson. NURS 4020 Leadership Competencies in Nursing and Healthcare Essay

NURS 4021 – Leadership Competencies in Nursing and Healthcare Essay Assignment Discussions

This focus of this course is on building the knowledge and key competencies essential to successful leadership and influence in an evolving healthcare delivery system. Students in this course emphasize increasing self-awareness in the context of organizational challenges and individual motivation; distinguishing leadership from management, team building, strengthening interpersonal communication, and interdisciplinary effectiveness; shaping a preferred future for nursing; translating strategic vision into action; as well as developing skills in implementing and managing organizational change. Specific learning opportunities include case studies, a battery of self-assessments and 360-degree feedback instruments, and exposure to top-level leaders in nursing and healthcare, and a 45-hour virtual, online leadership practicum with no required preceptors or travel.

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NURS 4021 WEEKLY PRACTICUM ASSIGNMENTS

NURS 4021 WEEK 1 PRACTICUM

What is the difference between leadership activities and management activities:

Leadership can be described as the conduct of a person when guiding the activities of a given group towards a common goal. The main concept of roles of leadership is based on impacting group activities and adjusting to change Sullivan, E. J. (2013. There is a challenge when considering leadership in the healthcare context because most theories are not formed within the healthcare framework for they were normally established for business contexts and later applied to the healthcare. Management can simply be defined as the process that managers utilize to realize organizational goals. It’s the process of achieving organizational set goals through the available resources. NURS 4021 – Leadership Competencies in Nursing and Healthcare Essay Assignment Discussions.

How do management and leadership activities contribute to the success of change initiatives:

The activities involved in this process include planning, staffing, organizing, directing, controlling, and making decisions in the operations of the system to attain anticipated result and improve its entire performance. Management involves a combination of steps to follow to achieve the set requirements. Leaders look for suitable ways of doing things for instance they will establish the goals and purposes for the people (American Nurses Association, 2010; Sullivan, 2013). Anyone can be a leader without necessarily being in an authority position. NURS 4021 – Leadership Competencies in Nursing and Healthcare Essay Assignment Discussions.

Transformational leadership is necessary along with good management of staff and resources. This entails committing individuals to action, converting those under you into leaders and converting the leaders themselves into change agents. It has less to do with use of power to pressure and suppress others in order to achieve result. Instead, it involves empowering them to understand and own the vision of the organization and trusting them to work towards the goals that profit not just themselves but the organization in general (Sullivan, 2013). In nursing empowerment would result to enhanced patient care, reduced sick days, and less attrition. NURS 4021 – Leadership Competencies in Nursing and Healthcare Essay Assignment Discussions.

Through this, the staff will have higher job satisfaction and there will be higher retention of staff amongst there nursing functions.

What change projects are needed in your agency at this time?

Among the changes required is to ensure nurses practice to the full capacity of their education and training and programs to be formed to ensure nurses attain higher training to much the growing demands in the sector. These can only be achieved through good leadership and proper management. The Company that I work for currently is an insurance company and as a registered nurse case management, there is always area of change especially in reaching patients who had just been discharge in a timely manner so that gap in their discharge instructions, medications reconciliation and other issues can be address to avoid readmission. NURS 4021 – Leadership Competencies in Nursing and Healthcare Essay Assignment Discussions.

Which project will I select for my practicum change project:

I will select the benefit of reaching patient within 2 days of hospital discharge in reducing chance of readmission

References

American Nurses Association (2010).Nursing: Scope & standards of practice. Silver Spring, MD: American Nurses Association. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases

Sullivan, E. J. (2013). Effective leadership and management in nursing. (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall

NURS 4021 WEEKLY PRACTICUM ASSIGNMENTS

NURS 4021 WEEK 2 PRACTICUM

Change Implementation 2

Change is inevitable in any sphere of life. In the healthcare sector, change is even more critical. The dynamic nature of technologies, the healthcare sector, and health care requirements necessitate for any healthcare institution review its practice and adopt the best available. This paper addresses change in a hospital setup. NURS 4021 – Leadership Competencies in Nursing and Healthcare Essay Assignment Discussions.

Several change theories exist, which help implement varying nature of changes in hospitals (Sullivan, 2012). The most useful theory of change applied to my place of practice, The United Healthcare Group, is the Roger’s theory. The Roger’s Theory, also referred to as the Diffusion of Innovation Theory, was advanced by Rogers and entails a description of the process by which people in any setup respond to change (Sullivan, 2012). The Theory describes five steps towards the adoption of a change, which comprise the creation of awareness stage, interest creation, evaluation of effectiveness, implementation and the adoption stages (Sullivan, 2012).

My project entails the introduction of post-discharge calls to monitor the patients and help prevent hospital readmissions. The Roger’s Change Theory allows a stepwise evaluation of the project progress. This helps the change process to be modified as necessary during the implementation process. NURS 4021 – Leadership Competencies in Nursing and Healthcare Essay Assignment Discussions.

The United Healthcare Group’s mission is to provide people with healthier lives and make convenient the health care system cost effectively. The Group seeks to uphold integrity, compassion, relationships, performance and innovation as its core values. The vision to provide a high value of service to their clients and become the medical center of choice guides the group. The change aims to improve the patients’ health while reducing incidences of re-hospitalization. This is in line with hospitals mission and values. Moreover, the follow-up leads to an improved quality life, which is in line with the institution’s vision.

References

Sullivan, E. J. (2012). Effective leadership and management in nursing (8th ed.). Boston: Pearson

NURS 4021 WEEKLY PRACTICUM ASSIGNMENTS

NURS 4021 WEEK 3 PRACTICUM

Collaborative and Communication Strategies

Change in an integral process for any organization aiming to continually the quality of its service delivery. This paper presents how effective communication and collaboration with other stakeholders are critical to the implementation of a change at the United Healthcare Group, which entails the introduction of post-discharge calls aimed at preventing further patient readmissions. NURS 4021 – Leadership Competencies in Nursing and Healthcare Essay Assignment Discussions.

At the multidisciplinary meeting to evaluate the hospital how the institution could improve the inpatients’ experience at the hospital teamwork. The institution’s medical director acted as the meeting coordinator, who employed a democratic leadership style. The leader allowed the input of every participant in the discussion. Conflicts in the form of disagreements were solved through compromise (Losa Iglesias & Bengoa Vallejo, 2012). The decision and counterarguments were based on the principles of nursing. At the end, the group proposed a plan to improve the patient experience at the institution. NURS 4021 – Leadership Competencies in Nursing and Healthcare Essay Assignment Discussions.

The interview with the director of the pharmacy division of the institution proved much insightful. The director describes himself as a servant leader, who is focused on the achievement of the hospital goals and upholding of its values (Sullivan, 2012). The leader argued that communication is critical to influencing the workforce, which is why he endeavors to pass important messages through face-to-face communication. The leader believes in the uniqueness of every member of his department and works towards harnessing their different strengths.

The proposed change at the institution calls for the involvement of every stakeholder; from the top-level management, nursing staff to the patients. The Rogers Theory will help implement the change in phases, which will enable its evaluation and modification (Sullivan, 2012). The theory enables the change to be tried, and its benefits realized which would influence its adoption (Sullivan, 2012). The multidisciplinary team will help refine the change to make it compatible with every department, which will help in its swift adoption. The best way to communicate the project is through the multidisciplinary team meetings. The leaders will then relay the change to their staff after the discussions, which will facilitate its support by the staff. NURS 4021 – Leadership Competencies in Nursing and Healthcare Essay Assignment Discussions.

References

Losa Iglesias, M., & Becerro De Bengoa Vallejo, R. (2012). Conflict resolution styles in the nursing profession. Contemporary Nurse: A Journal For The Australian Nursing Profession, 43(1), 73-80. doi:10.5172/conu.2012.43.1.73.

Sullivan, E. J. (2012). Effective leadership and management in nursing (8th ed.). Boston: Pearson.

NURS 4021 WEEKLY PRACTICUM ASSIGNMENTS

Change Project Resources Budget

Implementing a change that improves the way an organization performs work may sometimes come with the requirement of heavy resource inputs. Without the proper checks and balances, the change may counterproductive in terms of economy. In the light of this, this paper evaluates the budgetary estimates for the proposed change at the United Healthcare Group. NURS 4021 – Leadership Competencies in Nursing and Healthcare Essay Assignment Discussions.

In a bid to reduce the readmission rates in the United Healthcare Group, it is imperative that follow-up calls are made to the released patients. The successful implementation of the change calls for additional resources in a number of areas. The resources have to be allocated their respective amounts, which should reflect in their different budgets, such as capital budgeting, salary budget, and the operating budget (Sullivan, 2012).

The change project involves the implementation of post-discharge calls to monitor patients, hence prevent readmissions. Thus, the hospital needs resources that include personnel, equipment, technology, and travel in some instances. Additionally, Sullivan (2012) argues that employee motivation and continual development helps improve the job performance. As such, the hospital will be required to put additional resources for the purposes of employee motivation and education. NURS 4021 – Leadership Competencies in Nursing and Healthcare Essay Assignment Discussions.

Telephone calls will require the installation of an additional four telephone lines in the hospital, specifically for the follow-up calls. The hospital will incur the purchase cost of $500 for the phones. The installation cost will amount to $100. The maintenance and the subscription fees for the phones will be about $300 per year. Thus, the hospital will incur a capital budget of $600 for the telephone lines, acquisition, and $300 operating budget for the telephones. NURS 4021 – Leadership Competencies in Nursing and Healthcare Essay Assignment Discussions.

The change involves keeping in touch with discharge patients through telephone calls. As such, the hospital will need to employ additional staff, in the form of nurses, who will supplement the existing body nurses in assessing the patients to be put on the follow-up program and making the calls. In this area, the hospital will need to add an additional two nurses. These will reinforce the existing workforce, who will be used to make the required follow-up calls and offer the necessary instructions. Additional tasks require the addition of staff (Sullivan, 2012). The salaries of the staff will be about $8400 for the additional staff. Thus, the hospital will incur an additional $8400 salary budget for the program.

Education for the nursing staff will be required so as they are acquainted with communicating with the patients, assessing their condition remotely, making critical decisions and offering the necessary instructions to the patients. Thus, a seminar to educate the nurses on phone etiquette, the questions to ask and the kind of information to guide on will be held. This exercise will cost the hospital about $1000, for a week’s education of the nurses at the hospital premises. The change entails the introduction of tasks that the nurses were not accustomed to, which requires the enrichment of their knowledge (Sullivan, 2012). NURS 4021 – Leadership Competencies in Nursing and Healthcare Essay Assignment Discussions.

The major objective of the project is to reduce the instances of hospital readmissions for the patients. As such, the nurses may be called to task by visiting some of the patients in their homes, depending on their conditions. Such cases are expected to be very few. As such, the hospital will set aside $1000 per year for such visits as the need arise.

Budget Summary

Category

Budget type

Cost

Telephone acquisition and installation

Capital Budget

$600

Phone maintenance and subscription

Operating budget

$400/year

Staff education

Capital budget

$1000

Salary for additional staff

Salary budget

$8400/month

Travel

Operating budget

$1000/year

Total

$11,400

This project is very interesting to me because as nurses, we face are faced with the challenge preventing skin tear and breakdown with incontinent patients. Continuous exposure to urine and feces is one of the most common causes of skin breakdown. The chemical present in these waste products have an effect on the skin making it fragile and causing it to break and injure easily, so changing patient’s position and keeping them dry is very crucial in preventing this problem. But because of cost, proper method are not utilize. Even though the chux are less expensive but the frequent use of barrier ointment or moisture sealants available in the market which are helpful for they form a protective barrier on the skin can become expensive, retraining staff members and new employees on skincare and prevention of decubs can also incur some expenses. NURS 4021 – Leadership Competencies in Nursing and Healthcare Essay Assignment Discussions.

References

Sullivan, E. J. (2012). Effective leadership and management in nursing (8th ed.). Boston: Pearson.

NURS 4021 WEEKLY PRACTICUM ASSIGNMENTS

NURS 4021 WEEK 5 PRACTICUM

QUALITY OR SAFETY ISSUE IN UNITED HEALTHCARE SYSTEM 2

Safety Issue

The lack of knowledge of managing certain conditions reported by patients in a health care institution can pose greater safety hazard to both the affected and unaffected patients. This also compromises the quality of the services offered by an institution (Sullivan,2013).

One of the safety issues faced by United Health Care system is that practicing nurses lacked knowledge on Skin and wound care management. Because of this, they also did not know how to operate wound care equipment. NURS 4021 – Leadership Competencies in Nursing and Healthcare Essay Assignment Discussions.

What Data did you use to Identify the Safety Issue?

Collection of data is important in the process of identifying a safety issue. Once data have been collected; evaluation is done so as to identify a safety issue and thereafter come up with ways of addressing the safety issue.

In this case, the data used to identify the safety issue was the number of nursing staff that participated in the educational activities involving skin care issues and wound care management. In addition, nurses filled questionnaires in the on skin and wound care management processes; skin and wound care management systems and equipments. Results from the evaluation of these questionnaires informed the conclusion that lack of proper knowledge of skin and wound care management was indeed a safety issue.

How will the Practicum Change Project Address the Safety Issue?

The Practicum Change Project will address this safety issue firstly by procurement of hospital equipment to be used for skin care and wound management. The institution’s procurement system would also be adjusted to involve the top management more in the process.

Secondly, setting up a system through which all nurses and their managers will report skin care and wound management cases accurately and on time. This will assist in the close monitoring and evaluation of these cases (Sullivan, 2013). Because of the knowledge gap that exists in this safety issue, the hospital management, through the change project will allocate resources to source for qualified staff. The qualified staff will train the nurses and their managers on the reporting system for some time and then exit after the knowledge gap has been bridged. NURS 4021 – Leadership Competencies in Nursing and Healthcare Essay Assignment Discussions.

Conclusion

Finally, clear and constant communication will be maintained as this will be the most important step in addressing the safety matter. This will ensure that the management keeps abreast on matters of skin care and wound management. Thus, the nurses will be constantly reminded and sensitized on the requirements and importance of the issue to the success of the change project. Current wound care expertise encompasses numerous dressing-related skills including, treating the cause of the wound and addressing patient centered concerns to set the stage for local wound care, Properly assessing the wound and identifying the dressing requirements, selecting dressings based on their form and function for an individual wound’s need, and meeting setting-specific requirements for dressing change frequency and maintenance. There is always a safety risk if the nurse is not able to follow the above step, when wrong dressing changing material is used; when wound is not properly staged and poor wound information is provided to the patient. Dressings alone will not promote wound healing, unless the underlying cause(s) for the wound are also addressed (e.g. treatment of the wound cause, blood supply, nutrition, patient centered concerns, local wound care etc.). As the wound changes, the plan of care must change and dressing products may have to be changed and this is where effective communication. NURS 4021 – Leadership Competencies in Nursing and Healthcare Essay Assignment Discussions.

References

Course Text: Guide to the Code of Ethics for Nurses: Interpretation and Application Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Sullivan, E. J. (2013). Effective leadership and management in nursing. (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall. NURS 4021 – Leadership Competencies in Nursing and Healthcare Essay Assignment Discussions.

Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Disease Nursing Essay Assignment paper

Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Disease

Week 5 Discussion Board- V3 Assignment

Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Disease: According to Banasik (2018), end-stage renal disease is the final outcome of chronic kidney disease. It is the deterioration of the kidneys and renal function. The decline in renal function is irreversible. According to the National Kidney Foundation (2014), some of the biggest risk factors for kidney disease include; family history of kidney disease, age 60 or older, diabetes, and hypertension. There are several steps to prevent kidney disease. Some of the most common preventative tips would be to stop smoking, lose weight if overweight, limit alcohol intake, lower sodium intake, and exercise (National Kidney Foundation, 2014). Obesity is a common problem in our society. Being overweight or obese may lead to developing hypertension, diabetes, stroke, arthritis, and kidney disease (National Kidney Foundation, 2014). Hypertension and diabetes are two important risk factors for developing kidney disease. This is important to teach patients because they may not necessarily understand how being overweight can contribute to decreased kidney function. Educating patients to go to their annual physicals and monitor their blood pressure will help promote a healthy lifestyle. For patients who are diagnosed with chronic kidney disease, there are several tips that promote kidney health. These include; monitor blood pressure often, manage blood sugars, reduce salt intake, avoid NSAIDs, moderate protein consumption, and getting an annual flu shot (National Kidney Foundation, 2014). Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Disease Nursing Essay Assignment paper.

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Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Disease References

Banasik, J. L. (2018). 
Pathophysiology, 6
th
 Edition. 
[VitalSource]. Retrieved from https://vsaccess.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780323354813

Prevention. (2014, November 3). In 
National Kidney Foundation. 
Retrieved from https://www.kidney.org/prevention. Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Disease Nursing Essay Assignment paper.

Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Disease

Per Banasik, ESRD is a common outcome of chronic glomerulonephritis necessitating dialysis or kidney transplantation. Three major risk factors include diabetes, high blood pressure, a family history of kidney failure and age sixty or older.

In the website, some of the most common preventative tips include; quit smoking, alcohol and your kidneys, lose weight if your overweight or obese, lower salt in your diet, understanding food labels and Exercise. Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Disease Nursing Essay Assignment paper.

Reading the nutrition facts label is the most missed preventative tips. Food labels have percent daily values listed for a set of a group of nutrients.  The reading label will help the patient to look at the list of ingredients to avoid. Pt can ask for help at their dietician to look labels to meet their needs best and ask for the recommendation to better help them in taking care of their body. Not only it will help us preventing kidney failure, and it will also teach us to be mindful of the food with eating. Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Disease Nursing Essay Assignment paper.

Banasik, J. L. (2018). Pathophysiology, 6
th
 Edition. [VitalSource]. Retrieved from https://vsaccess.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780323354813

Nutrition Facts Label. (2014, November 3). In the National Kidney Foundation. Retrieved from https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/foodlabel

Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Disease

Post-infectious acute glomerulonephritis usually follows skin and throat infections. “The infectious organism stimulates the production of antibodies that bind to microbial antigens, initiating formation of antibody–antigen complexes. Antibody deposition leading to inflammation is the key pathologic event. Proliferation of mesangial cells is initiated after immune complex deposition, resulting in characteristic proliferative lesions. Complement is activated within the glomerulus, resulting in release of chemotaxic factors and attracting macrophages, neutrophils, and T-helper cells. Lysosomal enzymes are released and attack glomerular walls. The changes in the structure of the glomerular membranes result in a decrease in the surface area available for filtration and allow substances that were previously restricted to enter the glomerular space.” (Banasik, 2018, p588). Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Disease Nursing Essay Assignment paper.

Nephrosis occurs when the injured kidney releases excess protein in the urine due to glomerulonephritis. This inflammation leads to a change in the normal cells of the glomerulus to that of mesangial cells. This change in the wall of the glomerulus allows for proteins to be excreted injuring the kidney leading to nephrosis.

JH’s potassium level is elevated at 5.4 bicarbonate, hematocrit, sodium and arterial carbon dioxide are decreased. BUN, creatinine, and albumin levels are also elevated, protein is positive in the urine which points to the patient progressing to renal failure.

JH’s decreased urine output, increased lethargy, and hyperventilation are physical findings that point to renal impairment. The degree of renal impairment can be determined through creatinine clearance, GFR, CBC and CMP, and Urinalysis. Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Disease Nursing Essay Assignment paper.

Should JH’s condition progress from nephrosis to uremia, his therapy would likely include dietary restrictions such as low-protein diet, reduced fluid intake to reduce fluid overload, and sodium and potassium restrictions.

Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Disease

Banasik, J. (2018). Pathophysiology, 6th Edition. [VitalSource]. Retrieved from https://vsaccess.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780323354813/

Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Disease

Acute glomerulonephritis encompasses a constellation of inflammatory glomerulopathies that are characterized by the abrupt onset of varying degrees of hematuria, proteinuria, oliguria, azotemia, edema, and hypertension (Banasik, 2018). Pneumococcal infection leads to glomerulonephritis through the inflammation process that occurs, resulting in pneumococcal infection injuring the glomerular capillary and basement membrane. Mesangial cells take the place of normal glomerulus cells that become similar in structure to proliferative lesions. JH appears to be progressing into renal failure based on his abnormal lab findings. Lab values suggests association with renal failure: a compensated metabolic acidosis, elevated BUN and creatinine, abnormally high potassium level, and a low hematocrit level. Low sodium and low albumin levels are indicative of nephrosis. To aid in determining JH’s degree of renal impairment, I would look at the estimated glomerular filtration rate via creatinine clearance, urinalysis for protein, and serum calcium levels. JH’s physical findings would include edema as a resultant of fluid retention from decreased urine output and pruritus. Due to low percentage of hematocrit levels, I would also suspect lethargy. Low bicarb levels suggest metabolic acidosis, this would result in the body trying to compensate by hyperventilating. If JH’s condition was to progress from nephrosis to uremia, JH’s therapy would change from a no fluid restriction to a fluid restricted diet. High urine output usually exists in nephrosis and patients are encouraged a high protein intake. A low protein diet would be recommended if JH’s condition turns into uremia. JH’s intake would also benefit from a low salt and a low potassium diet. Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Disease Nursing Essay Assignment paper.

Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Disease

Banasik, J. (2018). 
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
. [VitalSource]. Retrieved from https://vsaccess.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780323354813/

Working with Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay Discussions

Developmental assessment is the process of mapping a child’s performance compared with children of similar age, while development is the process by which each child evolves from helpless infancy to independent adulthood. If a child has a developmental delay, it is essential to identify it early so that the child and family can receive needed intervention services and support. Working with Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay Discussions. Healthcare providers play a critical role in monitoring children’s growth and development and identifying problems as early as possible (Bagner et al., 2015).

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The most widely used developmental screening test is the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST), which provides a pass/fail rating in four domains of developmental milestones: gross motor, fine motor, language, and personal-social. The original DDST was criticized for under-identification of children with developmental disabilities, particularity in language. The reissued DDST-II is a better assessment for language delays, which is important because of the strong link between language and overall cognitive development (Lippman, 2016). Also, the options for a traditional screening tool are the Behavioral and Emotional Screening System (BESS; for ages 3-18 years.) and the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-Social Emotional (ASQ-SE). The BESS collects information from three sources: parents, teachers, and youth (Lippman, 2016). These are assessments tools for children and adolescents only and cannot be used for adults and using the assessments tools for adults will result in inaccuracy. Working with Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay Discussions.

Two treatment options for children and adolescents that may not be used when treating adults are treatment options for intellectual disabilities and developmental delays. No one treatment works for every child with a developmental delay. Children are unique; they learn and grow and develop in their own way, at their own pace, based on their strengths and weaknesses. Any treatment plan will take this uniqueness into account and be designed to focus on individual needs. Early intervention services are the central theme of treatment, but any underlying conditions that have led to developmental delay will need to be treated as well. Early intervention treatments or services might include speech and Language Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Therapy, and Behavior Therapies, and such as those used to treat autism and behavioral issues (Haine-Schlagel, & Walsh, 2015). Also, it is crucial for all children with developmental delay to have their hearing and vision evaluated so that untreated visual or hearing impairments do not complicate the situation.

The role parents play in assessment and treatment is particularly important for child and family treatment given the critical role that parents, or any primary caregiver often play in obtaining and facilitating attendance at treatment. Furthermore, the significant influence of family context on children’s development and behavior often results in child treatment focusing on the family regardless of the underlying treatment approach or modality (Department of Health & Human Service, 2018). The role parents play includes sharing opinions, asking questions, and providing their point of view on a problem or solution, as well as participation in therapeutic activities such as games and role plays. Other role includes parent follow-through with home action plans referred to as homework, such as changing their parenting behavior, for example, increasing reinforcement of positive behaviors, serving as a “co-provider.” Working with Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay Discussions.

 

References

Bagner, D. M., Rodríguez, G. M., Blake, C. A., Linares, D., & Carter, A. S. (2015). Assessment

of Behavioral and Emotional Problems in Infancy: A Systematic Review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 15(2), 113–128. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4476378/

Department of Health & Human Service. (2018). Developmental Monitoring and Screening for

Health Professionals. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/childdevelopment/screening-hcp.html

Haine-Schlagel, R., & Walsh, N. E. (2015). A Review of Parent Participation Engagement in

Child and Family Mental Health Treatment. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 18(2), 133–150. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4433419/. Working with Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay Discussions.

Lippman, L. (2016). Early childhood social and emotional development: Advancing the field of

measurement. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2016.02.002

 

Essay 2

Thorough assessment of a child or adolescent’s developmental history is important to the mental health professional for a number of reasons but particularly to reveal crucial clues to a client’s behavior or reason for a mental health consultation. Numerous factors need to be considered in a young client’s language and cognitive development, emotional and social development, and sexual development. An alteration in one or more of such domains can assist in leading to an appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Throughout all of the stages of human development – infancy stage, toddler period, preschool period, middle years, and adolescence – there are specific developmental markers and milestones that are assessed for. Working with Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay Discussions.

Two assessments that are commonly utilized in child and adolescent psychiatry but not adult psychiatry is the Children’s Interview for Psychiatric Syndromes (ChIPS) and the Bayley Scales of Infant and Child Development (BSID). The ChIPS interview is highly structured and consists of questions written with an emphasis on simple, age-appropriate language which screens for twenty diagnoses; it uses a format the allows the interviewer to “skip out” of a section as soon as it is clear that the child does not meet diagnostic criteria for that diagnosis; in comparison to other assessment tools, the ChIPS is relatively short and can be completed in approximately 40 minutes (Young, Bell, and Fristad, 2016). The Bayley Scales of Infant and Childhood Development Third Edition (BSID-III) contains 325 items divided into 5 domains (cognitive, receptive communication, expressive communication, fine motor, and gross motor); items are approximately ordered by difficulty, and a child’s age determines the first item administered in each domain; the test continues until 5 consecutive items are missed (Veldhuizen, Bedard, Rodriguez, and Cairney, 2017). For both the ChIPS and BSID-III, adult utilization would not be realistic based on the language levels of the interviews as well as the functional assessments (e.g., stacking blocks or organizing by color as done in the BSID-III) would not be helpful in diagnosing an adult client. Working with Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay Discussions.

Treatment modalities can be similar or very different when comparing the child and adolescent population with the adult population. One such difference is noted in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). According to Sadock, Sadock, and Ruiz (2015), only the long-acting forms stimulants are Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved in the treatment of ADHD in adults. This means that the more commonly known treatments for ADHD such as Ritalin and Adderall are not approved treatment options in their immediate release forms in adults, but they are highly popular in the school-aged population. Additionally, such stimulants are poor choices in the adult population due to the possibility of co-existing medical conditions, substance use disorders, and risk of diversion or illegal use (McGough, 2016). Another treatment difference between adults and the child population deals with treatment resistant depression. A currently popular option for treating adults with such depression is transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Daily, repetitive, left prefrontal, high-frequency TMS is a standard, FDA-cleared treatment for major depressive disorder in adults (22 years of age or older) who have failed to improve with prior antidepressant treatment (Croarkin et al., 2018). Unfortunately, despite some promising trials in the adolescent age range, this has yet to be approved for adolescents or children.

Parental involvement can either be harmful or helpful in the treatment of children and adolescents. While it is assumed that all parents want the best for their children, sometimes preconceived notions, social stigma, and inaccurate beliefs can limit the mental health professional’s role in proper treatment. Essentially, up until the age of 18, parents are responsible for their children’s care, compliance, and decision-making. On the other hand, parents can provide a wealth of knowledge into past history, treatment success/ failures, and current insight in treatment responses. Attempting to maintain a good provider relationship with both the client and the parental system is crucial in all treatments. Working with Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay Discussions.

References

Croarkin, P.E., Nakonezny, P.A., Deng, Z., Romanowicz, M., Voort, J.V., Camsari, D.D., & … Lewis, C.P. (2018). High-frequency repetitive TMS for suicidal ideation in adolescents with depression. 
Journal of Affective Disorders, 239
282-290. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.06.048

McGough, J.J. (2016). Treatment controversies in adult ADHD. 
American Journal of Psychiatry, 173
(10), 960-966. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15091207

Sadock, B.J., Sadock, V.A., & Ruiz, P. (2015). 
Kaplan & Sadock’s Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/ Clinical Psychiatry 
(11
th
 ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

Veldhuizen, S., Bedard, C., Rodriguez, C., & Cairney, J. (2017). Psychological distress and parent reporting on child health: The case of developmental delay. 
Research in Developmental Disabilities, 63
11-17. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2017.02.006

Young, M.E., Bell, Z.E., & Fristad, M.A. (2016). Validation of a brief structured interview: The Children’s Interview for Psychiatric Syndromes (ChIPS). 
Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 23
(4), 327-340. doi:10.1007/s10880-016-9474-7

 

essay 3

Explain why a developmental assessment of children and adolescents is important.

            
A developmental assessment is used to map a child’s progress by comparing them with children of similar age. According to Sadock, Sadock, and Ruiz (2014),
 
the hypothesis of human development is based on the continuous interaction between genetics and environmental experiences.  Benchmarks and standardized procedures are used to assess developmental milestones such as speech, movement, cognitive function, academic achievement, behavior, and emotions.    A thorough assessment is used to determine developmental delays or other psychopathologies and assist clinical judgment for appropriate treatment planning. Working with Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay Discussions.

Describe two assessment instruments and explain why they are used for children and adolescents but not adults. 

From birth to adulthood, children are continuously developing and maturing through changes in emotions, behaviors, and intelligence.  Due to the differences in the child and adult brain, many assessment instruments must be geared towards certain age groups.  For example, the Children’s Apperception Test (CAT) is a personality test used in children ages three to 10 years (Bellak & Bellak, 1949).   The CAT test uses pictures of animals in which the child can use to tell a story to assess possible relationship issues.  It is believed that children of this age respond better to animals than humans, which is why they were used in this assessment tool.  It is difficult for young children to express attitudes and feelings, therefore, projective techniques are often used for evaluation.

Other assessment tools that are specific for children are the Home Situations Questionnaire (HSQ-R) and School Situations Questionnaire (SSQ-R), used in ages six to 12 years old to assess Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).  These tools provide checklists and rating scales for teachers and parents to complete in response to a child’s behavior in the home and school setting (Adams & McCarthy, 1995).  The use of these scales in the adult population would not be applicable. Working with Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay Discussions.

Describe two treatment options for children and adolescents that may not be used when treating adults.

One treatment that is often used with children is Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) for expressive language impairment (Sadock, Sadock, & Ruiz, 2014).    Allen and Marshall (2011) discovered that the use of PCIT is also helpful for children with behavioral issues such as anger, aggression, and defiance.  PCIT helps parents improve interactions with their children through bud in the ear training with skills such as praising positive behavior, reflecting and expanding on the child’s words to facilitate communication, and showing genuine enthusiasm in activities with their child.  Research has shown PCIT to help in building self-esteem, reducing outbursts, and improving social skills and effective communication. Working with Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay Discussions,

Another treatment that is specific to children is TEACH, which is used for autism spectrum disorder (ASD).  Children with ASD have difficulty with perception, often hindering their learning in school.  Developed in 1970, TEACH is a structured learning technique that uses a picture schedule and other visual aids to support the learning process.  TEACH also helps children to develop more socially appropriate responses and foster autonomy (Sadock, Sadock, & Ruiz, 2014).

Explain the role parents play in assessment and treatment.

Interviewing children and adolescents in the psychiatric setting presents many challenges for the practitioner.  Depending on a child’s developmental level, it can be difficult for them to create a timeline of their symptoms.  According to Bellman, Byrne, and Sege (2013), parents serve as the best source of information, and their concerns about developmental and behavioral issues are usually correct. Typically, the parents are interviewed to obtain a chronological representation of the client’s growth and development.  Parents can shed light on any stressors or major events in the child’s life along with prior psychiatric or medical illnesses.  It is necessary for the interview with the parents to include information from their own development, viewpoint of family dynamics, marital history, and psychiatric history of the family (Sadock, Sadock, & Ruiz, 2014).  In addition, the clinician can observe the interactions between the child and parent to assess any interpersonal issues that may be present. Working with Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay Discussions.

Once all the information has been gathered, an appropriate treatment plan can be developed.  Parents must consent to treatment for minor children under the age of 18.  Sadock, Sadock, and Ruiz (2014) find that a child’s success in overcoming difficulties greatly depends on the psychological education and cooperation of the client’s family.   Parents play an important role not only in the interview process but also as a catalyst for implementing effective treatment interventions. Working with Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay Discussions.

 

 

References

Adams, C. D., & McCarthy, M. (1995). Adolescent versions of the Home and School Situations Questionnaires: Initial psychometric.. 
Journal Of Clinical Child Psychology
, 
24
(4), 377.

Allen, J., & Marshall, C.R. (2011). Parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) in school-aged children with specific language impairment. 
International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders
, 46(4), 397-410. DOI: 10.3109/13682822.2010.517600

Bellak, L., & Bellak, S. S. (1949). Children’s Apperception Test.

Bellman, M., Byrne, O., & Sege, R. (2013). Developmental assessment of children. 
Bmj
, 
346
, e8687.

Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2014). 
Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry 
(11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

 

essay 4

Developmental Assessment of Children

A developmental assessment is critical to personalize the treatment and support services for children. Developmental disorders can present significant challenges for the assessment and treatment, and a thorough evaluation may help in structuring therapy to best meet the client’s needs, may impact treatment goals, and impact behavioral/cognitive interventions in therapy and at school (Sadcock, Sadcock, & Ruiz, 2014). Therefore, understanding the development of the child is essential in developing the treatment plan. Working with Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay Discussions.

Assessment Tools

The Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Ed., Parent Rating Scales (BASC-2) is often used for children in determining if the child falls within the autism spectrum disorder. The BASC-2 is formatted to evaluate children aged 2 years 6 months to 18 years and is used regularly in my current precepting location. Input is also gathered from the parents, the child’s assessment, and from the teacher. This specific version of the scale obtains parental input (Golden, Matson, Konst, & Adams, 2014). Working with Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay Discussions’

Another scale often utilized in practice includes the Connors Abbreviated Parent-Teacher Rating Scale for ADHD. This scale should not be used alone. It is essential to obtain a careful developmental history for correct diagnosis of ADHD since children are prone to rapid and uneven developmental change (Sparrow & Erhardt, 2014). Some believe that ADHD is often misdiagnosed for bipolar disorder. It may be beneficial to also utilize The Child Bipolar Questionnaire- Version 2.0 to differentiate ADHD from bipolar disorder (Papolos & Papolos, 2006).

Treatment Options

Some treatment options vary from those that are available for adults.  Studies have shown that stimulant use for ADHD generally does not produce euphoria in children and children are less likely to abuse stimulant ADHD medication (Sareen & Trivedi, 2013). Considering this information and from my experience, pediatric providers are less fearful of prescribing stimulants to children for ADHD. In fact, my preceptor refuses to prescribe stimulants to adults without previous substantiated history of ADHD and stimulant prescription. Even then, she limits prescriptions to every 30 days and mandates drug screening for adults. Working with Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay Discussions.

Trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) is designed for children and adolescents and not validated for adults (Allen, 2018). Therapeutic methods that are endorsed by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) for adults include CBT components of exposure and prolonged exposure therapy, cognitive restructuring, cognitive reprocessing and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR) (2017).Working with Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay Discussions.

Parental Role in Treatment

Parents are key to the success of pediatric psychiatric treatments. First, much of the pediatric history and assessment is obtained from the caregivers, especially with young children. Parents often oversee medication administration and are key to medication adherence and compliance. Also, pediatric treatments are more successful with parental participation and agreement (De Nadai et al, 2017). For example, TF-CBT includes the parents in treatment and is more successful if parents are included, but their participation is not essential for treatment (Allen, 2018). ,

References

 

Allen, B. (2018). Implementing trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) with preteen children displaying problematic sexual behavior. 
Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 25, 
240-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2017.07.001

De Nadai, A.S., Karver, M.S., Murphy, T.K., Cavitt, M.A., Alvaro, J.L., Bengston, M., …Storch, E.A. (2017). Common factors in pediatric psychiatry: A review of essential and adjunctive mechanisms of treatment outcome. 
Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 27
(1), 10-18. doi:  10.1089/cap.2015.0263

Golden, R.L., Matson, J.L., Konst, M.J., & Adams, H.L. (2014). A comparison of children and adolescents with ASD, atypical development, and typical development on the Behavioral Assessment for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2). 
Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8
(8), 951-957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.04.005. Working with Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay Discussions.

Papolos, D., & Papolos, J. (2006). 
The Bipolar Child: The Definitive and Reassuring Guide to Childhood’s Most Misunderstood Disorder. 
New York, New York: Broadway Books.

Sadcock, B. J., Sadcock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2014). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry (11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

Sareen, H. & Trivedi, J.K. (2013). Child psychopharmacology: Is it more similar than different from adult psychopharmacology? 
Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 55
(3), 301-304. doi:  10.4103/0019-5545.117158

Sparrow, E.P. & Erhardt, D. (2014). 
Essentials of ADHD Assessment for Children and Adolescents
. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley.

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2017). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/treatment/mental-disorders/post-traumatic-stress-disorder#evidence-based-treatments

essay 5. Working with Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay Discussions.

Introduction

The early years of a child’s life are crucial for his or her health and development. If a child has a developmental delay, it is essential to identify it early so that the child and family can receive needed intervention services and support (CDC, 2018). The purpose of this post is to review different types of assessment tools and treatment options for child and adolescent patients.

Why Developmental assessment of children and adolescent important

Developmental assessment is a part of comprehensive medical care, and it is a process of mapping a child’s performance compared with children of a similar age from a similar population (CDC, 2018). It is crucial because it helps to highlight the normal developmental pattern and timings. It also enables healthcare provider to identify areas of regression or areas of selected impairment that will warrant the provider to refer the child/adolescent to a specialist for evaluation (CDC, 2018). The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that health care providers should monitor the child’s development at each visit, periodically screen children with validated tools to identify any areas of concern that may require a further examination or evaluation, and ensure that more comprehensive developmental evaluations are completed if risks are identified (CDC, 2018). Working with Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay Discussions.

 

Assessment Instruments

The two-assessment instruments that are used specifically for children and adolescent are Pictorial Instrument for children and Adolescents (PICA-111-R), and Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment. (CAPA). Both assessment tools can be used for diagnosis purposes per DSM-V standard.

The PICA-111-R assessment tool is used in children and adolescents between the ages of 6 and 16 years. This instrument is made up of 137 pictures which assess clients to rate how well the images relate to them (Sadock, Sadock, & Ruiz, 2014). The 137 pictures in this assessment tool are organized in modules and covers five diagnostic categories which include disorders of anxiety, mood, psychosis, disruptive behavior, and substance abuse. Working with Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay Discussions.

The other instrument CAPA assessment tool is used for children 9 to 17 years of age and focuses on symptoms occurring during the preceding three months period. It is useful in the assessment of a wide range of psychiatric disorders like sleep disorder, anxiety disorder, mood disorder eating disorder, disruptive disorder. Schizophrenia and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), etc.  and takes about one hour to complete (Sadock et al., 2014). Working with Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay Discussions.

The reason why these instruments are useful for children and adolescent and not adults have a lot to do with developmental stages and assessment parameters. The 137 pictures contained in PICA-111-R is helpful for children and adolescents than adults because children and adults may have a tougher time identifying their emotions than in adults.

Two Treatment Options for Children and Adolescents

Play Therapy is one of the treatment options used in children and adolescent and is not used in adults. Play Therapy uses toys, dolls, puppets, coloring and drawing, blocks, and games to help the child verbalize their feelings (Nichols, 2014). Playing allows the child to be comfortable with the therapist and gives them an opportunity to work out their conflicts, feelings, and behaviors (Nichols, 2014).

Another treatment option available is Triple P Positive Parenting Program. It is a form of parent training program that is designed to prevent severe behavioral, emotional, and developmental problems in children by promoting their knowledge, skills, and the confidence of parents (Aghebati, Gharraee, Hakim Shoshtari, & Gohari, 2014).  Findings reveal that Triple P is a useful program in improving parenting style, mother-child relationship, and decreasing maternal depression, anxiety, stress, and children’s misbehavior (Aghebati et al., 2014). Working with Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay Discussions.

 

Role of Parents

The role parents play in the treatment and assessment of children and adolescents cannot be over emphasized. They are often present in the assessment sessions, and the observation of the child-parent interactions is an essential aspect of the assessment. They assist health care providers to make decisions and arrive at treatment plan. They serve as a co-provider to continue intervention at home. They also help to support the child’s behavior change efforts (e.g. providing reminders to the child to use coping strategies) (Haine-Schlagel, & Walsh, 2015). Research has proved that parent participation in the treatment and assessment of their children and adolescents have shown greater outcome in the improvement of their children (Haine-Schlagel, & Walsh, 2015). Working with Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay Discussions.

Conclusion

It is crucial to note that assessment tools do not and cannot replace an actual assessment but rather serves as a means of helping providers to formulate an accurate diagnosis (Sadock et al., 2014). Without performing developmental assessments practitioners would have no way of knowing if a child is progressing through expected developmental stages. Also, if there is a breakdown in the progression this could lead to the development of a successful treatment plan for the child if it is known where and at what stage the breakdown occurred. Working with Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay Discussions.

 

References

 

Aghebati, A., Gharraee, B., Hakim Shoshtari, M., & Gohari, M. R. (2014). Triple P-Positive Parenting Program for Mothers of ADHD Children. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 8(1), 59–65.

 

Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2018). Developmental Monitoring and Screening. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/childdevelopment/facts.html

 

Haine-Schlagel, R., & Walsh, N. E. (2015). A Review of Parent Participation Engagement in Child and Family Mental Health Treatment. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 18(2), 133–150. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-015-0182-x

 

Nichols, M. (2014). 
The essentials of family therapy
 (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson. Working with Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay Discussions

 

Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2014). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: Working with Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay Discussions.

Treatment of psychiatric emergencies in children versus adult sample essay discussion assignments

Discussion: Treatment of Psychiatric Emergencies in Children Versus Adults

The diagnosis of psychiatric emergencies can include a wide range of problems—from serious drug reactions to abuse and suicidal ideation/behaviors. Regardless of care setting, the PMHNP must know how to address emergencies, coordinate care with other members of the health care team and law enforcement officials (when indicated), and effectively communicate with family members who are often overwhelmed in emergency situations. Treatment of psychiatric emergencies in children versus adult sample essay discussion assignments.

In this week’s Discussion, you compare treatment of adult psychiatric emergency clients to child or adolescent psychiatric emergency clients.

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Learning Objectives

Students will:

Compare treatment of adult psychiatric emergency clients to child or adolescent psychiatric emergency clients

Analyze legal and ethical issues concerning treatment of child or adolescent psychiatric emergency clients

To Prepare
:

Review the Learning Resources concerning emergency psychiatric medicine. Treatment of psychiatric emergencies in children versus adult sample essay discussion assignments.

Consider a case where your adult client had a psychiatric emergency. (
Note:
 If you have not had an adult client with a psychiatric emergency, ask your preceptor to describe one of their clients with a psychiatric emergency to use as an example for this Discussion.)

Note: 
For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the “Post to Discussion Question” link and then select “Create Thread” to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts and cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking 
Submit
! Treatment of psychiatric emergencies in children versus adult sample essay discussion assignments.

By Day 3

Post
:

Briefly describe the case you selected.

Explain how you would treat the client differently if he or she were a child or adolescent.

Explain any legal or ethical issues you would have to consider when working with a child or adolescent emergency case.

Treatment of psychiatric emergencies in children versus adult sample essay discussion assignments

By Day 6

Respond
 to at least 
two
 of your colleagues by recommending at least one additional way you would treat a child or adolescent client differently than you would an adult and at least one additional way you would address the legal and ethical issues involved.

sample 1

Treatment of Psychiatric Emergencies in Children versus Adults

There are significant differences when dealing with children and adolescents versus adults, even though there are many approaches to emergencies that are similar. A psychiatric emergency is a disturbance of mood, behavior, or thought which may lead to harm to the individual or others if untreated (Sadock, Sadock, & Ruiz, 2014).  In both pediatric and adult psychiatric emergencies, the clinician must ensure the safety of everyone involved (Chun, Katz, Duffy, 2014). As clinicians, one has to be able to recognize a clinical emergency and respond with the level of expediency and urgency that the situation determines is clinically appropriate. Treatment of psychiatric emergencies in children versus adult sample essay discussion assignments.

Briefly describe the case you selected

The patient is an 18years old Hispanic female presented with a suicide attempt by cutting her left wrist. Patient reports that she had arguments with her boyfriend throughout the week and was feeling severely depressed with suicidal ideation. Patient reports that she drove and cut her wrist in the car and her boyfriend rushed her to our hospital emergency room. She has a 7months old child without a support system except for the boyfriend that mistreats her. Patient has lost appetite, difficulty sleeping and feeling hopelessness and worthlessness. Treatment of psychiatric emergencies in children versus adult sample essay discussion assignments.

Explain how you would treat the client differently if he or she were a child or adolescent
.

The treatment of adult psychiatric emergency is the same as adolescents, in which as clinician l will still do the assessment and evaluation by using assessment tools appropriate for the patients presented problems. The difference here is that for adults, there is no need for interviewing the guardians as you will do with children or adolescents. A violent adult requires a different approach than a child/adolescent. With an adult, we may require stronger people to restrain the patient to administer the medication. For suicidal patients, adults have more experience and are more knowledgeable about different plans for suicide.as such, for any suicidal ideation for an adult or a child should be taken seriously and treated differently. Treatment of psychiatric emergencies in children versus adult sample essay discussion assignments.

Explain any legal or ethical issues you would have to consider when working with a child or adolescent emergency case

Ethically children and adolescent deserve respect for their autonomy rights. However, parents must consent to treatment and the health care provider treating the child should make every reasonable effort to obtain and document informed consent. ( American Academy of Pediatrics, 2015). Also as a Nurse Practioner its legal when working on a patient who presents with the severe risk for harm to self or others, confidentiality requirements no longer apply. The NP may disclose information gathered by patients to caregivers, and they may obtain information from others (friends, family, caregiver, school personnel, and counselors) without obtaining consent from the patient or guardians (Chun, Katz, and Duffy, 2014). Treatment of psychiatric emergencies in children versus adult sample essay discussion assignments.

References:

American Academy of Pediatrics. (2015). Consent for emergency medical services for children and adolescents. Pediatrics, 128(2), 427-433. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-1166

Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2014). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry (11th Ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer

Chun, T., Katz, E. &  Duffy. (2014). Pediatric mental health emergencies and special health care needs. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3792398. Treatment of psychiatric emergencies in children versus adult sample essay discussion assignments.

sample 2

The PMHNP should consider any situation in which an individual present with thoughts, feelings, and actions requiring immediate therapeutic intervention as a psychiatric emergency. The focus of this post is to describe the treatment of an adult patient who presented at the field training site with an emergency situation. 
 
The documentation includes the explanation of the different approaches the PMHNP should utilize and any legal or ethical issues to consider in treating the patient if she is child or adolescent. 
 Treatment of psychiatric emergencies in children versus adult sample essay discussion assignments.

Briefly Describe the Case you Selected

RI is a 45 years old African American female who came for an unscheduled visit to the clinic for psychiatric treatment with her nineteen years old daughter. She lives with her children and husband. She sat in a fetal position, holding her head and crying. Her daughter reports that her younger sister is violent and had knocked one of her teeth out. She also said that sister has gone to jail and lives with them now. Patient confirmed that her younger daughter has legal problems. The patient is anxious that her younger child living in the family is a safety issue for the rest of the family. She reported poor appetite and not drinking. When she spoke, she utters one word at a time in a low voice. 
 
She denies hallucination. She walked in independently with her facing the ground. She is guarded with her emotion; her voice is soft, has delayed speech, content is appropriate, denies SI, HI. Treatment of psychiatric emergencies in children versus adult sample essay discussion assignments. Judgment and insight are good. The patient hair is short, dyed with golden and pink color and shaped into a style. The mood is dysphoric, affect is blunted, memory and concentration are fair. When discussing her mode of transportation to the GW Emergency Department (GWED), she said that her husband would not answer the phone until around 11 am during break time. The patient is in support not to drive self to the hospital. Alert and oriented x 4. 
 
Diagnosis- Bipolar Disorder, current depression, severe; PTSD. The patient agreed to the recommendation to go to GWED for evaluation and possible inpatient hospitalization. Plan of Care includes referral to GWED for stabilization. Placing a call to the ER and giving the ED psychiatrist report.

Explain How you Would Treat the Client Differently if He or She Were a Child or Adolescent

As with adult evaluations, the child or adolescent’s safety should be established and ensured first before proceeding with an interview. In treating the child or adolescent in the with the same psychiatric symptoms, the writer will ask the parent to take the child or adolescent to the emergency department for treatment. 
 
Sadock, Sadock, and Ruiz (2014) noted that hospitalization is necessary when a child who dissociates is self-destructive. In the USA, emergency departments provide care for individuals during acute mental health crises. Chun, Katz, and Duffy (2013) supported that criteria for immediate referral of children and adolescents for an inpatient psychiatric admission include severely hopeless, ongoing agitation, inability to engage in discussion around safety planning, and inadequate support system/ability to adequate monitoring and follow-up.
 Treatment of psychiatric emergencies in children versus adult sample essay discussion assignments.

Explain any Legal or Ethical Issues you Would Have to Consider When Working With a Child or Adolescent Emergency Case

The PMHNP faces ethical challenges when providing services to a minor. State laws governing consents for treatment and commitment procedures are not universal. Hem, Molewijk, and Pedersen (2014) argued it is ethically challenging for the health professionals to stop including the parents in the treatment, after consenting because their child turns sixteen and refuses for the providers to include the parents in the care. 
 
The provider at the same time was holding the parents accountable for the admission cost of treatment. The PMHNP should facilize self with the state laws in the areas of his or her practice. In Washington DC, if the parent refuses to send the child to the hospital, the PMHNP must insist and emergency petition (FD12) the patient. The receiving hospital should contact the parent to come and sign voluntary admission papers and notifies the child protective services if not in contact with the parents or they are refusing to come. 
 
Also, the Title 22A DCMR authorized the PMHNP to provide emergency mental health services after the receipt of “Emergency Opinion,” except if a religious belief is a basis for the refusal of treatment (DC Department of Mental Health, n.d.). Emergency opinion is a written opinion from the referral provider that delaying treatment due to unviable consent is likely to result in serious injury to the patient. In DC, also a person under 18-year-old who seeks or receives mental health services can lawfully consent to and make treatment decisions.
 

Summary

Minors and adults with mental health problems are increasingly being evaluated and treated by both the PMHNP outpatient clinics and emergency department. In the office setting, the level of care determines when to send patients to the emergency room.

References

Chun, T. H, Katz, E. R., & Duffy, S. J. (2013). Pediatric
 

 
mental health emergencies and special health care needs.

Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24093903

DC Department of Mental Health. (n.d.). DMH rules-consent to treat.
 
 Retrieved
 

From https://dbh.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/dmh/publication/attachments/DCR11245.pdf

Hem, M. H., Molewijk, B., & Pedersen, R. (2014). Ethical challenges in
 

connection with the use of coercion: A focus group study of health care personnel in mental health care.
 
BMC Medical Ethics
, 15. Retrieved from
 
https://ezp.waldenulibrary.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2014-56498-001&site=eds-live&scope=site

Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2014). Kaplan &
 

Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry
(11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

 

sample 3

 

Emergency psychiatric case

Rachel a 28-year-old Caucasian was brought to the facility presenting with tachycardia, hypertension, agitation which progressed to altered consciousness levels and difficulty in breathing. The parents had brought the drug bottle that they assumed must have been the cause of the presenting symptoms. Rachel had been diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder six months ago. She had been in and out of the mental health institutions for the treatment of depression due to lack of drug adherence. Two weeks before being brought as an emergency case, Rachel had been discharged home from the mental facility and had a significant improvement. The father reports that Rachel started presenting with fatigue, sadness, having negative thoughts about life and inability to do anything constructive following her ex-boyfriend’s visit. Rachel reported being tied of men and she wished she could live without men around her. The following day Rachel took all of her tricyclic antidepressants which lead to emergency psychiatric care. Treatment of psychiatric emergencies in children versus adult sample essay discussion assignments.

Difference in management

If Rachel was a child or an adolescent, the assessment could have been performed differently. The assessment of the child and adolescents differs with that of the adults. The children are unable to provide clear history basing on the age and the developmental stage (Kola, Kola, Petrela, and Zaimi, 2013). The assessment of child and adolescents involves inquiring of information from various sources such as the teachers, parents. The children usually show few warning signs towards suicide attempts as compared to the adults. The child specific screening tools should be used for the interviews following management of the life threatening symptoms. The assessment period should be shorter and the questions should be shorter depending with the child’s cognitive functions. Other than interviewing the child, the health care professional should also interview the child’s caregivers, parents, family and teachers (Jans, Taneli, and Warnke, 2015). In case the child had taken an overdose of medications, the antidote that is used for the adults is the same that will be used for the child with the difference in terms of dosage. The suicide attempts are common among the young adults and the health care professionals would manage Rachel as inpatient case. On the other hand, the child may be managed in the outpatient department following assessment of the family, social and environmental factors (Wolfe, Foxwell, Kennard, 2014). Treatment of psychiatric emergencies in children versus adult sample essay discussion assignments.

Ethical issues:

Maintaining confidentiality of the child’s information is of great importance just like that of the adults. The healthcare worker should therefore explain the various situations under which the confidentiality can be breached. The informed consent should also be signed when managing both the child and the adult. If the child has not met the age to consent to make his/her medical decisions, the parents can sign the informed consent. The parents and the child may refuse medical services. In this case, the nurse can intervene by managing the client’s condition if the laws and regulations of their state allows.

References

Jans, T., Taneli, Y., and Warnke, A. (2015). Suicide and self-harming behavior. In: Rey JM, editor. IACAPAP e-Textbook of Child and Adolescent mental health, Geneva. 
International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions ,
4: 1-34.

Kola, V., Kola, E., Petrela, E., and Zaimi, E. (2013). Trends of attempted suicide in Albarian children and adolescents. 
Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,
 4: 39-44. Treatment of psychiatric emergencies in children versus adult sample essay discussion assignments.

Wolfe, K.L., Foxwell, A., Kennard, B. (2014). Identifying and treating risk factors for suicidal behaviors in youth. 
International Journal of behavioral consultation and therapy
, 9(6): 11-14.

 

sample 4

Psychiatric Emergencies

Just like medical emergencies, psychiatric emergency is an acute mental problems that need to be dealt with immediately to prevent more damages. Murtaza et al (2018), the American Psychiatric Association defines a psychiatric emergency as “an acute disturbance in thought, behavior, mood, or social relationship, which requires immediate intervention as described by the patient, family, or social unit”. The following are some of the mental problems that need immediate evaluation and treatments, suicidal behaviors, agitation, psychosis, mania, substance use, and anxiety. Treatment of psychiatric emergencies in children versus adult sample essay discussion assignments.

SELECTED CASE: For this discussion, I selected a case that I witnessed last semester during the course NURS 6650. This particular case involved a Black American male veteran that leave alone, came in through the Emergency room for suicide ideation. The patient came in by himself, stating that he had been having this thought for the past two days, that he is better off dead than living, and he planned to kill himself with his gun at home. But each time the thought come through his mind, he could not carry it out when he thinks about his aged mother, who need his help to survive. The patient past psychiatric history include, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Alcohol dependence.

TREATMENT: Margret & Hilt (2018), there are no medications to primarily treat suicidality or self-harm behaviors. Even though, there is no medication approved yet for suicide ideation, the patient was admitted into the hospital for proper monitoring, due to the fact that the patient leave alone, with a gun in the house, which he had admitted to be the weapon he planned to kill himself with. Treatment of psychiatric emergencies in children versus adult sample essay discussion assignments.

CHILD OR ADOLESCENT TREATMENT: The treatment might be different if this patient happened to be child or adolescent that leave with his/her parents at home. First and foremost, there will be need to get the parents consent before an admission can even start. In case of a child or adolescent that leave with parents thorough evaluation of the stressors need to be done, by making sure the problem is not coming from the parents themselves. Margret and Hilt (2018), Emotional abuse and neglect: repeated patterns of behaviors by caregivers that convey worthlessness, unwantedness, or value placed only when meeting other’s needs. Neglect can be physical, emotional, medical, safety, and educational as determined comprehensively.

If after abuse has been rule out as the cause of the suicide and home is adjudge to be safe, then it will not be necessary to admit the patient. The patient can be managed as an outpatient care. Sadock et al (2014), when the child is brought to the emergency room, a detailed and spontaneous account of the injury should be obtained promptly from parents or other caregivers before secondary details and rationalizations cloud the information provided. It is paramount for the clinician to obtain necessary information from both the child and parents. Treatment of psychiatric emergencies in children versus adult sample essay discussion assignments.

LEGAL/ETHICAL ISSUES: The common legal/ethical issues to be considered when dealing with children and adolescents are Confidentiality and Parent consent. The clinician needs to be well abreast of the laws in his/her jurisdiction as it relate to children and adolescents. An Emancipation minor in some States does not need a parent consent for care, and clinician are not obligated to divulge his/her medical history to his/her parents without proper consent from the Emancipated minor. Murtaza et al (2018), a successful managed psychiatric emergency results in a solid physician-patient rapport and a concomitant improvement in the patient’s symptoms, as well as improved ability to report accurate history and participate in treatment planning. Treatment of psychiatric emergencies in children versus adult sample essay discussion assignments.

 

References:

Sadock, B.J., Sadock, V.A., & Ruiz, P. (2014). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry (11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters.

Murtaza, S., Aoshima, A., Saunders, J., Shah, A.A., & Moukaddam, N. (2018). Treatment of psychiatric emergencies. Psychiatry Annals, 48(1), 28-35. Retrieved from the Walden University Library databases. Treatment of psychiatric emergencies in children versus adult sample essay discussion assignments.

Margret, C.P., & Hilt, R. (2018). Evaluation and management pf psychiatric emergencies in children. Pediatric Annals, 47(8), 328-333. Retrieved from the Walden University Library databases.

Moukaddam, N. Shah, A., & Shah, A.A. (2018). Emergency psychiatric: How far have we come? Psychiatric Annals, 48(1), 63-68. Retrieved from the Walden University Library databases.

 

sample 5

 

Treatment of Psychiatric Emergencies in Children Versus Adults

A psychiatric emergency encompasses psychotic episodes including agitation, aggression and violent behavior that accompany psychiatric, medical disorders or behaviors (Patel, Sethi, Barnes, Dix, Dratcu, Fox & Wilson-Jones, 2018). Both adult and child psychiatric emergency is a major concern for healthcare practitioner. Child and adolescent pose a significant burden approaching a projection of one among the five leading causes of disability by 2020 (Margret & Hilt, 2018). Verbal and non-verbal collaborative approaches are effective in treating psychiatric emergency in both populations (Pata el, Sethi, Barnes, Dix, R., Dratcu, Fox & Wilson-Jones, 2018). Practitioners must follow consensus guidelines and age-appropriate interventions in managing psychotic emergencies. Treatment of psychiatric emergencies in children versus adult sample essay discussion assignments.

Psychiatric Emergency of a 36-year-old Adult Male

            
A 36-year-old Hispanic male was brought to the emergency department in the acute psychiatric hospital by a police officer due to aggression and explosive outburst. The patient was physically assaultive to his parents, threatening to kill them and kill himself. The parents called local police who filed a warrant on the patient, and he was checked into the hospital. At the intake, the patient became violent threatening to hit intake staff and refused to come to the unit. Code white (Psychiatric Emergency Code) was called. The staff and police restrained the patient, handcuffed and brought him to the unit. He was secluded in the unit, and emergency medication was administered to calm him down, induce sleep and decrease psychosis. Evidence shows that de-escalation and rapid tranquilization are the verbal and non-verbal collaborative measures that have yielded positive results in stabilizing patients during a psychiatric emergency (Patel, Sethi, Barnes, Dix, R., Dratcu, Fox & Wilson-Jones, 2018). Treatment of psychiatric emergencies in children versus adult sample essay discussion assignments.

Treatment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Emergencies

Psychotic episodes in children and adolescent can be related to developmental age, adaptive abilities, drug-induced or comorbid conditions (Margret & Hilt, 2018). Children or exhibiting adolescent agitation or aggressive behavior should be approached in a calm and non-threatening manner by a nonjudgmental adult (Sadock, Sadock, & Ruiz, 2014). This case presents two levels of emergencies and decisions. A warrant may not have been filed in the patient if he is a child or adolescent, and the parents’ consent to treatment. The second level of decision is the patient’s emergency during admission. There is a high likelihood that children and adolescents can be harmed by physical restraint and medications, unlike an adult. The practitioner should be aware of all the reasons that may contribute to aggression during admissions such as separation anxiety or fear of stranger (Sadock, Sadock, & Ruiz, 2014). Verbal de-escalation could have been used to debrief and decrease the anxiety of the patient. The patient could be calmly approached by staff. Then if the patient is a child, the parents could be asked to accompany him to the unit. Right in the unit, the nurse could talk to the patient on 1:1 in the quiet room. Oriented to the unit/room, introduction to peers/staff and contingency contract can resolve the situation. Evidence-based information shows that environmental modification, verbal interventions such as the provision of calm milieu are the first-line efficacious approach in managing a psychiatric emergency in children and adolescents (Margret & Hilt, 2018).

Legal or Ethical Consideration during Child or Adolescent Emergency Case.

It is important for the practitioner to consider the developmental level, psychosocial and neurodevelopmental conditions that may contribute to a child or adolescent psychiatric emergency (Sheridan, Sheridan, Johnson, & Marshall, 2017). A thorough assessment is needed to rule out medical conditions and to direct appropriate intervention in the absence of psychiatric disorder (Sheridan, Sheridan, Johnson, & Marshall, 2017). Due to the fragility of children and adolescent the practitioner should strive to limit the use of physical or chemical restraints and make referrals to available specialized services such as psychotherapy to prevent psychiatric emergency and its burden (Sheridan, Sheridan, Johnson, & Marshall, 2017). Treatment of psychiatric emergencies in children versus adult sample essay discussion assignments.

References

Margret, C. P., & Hilt, R. (2018). Evaluation and Management of Psychiatric Emergencies in Children. 
Pediatric Annals
, 
47
(8), e328–e333. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.3928/19382359-20180709-01

Patel, M. X., Sethi, F. N., Barnes, T. R. E., Dix, R., Dratcu, L., Fox, B., … Wilson-Jones, C. (2018). Joint BAP NAPICU evidence-based consensus guidelines for the clinical management of acute disturbance: De-escalation and rapid tranquillisation. 
Journal of Psychopharmacology, 
32(6), 601–640. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1177/0269881118776738. Treatment of psychiatric emergencies in children versus adult sample essay discussion assignments.

Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2014). 
Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry 
(11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

Sheridan, J. S., Sheridan, D. C., Johnson, K. P., & Marshall, R. D. (2017). Can’t We Just Get Some Help? Providing Innovative Care to Children in Acute Psychiatric Crisis. 
Health & Social Work
, 
42
(3), 177–181. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1093/hsw/hlx025. Treatment of psychiatric emergencies in children versus adult sample essay discussion assignments.

Assignment 1: “Captain of the Ship” Project – Depressive Disorder

As nurse practitioners strive to achieve full-autonomous practice across the country, it should be noted that many states grant this ability to practice independently to psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners. To that end, you will be engaging in projects this semester that assume that you are practicing in a state that allows full-practice authority for NPs, meaning that the PMHNP may be the “captain of the ship” concerning caring for a patient population. The “captain of the ship” is the one who makes referrals to specialists, coordinates care for their patients/clients, and is responsible and accountable for patient/client outcomes overall. This is a decided change from a few decades ago when physicians were the “captain of the ship” and NPs played a peripheral role. Assignment 1: “Captain of the Ship” Project – Depressive Disorder.

ORDER A CUSTOM-WRITTEN PAPER NOW

In this Assignment, you will become the “captain of the ship” as you provide treatment recommendations and identify medical management, community support resources, and follow-up plans for a client with a depression disorder.

Assignment 1: “Captain of the Ship” Project – Depressive Disorder Learning Objectives

Students will:

Recommend psychopharmacologic treatments based on therapeutic endpoints for clients with depression disorders

Recommend psychotherapy based on therapeutic endpoints for clients with depression disorders

Identify medical management needs for clients with depression disorders

Identify community support resources for clients with depression disorders

Recommend follow-up plans for clients with depression disorders

Assignment 1: “Captain of the Ship” Project – Depressive Disorder

To prepare for this Assignment 1: “Captain of the Ship” Project – Depressive Disorder:

Select an adult or older adult client with a depressive disorder you have seen in your practicum.

In 3–4 pages, write a treatment plan for your client in which you do the following:

Describe the HPI and clinical impression for the client.

Recommend psychopharmacologic treatments and describe specific and therapeutic endpoints for your psychopharmacologic agent. (This should relate to HPI and clinical impression.)

Recommend psychotherapy choices (individual, family, and group) and specific therapeutic endpoints for your choices.

Identify medical management needs, including primary care needs, specific to this client.

Identify community support resources (housing, socioeconomic needs, etc.) and community agencies that are available to assist the client. Assignment 1: “Captain of the Ship” Project – Depressive Disorder.

Recommend a plan for follow-up intensity and frequency and collaboration with other providers.

As nurse practitioners strive to achieve full-autonomous practice across the country, it should be noted that many states grant this ability to practice independently to psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners. To that end, you will be engaging in projects this semester that assume that you are practicing in a state that allows full-practice authority for NPs, meaning that the PMHNP may be the “captain of the ship” concerning caring for a patient population. The “captain of the ship” is the one who makes referrals to specialists, coordinates care for their patients/clients, and is responsible and accountable for patient/client outcomes overall. This is a decided change from a few decades ago when physicians were the “captain of the ship” and NPs played a peripheral role.In this Assignment, you will become the “captain of the ship” as you provide treatment recommendations and identify medical management, community support resources, and follow-up plans for a client with a depression disorder.

Assignment 1: “Captain of the Ship” Project – Depressive Disorder Learning Objectives

Students will:

Recommend psychopharmacologic treatments based on therapeutic endpoints for clients with depression disorders

Recommend psychotherapy based on therapeutic endpoints for clients with depression disorders

Identify medical management needs for clients with depression disorders

Identify community support resources for clients with depression disorders

Recommend follow-up plans for clients with depression disorders

Assignment 1: “Captain of the Ship” Project – Depressive Disorder

To prepare for this Assignment:

Select an adult or older adult client with a depressive disorder you have seen in your practicum.

In 3–4 pages, write a treatment plan for your client in which you do the following:

Describe the HPI and clinical impression for the client.

Recommend psychopharmacologic treatments and describe specific and therapeutic endpoints for your psychopharmacologic agent. (This should relate to HPI and clinical impression.)

Recommend psychotherapy choices (individual, family, and group) and specific therapeutic endpoints for your choices.

Identify medical management needs, including primary care needs, specific to this client.

Identify community support resources (housing, socioeconomic needs, etc.) and community agencies that are available to assist the client. Assignment 1: “Captain of the Ship” Project – Depressive Disorder.

Recommend a plan for follow-up intensity and frequency and collaboration with other providers.

Week 2: Depressive Disorders

I have no one. My wife died suddenly 4 years ago and I know it was my fault. She had been complaining she was sick for a year, but the doctors kept saying it was nothing. When they finally found the cancer, it had spread throughout her body. I should have listened to her. She might have survived and I would not be alone. I seem to cry for no reason and my children don’t understand why I don’t want to go out of the house. This is where her memories are. Why would I want to leave? Assignment 1: “Captain of the Ship” Project – Depressive Disorder.

The National Institutes of Mental Health acknowledges that depression is one of the most common mental disorders in the United States. It is associated with significant disability, fiscal impact, and considerable personal suffering. It may have significant impact on the individual, their family, and their social network. The PMHNP must be capable of providing comprehensive care for depressive disorders, including both psychotherapy and psychopharmacologic approaches.

This week, you will become “captain of the ship” as you take full responsibility for a client with a depressive disorder. You will recommend psychopharmacologic treatment and psychotherapy, identify medical management needs and community support, and recommend follow-up plans. You will also explore how to obtain a DEA license and the responsibilities for safe prescribing and prescription monitoring. Assignment 1: “Captain of the Ship” Project – Depressive Disorder.

Photo Credit: Juanmonino/ E+ / Getty Images

Assignment 1: “Captain of the Ship” Project – Depressive Disorder
Learning Resources

Note:
 To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the 
Course Materials
 section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2014).
Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry
(11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

Chapter 8, “Mood Disorders” (pp. 347–386)

Gabbard, G. O. (2014).
Gabbard’s treatment of psychiatric disorders
(5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publications.

Chapter 12, “Psychotherapy of Mood Disorders”

Chapter 14, “Pharmacological and Somatic Treatments for Major Depressive Disorder”

Note:
You will access this textbook from the Walden Library databases. Assignment 1: “Captain of the Ship” Project – Depressive Disorder.

American Psychiatric Association. (2013).
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
(5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

“Depressive Disorders”

Major Depressive Disorder

Persistent Depressive Disorder (dysthymia)

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder

Depressive Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition

Other Specified Depressive Disorder

Unspecified Depressive Disorder

Stahl, S. M. (2014).
Prescriber’s Guide: Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology
(5th ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

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Note:
All Stahl resources can be accessed through the Walden Library using the link below. This link will take you to a login page for the Walden Library. Once you log in to the library, the Stahl website will appear. http://ezp.waldenulibrary.org/login?url=http://stahlonline.cambridge.org/

 

To access information on specific medications, click on
The Prescriber’s Guide, 5th Ed
. tab on the Stahl Online website and select the appropriate medication.

Depression

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Seasonal affective disorder (MDD with Seasonal Variation)

agomelatine

amisulpride

amitriptyline

amoxapine

amphetamine (d)

amphetamine (d,l)

aripiprazole (adjunct)

asenapine

atomoxetine

bupropion

buspirone (adjunct)

citalopram

clomipramine

cyamemazine

desipramine

desvenlafaxine

dothiepin

paroxetine

phenelzine

protriptyline

quetiapine (adjunct)

reboxetine

selegiline

sertindole

sertraline

sulpiride

tianeptine

tranylcypromine

triiodothyronine

trazodone

trimipramine

venlafaxine

vilazodone

vortioxetine

doxepin

duloxetine

escitalopram

fluoxetine

flupenthixol

fluvoxamine

iloperidone

imipramine

isocarboxazid

ketamine

lisdexamfetamine

lithium (adjunct)

l-methylfolate (adjunct)

lofepramine

lurasidone

maprotiline

methylphenidate (d)

methylphenidate (d,l)

mianserin

milnacipran

mirtazapine

moclobemide

modafinil (adjunct)

nefazodone

nortriptyline

olanzapine

citalopram

desvenlafaxine

escitalopram

fluoxetine

paroxetine

sertraline

venlafaxine

bupropion. Assignment 1: “Captain of the Ship” Project – Depressive Disorder

Grieve, S. M., Korgaonkar, M. S., Koslow, S. H., Gordon, E., Williams, L. M. (2013). Widespread reductions in gray matter volume in depression.
NeuroImage: Clinical, 3
, 332-339. doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2013.08.016

Note:
You will access this article from the Walden Library databases. Assignment 1: “Captain of the Ship” Project – Depressive Disorder.

Lach, H. W., Chang, Y-P., & Edwards, D. (2010). Can older adults with dementia accurately report depression using brief forms? Reliability and validity of the Geriatric Depression Scale.
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 36
(5), 30–37. doi:10.3928/00989134-20100303-01

Note:
You will access this article from the Walden Library databases. Assignment 1: “Captain of the Ship” Project – Depressive Disorder.

Steffens, D. C., McQuoid, D. R., & Potter, G. G. (2014). Amnestic mild cognitive impairment and incident dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in geriatric depression.
International Psychogeriatrics, 26
(12), 2029–2036. doi:10.1017/S1041610214001446

Note:
You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.).
Drug schedules
. Retrieved June 14, 2016, from https://www.dea.gov/druginfo/ds.shtml

Required Media

Hagen, B. (Producer). (n.d.-b).
Managing depression
[Video file]. Mill Valley, CA: Psychotherapy.net.

 

Note:
The approximate length of this media piece is 24 minutes. You will access this video through the Walden Library databases. Assignment 1: “Captain of the Ship” Project – Depressive Disorder.

Optional Resources

Gabbard, G. O. (2014).
Gabbard’s treatment of psychiatric disorders
(5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publications.

Chapter 15, “Brain Stimulation Treatments for Mood Disorders”

Note:
You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Ahern, E., & Semkovska, M. (2017). Cognitive functioning in the first-episode of major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Neuropsychology, 31
(1), 52–72. doi:10.1037/neu0000319

Note:
You will access this article from the Walden Library databases. Assignment 1: “Captain of the Ship” Project – Depressive Disorder.

Anderson, N. D., Damianakis, T., Kröger, E., Wagner, L. M., Dawson, D. R., Binns, M. A., . . . Cook, S. L. (2014). The benefits associated with volunteering among seniors: A critical review and recommendations for future research.
Psychological Bulletin, 140
(6), 1505–1533. doi:10.1037/a0037610

Note:
You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Inoue, J., Hoshino, R., Nojima, H., Ishida, W., & Okamoto, N. (2016). Additional donepezil treatment for patients with geriatric depression who exhibit cognitive deficit during treatment for depression.
Psychogeriatrics, 16
(1), 54–61. doi:10.1111/psyg.12121. Assignment 1: “Captain of the Ship” Project – Depressive Disorder.

Note:
You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Sachs-Ericsson, N., Corsentino, E., Moxley, J., Hames, J. L., Rushing, N. C., Sawyer, K., . . . Steffens, D. C. (2013). A longitudinal study of differences in late- and early-onset geriatric depression: Depressive symptoms and psychosocial, cognitive, and neurological functioning.
Aging & Mental Health, 17
(1), 1–11. doi:10.1080/13607863.2012.717253

Note:
You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Shallcross, A. J., Gross, J. J., Visvanathan, P. D., Kumar, N., Palfrey, A., Ford, B. Q., . . . Mauss, I. B. (2015). Relapse prevention in major depressive disorder: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy versus an active control condition.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 83
(5), 964–975. doi:10.1037/ccp0000050

Note:
You will access this article from the Walden Library databases. Assignment 1: “Captain of the Ship” Project – Depressive Disorder.

Wanklyn, S. G., Pukay-Martin, N. D., Belus, J. M., St. Cyr, K., Girard, T. A., & Monson, C. M. (2016). Trauma types as differential predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and their comorbidity.
Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue Canadienne Des Sciences Du Comportement, 48
(4), 296–305. doi:10.1037/cbs0000056

Note:
You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Assignment 1: “Captain of the Ship” Project – Depressive Disorder

As nurse practitioners strive to achieve full-autonomous practice across the country, it should be noted that many states grant this ability to practice independently to psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners. To that end, you will be engaging in projects this semester that assume that you are practicing in a state that allows full-practice authority for NPs, meaning that the PMHNP may be the “captain of the ship” concerning caring for a patient population. The “captain of the ship” is the one who makes referrals to specialists, coordinates care for their patients/clients, and is responsible and accountable for patient/client outcomes overall. This is a decided change from a few decades ago when physicians were the “captain of the ship” and NPs played a peripheral role.

In this Assignment 1: “Captain of the Ship” Project – Depressive Disorder, you will become the “captain of the ship” as you provide treatment recommendations and identify medical management, community support resources, and follow-up plans for a client with a depression disorder.

Assignment 1: “Captain of the Ship” Project – Depressive Disorder Learning Objectives

Students will:

Recommend psychopharmacologic treatments based on therapeutic endpoints for clients with depression disorders

Recommend psychotherapy based on therapeutic endpoints for clients with depression disorders

Identify medical management needs for clients with depression disorders

Identify community support resources for clients with depression disorders

Recommend follow-up plans for clients with depression disorders

To prepare for this Assignment 1: “Captain of the Ship” Project – Depressive Disorder:

Select an adult or older adult client with a depressive disorder you have seen in your practicum.

In 3–4 pages, write a treatment plan for your client in which you do the following:

Describe the HPI and clinical impression for the client.

Recommend psychopharmacologic treatments and describe specific and therapeutic endpoints for your psychopharmacologic agent. (This should relate to HPI and clinical impression.)

Recommend psychotherapy choices (individual, family, and group) and specific therapeutic endpoints for your choices.

Identify medical management needs, including primary care needs, specific to this client.

Identify community support resources (housing, socioeconomic needs, etc.) and community agencies that are available to assist the client.

Recommend a plan for follow-up intensity and frequency and collaboration with other providers. Assignment 1: “Captain of the Ship” Project – Depressive Disorder.

By Day 7

Submit
 your Assignment.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK2Assgn1+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.

Click the 
Week 2 Assignment 1 Rubric 
to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.

Click the 
Week 2 Assignment 1 
link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.

Next, from the Attach File area, click on the 
Browse My Computer
 button. Find the document you saved as “WK2Assgn1+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click 
Open
. Assignment 1: “Captain of the Ship” Project – Depressive Disorder.

If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for 
I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database
.

Click on the 
Submit
 button to complete your submission.

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 2 Assignment 1 Rubric

Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity

To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:

Submit your Week 2 Assignment 1 draft and review the originality report.

Submit Your Assignment by Day 7

To submit your Assignment:

Week 2 Assignment 1

Assignment 2: Week 2 Practicum Journal: Safe Prescribing

There is probably no greater responsibility that the psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner assumes than the responsibility of prescribing medications. While someone can be harmed by psychotherapy, the level and intensity of the harm generally does not come to the same level of harm that can occur from improper prescribing. The PMHNP must understand his/her responsibility both at a state and federal level when it comes to prescribing medications. Assignment 1: “Captain of the Ship” Project – Depressive Disorder.

In this Practicum Journal Assignment, you will explore the legalities associated with prescribing controlled substances, as well as what a DEA number is, how to obtain one, and, most importantly, how to prescribe controlled substances in your state.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

Analyze roles of the Drug Enforcement Administration

Analyze PMHNP responsibilities when issued a DEA number

Analyze DEA number application procedures

Analyze state requirements for safe prescribing and prescription monitoring

Analyze PMHNP responsibilities for safe prescribing and prescription monitoring

Analyze Schedule II-V drug levels

** Assigned in Week 2 and submitted in Week 4.

To prepare for this Practicum Journal:

Review the Learning Resources.

In 2-3 pages:

Describe the role of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) as it pertains to the PMHNP.

Explain your responsibilities when having a DEA number.

Assignment 1: “Captain of the Ship” Project – Depressive Disorder

Explain how you apply for a DEA number.

Explain your state’s requirements for a safe prescribing and prescription monitoring program. Explain your responsibility as a PMHNP to follow these requirements.

Provide an example of a drug you may prescribe from each of the Schedule II-V drug levels.

By Day 7

Submit
 by Day 7 of Week 4.

Making Connections

This week, you became “captain of the ship” as you took full responsibility for a client with a depressive disorder by recommending psychopharmacologic treatment and psychotherapy, identifying medical management needs and community support, and recommending follow-up plans. You also explored how to obtain a DEA license and the responsibilities for safe prescribing and prescription monitoring.

Next week, you will explore the many personality disorders and use the DSM-5 criteria for diagnosing individuals with specific personality disorders. You will use the Decision Tree format to diagnose and treat a client with a personality disorder. You also will complete the Fitzgerald University Exit Comprehensive Exam to determine your readiness for the certification exam. Assignment 1: “Captain of the Ship” Project – Depressive Disorder.

Treatment of Personality Disorders nursing essay assignment discussion paper

Discussion: Treatment of Personality Disorders

Personality disorders occur in 10–20% of the population. They are difficult to treat as individuals with personality disorders are less likely to seek help than individuals with other mental health disorders. Treatment can be challenging as they do not see their symptoms as painful to themselves or others.

In this Discussion, you will explore personality disorders in greater detail and discuss treatment options using evidence-based research. Treatment of Personality Disorders nursing essay assignment discussion paper.

Treatment of Personality Disorders nursing essay assignment discussion paper Learning Objectives

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Students will:

Analyze diagnostic criteria for personality disorders

Analyze evidence-based psychotherapy and psychopharmacologic treatments for personality disorders

Analyze clinical features of clients with personality disorders

Align clinical features with DSM-5 criteria

Compare differential diagnostic features of personality disorders

Note:
 For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the “Post to Discussion Question” link and then select “Create Thread” to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking 
Submit
! Treatment of Personality Disorders nursing essay assignment discussion paper.

To prepare for this Treatment of Personality Disorders nursing essay assignment discussion paper:

By Day 5 of Week 2, your Instructor will have assigned you a personality disorder, which will be your focus for your initial post for this Discussion.

Review the Learning Resources.

By Day 3

Post:

Explain the diagnostic criteria for your assigned personality disorder.

Explain the evidenced-based psychotherapy and psychopharmacologic treatment for your assigned personality disorder.

Describe clinical features from a client that led you to believe this client had this disorder. Align the clinical features with the DSM-5 criteria. Treatment of Personality Disorders nursing essay assignment discussion paper.

Support your rationale with references to the Learning Resources or other academic resources.

By Day 6

Respond
 to at least 
two
 of your colleagues by comparing the differential diagnostic features of the disorder you were assigned to the diagnostic features of the disorder your colleagues were assigned. What are their similarities and differences? How might you differentiate the two diagnoses? Treatment of Personality Disorders nursing essay assignment discussion paper.

Week 3: Personality Disorders

I cannot believe these people. Don’t they know who I am? I deserve better treatment than this. That hostess should have seated me immediately, but I had to wait for 10 minutes and then she put me at this table right by the kitchen. I see an empty table right in the middle where I should be. I am just going to get up and move there. I don’t care what the hostess says, rules don’t apply to me. Treatment of Personality Disorders nursing essay assignment discussion paper.

Personality disorders represent perhaps the most challenging disorders that the psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner will have to address in their professional careers. Personality disorders can co-occur in every mental health disorder and, in some cases, can mask as disorder . Although difficult to treat, the PMHNP must be able to identify personality disorders and endeavor to work with the client to not only recognize the disorder, but to treat a disorder that clients often do not believe they have.

This week, you will explore the many personality disorders and use the DSM-5 criteria for diagnosing individuals with specific personality disorders. You will use the Decision Tree format to diagnose and treat a client with a personality disorder. You also will complete the Fitzgerald University Exit Comprehensive Exam to determine your readiness for the certification exam. Treatment of Personality Disorders nursing essay assignment discussion paper

 

Treatment of Personality Disorders nursing essay assignment discussion paper Learning Resources

Note:
 To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the 
Course Materials
 section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

American Nurses Association. (2014).
Psychiatric-mental health nursing: Scope and standards of practice (2nd ed.)
. Washington, DC: Author. Treatment of Personality Disorders nursing essay assignment discussion paper.

Standard 12 “Leadership” (pages 76-77)

Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2014).
Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry
(11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

Chapter 4, “Theories of Personality and Psychopathology” (pp. 151–191)

Chapter 22, “Personality Disorders” (pp. 742–762)

Chapter 13, “Psychosomatic Medicine” (pp. 451–464)

Gabbard, G. O. (2014).
Gabbard’s treatment of psychiatric disorders
(5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publications.

Chapter 68, “Paranoid, Schizotypal, and Schizoid Personality Disorders”

Chapter 69, “Antisocial Personality Disorder”

Chapter 70, “Borderline Personality Disorder”

Chapter 71, “Histrionic Personality Disorder”

Chapter 72, “Narcissistic Personality Disorder”

Chapter 73, “Cluster C Personality Disorders

Note:
You will access this book from Walden Library databases.

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. Treatment of Personality Disorders nursing essay assignment discussion paper.

“Personality Disorders”

Note:
You will access this book from Walden Library databases.

Perry, J. C., Presniak, M. D., & Olson, T. R. (2013). Defense mechanisms in schizotypal, borderline, antisocial, and narcissistic personality disorders.
Psychiatry: Interpersonal & Biological Processes, 76
(1), 32–52. doi:10.1521/psyc.2013.76.1.32

Note:
You will access this article from Walden Library databases.

Rees, C. S., & Pritchard, R. (2015).
Brief cognitive therapy for avoidant personality disorder. Psychotherapy, 52
(1), 45–55. doi:10.1037/a0035158

Note:
You will access this article from Walden Library databases.

Required Media

Laureate Education. (2017a).
A woman with personality disorder
[Interactive media file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Kernberg, O. (n.d.).
Psychoanalytic psychotherapy for personality disorders: An Interview with Otto Kernberg
, MD. [Video file]. Mill Valley, CA: Psychotherapy.net. Treatment of Personality Disorders nursing essay assignment discussion paper.

Note:
This video is approximately 94 minutes of length. You will access this article from Walden Library databases.

Discussion: Treatment of Personality Disorders

Personality disorders occur in 10–20% of the population. They are difficult to treat as individuals with personality disorders are less likely to seek help than individuals with other mental health disorders. Treatment can be challenging as they do not see their symptoms as painful to themselves or others. Treatment of Personality Disorders nursing essay assignment discussion paper.

In this Discussion, you will explore personality disorders in greater detail and discuss treatment options using evidence-based research.

Treatment of Personality Disorders nursing essay assignment discussion paper Learning Objectives

Students will:

Analyze diagnostic criteria for personality disorders

Analyze evidence-based psychotherapy and psychopharmacologic treatments for personality disorders

Analyze clinical features of clients with personality disorders

Align clinical features with DSM-5 criteria

Compare differential diagnostic features of personality disorders

Note:
 For this Treatment of Personality Disorders nursing essay assignment discussion paper, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the “Post to Discussion Question” link and then select “Create Thread” to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking 
Submit
!

To prepare for this Treatment of Personality Disorders nursing essay assignment discussion paper:

By Day 5 of Week 2, your Instructor will have assigned you a personality disorder, which will be your focus for your initial post for this Discussion.

Review the Learning Resources.

By Day 3

Post:

Explain the diagnostic criteria for your assigned personality disorder.

Explain the evidenced-based psychotherapy and psychopharmacologic treatment for your assigned personality disorder.

Describe clinical features from a client that led you to believe this client had this disorder. Align the clinical features with the DSM-5 criteria.

Support your rationale with references to the Learning Resources or other academic resources.

By Day 6

Respond
 to at least 
two
 of your colleagues by comparing the differential diagnostic features of the disorder you were assigned to the diagnostic features of the disorder your colleagues were assigned. What are their similarities and differences? How might you differentiate the two diagnoses?

Submission and Grading Information

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 3 Discussion Rubric

Post by Day 3 and Respond by Day 6

To participate in this Discussion:

Week 3 Discussion

Assignment 1: Decision Tree

For this Assignment, as you examine the client case study in this week’s Learning Resources, consider how you might assess and treat adult and older adult clients presenting symptoms of a mental health disorder.

Treatment of Personality Disorders nursing essay assignment discussion paper Learning Objectives

Students will:

Evaluate clients for treatment of mental health disorders

Analyze decisions made throughout diagnosis and treatment of clients with mental health disorders

** Assigned in Week 3 and submitted in Week 4

Examine 
Case 1
: You will be asked to make three decisions concerning the diagnosis and treatment for this client. Be sure to consider co-morbid physical as well as mental factors that might impact the client’s diagnosis and treatment. Treatment of Personality Disorders nursing essay assignment discussion paper.

At each Decision Point, stop to complete the following:

Decision #1: Differential Diagnosis

Which Decision did you select?

Why did you select this Decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.

What were you hoping to achieve by making this Decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources. Treatment of Personality Disorders nursing essay assignment discussion paper.

Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #1 and the results of the Decision. Why were they different?

Decision #2: Treatment Plan for Psychotherapy

Why did you select this Decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.

What were you hoping to achieve by making this Decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.

Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #2 and the results of the Decision. Why were they different?

Decision #3: Treatment Plan for Psychopharmacology

Why did you select this Decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.

What were you hoping to achieve by making this Decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources. Treatment of Personality Disorders nursing essay assignment discussion paper.

Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #3 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?

Also include how ethical considerations might impact your treatment plan and communication with clients and their family.

Note:
 Support your rationale with a minimum of three academic resources. While you may use the course text to support your rationale, it will not count toward the resource requirement.

By Day 7

Submit
 by Day 7 of Week 4.

Assignment 2: Fitzgerald Health Education Associates (FHEA) PMHNP 150 University Exit Comprehensive Exam

In Weeks 1 or 2 of this course, you received an e-mail from Fitzgerald Health Education Associates (FHEA) explaining how to access the Fitzgerald Health Education Associates (FHEA) PMHNP 150 University Exit Comprehensive Exam. Please follow the directions FHEA provided and complete the exam. You must complete the exam by Day 7 of Week 3 to receive a grade. Each exam is worth 100 points and 10% of your grade. The 3-hour exam is required and will provide you with an overall view of your preparedness for the certification exam. Treatment of Personality Disorders nursing essay assignment discussion paper.

Note:
 Your Instructor receives the results and will inform you when the results are available. Do not e-mail the Fitzgerald site.

Assignment 3: Board Vitals

This week you will be responding to twenty Board Vitals questions that cover a broad review of your Nurse Practitioner program courses up to this point.

These review questions will provide practice that is critical in your preparation for the national certification exam that’s required to certify you to practice as a nurse practitioner. These customized test questions are designed to help you prepare for your Nurse Practitioner certification exam. It is in your best interest to take your time, do your best, and answer each question to the best of your ability. Treatment of Personality Disorders nursing essay assignment discussion paper.

https://www.boardvitals.com/

By Day 7

Complete the Board Vitals questions.

Making Connections

This week, you explored the many personality disorders and used the DSM-5 criteria for diagnosing individuals with specific personality disorders. You used the Decision Tree format to diagnose and treat a client with a personality disorder. You also completed the Fitzgerald University Exit Comprehensive Exam to determine your readiness for the certification exam.

Next week, you will analyze clients presenting for treatment of substance-related and addictive disorders and evaluate effectiveness of therapeutic approaches for clients diagnosed with substance-related and addictive disorders. Treatment of Personality Disorders nursing essay assignment discussion paper.

ADHD Disorder Essay

ADHD Disorder Information Summary: Summarize information on ADHD disorder. Make sure to include the NINDS web address and any other web addresses of where you got your information. Make sure to type out the http address rather than using a link.

CCNS Course Learning Outcomes:

3. Identify the biological influences on behavior. ADHD Disorder Essay.

11. Write and speak clearly and logically in presentations and essays about topics related to psychology.

13. Analyze, evaluate, and apply written material related to the study of psychology.

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Psychology Department Student Learning Outcomes:

1. Recognize content as specified by the American Psychological Association (APA) Guidelines for the Undergraduate Psychology Major.

GT-SS3: Critical Thinking

Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs):

“Students should be able to:

1. Explain an Issue

a. Use information to describe a problem or issue and/or articulate a question related to the topic.

2. Utilize Context

a. Evaluate the relevance of context when presenting a position. ADHD Disorder Essay.

5. Understand Implications and Make Conclusions

a. Establish a conclusion that is tied to the range of information presented.

b. Reflect on implications and consequences of stated conclusion.”

ADHD Disorder Information Summary-What research is being done?

Several components of the NIH support research on developmental disorders such as ADHD. Research programs of the NINDS, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) seek to address unanswered questions about the causes of ADHD, as well as to improve diagnosis and treatment. ADHD Disorder Essay.

Information from the National Library of Medicine’s MedlinePlus

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Bottom of Form

Definition

Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder that affects 3-5 percent of all American children. It interferes with a person’s ability to stay on a task and to exercise age-appropriate inhibition (cognitive alone or both cognitive and behavioral). Some of the warning signs of ADHD include failure to listen to instructions, inability to organize oneself and school work, fidgeting with hands and feet, talking too much, leaving projects, chores and homework unfinished, and having trouble paying attention to and responding to details. There are several types of ADHD: a predominantly inattentive subtype, a predominantly hyperactive-impulsive subtype, and a combined subtype. ADHD is usually diagnosed in childhood, although the condition can continue into the adult years. ADHD Disorder Essay.

 

Treatment

 

The usual course of treatment may include medications such as methylphenidate (Ritalin) or dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine), which are stimulants that decrease impulsivity and hyperactivity and increase attention. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved the generic versions of Strattera (atomoxetine) to treat ADHD in pediatric and adult individuals. Most experts agree that treatment for ADHD should address multiple aspects of the individual’s functioning and should not be limited to the use of medications alone. Treatment should include structured classroom management, parent education (to address discipline and limit-setting), and tutoring and/or behavioral therapy for the child.

Prognosis

There is no “cure” for ADHD. Children with the disorder seldom outgrow it; however, some may find adaptive ways to accommodate the ADHD as they mature.

Clinical Trials

Throughout the U.S. and Worldwide

NINDS Clinical Trials

Patient Organizations

Attention Deficit Disorder Association (ADDA)

CHADD – Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Child Neurology Foundation

Learning Disabilities Association of America

National Center for Learning Disabilities

Publications

 

Order NINDS Publications

ADHD Disorder Information Summary: Summarize information on ADHD disorder. Make sure to include the NINDS web address and any other web addresses of where you got your information. Make sure to type out the http address rather than using a link.

CCNS Course Learning Outcomes:

3. Identify the biological influences on behavior. ADHD Disorder Essay.

11. Write and speak clearly and logically in presentations and essays about topics related to psychology.

13. Analyze, evaluate, and apply written material related to the study of psychology.

Psychology Department Student Learning Outcomes:

1. Recognize content as specified by the American Psychological Association (APA) Guidelines for the Undergraduate Psychology Major.

GT-SS3: Critical Thinking

Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs):

“Students should be able to:

1. Explain an Issue

a. Use information to describe a problem or issue and/or articulate a question related to the topic.

2. Utilize Context

a. Evaluate the relevance of context when presenting a position.

5. Understand Implications and Make Conclusions

a. Establish a conclusion that is tied to the range of information presented.

b. Reflect on implications and consequences of stated conclusion.”

ADHD Disorder Information Summary-What research is being done?

Several components of the NIH support research on developmental disorders such as ADHD. Research programs of the NINDS, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) seek to address unanswered questions about the causes of ADHD, as well as to improve diagnosis and treatment. ADHD Disorder Essay.

Information from the National Library of Medicine’s MedlinePlus

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Bottom of Form

Definition

Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder that affects 3-5 percent of all American children. It interferes with a person’s ability to stay on a task and to exercise age-appropriate inhibition (cognitive alone or both cognitive and behavioral). Some of the warning signs of ADHD include failure to listen to instructions, inability to organize oneself and school work, fidgeting with hands and feet, talking too much, leaving projects, chores and homework unfinished, and having trouble paying attention to and responding to details. ADHD Disorder Essay. There are several types of ADHD: a predominantly inattentive subtype, a predominantly hyperactive-impulsive subtype, and a combined subtype. ADHD is usually diagnosed in childhood, although the condition can continue into the adult years. ADHD Disorder Essay.

 

Treatment

 

The usual course of treatment may include medications such as methylphenidate (Ritalin) or dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine), which are stimulants that decrease impulsivity and hyperactivity and increase attention. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved the generic versions of Strattera (atomoxetine) to treat ADHD in pediatric and adult individuals. Most experts agree that treatment for ADHD should address multiple aspects of the individual’s functioning and should not be limited to the use of medications alone. Treatment should include structured classroom management, parent education (to address discipline and limit-setting), and tutoring and/or behavioral therapy for the child.

Prognosis

There is no “cure” for ADHD. Children with the disorder seldom outgrow it; however, some may find adaptive ways to accommodate the ADHD as they mature.

Clinical Trials

Throughout the U.S. and Worldwide

NINDS Clinical Trials

Patient Organizations

Attention Deficit Disorder Association (ADDA)

CHADD – Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Child Neurology Foundation

Learning Disabilities Association of America

National Center for Learning Disabilities

Publications

Order NINDS Publications. ADHD Disorder Essay.