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1. How are ex post facto and correlational research alike?
2. How are ex post facto and correlational research different?
3. If the population correlation is .32 or greater to reject
the hypothesis that the population correlation is zero with a onetailed .01
level, how many subjects do you need?

What data-gathering technique would you use for each of the
following surveys?
a. A survey of a sample of high school teachers throughout
the state concerning the use of mandatory competency exams for high school
graduation
b. A survey of the opinions of people in a major
metropolitan area on the way juveniles who commit violent crimes are currently
handled in the state’s court system
c. A survey of the opinions of a sample of professors on the
campus of State University about the use of pass/fail grades instead of letter
grades (You want a very high response rate.)
d. A freshman survey of certain noncognitive characteristics
that might relate to academic achievement in the fi rst year of college
e. A survey of 500 people from throughout the United States
about their attitudes toward the administration’s immigration policy

The evening news on television reported the following: In a
recently conducted survey of the American public, 37 percent of the respondents
said they approve of the president’s performance. What else would you want to
know before you interpreted this report?

Which of the following would be biased samples of the
population of college students at a large university?
a. A random sample of students entering the library on
Friday evening
b. A random sample of students registered for classes
c. A random sample of students buying season tickets for
basketball
d. A sample composed of students who volunteered for a
project after seeing a notice in the school newspaper

School systems in the United States are hiring an increasing
number of social workers. You have been asked to gather data on what these
social workers do and whether their presence in schools makes any difference
for student achievement, student self-concept, discipline, and relations with
parents. How would you design a qualitative study to answer this question?
Indicate the method and the data-gathering procedure that you think would be
most effective.

Determine whether each of the following questions would best
be answered using quantitative or qualitative research methods:
a. What goes on in an elementary school classroom during an
average week and how do observed practices relate to the teacher’s espoused
teaching beliefs?
b. What is the relationship between education level and
volume of reading done in various content areas?
c. How does team teaching infl uence classroom interactions?
d. How can a principal improve faculty morale?
e. What is the impact of AIDS on the U.S. economy?
f. What is the emotional impact of AIDS on at-risk health
care workers?
g. Are the descriptions of people in the social studies
textbooks multiculturally inclusive?
h. What is the relationship between years of teaching
experience and job satisfaction?

1. How do case studies differ from singlesubject
experiments?
2. An investigator has a letter describing education in
Britain in 1985. It is supposed to have been written by Prime Minister Margaret
Thatcher.
a. What question would be asked in external criticism?
b. What question would be asked in internal criticism?

1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of historical
research compared with other types of research?
2. Explain what a unit is in case study research. Give a
specifi c example of a unit you might be interested in studying.

Assume you are going to prepare a qualitative research proposal for your research methods class or for a dissertation. Suggest a question that you would like to investigate and then the qualitative method that would be most appropriate to use.