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Promoting Mental Health at Ryerson University Essay

OPTION #1

Promoting Mental Health at Ryerson University

TASK

You are the Director of Student Development & Counselling at Ryerson University. The University president, Mohamed Lachemi, has asked you 
to  research the common mental health concerns students face and present them in a report.

Your Promoting Mental Health at Ryerson University Essay Task
 is to Research 
approximately three mental health concerns higher education students are currently experiencing
.

In your report, 
you will discuss the three concerns in detail
. At the end of your report, you will offer your recommendation on how to enhance awareness on these issues to educate the student population.

EXPECTED Assignment  Outline

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TITLE: MEMO
 (it’s a memo report) informal you can use first or second person, – Ryerson university logo top right

To:
xxx, president

From:
Axxx, director of student development and counselling

Date:
 Wednesday, April 5
th
, 2017

Subject:
 Recommendation Report Assessing Possible Mental Health Education Initiative

1.0  
BACKGROUND

(corporate approach, no salutation required)

background = 1 paragraph 4-6 sentences total (short and brief)

–          You’re going to provide research on the department you work within *include in text citations (
lead with evidence!!)

–          Research on the problem and or opportunities that exist 
include in text citation

–          Option 1, the problem is the rise of mental health – more information about that

–          Clear purpose statement “the purpose of this recommendation report is to analyze … such and such”

–          Highlighting what you’d like to analyze for your audiencePromoting Mental Health at Ryerson University EssayPromoting Mental Health at Ryerson University Essay

–          Lead with evidence

Body:

 

2.0
 – 
ANALYZING TOP MENTAL HEALTEH CONCERNS

        1-3 sentences introduction – then you mention the concerns

2.1 – 
anxiety at least one paragraph 4-6 sentences – include facts stats and examples within in-text citations)

include 1-2 sentences analysis at the end of each paragraph (“so what?” > interpret the data 
exceed requirements

(image)

figure number #1 ________ refer to figure number up top in the body, to ground floating figure. (as seen in figure one below)

2.2
 
 
– topic #2  – Mention another mental health concern

anxiety at least one paragraph 4-6 sentences – include facts stats and examples within in-text citations)

include 1-2 sentences analysis at the end of each paragraph (“so what?” > interpret the data 
exceed requirements

2.3
 – 
anxiety at least one paragraph 4-6 sentences – include facts stats and examples within in-text citations)

include 1-2 sentences analysis at the end of each paragraph (“so what?” > interpret the data 
exceed requirements

Conclusion

one paragraph =4-6 sentences

SUMMARIZE the main points from the report
 

Recommendations

 

indent topics, under headings,

how to educate the general publics (what universities, the government, schools and places have done)

1 paragraph of 4-6 sentences

–          based on the research outlined in this report, it can be seen that…

–          include concrete (researched) next steps (if you can) – try to format in a list or a table- if you can use it in the body section that would be good,

WORKS CITED
:

Full APA References

 

MEMO

To: Mohammed Lachemi, President

From: Ardalan Alaei-Toosi, Director of Student Development and Counselling

Date: Wednesday, April 5th, 2017

Subject: Recommendation Report Assessing Possible Mental Health Education Initiative

1.0 Background

Over the last ten years, cases of mental health issues among students on campus in Canada have become more prevalent.  In addition, university students have become increasingly impulsive – frequently attempting to inquire themselves – and are often likely to be diagnosed with multiple mental health disorders.  A study conducted by Byck, et al. (2013) revealed that higher education students nowadays are at the risk of mental health disorders than in the past.  However, this is not entirely true.  While a number of researchers support this thinking, others offer contradictory opinions.  For example, severe anxiety among higher education students is generally on the downward trend as are suicidal thoughts.  On average, in addition, anxiety and depression in this populace remained at the approximately the same margin. It is crucial to note that university life is not the primary factor for the increase in severe depression among higher education students, but rather more university teenagers are arriving in college with pre-existing mental disorders.  Mustanski, Andrews & Pucket, (2016) concede that students experiencing severe mental disorder are likely to get better education, support and outreach during their childhood and as a result, they are more likely to enrol for university programmes than in the past. Against this reality, this recommendation report purposes to analyse three mental disorders – anxiety and stress, alcohol and drug abuse, as well as assault, rape and sexual abuse.  These issues are common among Ryerson University students.

 

2.0 Analysis of Top Mental Health Concerns

Anxiety and stress, depression and suicide as well as assault, rape and sexual abuse are the most prevalent form of mental health disorders among students in higher institutions of learning. When stress and anxiety gets out of control it can spiral into overwhelming degrees and this can low the productivity levels of an individual to a greater extent. Depression and suicide are also harmful mental health disorders that affect university students. Depression and suicidal thoughts affects an individual’s ability to perform routine activities. In addition, assault, rape, and sexual abuse significantly affect university students since it influences how they relate to others. These three mental health issues are discussed explicitly below.

2.1 Anxiety and Stress

           
Stress and anxiety are part of human life and, in many conditions, are adaptive.  Normal levels of anxiety and stress keeps people alert by forcing them to attend to their environment in order to proceed cautiously when need be and as such, it is not a common cause for concern (Kugelmass & Garcia, 2015). However, at times, stress and anxiety can get out of control – inexplicably spiralling to overwhelming degrees.  This can lead in a dramatic decrease of productivity levels and can substantially intrude on the quality of life of an individual. Often, there is no reasonable or obvious cause for the unprecedented anxiety and stress levels.  Identified symptoms of anxiety and stress include:

inability to relax

feeling restless, on the edge or keyed up

uptight, tense feeling

soreness, aches or muscle tension

difficulties concentrating

trouble staying or falling asleep (Insomnia)

impatience or irritability

Physical symptoms including heart palpitations, sweaty palms, trouble swallowing, diarrhoea or nausea and shortness of breath.

The most common sources of stress and anxiety for higher education students comprise concerns about interpersonal issues including roommate difficulties and meeting new people, managing learning workload and concerns linked to homesickness or loneliness.  On the contrary, however, a study by Filkuková, et al (2016) revealed that cases of severe anxiety and depression showed a significant drop, especially within the last 3 years.  This phenomenon could be a pointer to the fact that higher education students are increasingly learning on how to deal with stress and anxiety.  Some useful stress and anxiety coping techniques for higher education students include setting priorities, effective management of time, as well as developing and adopting an efficient academic routine.  The image below amplifies the prevalence of mental health disorder in Canada among adolescents.

Source:
http://d14rmgtrwzf5a.cloudfront.net/sites/default/files/images/colorbox/numbers_2-12.gif

 

2.2 Depression and Suicide

2.2.1 Depression

           
There are many occasions when humans feel depressed. Experiencing feelings of sadness and often, when one cannot be able to react normally to disappointment, situational stress, or loss are perfect examples of feelings of depression (Cohen  & Kendall, 2015).  However, how can one distinguish these symptoms from the more serious disorder known as ‘depression’? Some features of ‘normal’ feelings of depression are: Promoting Mental Health at Ryerson University Essay

It is easier to note a specific trigger

One is able to execute day-to-day activities such as getting work done, sleeping, eating, attending class among others

Such feelings last only for a short period of time, that is, one or two days

One is able to employ the normal coping strategies.

On the contrary, clinical depression is an illness that affects an individual’s ability to carry out daily activities. It is common for individuals to associated depression with overwhelming sadness. However, those who suffer from depression do not experience this, while others may show different emotions including anger or numbness. In addition, clinical depression disrupts an individual’s physical, social, and mental functioning. The most common signs of depression are:

Loss of pleasure or interest in activities one used to like

Frequently crying without a particular reason

Withdrawal

Loss of energy and motivation

Sleep disturbances

Difficulty making decisions or concentrating

Difficulty performing regular tasks

Appetite disturbances

Suicidal thoughts

Engrossed with death thoughts among others

Despite this grim picture, there is an array of hope in as far as depression among college students is concerned. When one is experiencing mild or situational depression, it is important to reach out to trustworthy individuals who they can talk to. Promoting Mental Health at Ryerson University Essay

2.2.2 Suicide

           
Vahl, et al (2016) argue that feelings and thoughts of suicide often accompany depression. It is therefore, crucial to note some suicide signs:

Directly or indirectly verbalising feelings and thoughts of suicide

Engrossed with death

Giving away valued possessions or money

Signs of depression

Legal problems

Social isolation, withdrawal

Severe academic issues

Recent trauma such as bullying

Severe relationship challenges

Writing suicide note, a will or goodbye letter

Changes in the individual’s regular behaviour patterns

In contrast, Mustanski, Andrews & Pucket, (2016) report that cases of suicidal thoughts and feelings have declined by approximately 15 % in the recent past. The decline may be attributed to improvements in suicide prevention outreach and education as well as enhanced awareness on the multiple types of suicide assistance readily available.

2.3 Assault, Rape, and Sexual Abuse

           
Childhood sexual abuse such as unwanted sexual experience such as oral sex, attempted rape, fondling and rape, can have devastating effects on the victim. Often, victims do not tell others their experiences – because of feelings of shame and fear, and as a result, it is difficult to get assistance; such secrets are frequently concealed into adulthood (Wiggins, et al. 2010). Regrettably, many of the consequences of sexual abuse during childhood can also carry on into adulthood. These effects include:

Mistrust for self and others

Difficulties in sustaining interpersonal relations

Feeling of worthlessness or low self-image

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Unresolved emotions such as anger and fear

During teenage-hood, higher education students can be victims of rape or sexual assault. When rape and sexual rape occur on university campus – in most scenarios – the victim often knows the perpetrator. Additionally, exposure to any form of trauma where grave physical harm occurs can result in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Other forms of traumatic events comprises of violent mugging, physical abuse, accidents, military combat, and gay bashing. Victims of such events and their relatives are at risk of developing PTSD. Promoting Mental Health at Ryerson University Essay.

Conclusion

In the past decade, cases of mental health disorder have been on the upward trajectory among students enrolled in institutions of higher learning. This prevalence has necessitated the need to review the causes and possible solutions to this problem that is likely to affect the productivity of future generations. Today, higher education students are at the risk of mental health disorders than in the past. Promoting Mental Health at Ryerson University Essay. Crucially important, it is essential to note that university life is not the primary factor for the increase in severe depression among higher education students, but rather more university teenagers are arriving in college with pre-existing mental disorders.  Consequently, there is increasing concern among stakeholders to resolve this problem at the onset. This recommendation report is critical towards redressing mental health issues among Ryerson University students.

Recommendation

This report recommends the following as measures to address the problem of mental health disorders on students in Ryerson University

The university administration should set up a call centre that allows students with mental health symptoms such as anxiety and stress to call and air their issues with university counsellors or schedule an appointment with a counsellor. Promoting Mental Health at Ryerson University Essay.

Secondly, these report recommends that any students who knows a person with suicidal thoughts, he or she should contact the university suicide prevention unit in order to inform a crisis counsellor about the case

For those who have been abused sexually, they should either contact the university counselling unit or send anonymous messages to the university online screening programme for assistance.

 
 

References

Byck, G., Bolland, J., Dick, D., Ashbeck, A., & Mustanski, B. (2013). Prevalence of mental health disorders among low-income African American adolescents.
Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology
,
48
(10), 1555-1567. doi:10.1007/s00127-013-0657-3

Cohen, J., & Kendall, P. (2015). Peer Victimization Among Children and Adolescents with Anxiety Disorders.
Child Psychiatry & Human Development
,
46
(3), 393-405. doi:10.1007/s10578-014-0479-x

Filkuková, P., Jensen, T. K., Hafstad, G. S., Minde, H. T., & Dyb, G. (2016). The relationship between posttraumatic stress symptoms and narrative structure among adolescent terrorist-attack survivors.
European Journal Of Psychotraumatology
,
7
1-8. doi:10.3402/ejpt.v7.29551 Promoting Mental Health at Ryerson University Essay

Kugelmass, H., & Garcia, A. (2015). Mental disorder among nonreligious adolescents.
Mental Health, Religion & Culture
,
18
(5), 368-379. doi:10.1080/13674676.2015.1063044

Mustanski, B., Andrews, R., & Pucket, J. A. (2016). The Effects of Cumulative Victimization on Mental Health Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Adolescents and Young Adults.
American Journal Of Public Health
,
106
(3), 527-533. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302976

Sabri, B. (2012). Severity of Victimization and Co-Occurring Mental Health Disorders Among Substance Using Adolescents.
Child & Youth Care Forum
,
41
(1), 37-55. doi:10.1007/s10566-011-9151-9

Vahl, P., van Damme, L., Doreleijers, T., Vermeiren, R., & Colins, O. (2016). The unique relation of childhood emotional maltreatment with mental health problems among detained male and female adolescents.
Child Abuse & Neglect
,
62
142-150. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.10.008

Wiggins, A., Browne, M. O., Bearsley-Smith, C., & Villanueva, E. (2010). Depressive disorders among adolescents managed in a child and adolescent mental health service.
Australasian Psychiatry
,
18
(2), 134-141. doi:10.3109/10398560903296657 Promoting Mental Health at Ryerson University Essay

Cultural Considerations in Healing from Addictions Essay

TOPIC:
 
Cultural Considerations in Healing from Addictions

           
PART A

Briefly discuss the definition of addictions.

Provide a brief history of your assigned topic. With back ground information.

Give examples of the addictions involving your topic.

Discuss the topic to the extent to provide your fellow students with new learning of your assigned topic.

Focus on what is new and cutting edge research.

PART B

Include a social work perspective that addresses the relevance/appropriateness of social work practice to your issues. Some questions that are important, but not exclusive follow:

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Discuss:

With all the knowledge, available today, why do people still use addictive substances?

Why should the profession of social work be concerned about this issue?

How would you as a social worker use your skills (micro, mezzo, and macro) to begin addressing this problem? (Private troubles to public issues….families communities, etc.)

Cultural Considerations in Healing from Addictions

Overview

The compulsive and habitual need to engage in an activity or consume a substance is often perceived as the genesis of any addiction. The latter is known to initially begin as a pleasurable experience that in turn develops into a craving that is highly destructive and uncontrollable Cultural Considerations in Healing from Addictions Essay. The common denominator with all types of addictions is the fact that the victim is never in control of the situation. This is why it ends up overwhelming them to an extent where they are absolutely incapable of steering their lives forward. This is evidenced in the manner that people who struggle with addictions are capable of doing anything within their power or jurisdiction to obtain the substance they crave. Cultural Considerations in Healing from Addictions Essay.

The society pegs a lot of negative labels on people who are addicted to a substance, behavior or even tendency. This is because most people who fall prey to this habit are viewed as outcasts who are not fit to interact with others in the community. This is why it is vital and essential to have social workers in every community so that they can handle the plight of the victims who struggle with addictions on a daily basis. Social workers have a plethora of experience when it comes to dealing with different types of cultural problems and challenges. As such, they are better placed to understand the immediate needs of an addict at any point in time.      Cultural Considerations in Healing from Addictions Essay     It is also essential to emphasize that addictions do not involve alcohol or drugs alone, but they also stretch to internet, social media, shopping and even cyber related addictions. The overall similarity with all of them is the fact that they impact negatively on a person’s behavior and their ability to control the situation. This paper is a two-part essay that elaborates on the types of addictions and the relevance of social work perspectives on addressing this problem.

 

Essay Topic

Cultural Considerations in Healing from Addictions.

 

Body

i)
Part A

Discussion of the Types of Addictions with Relevant Examples

The assertion that addictions have invaded and infiltrated the society is highly authentic as evidenced by the number of people whose lives have been cut short by it. Addictions can be described as conditions that are brought about by a faulty and defective volition where a person chooses to indulge in an activity that result in very wayward and negative consequences.  (Bach et al, 2016). What’s more, the majority of addictions are known to come about due to a cognitive inability and impairment such that the victim does not realize their brain function is not synchronized with their routine behavior. Cultural Considerations in Healing from Addictions Essay.

The mention of the term addiction in a public setting is often believed to be inclined towards substance or alcohol abuse (Bowen and Walton, 2015). The truth of the matter is that an addiction is any activity that deviates from the norm where the individual has an insatiable desire to take part in it. This means that there is a wide array of activities or even behaviors that can be categorized as addictions. The types of addictions would include alcohol, drugs, internet, cyberspace, social media, technological and even sexual addictions (Eaton et al, 2015).  The similarity with all of them is the fact that the largest share of time is spent engaging in this activity. Cultural Considerations in Healing from Addictions Essay.

The reason that alcohol and substance abuse is quite commonly viewed as the severest form of addiction is because the repercussions cause irreversible damage that is more painful compared to the rest (Glei, 2016). This is evidenced in the manner that alcohol or drug addicts inflict a lot of pain on their dependents and even their immediate family members. The addiction to alcohol, prescription drugs and other forms of prohibited substances is manifests itself in the manner that the victim cannot do without consuming this commodity. For instance, a person who is addicted to alcohol will drink a glass or two of wine or beer when they wake up in the morning.

This is the first thing they do, as they believe that they cannot function without it. Further, other individuals will either smoke a cigarette or ingest some pills so that they can start of their day. The same is true for people who are addicted to hard drugs such as cocaine or heroin where they snort and sniff it as the first activity of the day. The level of addiction of such people is known to deteriorate where they can even skip important duties such as work, parenting or even meetings just to drink beer or even smoke their favorite drug (Lee, 2014) Cultural Considerations in Healing from Addictions Essay.

People who are at this stage or phase are known to do anything just to get their hands on what they want. This means that even if a person does not have the money, they are willing to steal so as to enable them get the substance they urgently crave. This category of addictions is regarded by society as the most severe due to the impact it brings on the individual and even the nearby people (Linley et al, 2014). The fact that the person is no longer in control of himself or herself means that other people are forced to step in and intervene. Cultural Considerations in Healing from Addictions Essay. This is one of the addictions where social workers are known to play a very critical role in the healing and recovery process. This is because a majority of people believe that this behavior is hard to control or even manage.

The truth of the matter is that social workers can play a pivotal role in helping a person recover from these addictions and resume normalcy in life (Nielsen and Houborg, 2015). The addiction to the internet, social media as well as cyberspace is another category that has become common in the recent times. This form of dependency is characterized by obsession to stay glued to online platforms for a very long time ((Hall et al, 2010). The addiction to social networks is highly common among the young and old alike where people spend most of their time browsing through profiles of people. Facebook, Twitter Instagram, Snap chat and even YouTube are the most common social media sites where addicts can be found perusing and navigating through them for the purposes of connecting with their friends by chatting, sending pictures or even updating their status (Wagaman et al, 2015).

The crave for social media is known to be quite serious because most people who are caught up in it can spend the entire day on the internet. The sad reality is that some of the people on their walls or social pages are unknown to them and are only aware of their lives because of their celebrity status (Wagaman et al, 2015). Hence, they spend a lot of time trying to catch up on what they have been doing, where they have been or even what they have bought. Social media and internet addiction can be blamed for the deviant and erratic behavior that is being witnessed among the young generation. Cultural Considerations in Healing from Addictions Essay.

The side effects of this addiction are that people have stopped living their lives as society dictates and are instead doing it through the internet. Social media addicts are known to post details of their whereabouts at any moment of the day (Hall et al, 2010). What’s more, they post their pictures at various locations such that any person can tell what they have been up to on a daily basis. This addiction makes people to detach themselves from reality and resort to living in a cocoon of their own. Cultural Considerations in Healing from Addictions Essay. The dangers of internet and social media addiction are not as severe as those of alcohol but they are serious nonetheless.

The victims of this behavior are often in denial of what goes on around them and they build a new life via Facebook, Instagram or even Whatsapp. It is also through the internet that addictions to cyber-sex and pornography have increased at a significant rate. The fact that online platforms contain a lot of information on various topics means that it is easy for any person to access knowledge on what they desire (Hutchinson and Allnock, 2014). This makes it easy for internet users to become accustomed to these erotic sites where they can fulfil their fantasy even in the absence of a physical partner. The addicts of pornography or even cyber-sex can come from any age bracket because the internet is not restricted and it is accessible from gadgets such as phones, tablets and even iPads. Cultural Considerations in Healing from Addictions Essay.

The common denominator with these addictions is that they provide a sense of satisfaction when it comes to sexual matters in a way that could not be done in an alternative manner (Lee, 2014). Addictions to cybersex have very dire consequences because they affect present and even future relationships. Further, people who are married and indulge in such activities tend to become distant in matters of intimacy such that one of the spouses is left to suffer. This type of addiction has been known to wreck havoc in homes, unions and even friendships because the victim places more emphasis on this wayward and unruly behavior at the expense of other innocent people (Linley et al, 2014). Cultural Considerations in Healing from Addictions Essay.

The types of addiction are not limited to consumption of a substance or information, but they also spread out to behavior and mannerisms.  The addiction to shopping and gambling are two behaviors that are known to create a rare obsession in the victim. The people who suffer from this type of addiction spend a lot of their money in order to satisfy this craving (Lee, 2014).

This ends up exhausting even their own savings such the dependents are left wallowing in misery. The discussion of the different types of addiction indicates that they are quite diverse in both scope and context. However, they all have the same feature in the sense that they have a compulsory and obsessive force that drives the victims to constantly indulge in them Cultural Considerations in Healing from Addictions Essay.

Cutting edge research has made it possible for the public to understand and internalize the topic of addictions, their history, origin as well as their greatest negative effects. The second part of this essay analyzes addictions from a social work perspective and explains the pivotal role played by  social work practices in addressing this issue. Cultural Considerations in Healing from Addictions Essay.

ii)
Part B

 Social Work Perspective in Addressing Addictions

The critical evaluation of the core reasons why people indulge or engage in the abuse of addictive substances can be best understood through the historical origin and root cause of the problem. The consumption of alcohol and drugs dates back to thousands of centuries where the ancient generations did it as a pleasurable activity during their leisure time (Bach et al, 2016).

In fact, beverages that contained alcohol in them have been brewed since the medieval times and people were known to consume them in social gatherings. The same case applies to drug consumption where opium and poppy plants were grown and cultivated in the past and used as pain relieving medication (Bowen and Walton, 2015). Cultural Considerations in Healing from Addictions Essay.

Flash forward to the present day, the meaning of alcohol and drugs has lost its meaning and people consume it for all the wrong reasons. This has led to the mushrooming of the addiction problem such that social workers have been forced to intervene in order to mitigate this issue. Culture and society play a very integral role when it comes to shaping the viewpoint and debate on the alcohol and substance addiction (Eaton et al, 2015). It is a well-known fact that cultural beliefs, traditions and norms have a centralized position on the expectations and outlooks on every member of the society. Hence, the failure to live up to these standards often results in people seeking refuge through other ways where alcohol addiction is the most common (Bach et al, 2016). Cultural Considerations in Healing from Addictions Essay.

Further, other people have been known to become addicted because of the manner in which they were brought up both culturally and traditionally. For instance, some people end up becoming addicts of beer and liquor because they were brought up knowing that it is supposed to be taken during meals (Eaton et al, 2015). Cultural Considerations in Healing from Addictions Essay. Therefore, this reasoning is taken out of context where such people end up taking it all the time without any moderation. The current trend in the society where many people are addicted to alcohol, drugs and other banned substances is worrying, despite the fact that there is an ocean of knowledge on this topic (Eaton et al, 2015).

The majority of people are still hooked to various substances and even drugs due to a myriad of reasons. One of them is the change in lifestyle where there has been a lot of evolution when it comes to trends, the economic stability and even the advent of the internet. Most people have found it difficult to keep up with the changes of life such that pressure mounts from within. The increase in the cost of living coupled with rising demands from the public has been known to lead to addiction (Glei, 2016). Furthermore, the failure to keep up with what the society expects and desires results in a person falling prey to either a drug or even alcohol.

Additionally, the consumption of drugs and alcohol has escalated due to the manner in which it is portrayed in the media and in social networks. Television adverts make beer and alcohol consumption to appear as a pleasurable, trendy and fashionable thing to do such that people who are teetotalers begin to become curious. The people who are easily swayed become convinced by the media that uses catchy words and phrases in order to entice them to take up the habit (Lee, 2014). Moreover, social media is also to blame for the soaring numbers of people who have become addicts of one substance or the other.

This is because the online community has made alcohol consumption look like the most trendy activity such that those outside its scope are considered being in the dark. This is evident in the high number of teenagers, young adults and even students who have become entangled in this vice (Eaton et al, 2015). The profession of social work ought to be concerned about this matter because it has become a huge cancer in the current society. The core objective of any social worker is to ensure that people who live in a given area are able to co-exist in a harmonious and friendly manner.

This can only happen when every member is responsible enough to take care of himself or herself and also carry the needs of their dependents to heart (Nielsen and Houborg, 2015).

Further, it is the duty of every social worker to be concerned about the plight of people living in the community because this touches on matters of health and overall wellbeing. Addiction is one of the obstacles to health that is known to infringe on a person’s ability to have control of themselves. Social workers are able to utilize their macro and micro skills to counsel and advise addicts on how they can stop their wayward behavior (Eaton et al, 2015).

This is because they have been trained on the right approach to use in order to assess and identify the needs of their clients. What’s more, a social worker is better placed to know the scope of the problem and come up with the most viable strategy of recovery and rehabilitation. It is also within the jurisdiction of any social worker to handle the problem of addiction from a communal perspective (Glei, 2016). Cultural Considerations in Healing from Addictions Essay. This means that they have to take into consideration the needs of the family members, the spouse, children and even close dependents.

The reason for this is that this category of people suffer the most when a close relative is addicted to alcohol or drugs. Social workers are able to offer their service in the form of direct treatment where they take care of the addict within the hospital setting. At the same time, they counsel them on the dangers of addiction, the harm they inflict on themselves as well as the pain they bring on their loved ones (Eaton et al, 2015). The power of outreach and social education also comes alive through this profession where people get to be informed on substance abuse and what leads to addiction. It is through these sessions that the addicts together with the community get to be educated about a plethora of issues. This in turn begins the journey to recovery where addicts have been known to break the habit with the selfless help of social workers. Addiction is indeed a huge problem in the society and its mitigation can be made possible through the intervention of social workers and support from the public. Cultural Considerations in Healing from Addictions Essay.

Conclusion

Substance abuse and addiction are ranked as two of the greatest problems and plagues that have embedded themselves in society for the longest time. The consumption of alcohol and even drugs dates back to the medieval times when people partook of these items for leisure and relaxation. This meaning has been altered in the present times such that the number of people addicted to alcohol and drugs has escalated. Addiction takes many forms and it is not restricted in the consumption of prohibited substances. Cultural Considerations in Healing from Addictions Essay. The obsession with social media, the internet, cybersex, pornography, gambling and even shopping are other types of addictions that are known to exist. However, the society has placed a lot of emphasis on alcohol and drugs such that they are viewed as the most common forms of addiction.

There are various cultural considerations that are involved when it comes to the healing and recovery from the various forms of addictions. The most common one is related to alcohol and drugs as it is known to impact negatively on the victim and the close relatives as well. The profession of social work is deemed as being highly valuable in the journey to recovery for addicts. This is because they are trained and educated on how to handle the victims of drug or alcohol addiction such that they can recover fully from it Cultural Considerations in Healing from Addictions Essay. The indispensable role played by social workers is great and it has brought a lot of positive influence on the lives of people who were formerly addicts. The community deserves to uphold its norms and values so that people who fall prey to addictive behavior can be helped to stand back on their feet and resume their earlier responsible lives.

 

References

Bach, T., Phuong Bich, V., Long Hoang, N., Sophia Knowlton, L., Cuong Tat, N., Huong Thu Thi, P., & … Phan, H. T. (2016). Drug addiction stigma in relation to methadone maintenance treatment by different service delivery models in Vietnam. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 1-9. doi:10.1186/s12889-016-2897-0

Bowen, E. A., & Walton, Q. L. (2015). Disparities and the Social Determinants of Mental Health and Addictions: Opportunities for a Multifaceted Social Work Response. Health & Social Work, 40(3), e59-e65. doi:10.1093/hsw/hlv034 Cultural Considerations in Healing from Addictions Essay

Eaton, K., Ohan, J. L., & Dear, G. (2015). The stigmatisation of the provision of services for alcohol and other drug users: A systematic literature review. Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy, 22(1), 19-25.

Glei, J. (2016). Why We’re Addicted to Email-and How to Fix It. Time, 188(14), 23.

Hall, M. N., Amodeo, M., Shaffer, H. J., & Bilt, J. V. (2010). Social Workers Employed in Substance Abuse Treatment Agencies: A Training Needs Assessment. Social Work, 45(2), 141-154.

Hutchinson, A., & Allnock, D. (2014). The Development of Employment-Based Education on Substance use for Social Workers in England: Embedding Substance use Training in Frameworks of Continuing Professional Development. Social Work Education, 33(5), 589-604.

Lee, T. K. (2014). Addiction Education and Training for Counselors: A Qualitative Study of Five Experts. Journal Of Addictions & Offender Counseling, 35(2), 67-80.

Linley, J. V., Mendoza, N. S., & Resko, S. M. (2014). Working on Treatment Teams: Educating Social Work Students to Function as Addiction Specialists within Interdisciplinary Groups. Social Work Education, 33(5), 642-655.

Nielsen, B., & Houborg, E. (2015). Addiction, Drugs, and Experimentation. Contemporary Drug Problems, 42(4), 274-288. doi:10.1177/0091450915605614

Wagaman, M. A., Geiger, J. M., Shockley, C., & Segal, E. A. (2015). The Role of Empathy in Burnout, Compassion Satisfaction, and Secondary Traumatic Stress among Social Workers. Social Work, 60(3), 201-209. doi:10.1093/sw/swv014 Cultural Considerations in Healing from Addictions Essay

Mental Health Case Study – gender identity disorder sample essay

Mental Health Case Study

This paper is an essay that evaluates a fictional clinical case and provides solutions based on a sampled medical and mental condition.

Case Study-Paulee.

Response

How would you respond to Semara in trying to help her be assessed by a professional given   what sounds like an emergency situation? (3 marks)

BUY A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

Paulee is a patient who is suffering from gender identity disorder and this condition has affected her emotional and mental well-being. This lady believes that she is supposed to be a man and her thoughts have clogged her mind such that she has developed suicidal tendencies. The best approach of responding to such a situation is to try and reach out to her through other people who are either transgender or are activists of such issues (Carabez and Scott, 2016). Mental Health Case Study – gender identity disorder sample essay.

The process of relating to a person who is struggling with the same issue is known to be therapeutic and it can even help Paulee to heal from depression and even drop her suicidal thoughts.  This people can also convince her to accept to talk to a professional because her cutting stints are an indication that she is definitely in an emergency situation (Chapman et al, 2012). I believe that communicating with the transgender community and also seeking professional help can really save Paulee from taking her own life. Mental Health Case Study – gender identity disorder sample essay.

Form(s)

What form(s) would she be admitted into the hospital under and why? (3 marks)

The above response is one of the approaches that can be used to persuade or even influence Paulee to seek help from a professional counselor or medic regarding her present medical condition. However, it is possible that she may not play along with the plan or even agree to visit the hospital. Hence, it would be critical if some other form of intervention is used since even her partner has been unable to check her into a medical facility. One of the ways to get Paulee into the hospital is by sedating her. Mental Health Case Study – gender identity disorder sample essay.

The latter is one option that can help in this scenario as the patient often gets violent and throws dangerous objects at people  (Faught, 2016). As such, the patient deserves to be in an incapacitated state where she is not in control and can be carried by others. Mental Health Case Study – gender identity disorder sample essay. Alternatively, Paula can also be anesthetized and then taken to the hospital (Levitt, 2015). This means that she would be unconscious for sometime and this would allow her partner as well as the physician to  transport her to a medical facility with ease.

Conditions/Concerns

What type of condition(s) do you think that Paulee has and what are your concerns? (3 marks)

I believe that Paulee is possibly suffering from gender identity disorder, which is a condition where a person believes that their sex does not match with the gender they have. Further, this type of condition is known to manifest in people who believe that they were born as the wrong person and they require to transition to another form in order for them to accept themselves  (Lim and Bernstein, 2012). Mental Health Case Study – gender identity disorder sample essay. This is the same scenario that has affected Paulee because she keeps on cutting herself around her inner thighs and this reflects that she believes she was supposed to be a man.

Additionally, the depressive state that this patient often suffers from could be a symptom of dysphoria where the person feels as though they are in a distressful situation. Dysphoria is known to affect most people who are struggling with transgender issues because they feel that they are not satisfied with the identity of their gender (Roller et al, 2015). Consequently, they begin to develop serious thoughts that if not treated deteriorate to become suicidal and depressive in nature. Paulee is suffering from these two conditions that and she ought to seek medical attention in order to save her life.

Nursing Care

What type of nursing care would you try to provide for Paulee if she was admitted to your unit? Think about the priorities of care as well as on-going care within the unit (6 marks)

The best form of nursing care that Paulee deserves to get is the personalized care where the patient gets to be assisted by a medical personnel in a different way from the conventional diagnose-treat approach. Personal care centers its efforts on making sure that the patient can be able to be attended to by the nurse at all times and in an all-rounded manner (Margolies, 2014).

The nurse in this case should be able to offer Paulee much more than the usual medicines. One way of going about it is trying to establish a connection with the patient so as to understand what troubles them deeply. From here, the nurse can be able to know how to help them deal with their depressive thoughts such as encouraging them to think positively and embrace themselves (Margolies, 2014). The nurse could even offer advice in case they have worked with transgender patients before so that Paulee can be able to relate.

It would also help to keep motivating the patient by helping them to focus on their good sides and achievements in life. In so doing, this person can be able to look above her gender identity disorder, her disability and even relationship troubles so that she can heal much faster. Personal care in nursing has been known to yield positive results as the patient often feels that her troubles, concerns and worries are taken up by another individual who is equally anxious and desires to see them get better by the day. Mental Health Case Study – gender identity disorder sample essay.
 

References

Carabez, R., & Scott, M. (2016). ‘Nurses don’t deal with these issues’: nurses’ role in advance care planning for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender patients. Journal Of Clinical Nursing, 25(23/24), 3707-3715. doi:10.1111/jocn.13336

Chapman, R., Watkins, R., Zappia, T., Nicol, P., & Shields, L. (2012). Nursing and medical students’ attitude, knowledge and beliefs regarding lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender parents seeking health care for their children. Journal Of Clinical Nursing, 21(7/8), 938-945. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03892.x Mental Health Case Study – gender identity disorder sample essay

Faught, D. D. (2016). Professional Issues. Coming Full Circle: The Old Becomes New Again — Cultural Competence and the Transgender Client. MEDSURG Nursing, 25(4), 285-286.

Levitt, N. (2015). Clinical Nursing Care for Transgender Patients With Cancer. Clinical Journal Of Oncology Nursing, 19(3), 362-367. doi:10.1188/15.CJON.362-366

Lim, F. A., & Bernstein, I. (2012). Promoting Awareness Of LGBT Issues In Aging in a Baccalaureate Nursing Program. Nursing Education Perspectives (National League For Nursing), 33(3), 170-175. doi:10.5480/1536-5026-33.3.170

Margolies, L. (2014). The Psychosocial Needs of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, or Transgender Patients With Cancer. Clinical Journal Of Oncology Nursing, 18(4), 462-464. doi:10.1188/14.CJON.462-464

Roller, C. G., Sedlak, C., & Draucker, C. B. (2015). Navigating the System: How Transgender Individuals Engage in Health Care Services. Journal Of Nursing Scholarship, 47(5), 417-424. doi:10.1111/jnu.12160

 

Case Study (15%)

 

The case study provides you with an opportunity to directly apply your knowledge learned this semester to case study. Please choose one of the two following case studies and analyze it directly according to the questions posted:

Feel free to use a first person perspective where you link ideas of yourself within your paper (i.e., the reason you chose your topic).

The paper should be no longer than 3 1/2 pages in length double spaced. Please note this means you must be succinct and thorough. Do not write in point form but use the usual paragraphs and sentences for this assignment.

Pages beyond the 3/12-page content limit will not be marked.

The page count will not include the cover page and reference list.

It is strongly recommended that you use headings as per the rubric and address the content required carefully.

3 current scholarly peer- reviewed articles should be incorporated in this paper. Government or professional organization resources will be considered “extra” references.

*Please note this essay must be written using strong APA format (i.e., title page, body of your paper and reference section). As mentioned, you can use a first person perspective when required in your writing for this course.

Enclosed you will find the headings expected for each case study. Remember that all you have to do is one case study. Ensure you follow the marking scheme beside the question in the syllabus. This will help you guage how many points you need per question.

Please ensure you review the syllabus carefully before addressing each question.

Case Study-
Paulee

Please use these headings if addressing this case study:

Response

Form(s)

Conditions/Concerns

Nursing Care

Case study-
Jorden

Please use the following headings if addressing this case study: 

Questions

Concerns

Form(s)

Worries

Hallucination Interventions

 

 

 

 

Case Study One – Paulee  

You are a nurse who is employed in a large city assertive community health outreach team. You have been assigned a 25 year old woman named Paulee. She lives with her partner in an apartment she rents using her disability support.

You have been asked to see this woman as she has been admitted to the hospital 5 times in the past year. The reason for admission has been self-inflicted injuries to her wrist and inner thigh region.

Upon meeting her at her home she says “I just can’t work or get it together.” She admits to feeling depressed and is having significant problems with her partner. She says “we are always fighting and things keep changing in our relationship.”

On your second visit to see Paulee she admits to you that she believes she “has always been transgender and that she cuts to relieve the stress she feels from her ongoing suicidal thoughts.” She said to you one day “I don’t care if I die. Even this stupid cutting that I am doing is not helping me anymore. Nothing helps..not the pills they give me or the booze I drink even touches my pain.”

One day you are in your office and you get a call from her partner Semara who says to you “I know you have been coming to see her as her nurse. I can’t take it anymore. I come home and find blood all over the bathroom from her constant cutting. She has been throwing things at me and is again threatening suicide. She is not eating anymore and keeps saying she will never fit -in and that our relationship is doomed because she wants to be a man.”  Semara continues saying “Paulee refuses to go to the hospital and I am afraid to leave her alone. I think she needs another admission. I don’t know what to do? How can I get to her to the emergency department on my own?

Questions

How would you respond to Semara in trying to help her be assessed by a professional given what sounds like an emergency situation? (3 marks)

What form(s) would she be admitted into the hospital under and why? (3 marks)

What type of condition(s) do you think that Paulee has and what are your concerns? (3 marks)

What type of nursing care would you try to provide for Paulee if she was admitted to your unit? Think about the priorities of care as well as on-going care within the unit (6 marks)

 

 

 

 

Case Study Two – Jorden 

You are a nurse working evenings in the emergency department of an urban hospital. A 19 year of male patient named Jorden comes into your agency accompanied by his parents.

In relaying the reason for bringing Jorden into your setting his parent’s say “we don’t know what is wrong with him but we are starting to get worried. For a few weeks now we notice he is not speaking and is over eating. He used to be a very outgoing boy but we find that he is much more sullen and at times appears to be off in space day dreaming.”

They tell you that he was a star athlete on his hockey team up until he got into a fight during a game and hit his head a few months ago. They say he was admitted at your hospital with a fairly major concussion. Since then he has stopped playing hockey and just wants to watch T.V. holed up in his room and smoke pot. He has been eating more but refusing to go out with friends saying “they freak him out and that they are out to get him.” They say we have tried to reason with him but he is insistent he is being followed.

Since the incident he has not returned to school and interacts minimally with the family. They said the only time he goes out of the house is to get his marijuana and come home.

The parents say their family doctor has been worried about him and started him on a low dose of an antidepressant.  The parents say “enough is enough, he won’t shower and is eating us out of house and home and there is something wrong with how he is thinking—it is like he is paranoid about everything. He is just not the same kid we knew. He needs some help? Mental Health Case Study – gender identity disorder sample essay

When you meet Jorden you notice he is disheveled. He cannot maintain eye contact and does appear preoccupied in thought. He is mute and is refusing to speak. You sense that he is angry that his parents brought him to the hospital and that he has no insight into why he is here. In observing him you notice he turns his head to the side and whispers. In between times you are trying to engage him he returns to listening to his ear phones on full volume.

Questions

Upon admission, what type of questions would you ask of Jorden?  How would you address his preoccupation? Try to think of ways you could approach him to elicit answers?  (3)

What type of concerns would you have for this young man in terms of diagnosis (s) and why? (3)

If admitted to the hospital what form(s) would he be admitted under and why? (3)

What worries do you have in terms of his marijuana use and why? (3 marks)

How would you plan to interact with someone who has paranoia and may be experiencing hallucinations? (3). Mental Health Case Study – gender identity disorder sample essay

 

Appendix A

 

 Promoting Healthy Aging: The Role of the Nurse

 

Topic:
ELDERLY ABUSE

 

Research Question in PICO format:  

DOES PATIENT EDUCATION, COMPARED TO NURSING EDUCATION PREVENTS ABUSE AMONG OLDER ADULTS.

P (Population/Patient) = Older adults, I (Intervention) = Patient Education, C (Comparative) = Nursing Education, O (Outcome) = Prevention of abuse (or even reduction)

 

Note
: Education here may or may not necessarily means degree or schooling. It also involves, learning, awareness, enlightenment, knowledge, counselling, guidance, literacy etc. Mental Health Case Study – gender identity disorder sample essay

 

Purpose:

This paper allows students to explore a contemporary issue that affects the healthy aging of older Canadian adults.  Students will analyze their chosen issue within the context of healthy aging.

 

                                              Marking and Paper Format Scheme                               

Marks

Introduction, Purpose and Background

·         Clearly define and describe the issue. Explain why this issue is important to: (a) the health of Canadian older adults; and (b) nursing practice (10 marks).

·         Clearly state your purpose or researchable question (5 marks). Mental Health Case Study – gender identity disorder sample essay

 

 

 

15

Strategies to Promote/Protect Health

·         Clearly and concisely describe your literature search strategy and the results of your search (5 marks).

·         Report
three
evidence-based interventions (2012 – 2017)
from research articles
that address your chosen issue. For each intervention (10 marks), report the following:

1.    Major findings: Describe the intervention in detail.

2.Relevance: How is the intervention relevant to your topic?

3.Usefulness: Are there any limitations (research or practical) to its usefulness for your selected topic?

4.    Reliability of data: Do the authors convince you that the evidence regarding this intervention is reliable? Why or why not?

5.    Credibility: Is the resource credible? Explain. Mental Health Case Study – gender identity disorder sample essay

 

 

 

 

 

 

35

The Nurse’s Role in Health Promotion/ Protection

·         What is the role of the nurse when addressing this issue in healthy aging? Consider:

1.the CNA (2015) Framework for the Practice of Registered Nurses in Canada (5 marks)

2.the holistic needs of older adults (physical, psychological, social, cultural, spiritual) (5 marks).

·         What are potential barriers/challenges for the nurse to consider when he/she is implementing the interventions (5 marks), and how might they be overcome? (5 marks)

 

 

 

 

20

Summary and Conclusions

·         Briefly summarize the purpose and main findings, and offer conclusions.

 

 

5

Writing Process

·         APA format (6
th
edition APA, second printing)

·         Scholarly Writing (spelling, grammar, organization, flow, depth of discussion)

·         Peer feedback form completed and submitted (signed by author and reviewer). Written paragraph that clearly summarizes the areas upon which you focused to improve your paper (refer to marker feedback provided in 63-171) Mental Health Case Study – gender identity disorder sample essay

 

10

10

 

5

 

 

Total

/100

 

Students must submit their own papers.

Important Information:

Page length is
four
double-spaced pages. Use APA 6
th
edition, second printing for format and writing style. Pages beyond
four
will not be marked nor read. The page limit does

not
include the title page, reference list, or appendix.

 

A minimum of three peer-reviewed articles, from scholarly sources will be used to support evidence based strategies and interventions. In addition, textbooks and other scholarly sources may be used to support your analyses. These articles
must
also be submitted with your paper, or your paper will be deemed late until they are submitted. Mental Health Case Study – gender identity disorder sample essay

 

All papers must be submitted to a plagiarism detection software for assessment. The originality report, with written explanation of similarity, must be submitted. Refer to course outline for detailed policies.

 

The paper must be submitted in a plain envelope, with your student number marked on the outside, otherwise the paper will not be accepted by the instructor.

 

Electronic paper submission is not permitted.

 

See the marking scheme and rubric for further detailed grading criteria

 

Writing style deductions will apply to papers. One mark will be deducted for every new spelling, grammar and sentence structure error, up to a maximum of 10 marks. Mental Health Case Study – gender identity disorder sample essay

 

Rubric for Grading Written Assignments

 

Category

Superior

Very Good

Average

Failing grade

Response to the Assignment

Applicable, plausible

Sophisticated insight into the concept of health within current and future trends. Many new ideas expressed.

Describes new concepts accurately.

Some insight and originality demonstrated.

 

Uses familiar concepts, offers few new concepts. Response to the assignment is adequate.

Lack of comprehensive thought or structure. Does not meet criteria for assignment.

Use of Evidence 

 

Logical reasoning and support for statements.

 

Examples of primary sources evident. Critiques, analyzes, generates unanswered questions. Excellent integration of cited material into paper.

Mental Health Case Study – gender identity disorder sample essay

 

Examples of primary sources present.

Citations well integrated.

Some examples from the literature used to support points.

Quotes not well integrated.

 

No evidence of support from the literature referred to.

Quotes “plopped into the paper” Not integrated into sentences in a meaningful way.

Degree of Analysis

 

Analysis is fresh and exciting, poses new ways to view material and concepts.

Evidence related although points may not be clear.

Analysis offers nothing new, quotes do not relate to analysis

No attempt to link evidence to argument.

Application to Practice

Clear and definitive implications to self development are evident.

Application to self described: fair degree of breadth / depth of argument.

Surface level degree of application.

No application to self demonstrated or inappropriate application.

Professional Writing

Excellence throughout and is creative and original in thought. Excellent flow of logic and reason.

Free of grammatical errors and APA errors, presents ideas clearly and professionally. Mental Health Case Study – gender identity disorder sample essay

Presents ideas clearly and professionally. Good flow of logic and reason.

Free of grammatical errors and APA errors.

Presents ideas adequately with some laps in logic and reason.

Some grammatical or APA errors.

Writing clarity and flow is poor. No logical follow through of ideas.

Many grammatical and APA errors.

Loneliness in Older Adults – Criticize Nursing Literature DETAILS

Criticize Nursing Literature

Purpose of paper/assignment: Criticize nursing literature

Read two articles found on lib website
 TAB: NUR201 
(BOTH ARTICLE COPIES ATTACHED)

Two pages on each article
. Read article at least four times Identify three things you learned from the article – not a summary Think outside the box, what did the article make you think about? From key points come up with two nursing actions “don’t say when you have a pt who had diabetes, I did this – think big picture Loneliness in Older Adults – Criticize Nursing Literature

BUY A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

One paragraph
 on how you would apply Watson’s caritas – in that discussion must show that you understand the caritas 
DO NOT JUST SAY
: ”I’m going to apply Watson’s caritas number 7 for this pt…”

Do not 
need an intro paragraph, rather can you just a sentence that mentions the article and what it is about it AND write what the 3 points are in the 
first paragraph
.

Two paragraphs
 on nursing action and 
third paragraph You apply Watson’s caritas

When you get into the second article, 
you can add a heading
. Each paper is worth 20 and grammar is worth 5 Hand in rubric with paper with hard copy Article can be in first person – BUT be careful. 
Can use
 “I will use this information in this way…”, 
should not
 be using “we nurses…” or “us…” KEY POINTS are in the end parts of the review/articles Nursing action is something you do for your patient AND/OR what you do for yourself Example, “I want to go out and educate myself in this topic so I can provide better care” Can be an article that will help achieve your learning outcomes Scholarly paper, max 4 pages (not including cover page + references) – will not read past 4 pages

Two pages 
per article
 – it is NOT a creative writing assignment, it is a SCHOLARY paper APA format (referencing, double space, 12 font, 1” margin, etc)

Article 1

Introduction

Loneliness has been identified a significant concern in the adult population. Loneliness is associated with old age due to multiple causes. Even though there is a gap in literature with regard to understanding what loneliness means in adults, it still remains that embodiments of loneliness are problems that affect older people (Smith, 2012). This article gives insight into 3 important issues related to loneliness, especially in the adult generation by first under how older people experience loneliness, secondly, how they cope with loneliness and third, how older people perceive loneliness and its effects on their well-being.

Judith Smith’s article on Loneliness in Older Adults is one of the important journals, especially in the field of gerontological nursing based on the informative insight that it offers, especially on aspects to do with the problem of loneliness that affects a huge number of the ageing population. Personally, on reading the article, I was so much informed on how loneliness, a small word, is much bigger and a worrying scope, especially to the growing number of older people in the society. The article did open my intellectual scope by far. Loneliness hurts. As Smith puts it, not having a person to talk to, pets to mingle with or a person to take care of your needs as you grow older is a worrying trend among the adult population in many places across the globe.

Smith argued that many older people experience loneliness in their everyday life due to disrupted meaningful engagement with others as a result of a host of age-related changes or problems that come with advanced age. However, majority of such people have tried their best to cope with loneliness by undertaking a number of practices that make them forget their loneliness such as telephoning families, visiting old friends and attending fun activities among others (Weinstein et al., 2016). It was further argued that loneliness can end up affecting the health or well-being of individuals as the embodiment of loneliness shows instances of fatigue, tension, emptiness and withdrawal which ends up affecting the health of such people.

Nursing interventions are however not far away. There are steps that can be followed to ensure that older people do not experience instances of loneliness. For instance, as a nurse, I would ensure that sensory organs of the older people such as eyes and ears are regularly checked so that they do not experience instances of loneliness. Secondly, I will ensure that I actively get involved with local area agencies dealing with aspects of aging on how assistance such as home-delivered meals, help with household chores, and transportation among can be provided to the older people.

Closely related to the above, I would apply Watson Caritas’ theory of human caring which argues that nurses should be individuals inhibiting traits of compassion mainly concerned with how a nurse can go about caring for their patients and how the caring aspect progresses or advances into better plans aimed at promoting the health and wellness, restoring health and preventing illnesses (Spoorenberg et al., 2015). To the old, I would ensure that such persons are accorded necessary care and other programs put in place to ensure that they forget their loneliness.

Article 2

           
The pace at which older adults in many places across the globe is increasing is unimaginable. In the UK, for instance, life expectancy is increasing meaning that the percentage of the ageing population is increasing. In fact, by 2035, more than 25% of the adult population will be made of individuals above 65 years. However, older persons are vulnerable to a host of mental health challenges including anxiety, depression, drug and alcohol misuse, depression, anxiety and dementia (Eells, 2014). However, music is seen as a therapeutic intervention regarded as the most influential in promoting the wellbeing of the ageing population. It has been identified that music interventions can be used to promote the wellbeing of older adults. Materials to do with the effects of music on dementia and reducing agitated behavior in older adults have been widely published.

Effects of music on managing anxiety and other illnesses in older adults

Karen Eells wrote and published an informative medical journal on how the use of music can help to reduce anxiety in older adults. Eells reviewed the growing evidence suggesting that music is one nursing intervention that can be used to promote the wellbeing of older adults (Eells, 2014). Karen’s article is informative and eye opening. From reading the article, I learnt a lot of issues. Loneliness in Older Adults – Criticize Nursing Literature. Karen carefully crafts and shows evidenced-based case studies on how older people themselves prefer alternative actions such as relaxation and distraction, including listening to music and singing along to improving or promoting their wellbeing (Huei-chuan and Chang, 2005).

Nursing Interventions

Lately, a lot of people have been choosing nursing as a profession. Before making such choices, a lot of issues have to be considered. However, compassion, care, and the heart to be patient as some of the most common factors or traits required of nurses. In the context of the older populations, there are some interventions to improve the wellbeing of such people. For instance, as a nurse, I would ensure that the wellness of older adults is taken care of by first, making sure that such music as therapeutic interventions are used as means of promoting their wellbeing. This is informed by the growing body of research indicating that music can be healing to the extent of reducing anxiety and other illnesses (Choi, Lee and Lim, 2008). Loneliness in Older Adults – Criticize Nursing Literature.

Secondly, the aging population, due to their advanced age may lack the necessary advice on what activities to do or what foods to eat that can be crucial in lengthening their lives. For this reason, I would ensure that steps are put in place for nearly all health centres or come up with community initiatives on proper interventions that can be used to reach these people and advice them on best activities and foods to eat that can lengthen or prolong their lives.

 

Watson’s theory of Nursing

According to Watson’s theory, nursing is concerned with promoting health, preventing illnesses, caring for the sick, and restoring health. Her theory is concerned on how nurses can go about caring for their patients. To Watson, caring is central to nursing as it enhances health better than a simple medical cure (Huei-chuan and Chang, 2005). For this reason, I would employ nearly all of her concepts such as showing love, creating a healing environment, assisting with basic needs and engaging with the sick to promote wellness and the overall healing process. Loneliness in Older Adults – Criticize Nursing Literature.

Conclusion

The pace at which old people are increasing in nearly all communities across the globe is increasing on daily basis. Their numbers are increasing significantly but on the other hand, such people continue to face a host of challenges. For instance, loneliness is a growing worry that such people have to deal with. However, with nursing, there are a number of interventions that can be employed to ensure that such people can cope with loneliness in addition to other instances such as anxiety. By involving them in a number of activities in addition to using music, their wellness can be enhanced. Loneliness in Older Adults – Criticize Nursing Literature.

References

Choi, A., Lee, M. S., & Lim, H. (2008). Effects of Group Music Intervention on Depression, Anxiety, and Relationships in Psychiatric Patients: A Pilot Study.
Journal Of Alternative & Complementary Medicine
,
14
(5), 567-570.

Eells, K. (2014). THE USE OF MUSIC AND SINGING TO HELP MANAGE ANXIETY IN OLDER ADULTS.
Mental Health Practice
,
17
(5), 10-17.

Huei-chuan, S., & Chang, A. M. (2005). Use of preferred music to decrease agitated behaviours in older people with dementia: a review of the literature.
Journal Of Clinical Nursing
,
14
(9), 1133-1140.

Smith, J. M. (2012). Toward a Better Understanding of Loneliness In Community-Dwelling Older Adults.
Journal Of Psychology
,
146
(3), 293-311. Loneliness in Older Adults – Criticize Nursing Literature.

Spoorenberg, S. W., Wynia, K., Fokkens, A. S., Slotman, K., Kremer, H. H., & Reijneveld, S. A. (2015). Experiences of Community-Living Older Adults Receiving Integrated Care Based on the Chronic Care Model: A Qualitative Study.
Plos ONE
,
10
(10), 1-21.

Weinstein, B. E., Sirow, L. W., & Moser, S. (2016). Relating Hearing Aid Use to Social and Emotional Loneliness in Older Adults.
American Journal Of Audiology
,
25
(1), 54-61. Loneliness in Older Adults – Criticize Nursing Literature.

PICOT essay – does patient education, compared to nursing education prevents abuse among older adults details

Topic: 
ELDERLY ABUSE

 
Research Question in PICO format:

“DOES PATIENT EDUCATION, COMPARED TO NURSING EDUCATION PREVENTS ABUSE AMONG OLDER ADULTS”

P (Population/Patient) = Older adults, I (Intervention) = Patient Education, C (Comparative) = Nursing Education, O (Outcome) = Prevention of abuse (or even reduction)

 

Note
:
Education here may or may not necessarily means degree or schooling. It also involves, learning, awareness, enlightenment, knowledge, counselling, guidance, literacy etc. PICOT essay – does patient education, compared to nursing education prevents abuse among older adults

BUY A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

Purpose:

This paper allows students to explore a contemporary issue that affects the healthy aging of older Canadian adults.  Students will analyze their chosen issue within the context of healthy aging.

 
 

 

Nursing Paper Assignment

Overview

The showcasing of care and concern towards a sick person is often described as one of the intangible medicines that rapidly hastens the process of recovery. It is an obvious fact that the ill individuals desire to be treated with love and comfort so that the path to healing can be a worthwhile one. The number of health care workers who are able to display such empathy to their patients is quite low, as some of them are known for inflicting pain and suffering instead. The abuse of elderly patients is a problem that is persistent within the medical field where older patients find hostility and aggression being meted upon them. Elderly abuse is a serious problem since it hinders the quick recovery of the sick and even impacts negatively on their overall well-being. This paper is a nursing essay that discusses elderly abuse with regards to whether patient education can be used as a viable solution to mitigate this challenge. PICOT essay – does patient education, compared to nursing education prevents abuse among older adults.

 

Essay Task

Explore a contemporary issue in nursing that affects the healthy ageing of older Canadian adults. Analyze this chosen issue within the context of healthy ageing and incorporate the PICO format to answer the research question. The PICO format that applies in this case is P (Population/Patient) = Older adults, I (Intervention) = Patient Education, C (Comparative) = Nursing Education, O (Outcome) = Prevention of abuse (or even reduction)

 
Essay Topic

Elderly abuse.

 
Research Question in PICO Format

Does patient education prevent abuse among older adults compared to nursing education? PICOT essay – does patient education, compared to nursing education prevents abuse among older adults

 
Body

The prevalence of elderly abuse within the Canadian context is quite alarming with statistics indicating that a significant proportion of the older sick population have at one time been victims of this predicament. The display of any form or type of maltreatment such as physical torture, emotional blackmail or even psychological cruelty is what constitutes elderly abuse (Alizadeh et al, 2014). PICOT essay – does patient education, compared to nursing education prevents abuse among older adults. The latter is a very important issue in the field of health care and nursing since it deals with the well-being of the older generation and how they are handled when they fall sick. It is a well-known fact that most older patients tend to suffer from mental diseases such as Alzheimer’s, schizophrenia or even cognitive impairment (Mishra et al, 2016).

This kind of ailments leaves them vulnerable to abuse where nurses and health care workers tend to treat them with a lot of disdain and disregard. For instance, some nurses are known to mete out emotional and verbal abuse to the elderly patients such that their either ignore their alarm bells or talk to them harshly when they ask for assistance (Campbell et al, 2011). It is for this reason that patient education becomes vital since it can assist the elderly to deal with issues of abuse and mistreatment in health care facilities.

Patient education is a concept of learning that endeavors to sensitize the older population of how they can take care of themselves as they age (Hickey and Douglass, 2011). Moreover, it is through this form of learning that the elderly can be assured of healthy ageing in a manner that is devoid of any abuse or neglect. The evaluation of the best approach to adopt when it comes to patient education and healthy ageing among older Canadians is the PICO format (Vaillant et al, 2016). The latter is a nursing concept that seeks to find solutions in medical care by analyzing the population in question, the intervention programs, comparative scenario and eventually the outcome that is expected.

In this case, the patient population is the older adults who are at high risk of being abused by nurses and other medical practitioners. The extent of abuse to the elderly patients has no limit as it spreads beyond the physical to the emotional and mental well-being. This is why patient education is deemed as the most feasible and practical intervention that can effectively handle their plight. It is through patient education that the elderly can be taught how to take good care of themselves as they age in a progressive manner (Campbell et al, 2011). What’s more, nurses and health experts can assist the elderly to improve their wellness by educating them more about the medical conditions that affect them.

For instance, an older person that suffers from Parkinson’s disease can be taught about the diagnosis of this illness and the best approaches to embrace so as to manage it (Harford, 2016). Further, the older person can be taught ways of improving their own patient safety, especially when they are left alone in the home. PICOT essay – does patient education, compared to nursing education prevents abuse among older adults. Patient education is compared to nursing education so as to demonstrate which among the two is more effective. Nursing education predominately focuses on equipping nurses with the right information and expertise that they can use to treat and take care of their patients (Vaillant et al, 2016).

The opposite is true for patient education that seeks to assist the sick by teaching them ways in which they can take charge of their ailments and diseases. It is for this reason that the latter form of education is deemed as more effective as it strives to ensure that older sick people can take care of themselves to a significant extent. This assertion is supported by Kear (2016) who affirms that patient education contributes immensely to safety and quick recovery of the elderly compared to nursing education. Furthermore, Sherman (2016) concurs greatly with this fact by stating that patient education is one of the best initiatives that can help the older population to have a healthy ageing process.

Sherman (2016) goes ahead to explain that patient education is known to be effective when it is implemented through the right angle. For example, patients who are educated on ways of healthy ageing tend to be less depressed and happier compared to the rest of the sick population. The final element within the PICO framework is the outcome and in this case, it is the reduction of abuse for the elderly ones. PICOT essay – does patient education, compared to nursing education prevents abuse among older adults. One of the most suitable ways of obtaining the best possible outcome is through promotion of healthy ageing by emphasizing the role of nurses (Harford, 2016).  The Canadian Nurses Association or the CNA is a certified body that deals with the welfare of nurses and their professional expertise.

Nurses play a very pivotal role when it comes to healthy ageing since they are the ones that educate the elderly on a myriad of issues related to their physical well-being (Kear, 2016). Further, the CAN framework encourages nurses to consider a holistic approach to healing for their older patients where they not only focus on their sickness, but also on the cultural, spiritual and even psychological factors PICOT essay – does patient education, compared to nursing education prevents abuse among older adults. The challenge with this approach is that patient education may not be the same for every older person, especially of the diseases or ailments affect their cognitive abilities (Kear, 2016). The availability of evidence-based interventions for dealing with elderly abuse through patient education is sufficient proof that this strategy is a worthwhile endeavor.

In sum, nursing is one of the instrumental fields of learning that is centered on improving the health status of the human race. This area of study has been credited with a lot of success and accomplishments that stretch from improved health care to significant medical discoveries. However, there have also been a number of problems that have been reported, with elderly abuse being the most common. PICOT essay – does patient education, compared to nursing education prevents abuse among older adults. The Canadian population has a significant percentage of older people who have fallen victim to either mistreatment or neglect from nurses. Healthy ageing for the elderly is quite essential as it ensures that they are able to grow older through a holistic approach. Patient education has been shown to be a very practical and successful approach to combating and mitigating elderly abuse as it equips the older population with teachings that they can use to deal with their illness and promote overall wellness.

References

Alizadeh-Khoei, M., Sharifi, F., Hossain, S. Z., Fakhrzadeh, H., & Salimi, Z. (2014). Elder Abuse: Risk Factors of Abuse in Elderly Community-Dwelling Iranians. Educational Gerontology, 40(7), 543-554.

Campbell Reay, A. M., & Browne, K. D. (2011). Risk factor characteristics in carers who physically abuse or neglect their elderly dependants. Aging & Mental Health, 5(1), 56-62. doi:10.1080/13607860020020654

Harford, R. (2016). Continuing Nursing Education. Relationship Between Age and Pre-End Stage Renal Disease Care in Elderly Patients Treated with Maintenance Hemodialysis. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 43(2), 101-108.

Hickey, T., & Douglass, R. L. (2011). Mistreatment of the Elderly in the Domestic Setting: An Exploratory Study. American Journal Of Public Health, 71(5), 500-50 PICOT essay – does patient education, compared to nursing education prevents abuse among older adults

Kear, T. M. (2016). Continuing Nursing Education. Patient Handoffs: What They Are and How They Contribute to Patient Safety. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 43(4), 339-343.

Mishra, R., Shekhar, C., & Gouda, J. (2016). Abuse Against Elderly Widows in India and Selected States: An Exploration from BKPAI Survey. Indian Journal Of Gerontology, 30(2), 184-199.

Sherman, J. R. (2016). An Initiative to Improve Patient Education by Clinical Nurses. MEDSURG Nursing, 25(5), 297-333.

Vaillant-Roussel, H., Laporte, C., Pereira, B., De Rosa, M., Eschalier, B., Vorilhon, C., & … Vorilhon, P. (2016). Impact of patient education on chronic heart failure in primary care (ETIC): a cluster randomised trial. BMC Family Practice, 171-13. Doi: 10.1186/s12875-016-0473-4 PICOT essay – does patient education, compared to nursing education prevents abuse among older adults

Appendix A –
 Promoting Healthy Aging: The Role of the Nurse

 
Topic:
ELDERLY ABUSE

 
Research Question in PICO format:  

DOES PATIENT EDUCATION, COMPARED TO NURSING EDUCATION PREVENTS ABUSE AMONG OLDER ADULTS.

P (Population/Patient) = Older adults, I (Intervention) = Patient Education, C (Comparative) = Nursing Education, O (Outcome) = Prevention of abuse (or even reduction)

 
Note
: Education here may or may not necessarily means degree or schooling. It also involves, learning, awareness, enlightenment, knowledge, counselling, guidance, literacy etc. Promoting Healthy Aging: The Role of the Nurse.

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Purpose:

This paper allows students to explore a contemporary issue that affects the healthy aging of older Canadian adults.  Students will analyze their chosen issue within the context of healthy aging.

 

                                              Marking and Paper Format Scheme                               

Marks

Introduction, Purpose and Background

·         Clearly define and describe the issue. Explain why this issue is important to: (a) the health of Canadian older adults; and (b) nursing practice (10 marks).

·         Clearly state your purpose or researchable question (5 marks).

 

 

 

15

Strategies to Promote/Protect Health

·         Clearly and concisely describe your literature search strategy and the results of your search (5 marks). Promoting Healthy Aging: The Role of the Nurse.

·         Report
three
evidence-based interventions (2012 – 2017)
from research articles
that address your chosen issue. For each intervention (10 marks), report the following:

1.    Major findings: Describe the intervention in detail.

2.Relevance: How is the intervention relevant to your topic?

3.Usefulness: Are there any limitations (research or practical) to its usefulness for your selected topic?

4.    Reliability of data: Do the authors convince you that the evidence regarding this intervention is reliable? Why or why not? Promoting Healthy Aging: The Role of the Nurse.

5.    Credibility: Is the resource credible? Explain.

 

 

 

 

 

 

35

The Nurse’s Role in Health Promotion/ Protection

·         What is the role of the nurse when addressing this issue in healthy aging? Consider:

1.the CNA (2015) Framework for the Practice of Registered Nurses in Canada (5 marks)

2.the holistic needs of older adults (physical, psychological, social, cultural, spiritual) (5 marks).

·         What are potential barriers/challenges for the nurse to consider when he/she is implementing the interventions (5 marks), and how might they be overcome? (5 marks)

 

 

 

 

20

Summary and Conclusions

·         Briefly summarize the purpose and main findings, and offer conclusions.

 

 

5

Writing Process

·         APA format (6
th
edition APA, second printing)

·         Scholarly Writing (spelling, grammar, organization, flow, depth of discussion)

·         Peer feedback form completed and submitted (signed by author and reviewer). Written paragraph that clearly summarizes the areas upon which you focused to improve your paper (refer to marker feedback provided in 63-171) Promoting Healthy Aging: The Role of the Nurse

 

10

10

 

5

 

 

Total

/100

 

Students must submit their own papers.

Important Information:

Page length is
four
double-spaced pages. Use APA 6
th
edition, second printing for format and writing style. Pages beyond
four
will not be marked nor read. The page limit does

not
include the title page, reference list, or appendix. Promoting Healthy Aging: The Role of the Nurse.

 

A minimum of three peer-reviewed articles, from scholarly sources will be used to support evidence based strategies and interventions. In addition, textbooks and other scholarly sources may be used to support your analyses. These articles
must
also be submitted with your paper, or your paper will be deemed late until they are submitted.

 

All papers must be submitted to a plagiarism detection software for assessment. The originality report, with written explanation of similarity, must be submitted. Refer to course outline for detailed policies.

 

The paper must be submitted in a plain envelope, with your student number marked on the outside, otherwise the paper will not be accepted by the instructor.

 

Electronic paper submission is not permitted.

 

See the marking scheme and rubric for further detailed grading criteria

 

Writing style deductions will apply to papers. Promoting Healthy Aging: The Role of the Nurse. One mark will be deducted for every new spelling, grammar and sentence structure error, up to a maximum of 10 marks.

 

Rubric for Grading Written Assignments

 

Category

Superior

Very Good

Average

Failing grade

Response to the Assignment

Applicable, plausible

Sophisticated insight into the concept of health within current and future trends. Many new ideas expressed.

Promoting Healthy Aging: The Role of the Nurse

Describes new concepts accurately.

Some insight and originality demonstrated.

 

Uses familiar concepts, offers few new concepts. Response to the assignment is adequate.

Lack of comprehensive thought or structure. Does not meet criteria for assignment.

Use of Evidence 

 

Logical reasoning and support for statements.

 

Examples of primary sources evident. Critiques, analyzes, generates unanswered questions. Excellent integration of cited material into paper.

 

Examples of primary sources present.

Citations well integrated.

Some examples from the literature used to support points.

Quotes not well integrated.

 

No evidence of support from the literature referred to.

Quotes “plopped into the paper” Not integrated into sentences in a meaningful way.

Degree of Analysis

 

Analysis is fresh and exciting, poses new ways to view material and concepts.

Evidence related although points may not be clear.

Analysis offers nothing new, quotes do not relate to analysis

No attempt to link evidence to argument.

Application to Practice

Clear and definitive implications to self development are evident. Promoting Healthy Aging: The Role of the Nurse

Application to self described: fair degree of breadth / depth of argument.

Surface level degree of application.

No application to self demonstrated or inappropriate application.

Professional Writing

Excellence throughout and is creative and original in thought. Excellent flow of logic and reason.

Free of grammatical errors and APA errors, presents ideas clearly and professionally.

Presents ideas clearly and professionally. Good flow of logic and reason.

Free of grammatical errors and APA errors.

Presents ideas adequately with some laps in logic and reason.

Some grammatical or APA errors.

Writing clarity and flow is poor. No logical follow through of ideas.

Many grammatical and APA errors.

Promoting Healthy Aging: The Role of the Nurse

NURS-6521 Advanced Pharmacology Week 2 Exam questions and answers

Quizzes Review Test Submission: Week 2 – Quiz

Review Test Submission: Week 2 –

Quiz

Course NURS-6521N-7/NURS-6521F-7/NURS-6521D-7-Advanced

Pharmacology2018 Fall Quarter 08/27-11/18-PT27

Test Week 2 – Quiz

Status Completed

Attempt

Score

24 out of 25 points

Time

Elapsed

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35 minutes out of 1 hour

Instructions

Results

Displayed

Feedback

Please answer each question below and click Submit when you have completed the Quiz.

Question 1

These drugs have a potential for abuse, but the potential is lower than for drugs on Schedule

2. These drugs contain a combination of controlled and noncontrolled substances. Use of

these drugs can cause a moderate to low physiologic dependence and a higher psychological

dependence. A verbal order can be given to the pharmacy and the prescription can be

relled up to ve times within 6 months. Examples include certain narcotics (codeine) and

nonbarbiturate sedatives. This is scheduled drug

COURSES



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Question 2

Response

Feedback:

A 46-year-old white American has been prescribed a drug that binds to acid glycoproteins.

The nurse understands that white Americans usually receive

White Americans have been found to have more acid glycoproteins than

other ethnic groups. Therefore, when they take drugs that bind to these

proteins, they have lower amounts of free or active drug than when the same

dose is given to someone of another ethnic group. Since the patient is a white

American, he has been prescribed a higher-than-normal dose of the drug

that binds to the acid glycoprotein. NURS-6521 Advanced Pharmacology Week 2 Exam questions and answers

Question 3

Response

Feedback:

A nurse working for a drug company is involved in phase III drug evaluation studies. Which of

the following might the nurse be responsible for during this stage of drug development?

Phase III studies involve administering investigational drugs to patients in a

vast clinical market who are voluntarily enrolled in double-blind studies. In

phase I studies, a small number of healthy human volunteers are given the

drug after blood urine and other appropriate samples are taken to monitor

drug metabolism. Sometimes volunteers who have a certain disease are used

in phase I instead of healthy volunteers if the drug is expected to have

signicant toxicity. In phase II, volunteers are given various dosages of the

test compound and studied in great detail. Dosage guidelines are usually

determined in this phase. Nurses are more likely to be responsible for

administering the investigational drugs in phase III than in phases I and II.

Use of animal testing is done in the preclinical trials and would not involve a

nurse.

Question 4

A patient comes to primary clinic for strep throat. A throat swab culture is sent to lab. What

information is required for the nurse practitioner to disclose on lab transmittal?

Question 5

Response

Feedback:

A patient has been prescribed a drug that can be self-administered at home. Which of the

following would be the most important information for the nurse to relate to the patient

concerning self-administration of a drug? NURS-6521 Advanced Pharmacology Week 2 Exam questions and answers

The patient must be knowledgeable about all aspects of the drug regimen so

it can be self-administered safely and eectively. All of the responses are

important, but the patient must be able to tell if the drug is producing an

eective response and must also know the adverse eects to report.

Knowing where to purchase the medication and how much it costs is good

information, but it is not the most important information for selfadministration. Knowing the pharmacokinetics does not concern most

patients.

Question 6

A patient has taken an overdose of a vitamin/mineral supplement containing magnesium.

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This study resource was

Response

Feedback:

The nurse will be sure to assess

An increase of magnesium could cause hypotension; therefore, the nurse

should assess the patient’s blood pressure. Body temperature, skin changes,

and uid intake are not critically associated with an overdose of magnesium.

NURS-6521 Advanced Pharmacology Week 2 Exam questions and answers

Question 7

A nurse practitioner understands when prescribing a medication that there are certain

questions to address. Check all that apply.

Question 8

Response

Feedback:

A nurse is providing care for a 71-year-old woman who was sponsored to emigrate from

Mexico to the United States 6 months ago. Earlier this week, the woman slipped while getting

o a bus and fractured her hip. How should the woman’s nurse best exemplify cultural

competence in the care of this patient?

Cultural competence requires maintaining awareness of one’s own values

and beliefs without letting them have undue inuence on those of other

backgrounds, demonstrating knowledge and understanding of another’s

culture, accepting and respecting cultural dierences, and considering a

patient’s culture carefully. This does not mean that only Spanish-speaking

sta members should provide care, that the nurse must teach the patient

about American culture or that the nurse should address the children before

the patient. NURS-6521 Advanced Pharmacology Week 2 Exam questions and answers.

Question 9

Drugs have a valid medical use but a high potential for abuse, both psychological and

physiologic. In an emergency, a Schedule 2 drug may be prescribed by telephone if a written

prescription cannot be provided at the time. However, a written prescription must be

provided within 72 hours with the words authorization for emergency dispensing written on

the prescription. These prescriptions cannot be relled. A new prescription must be written

each time. Examples include certain amphetamines and barbiturates. This is scheduled drug

Question 10

Response

Feedback:

A nurse works in a private hospital and needs to administer some narcotic drugs to one of

her patients. Which of the following should the nurse consider when administering narcotics

to patients in a hospital setting?

A nurse can administer narcotics in the hospital after ensuring that narcotics

are dispensed only with a written prescription. JCAHO sets the standards for

quality of patient care and accreditation of health care institutions, not for

using narcotics.

Question 11

A physician has ordered subcutaneous injections of morphine, a narcotic, every 4 hours as

needed for pain for a motor vehicle accident victim. The nurse is aware that there is a high

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Response NURS-6521 Advanced Pharmacology Week 2 Exam questions and answers

Feedback:

p g

abuse potential for this drug and that it is categorized as a

Narcotics such as morphine are considered C-II drugs because of the high

abuse potential with severe dependence liability. C-I drugs have high abuse

potential and are not accepted for medical use. C-III drugs have a lesser

abuse potential than C-II drugs and an accepted medical use. C-IV drugs have

a low abuse potential and limited dependence liability.

Question 12

Drugs have a high potential for abuse. There is no routine therapeutic use for these drugs

and they are not available for regular use. They may be obtained for “investigational use

only” by applying to the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency. Examples include heroin and LSD.

Which scheduled drug is this?

Question 13

What critical piece of information is missing from the following medication order: Amoxicillin

250 mg every 8 hours?

Question 14

Response

Feedback:

A Native American man who lives a traditional lifestyle is scheduled to have heart surgery.

The tribal chief has requested that the tribe’s medicine man perform a ritual before the

patient goes to surgery. The nurse’s response to this request should be

If possible, every eort should be made to accommodate the patient’s

traditional practices. As long as the rituals or ceremonies do not interfere

with treatment or care, they should be allowed. The nurse does not have to

notify the physician if the patient’s care is uninterrupted. A nurse should

never be judgmental or make light of cultural practices. NURS-6521 Advanced Pharmacology Week 2 Exam questions and answers

Question 15

Response

Feedback:

A nurse at a large, university hospital has been informed that a drug trial will be taking place

that may involve several patients in the hospital over the next several months. What is the

nurse’s most likely role in this drug testing process?

Nurses are generally most involved in phase III of clinical trials and may be

responsible for administering investigational drugs to patients. The nal

determination of the ecacy and safety of the drug is beyond the scope of

nurses. Nurses do not normally consult on the choice of testing methodology.

Question 16

Response

A nurse who provides care in a long-term care facility is documenting a new resident’s

medication regimen on the resident’s intake admission. The nurse is documenting the

generic, rather than proprietary, names of the resident’s current drugs because

The use of generic instead of proprietary (trade) names mitigates some of the

potential for confusion that exists due to similar trade names between

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Feedback: dierent drugs. Trade names do not vary from state to state and use of these

names in documentation is not legally restricted. There are not typically

dierences in the use of drugs that are based solely on generic or proprietary

name. NURS-6521 Advanced Pharmacology Week 2 Exam questions and answers

Question 17

The nurse practitioner orders Amoxicillin 500 mg tid? What is the total amount of medication

patient will take per day?

Question 18

The nurse practitioner orders Amoxicillin 250 mg/5 ml tid for 10 days? The nurse practitioner

would expect the pharmacist to ll the prescription bottle with how many ml?

Question 19

A patient will begin three new medications as part of her treatment plan. The nurse

practitioner understands that proper disposal of medications is key when the nurse

practitioner states

Question 20

Response

Feedback:

Which of the following serves to protect the public by ensuring the purity of a drug and its

contents?

Federal legislation serves to protect the public from drugs that are impure,

toxic, ineective, or improperly tested prior to marketing. The primary

purpose of federal legislation is to ensure safety. The United States Adopted

Names Council was established to ensure uniform drug nomenclature. The

ocial name of each drug is published in the United States Pharmacopeia

and the National Formulary. The American Pharmaceutical Association does

not ensure the safety and purity of drug content but is a professional

organization for pharmacists. NURS-6521 Advanced Pharmacology Week 2 Exam questions and answers

Question 21

Response

Feedback:

A nurse is admitting a Mexican woman to the hospital who cannot speak or understand

English. The patient is alone, and there is no interpreter available. When trying to

communicate with the patient the nurse will

If an interpreter or translator is not available, the nurse should look at the

patient, speak slowly, and use nonverbal communication to help the patient

understand the message. Speaking loudly and using exaggerated mouth

movements only serve to intimidate or belittle the patient and should not be

done.

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Question 22

Response

Feedback:

A nurse has just completed a medication history on a newly admitted patient. In order to

complete medication reconciliation for this patient the nurse will

The process of comparing medications ordered by the health care provider

with the medications the patient is taking at home and communicating the

discrepancies is called medication reconciliation. This process is continued

each time the patient is transferred within the hospital, and at discharge. At

discharge when the drug regimen is set, the nurse will educate the patient

and the family about the medications. This process improves patient

outcomes, hopefully preventing serious eects. Determining where the

patient buys his medication is not usually done by the hospital nurse.

Patients do not need to know the pharmacokinetics of each drug they take

unless they ask. NURS-6521 Advanced Pharmacology Week 2 Exam questions and answers

Question 23

Response

Feedback:

A patient with seasonal allergies is exasperated by her recent nasal congestion and has

expressed her desire to treat it by using pseudoephedrine. The nurse should inform the

patient that

Sudafed and any combination drugs that contain pseudoephedrine have

been removed from the shelves of drug stores, but they have not been taken

o the market. Consumers must purchase drugs containing

pseudoephedrine from a pharmacy, despite the fact the drugs do not require

a prescription. Identication is not required to purchase these drugs.

Question 24

Response

Feedback:

A nurse is a member of a research team that is exploring unique dierences in responses to

drugs that each individual possesses, based on genetic make-up. This area of study is called

Pharmacogenomics is the area of study that explores the unique individual

patient responses to drugs based on the mapping of the human genome.

This mapping introduces the possibility of personally designed medical care

and drug regimens based on a person’s unique genetic make-up.

Pharmacotherapeutics is the branch of pharmacology that deals with uses of

drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease. Pharmacodynamics involves

how a drug aects the body, and pharmacoeconomics includes any costs

involved in drug therapy.

Question 25

Response

Feedback:

A nurse receives an order to administer a critically ill patient two drugs immediately (stat).

The nurse begins the process by

A nurse should always make sure that two or more drugs can be given at the

same time before the administration process is begun. Incompatibility can

aect absorption and distribution. Once the nurse is certain that the drugs

are compatible, he or she should perform handwashing and prepare the

medications for administration. The nurse should also identify the patient

appropriately and ask about drug allergies prior to administering the

medication. NURS-6521 Advanced Pharmacology Week 2 Exam questions and answers

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Question 26

When completing this quiz, did you comply with Walden University’s Code of

Conduct including the expectations for academic integrity?

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NURS-6521 Advanced Pharmacology exam

NURS-6521 Advanced Pharmacology Week 2 Exam questions and answers

NURS 6521 Week 1 Discussion – Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics Sample Essays

Week 1 Discussion

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are important factors in the plan of care for any patient population. When taking care of elderly patients and prescribing medications, it is important for healthcare prescribers to know how medications will affect elderly patients. One example of the importance of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics playing a factor in patient care was during the treatment of a 75-year-old white female. She was forgetful and lived alone will little outside help for daily task and healthcare. This patient used acetaminophen (Tylenol) for pain on a regular basis to treat her arthritis and generalized pain. During a detailed history, she reported that she was careful not to exceed the recommended daily dose of acetaminophen. Additional medications taken by this patient included digoxin for an apparent cardiac condition. The patient presented with nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain that was sudden in onset.  Acetaminophen, a safe and effective pain reliever, is one of the most popular OTC pain relivers in the U.S.  Elevated LFTs and renal function labs provided clues to the healthcare provider that drug toxicity may be present. NURS 6521 Week 1 Discussion – Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics Sample Essays.

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Pharmacokinetics is defined as the study of the time course of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (Spruill et al., 2014). Clinical pharmacokinetics is the application of pharmacokinetic principles to the safe and effective therapeutic management of drugs in an individual patient (Spruill et al., 2014). Pharmacodynamics refers to the relationship between drug concentration at the site of action and the resulting effect, including the time course and intensity of therapeutic and adverse effects (Pea, 2012). The effect of a drug present at the site of action is determined by that drug’s binding with a receptor.

Normal aging of organs and systems leads to diminished function in many areas including decreased neuromuscular strength and reaction time to losses in memory and cognition (Jankovic, Illic, Bukumiric & Jankovic, n.d.).  There is a decreasing trend in hepatic metabolizing capacity with advancing years that can affect the ability to clear therapeutic drugs and environmental chemicals. This factor, combined with decreased renal clearance, causes prolonged retention of numerous drugs in elderly individuals.  The elderly consume a disproportionate quantity of drugs, with those older than 65 taking, on average, two to six prescribed and one to three nonprescription drugs at any one time (Cecilia et al., 2018). About 70 to 80% of an oral dose of digoxin is absorbed, mainly in the proximal part of the small intestine (Martin-Suarez et al., n.d.). The degree of binding to serum albumin is 20 to 30% (Martin-Suarez et al., n.d.). Digoxin is extensively distributed in the tissues, as reflected by the large volume of distribution. High concentrations are found in the heart and kidneys, but the skeletal muscles form the largest digoxin storage. NURS 6521 Week 1 Discussion – Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics Sample Essays.

Polypharmacy is the administration of numerous drugs, usually more than five medications, to a single patient (Jankovic, Illic, Bukumiric & Jankovic, n.d.). This practice is very common in elderly individuals and increases the risks for drug interaction and side effects. In addition, there are numerous pharmacodynamic factors in the CNS of elderly subjects that may affect sensitivity to neuroactive agents. Changes in central cholinergic pathways, including decreased number of brain acetylcholine postsynaptic receptors, have been demonstrated in rodent models of aging and may contribute to the progressive decline in memory and cognition in elderly individuals (Pea, 2012). Liver function is generally considered to be maintained well into old age. A variety of drugs can induce hepatotoxicity with the possibility that reduced cellular defenses and reserve capacity could make the elderly individuals’ liver more susceptible to medications. NURS 6521 Week 1 Discussion – Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics Sample Essays.

Elderly individuals are at greater risk of drug interactions due to metabolic changes and decreased drug clearance associated with aging. This risk becomes compounded with each additional number of drugs used. Several factors in older individuals contribute to their increased risk for developing a drug-related problem. They include frailty, coexisting medical problems, memory issues, and use of multiple prescribed and non-prescribed medications (Cecilia et al., 2018).  A balance is required between over- and under-prescribing. Multiple medications are often required to manage clinically complex older adults. Clinicians are often challenged with the need to match the complex needs of their older patients with those of disease-specific clinical practice guidelines.

A stepwise approach to prescribing for older adults should include: periodic review of current drug therapy; discontinuing unnecessary medications; considering nonpharmacologic alternative strategies; considering safer alternative medications; using the lowest possible effective dose; including all necessary beneficial medications (Spruill et al., 2014). Primary goals of clinical pharmacokinetics include enhancing efficacy and decreasing toxicity of a patient’s drug therapy. The development of strong correlations between drug concentrations and their pharmacologic responses has enabled clinicians to apply pharmacokinetic principles to actual patient situations. A drug’s effect is often related to its concentration at the site of action, so it would be useful to monitor this concentration. NURS 6521 Week 1 Discussion – Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics Sample Essays.

Phillip Comalander

References:

Cecilia, L., Åsa, B., Nina, V., Anders, B., & Patrik, M. (2018). Effects of medication reviews on use of potentially inappropriate medications in elderly patients; a cross-sectional study in Swedish primary care. 
BMC Health Services Research, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2018)
, (1), 1. doi:10.1186/s12913-018-3425-y

Jankovic, S., Illic, D., Bukumiric, Z., & Jankovic, S. (n.d). Impact of Educational Intervention on Prescribing Inappropriate Medication to Elderly Nursing Homes Residents. 
Srpski Arhiv Za Celokupno Lekarstvo
, 
143
(3-4), 174-179.

Martin-Suarez, A., Calvo Hernandez, M. V., Garcia Gonzalez, D., Macias Nunez, J. F., & Ardanuy Albajar, R. (n.d). A New Method for Individualized Digoxin Dosing in Elderly Patients. 
Drugs & Aging
, 
33
(4), 277-284.

Pea, F. (2012). 
Pharmacokinetics in everyday clinical practice. [electronic resource]
. Torino: SEEd, 2012.

Spruill, W., Spruill, W. J., Wade, W. E., DiPiro, J. T., Coleman, R., Hershey, J., & Wade, D. (2014). 
Concepts in clinical pharmacokinetics
. Bethesda, Maryland: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 2014.

 

Initial Post

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Many different patient factors affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of medications. As providers, it is imperative to have a sound understanding of the pathophysiology of diseases and how they affect the body. According to Arcangelo and Petterson (2013), pharmacokinetics focuses on what the body does to the drug while pharmacodynamics concerns what the drug does to the body. NURS 6521 Week 1 Discussion – Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics Sample Essays.

Patient Scenario

Ms. J. is a 28-year-old gravida five para four, 38 weeks gestation admitted to labor and delivery with the complaint of spontaneous rupture of membranes. Ms. J. has limited prenatal care with a history of drug use. Upon examination, she does have rupture of membranes, and she is five centimeters dilated. Ms. J. is given Stadol 2mg IVP for pain, and 30 minutes to an hour later, she is requesting more pain medication. Ms. J. states she needs something stronger because the Stadol is not working. The physician ordered Stadol 1mg IVP every hour as needed. Ms. J. was still complaining of pain with the medication change and becomes very agitated, cursing staff, and uncooperative. The doctor was notified again of patient complaint of pain and behavior. The doctor was hesitant on prescribing anything else for pain but eventually ordered Demerol 25mg IVP which the patient only required one dose before delivery.

Factors Influencing the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Process

The patient’s history of drug use significantly impacts the body’s utilization of medications, and the effect medication has on the body. Patients with a history of substance abuse make up 14% of the admissions to acute care units (da Cunha, 2015). According to Dunn and Neuman (2012), tolerance to pain medication develops from chronic use of a controlled substance which leads to the patient requiring increased amount of the same drug to achieve the desired effect. NURS 6521 Week 1 Discussion – Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics Sample Essays.

Personalized Plan of Care

Individualized care for this patient was to control her pain while trying to avoid respiratory depression of the newborn after delivery. According to Dunn and Neuman (2012), providers must believe and accept a patient’s report of pain to successfully manage it. Undertreatment of a patient’s pain can cause pseudoaddiction in which the patient exhibit behaviors similar to addiction but is due to inadequate pain management (Dunn & Neuman, 2012). As a provider, it is important to have a pain management plan in place for patients with substance abuse and refer them to the appropriate agencies for treatment after delivery.

 

References

Arcangelo, V. P., & Peterson, A. M. (Eds.). (2013).
Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach
(3
rd
ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Da Cunha, B. F. (2015). Ethics and undertreatment of pain in patients with a history of drug abuse.
MEDSURG Nursing,
4-16.

Dunn, D., & Neuman, J. (2012). How substance abuse impacts pain management in acute care.
Nursing, 42
(8), 66-68. NURS 6521 Week 1 Discussion – Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics Sample Essays.

NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology

Week One: Basic Pharmacotherapeutic Concepts

Prescribing appropriate medications is an essential role of health care providers and practitioners in the treatment of medical conditions, preventing negative health status and promoting health. As advanced practice registered nurses (APRN), understanding the process of how drugs and human body interacts is critical in managing our patients properly. As stated by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, APRNs are prepared by education and certification to assess, diagnose, and manage patient problems, order tests, and prescribe medications (n.d.). Competence in drug therapy is one of the fundamental functions of APRNs particularly, nurse practitioners. The purpose of this week’s discussion will analyze how patient factors influence the processes of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics in individuals to develop an effective plan of care.

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacokinetics refers to the movement of the drug through the body while pharmacodynamics indicates how the drug is affecting the body (Arcangelo, Peterson, Reinhold, & Wilbur, 2017, p. 17). Both processes involve the interaction of the medication and human body functions. Several factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, behavior, genetics, and pathophysiological conditions can influence the processes of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of an individual. An example is the physiologic changes that occur during the aging process which can lead to several alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, including excretion of drugs and the modifications in pharmacokinetics often affect drug properties such as concentration or rate of clearance, deviations in pharmacodynamics resulting changes in drug’s magnitude of effects and subsequent likelihood of adverse consequences (Sera & Uritsky, 2016). Every individual can have different ways of processing drugs and unique means of getting the medication effects. Comprehensively understanding influences that can affect the drug-body interaction is crucial in achieving the desired outcome and preventing unwanted complications. NURS 6521 Week 1 Discussion – Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics Sample Essays.

The Case of Age and Pathophysiological Changes Effects on Drug Interactions

Reduced muscle strength, increased inactivity, more severe chronic health conditions, and increased use of prescription medications are risk factors for falls among older Americans and fall injury rates are almost seven times higher for older adults with poor health than for those with excellent health (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). Due to physiologic changes associated with aging, use of certain medications can increase the risks of fall incident among the elderly population. In the past years that I have worked as a registered nurse in long-term care facilities and acute hospitals, I have witnessed the prevalence of the negative consequences of fall incidents among the elderly population. Although age itself creates a risk for adverse drug reactions, polypharmacy and the multiplicity of drugs taken by older adults present the higher risk which can result in significant health outcomes, such as falls and fractures (Arcangelo, Peterson, Reinhold, & Wilbur, 2017, p. 77). Polypharmacy is defined as the use of multiple drugs by a patient, such as the use of more medications than indicated, the indication of inappropriate prescriptions, the use of two or more drugs to treat the same disease or same therapeutic class (Bellostas Muñoz, Caudevilla Martinez, Crespo Avellana, Diez-Manglano, Gomez Aguirre, & Velilla Marco, 2017). As older population may experience multiple complex conditions, they are at risks of taking various medications prescribed by different specialists, providers, and practitioners causing increased risks of adverse drug reactions from polypharmacy. Furthermore, many of the elderly population have been in various hospitals and transitional care facilities resulting to the accumulation of prescribed medications. As studied in an article, polypharmacy is independently associated with adverse outcomes in frailty particularly where there is a decline in nutritional status, functional ability, and cognitive capacity particularly, increasing the risk of falls in the elderly population (Heard, Jubraj, Marvin, Poots, Rajagopalan, & Ward, 2017). Due to the complexity of their medical condition and physiologic changes, multiple drug prescriptions can result in drug-body interaction causing adverse effects such as cognitive decline, behavioral changes, alterations in their activities of daily living and reduction in functional status. NURS 6521 Week 1 Discussion – Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics Sample Essays.

Personalized Plan of Care

Proper prescribing consists of selecting drugs that have clear evidence for their indicated use, which is appropriate for the patient’s circumstances, are well tolerated and cost-effective and whose benefits outweigh the risks including periodic reviews of prescriptions, especially when the patient changes doctor and during health care transitions (Bellostas Muñoz, Caudevilla Martinez, Crespo Avellana, Diez-Manglano, Gomez Aguirre, & Velilla Marco, 2017). As advanced practice nurses, reviewing the medications prescribed to the patient before adding new prescriptions needs to be exercised to avoid unnecessary use of certain drugs. Also, educating patients and their caregivers to immediately report changes in signs and symptoms that can be related to drug interactions should be encouraged to evaluate the elderly’s medications timely before an adverse event can occur. NURS 6521 Week 1 Discussion – Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics Sample Essays.

 

Reference

Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Reinhold, J. A., & Wilbur, V. (Eds.). (2017). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4th ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Bellostas Muñoz, L., Caudevilla Martinez, A., Crespo Avellana, M., Diez-Manglano, J., Gomez Aguirre, N., & Velilla Marco, J. (2017). Symposium. Polypathology: Polypathology, polypharmacy, medication regimen complexity and drug therapy appropriateness. Revista Clínica Española (English Edition), 217289-295. doi:10.1016/j.rceng.2016.12.008. Retrieved from https://www-sciencedirect-com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/science/article/pii/S2254887417300115?

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016, September). Falls are leading cause of injury and death in older Americans. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/p0922-older-adult-falls.html

Heard, K., Jubraj, B., Marvin, V., Poots, A. J., Rajagopalan, A., & Ward, E. (2017). Deprescribing medicines in the acute setting to reduce the risk of falls. European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy-Science and Practice, 24(1), 10-15. Retrieved from http://ejhp.bmj.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/content/24/1/10

National Council of State Boards of Nursing. (n.d.). APRNs in the U.S. Retrieved from https://ncsbn.org/aprn.htm

Sera, L., & Uritsky, T. (2016). Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes in older adults and implications for palliative care. Progress in Palliative Care, 24(5), 255-261. doi:10.1080/09699260.2016.1192319. Retrieved from https://eds-a-ebscohost-com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=6&sid=a5084331-cc2f-4444-b694-778f0a63d346%40sessionmgr4009 NURS 6521 Week 1 Discussion – Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics Sample Essays

NURS 6521 Advanced Pharmacology – Week 5 – Quiz

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 Question 1

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1 out of 1 points

 

A middle-aged patient was diagnosed with major depression after a suicide attempt several months ago and has failed to respond appreciably to treatment with SSRIs. As a result, his psychiatrist has prescribed phenelzine. When planning this patient’s subsequent care, what nursing diagnosis should the nurse prioritize?

Response Feedback:

MAOIs such as phenelzine carry a significant risk of injury that results from the multiple interactions associated with these drugs. Infection, impaired tissue perfusion, and constipation are less common, and less serious, adverse effects. NURS 6521 Advanced Pharmacology – Week 5 – Quiz

 Question 2

1 out of 1 points

 

A male patient has been brought to the emergency department during an episode of status epilepticus. Diazepam is to be administered intravenously. The nurse will be sure to

Response Feedback:

When diazepam is administered intravenously during status epilepticus, the small veins in the dorsum of the hand or the wrist should be avoided. It should be injected slowly, no faster than 5 mg in 1 minute. Diazepam should not be mixed or diluted with other solutions or drugs, either in the syringe or in intravenous solutions.

 Question 3

1 out of 1 points

 

A nurse who works at an outpatient mental health clinic follows numerous clients who have schizophrenia, many of whom are being treated with olanzapine (Zyprexa). Which of the following clients likely has the highest susceptibility to the adverse effects of olanzapine?

Response Feedback:

The use of olanzapine creates a significant risk of hyperglycemia. This is of particular concern in patients and clients who have diabetes mellitus. Smoking affects the pharmacodynamics of olanzapine, but this is less likely to result in serious adverse effects. Obesity, low BMI, and recent antibiotic use are not associated with a significantly increased risk of adverse effects. NURS 6521 Advanced Pharmacology – Week 5 – Quiz

 Question 4

1 out of 1 points

 

A 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department by her mother. The mother reports that the child has been vomiting, and the nurse notes that the child’s face is flushed and she is diaphoretic. The mother thinks that the child may have swallowed carbachol drops. A diagnosis of cholinergic poisoning is made. Which of the following drugs would be administered?

Response Feedback:

Acetylcholine and cevimeline are both cholinergic agonists, and, like carbachol, would be contraindicated in this patient. Administration of either of these drugs could be fatal. Nicotine is a direct-acting nicotinic agonist and is not indicated in cholinergic poisoning. Atropine is considered the antidote for cholinergic poisoning. The actions of atropine are a reduction in salivary, bronchial, and sweat gland secretions; mydriasis; cycloplegia; changes in heart rate; contraction of the bladder detrusor muscle and of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle; decreased gastric secretion; and decreased gastrointestinal motility.

 Question 5

1 out of 1 points

 

A trauma patient has been receiving frequent doses of morphine in the 6 days since his accident. This pattern of analgesic administration should prompt the nurse to carefully monitor the patient’s

Response Feedback:

Morphine, like most opioid analgesics, creates a risk for constipation. The drug is unlikely to influence the patient’s temperature, skin integrity, or urine specific gravity. NURS 6521 Advanced Pharmacology – Week 5 – Quiz

 Question 6

1 out of 1 points

 

A patient has been prescribed zolpidem (Ambien) for short-term treatment of insomnia. Which of the following will the nurse include in a teaching plan for this patient? (Select all that apply.)

Response Feedback:

Zolpidem generally is not used for more than 7 to 10 days at a time. It induces sleep rapidly and should be taken immediately before going to bed. It is true that the drug does not seem to produce residual effects the next morning or cause prolonged rebound effects when it is discontinued. It is available in both quick-onset and continuous-release oral forms, and common adverse effects of the drug are headache, prolonged drowsiness, and dizziness.

 Question 7

1 out of 1 points

 

NURS 6521 Advanced Pharmacology – Week 5 – Quiz

A nurse is caring for a patient who is in severe pain and is receiving an opioid analgesic. Which of the following would be the nurse’s priority assessments?

Response Feedback:

The nurse must assess the patient’s pain intensity before and after administering an opioid analgesic. The respiratory rate and level of consciousness need to be assessed because respiratory depression and sedation are two adverse effects of opioid analgesics. Seizure activity, electrolytes, liver function, blood glucose level, and mental status may need to be assessed during opioid analgesic therapy related to adverse effects, but they would not be the priority assessments.

 Question 8

1 out of 1 points

 

A nurse is caring for a patient who has been admitted with acute cocaine intoxication. Which of the following vital signs would the nurse expect to find initially when assessing the patient?

Response Feedback:

CNS stimulants like cocaine initially increase heart rate and blood pressure. Cocaine impairs the uptake of norepinephrine and epinephrine by presynaptic nerve endings, thus activating the adrenergic systems and causing hypertension, tachycardia, and vasoconstriction.

 Question 9

1 out of 1 points

 

A 39-year-old patient who is having trouble sleeping is beginning drug treatment with zaleplon (Sonata). The nurse will be sure to ask the patient if she is taking

Response Feedback:

The nurse will assess for cimetidine use. Cimetidine greatly increases the level of circulating zaleplon and could cause toxic effects in the patient. Secobarbital is a barbiturate, and oxycodone and meperidine are narcotics that would not be used with lorazepam because the combinations may depress respiratory drive, create severe hypotension or bradycardia, and substantially alter level of consciousness. NURS 6521 Advanced Pharmacology – Week 5 – Quiz

 Question 10

1 out of 1 points

 

A patient has been admitted to the ICU because of multiple traumas due to a motor vehicle accident. The physician has ordered propofol (Diprivan) to be used for maintenance of sedation. Before administration of propofol, a priority assessment by the nurse would be to check for a history of

Response Feedback:

Propofol is relatively contraindicated in patients with a history of seizure disorders because they are at risk of developing convulsions during the recovery phase. This drug should be used with caution in patients with low blood pressure because it can aggravate this condition. Also, it should be used with caution in patients with increased intraocular pressure because it can cause a substantial reduction in cerebral perfusion. Because disorders of lipid metabolism can be aggravated by the emulsion vehicle in which propofol is delivered, it should be used with caution in patients with diabetic hyperlipidemia.

 Question 11

1 out of 1 points

 

A nurse who provides care on an acute medicine unit has frequently recommended the use of nicotine replacement gum for patients who express a willingness to quit smoking during their admission or following their discharge. For which of the following patients would nicotine gum be contraindicated?

Response Feedback:

Nicotine in any dosage form should not be used in patients immediately after myocardial infarction, or in those with life-threatening arrhythmias or severe or worsening angina pectoris. Antibiotics, anticoagulants, and renal failure are not contraindications for the use of nicotine as an aid to smoking cessation.

 Question 12

1 out of 1 points

 

A patient who is experiencing acute alcohol withdrawal is being treated with intravenous lorazepam (Ativan). This drug achieves a therapeutic effect by

Response Feedback:

Like all benzodiazepines, lorazepam increases the effects of GABA, which has an inhibitory effect on the CNS. However, none of the benzodiazepines act like GABA or increase the amount of GABA present. MAOIs inhibit monoamine oxidase and tricyclic antidepressants primarily affect serotonin and norepinephrine levels. SSRIs increase the availability of serotonin in the synapses. NURS 6521 Advanced Pharmacology – Week 5 – Quiz

 Question 13

1 out of 1 points

 

An elderly woman is slated for a hemiarthroplasty (hip replacement surgery) after falling and breaking her hip on the stairs outside her home. The woman’s pain in the time since her injury has been severe, and her care team has been treating it with morphine. Which of the following administration schedules is most likely to control the patient’s pain?

Response Feedback:

The use of long-acting analgesia combined with short-acting opioids for breakthrough pain is a proactive pain management technique that maximizes therapeutic benefit while minimizing the risks of adverse effects.

 Question 14

1 out of 1 points

 

A nurse will be prepared to administer naloxone (Narcan) to a patient who has had an overdose of morphine. Repeated doses of Narcan will be necessary because Narcan

Response Feedback:

The duration of the morphine may be longer than the duration of naloxone. Therefore, naloxone has a shorter half-life than morphine. Repeated doses may be necessary to maintain reversal of the opiate’s effects. Naloxone does not increase the action of morphine, and it causes the respiratory rate to increase, not decrease. Dosage strength is not associated with drug duration.

 Question 15

1 out of 1 points

 

A nurse is talking to an 18-year-old patient who has had a seizure disorder since she was 10 years old and is taking phenytoin (Dilantin). The nurse should suggest that she take which of the following?

Response Feedback:

Long-term phenytoin therapy is associated with folate deficiency. Folic acid and phenytoin are structurally similar and thought to compete with each other for the same receptors. A deficiency in folic acid in a pregnant woman can cause birth defects. Potassium, iron, and vitamin C do not compete with phenytoin nor are they directly affected by phenytoin.

 Question 16

1 out of 1 points

 

A nurse works in a sleep disorder clinic and is responsible for administering medications to the patients. Which of the following patients would be most likely to receive zaleplon (Sonata)?

Response Feedback:

The nurse will most likely administer the zaleplon to the 35-year-old man who is having difficulty falling asleep, but once asleep can stay asleep. Zolpidem would most likely be administered to the 20-year-old who will take a sleep aid only once a week. Eszopiclone (Lunesta) will be given to the 52-year-old woman who needs to fall asleep quickly and has trouble staying asleep. The 46-year-old man will likely receive trazodone (Desyrel). This drug is given as a sleep aid for a patient who is taking an antidepressant.

 Question 17

1 out of 1 points

 

A 64-year-old-patient has been prescribed lorazepam (Ativan) because of increasing periods of anxiety. The nurse should be careful to assess for

Response Feedback:

The patient who has history of alcohol or substance abuse may be a poor candidate for lorazepam because the patient is more likely to develop dependence on the drug. Alcohol will also have an additive effect with lorazepam. A diet high in fat and carbohydrates or nicotine use should not affect the use of lorazepam.

 Question 18

1 out of 1 points

 

A patient who has been taking buspirone (BuSpar) for 1 week calls the clinic and reports to the nurse that the drug is not working. The patient informs the nurse that she is still having symptoms of anxiety. The nurse will tell the patient that

Response Feedback:

The nurse will inform the patient that it will likely take 3 to 4 weeks of treatment before she notices consistent relief of her anxiety. However, some improvement is often seen within 7 to 10 days of starting therapy. Since the patient had only been taking the drug 1 week, there is no need to inform the physician. The nurse would not make the assumption that the medication is not going to work for the patient nor would she tell her that it would take up to 6 months to see therapeutic results.

 Question 19

1 out of 1 points

 

A patient has been hospitalized for treatment of substance abuse after being arrested and jailed for the past 24 hours. The patient is experiencing severe muscle and abdominal cramps, seizures, and acute psychosis due to abrupt withdrawal. Which of the following drug classes is the most likely cause of these severe and potentially fatal withdrawal symptoms?

Response Feedback:

Abrupt withdrawal from long-term use of sedative–hypnotic drugs should never be attempted because withdrawal symptoms are serious and potentially fatal. Withdrawal symptoms include agitation, dysphoria, insomnia, vomiting, diarrhea, ataxia, hallucinations, acute psychosis, muscle and abdominal cramps, anorexia, and seizures. These symptoms may occur 12 to 72 hours after the last use of the drug and may last up to 14 days. The abrupt withdrawal of benzodiazepines, opioids, and amphetamines does not cause such severe and potentially fatal withdrawal symptoms. NURS 6521 Advanced Pharmacology – Week 5 – Quiz

 Question 20

1 out of 1 points

 

A nurse is assigned to a patient who is taking lithium. Which of the following drug serum levels would indicate that the patient is at risk for adverse effects of the drug?

Response Feedback:

The therapeutic range for lithium is 0.6 to 1.2 mEq/L. A level of 0.3 mEq/L would not be in the therapeutic range and would therefore not produce a therapeutic response. Levels of 0.6 and 1.2 mEq/L would be within the therapeutic range and would not be expected to produce adverse effects. A level of 1.7 mEq/L would be a high level and place the patient at risk for adverse effects or overdose.

 Question 21

1 out of 1 points

 

Which of the following would be an expected outcome in a patient who has been given atropine during a medical emergency?

Response Feedback:

Atropine is used to help restore normal sinus rhythm in emergency situations, such as symptomatic bradycardia, pulseless electrical activity, ventricular asystole, or cardiopulmonary resuscitation. It does not resolve acid-based imbalances or decreased level of consciousness and atropine increases, rather than decreases, blood pressure.

 Question 22

1 out of 1 points

 

A patient who is experiencing withdrawal from heavy alcohol use have developed psychosis and been treated with haloperidol. Which of the following assessment findings should prompt the care team to assess the patient for neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

Response Feedback:

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is characterized by fever, sweating, tachycardia, muscle rigidity, tremor, incontinence, stupor, leukocytosis, elevated creatinine phosphokinase levels, and renal failure. Agitation, pruritis, thirst, and increased urine output are not indicative of neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

 Question 23

1 out of 1 points

 

A 20-year-old man has begun treatment of the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia using olanzapine (Zyprexa). Which of the following symptoms would be categorized as a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

Response Feedback:

The negative symptoms of schizophrenia include flat or blunted emotions, lack of pleasure or interest in things (anhedonia), and limited speech. The positive symptoms of schizophrenia, and the most recognizable symptoms, include delusions (e.g., paranoia or distorted perceptions of other people’s intentions) and hallucinations.

 Question 24

1 out of 1 points

 

The wife of a patient who is taking haloperidol calls the clinic and reports that her husband has taken the first dose of the drug and it is not having a therapeutic effect. An appropriate response by the nurse would be

Response Feedback:

The nurse should instruct the wife to continue offering her husband the drug and that it will probably take several days to reach its full therapeutic effect. The dosage would not be increased, decreased, or discontinued.

 Question 25

1 out of 1 points

 

A 62-year-old woman has been prescribed a fentanyl transdermal patch for chronic cancer pain. The patient asks the nurse how long it will take for her to experience pain relief. The nurse will instruct the patient that she should feel pain relief in approximately

Response Feedback:

The nurse will instruct the patient that it will take approximately 24 hours for the full pain-relieving effect of a fentanyl transdermal patch to occur. NURS 6521 Advanced Pharmacology – Week 5 – Quiz

 Question 26

1 out of 1 points

 

A patient has been prescribed lithium therapy. Which of the following signs and symptoms will the nurse tell the patient to report immediately?

Response Feedback:

Muscle twitching is an early symptom of lithium toxicity and should be reported immediately. Muscle twitching indicates that a dosage change may be needed. Increased thirst and urination are acute effects of lithium, whereas hair loss is a chronic adverse effect.

 Question 27

1 out of 1 points

 

A patient with mild low back pain has been advised to take acetaminophen. The nurse will inform him that excessive intake of acetaminophen may result in

Response Feedback:

A patient taking acetaminophen should be taught the common adverse effects of the drug, which include rash, urticaria, and nausea. Nausea, not gastrointestinal distress, is a common adverse effect of acetaminophen. Flushing, dizziness, and feelings of tingling, heat, and fatigue are the most common adverse effects of sumatriptan, not acetaminophen.

 Question 28

1 out of 1 points

 

A postsurgical patient has been provided with a morphine patient-controlled analgesic (PCA) but has expressed her reluctance to use it for fear of becoming addicted. How can the nurse best respond to this patient’s concerns?

Response Feedback:

Addiction to opioids is a rare occurrence among hospital patients who do not have a history of drug abuse. It would be inappropriate to downplay the patient’s concerns, however. A more appropriate response would be to explain the phenomenon of dependence and to differentiate it from addiction. NURS 6521 Advanced Pharmacology – Week 5 – Quiz

 Question 29

1 out of 1 points

 

Which of the following drugs used to treat anxiety would be appropriate for a patient who is a school teacher and is concerned about feeling sedated at work?

Response Feedback:

Buspirone does not cause as much sedation and functional impairment as lorazepam, alprazolam, and diazepam. However, it can cause dizziness, nausea, headache, nervousness, lightheadedness, or excitement.

 Question 30

1 out of 1 points

 

A 30-year-old woman is taking phenelzine (Nardil) 30mg PO tid. The nurse knows that at that dosage, the patient will need to be carefully monitored for

Response Feedback:

The nurse will closely monitor for the adverse effects of phenelzine related to the anticholinergic effect of the drug, such as dizziness that tends to be more pronounced at dosages above 45 mg/day. Dizziness is also a sign of a phenelzine drug overdose. Constipation and dry mouth are also adverse effects, not diarrhea and increased secretions. Facial flushing is not an identified adverse effect of phenelzine.

 Question 31

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NURS-6521N-18,Advanced Pharmacology.2018 Fall Quarter 08/27-11/18-PT27

Quizzes Review Test Submission: Week 5 – Quiz

Review Test Submission: Week 5 –

Quiz

User Mina Song

Course NURS-6521N-18,Advanced Pharmacology.2018 Fall Quarter 08/27-

11/18-PT27

Test Week 5 – Quiz

Started 10/1/18 12:32 AM

Submitted 10/1/18 1:09 AM

Due Date 10/1/18 1:59 AM

Status Completed

Attempt Score 28 out of 30 points

Time Elapsed 36 minutes out of 1 hour and 15 minutes

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Quiz.

Question 1

Response

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A patient who is experiencing acute alcohol withdrawal is being treated with intravenous

lorazepam (Ativan). This drug achieves a therapeutic eect by

Like all benzodiazepines, lorazepam increases the eects of GABA, which has

an inhibitory eect on the CNS. However, none of the benzodiazepines act

like GABA or increase the amount of GABA present. MAOIs inhibit

monoamine oxidase and tricyclic antidepressants primarily aect serotonin

and norepinephrine levels. SSRIs increase the availability of serotonin in the

synapses.

Question 2

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Response

Feedback:

A 30-year-old woman is taking phenelzine (Nardil) 30mg PO tid. The nurse knows that at that

dosage, the patient will need to be carefully monitored for

The nurse will closely monitor for the adverse eects of phenelzine related

to the anticholinergic eect of the drug, such as dizziness that tends to be

more pronounced at dosages above 45 mg/day. Dizziness is also a sign of a

phenelzine drug overdose. Constipation and dry mouth are also adverse

eects, not diarrhea and increased secretions. Facial ushing is not an

identied adverse eect of phenelzine.

Question 3

Response

Feedback:

A middle-aged patient was diagnosed with major depression after a suicide attempt several

months ago and has failed to respond appreciably to treatment with SSRIs. As a result, his

psychiatrist has prescribed phenelzine. When planning this patient’s subsequent care, what

nursing diagnosis should the nurse prioritize?

MAOIs such as phenelzine carry a signicant risk of injury that results from

the multiple interactions associated with these drugs. Infection, impaired

tissue perfusion, and constipation are less common, and less serious,

adverse eects.

Question 4

Response

Feedback:

A nurse is assigned to a patient who is taking lithium. Which of the following drug serum

levels would indicate that the patient is at risk for adverse eects of the drug?

The therapeutic range for lithium is 0.6 to 1.2 mEq/L. A level of 0.3 mEq/L

would not be in the therapeutic range and would therefore not produce a

therapeutic response. Levels of 0.6 and 1.2 mEq/L would be within the

therapeutic range and would not be expected to produce adverse eects. A

level of 1.7 mEq/L would be a high level and place the patient at risk for

adverse eects or overdose.

Question 5

Response

Feedback:

A trauma patient has been receiving frequent doses of morphine in the 6 days since his

accident. This pattern of analgesic administration should prompt the nurse to carefully

monitor the patient’s

Morphine, like most opioid analgesics, creates a risk for constipation. The

drug is unlikely to inuence the patient’s temperature, skin integrity, or urine

specic gravity.

Question 6

Response

Feedback:

A patient has been admitted to the ICU because of multiple traumas due to a motor vehicle

accident. The physician has ordered propofol (Diprivan) to be used for maintenance of

sedation. Before administration of propofol, a priority assessment by the nurse would be to

check for a history of

Propofol is relatively contraindicated in patients with a history of seizure

disorders because they are at risk of developing convulsions during the

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recovery phase. This drug should be used with caution in patients with low

blood pressure because it can aggravate this condition. Also, it should be

used with caution in patients with increased intraocular pressure because it

can cause a substantial reduction in cerebral perfusion. Because disorders of

lipid metabolism can be aggravated by the emulsion vehicle in which

propofol is delivered, it should be used with caution in patients with diabetic

hyperlipidemia.

Question 7

Response

Feedback:

A patient has been hospitalized for treatment of substance abuse after being arrested and

jailed for the past 24 hours. The patient is experiencing severe muscle and abdominal

cramps, seizures, and acute psychosis due to abrupt withdrawal. Which of the following drug

classes is the most likely cause of these severe and potentially fatal withdrawal symptoms?

Abrupt withdrawal from long-term use of sedative–hypnotic drugs should

never be attempted because withdrawal symptoms are serious and

potentially fatal. Withdrawal symptoms include agitation, dysphoria,

insomnia, vomiting, diarrhea, ataxia, hallucinations, acute psychosis, muscle

and abdominal cramps, anorexia, and seizures. These symptoms may occur

12 to 72 hours after the last use of the drug and may last up to 14 days. The

abrupt withdrawal of benzodiazepines, opioids, and amphetamines does not

cause such severe and potentially fatal withdrawal symptoms.

Question 8

Response

Feedback:

A nurse who works at an outpatient mental health clinic follows numerous clients who have

schizophrenia, many of whom are being treated with olanzapine (Zyprexa). Which of the

following clients likely has the highest susceptibility to the adverse eects of olanzapine?

The use of olanzapine creates a signicant risk of hyperglycemia. This is of

particular concern in patients and clients who have diabetes mellitus.

Smoking aects the pharmacodynamics of olanzapine, but this is less likely

to result in serious adverse eects. Obesity, low BMI, and recent antibiotic

use are not associated with a signicantly increased risk of adverse eects.

Question 9

Response

Feedback:

A nurse is providing care for a patient who suered extensive burns to his extremities

during a recent industrial accident. Topical lidocaine gel has been ordered to be applied to

the surfaces of all his burns in order to achieve adequate pain control. When considering

this order, the nurse should be aware that

Applying lidocaine preparations to severely traumatized mucosa (large skin

abrasions, eczema, and burns) can increase its absorption, which in turn

increases the risk of systemic toxicity. Intravenous lidocaine is not normally

used for analgesia. The destruction of nerve endings in a burn site does not

mitigate the need for topical pain control and lidocaine does not need to be

potentiated with another anesthetic.

Question 10

A 26-year-old professional began using cocaine recreationally several months ago and has

begun using the drug on a daily basis over the past few weeks. He has noticed that he now

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Response

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g g g y p

needs to take larger doses of cocaine in order to enjoy the same high that he used to

experience when he rst used the drug. A nurse should recognize that this pattern

exemplies

With drug use over time, tolerance develops. Tolerance occurs when the

body develops a natural resistance to the drug’s physical or euphoric eects,

making it necessary to take increasing doses more frequently to achieve the

desired eect.

Question 11

Response

Feedback:

A patient with mild low back pain has been advised to take acetaminophen. The nurse will

inform him that excessive intake of acetaminophen may result in

A patient taking acetaminophen should be taught the common adverse

eects of the drug, which include rash, urticaria, and nausea. Nausea, not

gastrointestinal distress, is a common adverse eect of acetaminophen.

Flushing, dizziness, and feelings of tingling, heat, and fatigue are the most

common adverse eects of sumatriptan, not acetaminophen.

Question 12

Response

Feedback:

Which of the following would be an expected outcome in a patient who has been given

atropine during a medical emergency?

Atropine is used to help restore normal sinus rhythm in emergency

situations, such as symptomatic bradycardia, pulseless electrical activity,

ventricular asystole, or cardiopulmonary resuscitation. It does not resolve

acid-based imbalances or decreased level of consciousness and atropine

increases, rather than decreases, blood pressure.

Question 13

Response

Feedback:

A 62-year-old woman has been prescribed a fentanyl transdermal patch for chronic cancer

pain. The patient asks the nurse how long it will take for her to experience pain relief. The

nurse will instruct the patient that she should feel pain relief in approximately

The nurse will instruct the patient that it will take approximately 24 hours for

the full pain-relieving eect of a fentanyl transdermal patch to occur.

Question 14

Response

Feedback:

A nurse is caring for a patient who has been admitted with acute cocaine intoxication. Which

of the following vital signs would the nurse expect to nd initially when assessing the

patient?

CNS stimulants like cocaine initially increase heart rate and blood pressure.

Cocaine impairs the uptake of norepinephrine and epinephrine by

presynaptic nerve endings, thus activating the adrenergic systems and

causing hypertension, tachycardia, and vasoconstriction.

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Question 15

Response

Feedback:

Morphine has been prescribed for a 28-year-old man with severe pain due to a back injury.

The nurse will advise the patient to avoid

The nurse should advise the patient to avoid alcohol and any other CNS

depressants while taking morphine. These combinations can cause serious

respiratory depression and sedation. Vitamin C, fatty foods, and dairy

products are not known to interact with morphine.

Question 16

Response

Feedback:

The wife of a patient who is taking haloperidol calls the clinic and reports that her husband

has taken the rst dose of the drug and it is not having a therapeutic eect. An appropriate

response by the nurse would be

The nurse should instruct the wife to continue oering her husband the drug

and that it will probably take several days to reach its full therapeutic eect.

The dosage would not be increased, decreased, or discontinued.

Question 17

Response

Feedback:

A nurse who provides care on an acute medicine unit has frequently recommended the use

of nicotine replacement gum for patients who express a willingness to quit smoking during

their admission or following their discharge. For which of the following patients would

nicotine gum be contraindicated?

Nicotine in any dosage form should not be used in patients immediately

after myocardial infarction, or in those with life-threatening arrhythmias or

severe or worsening angina pectoris. Antibiotics, anticoagulants, and renal

failure are not contraindications for the use of nicotine as an aid to smoking

cessation.

Question 18

Response

Feedback:

A nurse is caring for a patient who is in severe pain and is receiving an opioid analgesic.

Which of the following would be the nurse’s priority assessments?

The nurse must assess the patient’s pain intensity before and after

administering an opioid analgesic. The respiratory rate and level of

consciousness need to be assessed because respiratory depression and

sedation are two adverse eects of opioid analgesics. Seizure activity,

electrolytes, liver function, blood glucose level, and mental status may need

to be assessed during opioid analgesic therapy related to adverse eects,

but they would not be the priority assessments.

Question 19

Response

Feedback:

A patient has a history of tonic-clonic seizures that have been successfully treated with

phenytoin (Dilantin) for several years. Phenytoin achieves a therapeutic eect by

Phenytoin reversibly binds to sodium channels while they are in the inactive

state. This binding delays the return of the channel to an active state.

Because sodium can enter the cell to initiate an action potential only when

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p y

the channels are active, the time between action potentials is greatly

lengthened, the neurons cannot re at an excessive rate, and excessive

muscle contractions that occur in grand mal-type seizures are prevented.

Phenytoin does not directly aect the function of calcium channels or levels

of GABA and glutamate.

Question 20

Response

Feedback:

A patient who has been taking buspirone (BuSpar) for 1 week calls the clinic and reports to

the nurse that the drug is not working. The patient informs the nurse that she is still having

symptoms of anxiety. The nurse will tell the patient that

The nurse will inform the patient that it will likely take 3 to 4 weeks of

treatment before she notices consistent relief of her anxiety. However, some

improvement is often seen within 7 to 10 days of starting therapy. Since the

patient had only been taking the drug 1 week, there is no need to inform the

physician. The nurse would not make the assumption that the medication is

not going to work for the patient nor would she tell her that it would take up

to 6 months to see therapeutic results.

Question 21

Response

Feedback:

A nurse is caring for a patient who abuses marijuana. The treatment for marijuana abuse

consists mainly of

Treatment for marijuana abuse consists mainly of nonpharmacologic

interventions combined with an exercise program to help deal with

withdrawal symptoms and cravings for the drug. Treatment of LSD and PCP

use is necessary only when the user experiences a “bad trip.” Parlodel is

given for cocaine addiction. Patients with acute inhalant intoxication may

need respirator assistance.

Question 22

Response

Feedback:

Which of the following drugs used to treat anxiety would be appropriate for a patient who is

a school teacher and is concerned about feeling sedated at work?

Buspirone does not cause as much sedation and functional impairment as

lorazepam, alprazolam, and diazepam. However, it can cause dizziness,

nausea, headache, nervousness, lightheadedness, or excitement.

Question 23

Response

Feedback:

A patient is suering from acute inhalant intoxication. The priority nursing intervention will

be to

Patients suering from acute inhalant intoxication may experience hypoxia

from CNS depression; therefore, the patient will most likely be receiving

oxygen therapy. Epinephrine is contraindicated because of possible cardiac

stimulation. Arrhythmias may occur. Monitoring blood pressure and pulse is

important; however, the patient could be short of breath due to the hypoxia.

Therefore, monitoring respirations would be the priority. Nausea and

vomiting could be present, and the nurse would need to provide the patient

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with an emesis basin, but it would not be the most important nursing

intervention.

Question 24

Response

Feedback:

A 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department by her mother. The mother

reports that the child has been vomiting, and the nurse notes that the child’s face is ushed

and she is diaphoretic. The mother thinks that the child may have swallowed carbachol

drops. A diagnosis of cholinergic poisoning is made. Which of the following drugs would be

administered?

Acetylcholine and cevimeline are both cholinergic agonists, and, like

carbachol, would be contraindicated in this patient. Administration of either

of these drugs could be fatal. Nicotine is a direct-acting nicotinic agonist and

is not indicated in cholinergic poisoning. Atropine is considered the antidote

for cholinergic poisoning. The actions of atropine are a reduction in salivary,

bronchial, and sweat gland secretions; mydriasis; cycloplegia; changes in

heart rate; contraction of the bladder detrusor muscle and of the

gastrointestinal smooth muscle; decreased gastric secretion; and decreased

gastrointestinal motility.

Question 25

Response

Feedback:

A nurse will be prepared to administer naloxone (Narcan) to a patient who has had an

overdose of morphine. Repeated doses of Narcan will be necessary because Narcan

The duration of the morphine may be longer than the duration of naloxone.

Therefore, naloxone has a shorter half-life than morphine. Repeated doses

may be necessary to maintain reversal of the opiate’s eects. Naloxone does

not increase the action of morphine, and it causes the respiratory rate to

increase, not decrease. Dosage strength is not associated with drug

duration.

Question 26

Response

Feedback:

A nurse is talking to an 18-year-old patient who has had a seizure disorder since she was 10

years old and is taking phenytoin (Dilantin). The nurse should suggest that she take which of

the following?

Long-term phenytoin therapy is associated with folate deciency. Folic acid

and phenytoin are structurally similar and thought to compete with each

other for the same receptors. A deciency in folic acid in a pregnant woman

can cause birth defects. Potassium, iron, and vitamin C do not compete with

phenytoin nor are they directly aected by phenytoin.

Question 27

Response

Feedback:

A male patient has been brought to the emergency department during an episode of status

epilepticus. Diazepam is to be administered intravenously. The nurse will be sure to

When diazepam is administered intravenously during status epilepticus, the

small veins in the dorsum of the hand or the wrist should be avoided. It

should be injected slowly, no faster than 5 mg in 1 minute. Diazepam should

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Monday, October 1, 2018 1:10:04 AM EDT

not be mixed or diluted with other solutions or drugs, either in the syringe or

in intravenous solutions.

Question 28

Response

Feedback:

A postsurgical patient has been provided with a morphine patient-controlled analgesic (PCA)

but has expressed her reluctance to use it for fear of becoming addicted. How can the nurse

best respond to this patient’s concerns?

Addiction to opioids is a rare occurrence among hospital patients who do

not have a history of drug abuse. It would be inappropriate to downplay the

patient’s concerns, however. A more appropriate response would be to

explain the phenomenon of dependence and to dierentiate it from

addiction.

Question 29

Response

Feedback:

An elderly woman is slated for a hemiarthroplasty (hip replacement surgery) after falling and

breaking her hip on the stairs outside her home. The woman’s pain in the time since her

injury has been severe, and her care team has been treating it with morphine. Which of the

following administration schedules is most likely to control the patient’s pain?

The use of long-acting analgesia combined with short-acting opioids for

breakthrough pain is a proactive pain management technique that

maximizes therapeutic benet while minimizing the risks of adverse eects.

Question 30

Response

Feedback:

A 64-year-old-patient has been prescribed lorazepam (Ativan) because of increasing periods

of anxiety. The nurse should be careful to assess for

The patient who has history of alcohol or substance abuse may be a poor

candidate for lorazepam because the patient is more likely to develop

dependence on the drug. Alcohol will also have an additive eect with

lorazepam. A diet high in fat and carbohydrates or nicotine use should not

aect the use of lorazepam.

Question 31

When completing this quiz, did you comply with Walden University’s Code of

Conduct including the expectations for academic integrity?

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