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Will computer-based instruction improve learning of critical
thinking?
Using text, figures, and other materials on a set of
PowerPoint slides, this article reports on two experimental studies that
examine the effectiveness of organizers to assist learning of students using
web-based audio or video recordings of a lecture. What do you think the
outcomes were? Consider the design in the methods section and consider what
confounds might exist and/or how they were controlled. What was the design of
the study? To find out, locate the PDF version of this report in the Education
database of ContentSelect (item # 6911182) and read the article.

1. Why is single-subject research confused with behavior
modification? In what ways are they different?
2. What is a baseline? How does the initial baseline differ
from a subsequent one in an A-B-A design?

1. A researcher’s baseline stabilizes after four sessions,
and she begins the intervention. If there is no effect after four sessions,
should she continue the treatment or reintroduce the baseline? Why?
2. Most single-subject studies are of overt behavior. What
other types of research might use single-subject methods?

1. How does an A-B-A-B design control for threats to the
internal validity of the study?
2. How does a multiple baseline design control for threats
to the external validity of the study?

What are the strengths and weaknesses of each of the
following types of interviews?
a. informal conversational interview
b. interview guide approach
c. standardized open-ended interview
d. closed, fixed-response interview

Construct a short questionnaire that could be administered
in class. The following topics are suggested:
a. Leisure Interests and Activities
b. Reasons for Selecting Teaching As a Profession
c. Methods of Dealing with School Discipline
d. Political Interests and Activities

Construct a Likert-type opinionnaire dealing with a
controversial problem. One of the following topics may be appropriate:
a. Teacher Affiliation with Professional Organizations
b. Teacher Strikes and Sanctions
c. Religious Activities in the School Program
d. The Nongraded School

1. Construct a short rating scale to be used for the
evaluation of the teaching performance of a probationary teacher.
2. To what extent is the administration of personal and
social adjustment inventories an invasion of a student’s privacy?

1. Discuss what is meant by “reliability is a necessary
but not a sufficient condition of validity.”
2. How can reliability among observers be demonstrated?

How valid is the Test of Phonetic Awareness (TOPA) when used
to predict reading skills of first-grade African American children?
The data in this study come from 56 African American
first-grade students. The mean student performance on the TOPA was well below
the expected norms, but the students’ performance on a reading measure was
within normal parameters. How can you explain this? Use the PDF version of this
report in the Education database of ContentSelect (item # 13215682) and read
the article to help you answer this question.