A literature review analyzes on Obesity based on PICOT Statement Paper and Literature Evaluation Table
While the implementation plan prepares students to apply their research to the problem or issue they have identified for their capstone change proposal project, the literature review enables students to map out and move into the active planning and development stages of the project.
A literature review analyzes how current research supports the PICOT, as well as identifies what is known and what is not known in the evidence A literature review analyzes on Obesity based on PICOT Statement Paper and Literature Evaluation Table. Students will use the information from the earlier PICOT Statement Paper and Literature Evaluation Table assignments to develop a 750-1,000 word review that includes the following sections:
1.Title page
2.Introduction section
3.A comparison of research questions
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4.A comparison of sample populations
5.A comparison of the limitations of the study
6.A conclusion section, incorporating recommendations for further research
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
Literature Evaluation Table
Obesity
Student Name:
Change Topic (2-3 sentences):
Criteria
Article 1
Article 2
Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and Permalink or Working Link to Access Article
Cochrane, A.J., Dick, B., King, N.A., Hills, A.P. & Kavanagh, D.J. BMC Public health. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4834-2
Foster, C., Moore, J.B., Singletary, C.R. and Skelton, J.A. Wiley Online Library. Retrieved from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com /doi/10.1111/cob.12230/full#publication-history
Article Title and Year Published
Developing dimensions for a multicomponent multidisciplinary approach to obesity management. Published in 2017
Clinicalobesity. Physical activity and family-based obesity treatment. Published in 2017
Research Questions (Qualitative)/Hypothesis(Quantitative), and Purposes/Aim of Study
The specific aims of this research were to operationalize a MCMD approach for obesity management and to develop a theoretical model that could guide the approach.
Identify family-centered strategies to be implemented by clinicians providing care for children and adolescents with obesity.
Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative)
Qualitative study.
Used a computerized qualitative data management system, nVivo (QSR, N8, 2010), to construct conceptual frameworks from the large volume of data generated by the convergent interviews.
Employed both qualitative and quantitative studies.
Setting/Sample
The stakeholders involved in the study are patients, practitioners, educators, and researchers.
Children and adolescents with obesity.
Methods: Intervention/Instruments
We used qualitative action research methods, including convergent interviewing and observation, to assist the process of inquiry.
Methods utilized here are statements, summations and recommendations from professional organizations involved in child and adolescent physical activity, exercise and health.
Analysis
A preliminary step in the research analysis was to determine whether or not stakeholders believed that current obesity approaches have not been effective. A second step was to identify whether stakeholders endorsed the development of a multicomponent multidisciplinary (MCMD) approach for obesity management as recommended by position papers.
The analysis of this review has focused on exercise and activity as a component of family-based obesity interventions, which also support the guidelines detailed here, including: encouraging and promoting increased physical and decreased sedentary activity; sports and organized/structured exercise programs; play and family activities; and high level of parent involvement.
Key Findings
The key finding of this research was to source problems and solutions reported by researchers, educators, policy influencers, practitioners and patients, to coproduce a MCMD approach to obesity management that addressed a number of practice issues or thematic concerns.
The key finds have been summarized guidelines by domains of: aerobic activity, muscle strengthening, bone strengthening, child developmental status and age, clinical settings, inclusion of family and recommendations for those with overweight and obesity.
Recommendations
Endorsed the development of a multicomponent multidisciplinary (MCMD) approach for obesity management as recommended by position papers.
60 min of PA a day for children/teens.
Most of the 60 min should be either moderate- or vigorous intensity aerobic PA.
Muscle-strengthening PA three times a week.
Bone-strengthening PA at least three times a week.
Families need to set a positive example by leading an active lifestyle. Make PA part of your family’s daily routine by taking family walks or playing active games together, make PA fun etc.
Explanation of How the Article Supports EBP/Capstone Project
This article seeks to explain the multidisciplinary approaches used in the EBP examination of skills, knowledge, beliefs, and recommendations by the stakeholders in managing obesity.
This article supports and explains how obesity can be prevented by providing guidance for the amount of physical activity that children should acquire and how many days a week aerobics, bone strengthening and muscle strengthening activities should occur.
Criteria
Article 3
Article 4
Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and
Permalink or Working Link to Access Article
Carayol. J., Chabert, C., Di Cara, A., Armensie, C., Vlasesia, A. & Haper. J. Nature Communications Article. Retrieved from: https://www.nature. com/articles/s41467-017-02182-z#Abs1
Martin, A., Booth, J.N., Laird, Y., Sproule, J., Reilly, J.J. & Saunders, D.H. Cochrane Database. Retrieved from: ttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/ 10.1002/14651858.CD009728.
pub3/full
Article Title and Year Published
Protein quantitative trait locus study in obesity during weight-loss identifies a leptin regulator. Published in 2017
Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children and adolescents with obesity or overweight. Published in 2018
Research Questions (Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative), and Purposes/Aim of Study
How can proteome analysis provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of complex traits like obesity?
Healthy weight interventions for improving thinking skills and school performance in children and teenagers with obesity? The aim of this Cochrane Review was to find out if healthy weight interventions can improve thinking skills and school performance in children and teenagers with obesity.
Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative)
Evidence based quantitative study. protein quantitative trait locus (pQTL) analysis.
Evidence based randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of behavioural interventions for weight management in children and adolescents with obesity or overweight.
Setting/Sample
932 Caucasian overweight or obese subjects were recruited in clinical centers from eight European countries. Participants followed an initial 8 weeks weight loss intervention on a low-calorie formula diet (LCD 3300 kJ/day, ca. 800 kcal) The mean weight loss during LCD was 10.3 kg.
Sample included 18 studies (59 records) of 2384 children and adolescents with obesity or overweight. Eight studies delivered physical activity interventions, seven studies combined physical activity programmes with healthy lifestyle education, and three studies delivered dietary interventions. The studies took place in 10 different countries. Two were carried out in children attending preschool, 11 were conducted in primary/elementary school-aged children, four studies were aimed at adolescents attending secondary/high school and one study included primary/elementary and secondary/high school-aged children.
Methods: Intervention/Instruments
This study is part of the Diet, Obesity, and Genes (DIOGenes) intervention study. The method used here is a two-step pQTL-mapping strategy combined with eQTL mapping to limit the multiple testing burden and gain greater insight in the mechanism underlying the GWAS signal.
Did randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of behavioural interventions for weight management in children and adolescents with obesity or overweight. Used CENTRAL, MEDLINE and 15 other databases.
Analysis
To address the issue of obesity, they design a large-scale protein quantitative trait locus (pQTL) analysis based on a set of 1129 proteins from 494 obese subjects before and after a weight loss intervention.
Physical activity and healthy eating benefit a healthy body weight and improve thinking skills and school performance in children with a healthy weight. Studies found that healthy-weight interventions can reduce obesity in children and teenagers, but it is unknown if and how well healthy-weight interventions can improve thinking skills and school performance in children and teenagers with obesity.
Key Findings
Using data from a dietary intervention study in obese patients this study has identified multiple
cis-
pQTL and
trans
-pQTL signals associated with BMI at baseline and after the intervention.
The findings indicate that changing knowledge about nutrition, and changing the food offered in schools can lead to moderate improvements in general school achievement of teenagers with obesity, when compared to standard school practice. However, we need more high-quality healthy-weight interventions that test thinking skills and school performance, as well as health outcomes.
Recommendations
No specific recommendations are found in the study.
Future obesity treatment and prevention studies in clinical, school and community settings should consider assessing academic and cognitive as well as physical outcomes.
Explanation of How the Article Supports EBP/Capstone
The study has revealed that proteome analysis can provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of complex traits like obesity.
This article may support my project to explain the importance of changing knowledge about nutrition, and changing the food offered compared to standard practice.
Criteria
Article 5
Article 6
Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and
Permalink or Working Link to Access Article
Torti, J., Liug, T., Borowitz, M., Johnson, JA., Sharma, AM., & Cambell-Shere, DL. BMC Family Practice. Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12875-017-0596-2
Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Kit, B. K., & Flegal, K. M. Jama Network Journals. Retrieved from: https://jamanetwork.com
/journals/jama/fullarticle/1832542
Article Title and Year Published
The 5As team patient study: patient perspectives on the role of primary care in obesity management. Published in 2017
Prevalence of Childhood and Adult Obesity in the United States. Published in 2014
Research Questions (Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative), and Purposes/Aim of Study
To assess whether lifestyle interventions to improve school achievement, cognitive function and/or future success in children and adolescents with obesity or overweight.
The aim of this article is to provide the most recent national estimates of childhood obesity, analyze trends in childhood obesity between 2003 and 2012, and provide detailed obesity trend analyses among adults.
Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative)
Qualitative research employing semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis.
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2011-2012) includes Data Source and Methods: Personal interviews, physical examinations, laboratory tests, nutritional assessment and DNA repository.
Setting/Sample
Sample of 28 patients from a cohort of 255 patients living with obesity and receiving care to support their weight management in a large Primary Care Network of family practices.
Weight and height or recumbent length were measured in 9120 participants in the 2011-2012 nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Methods: Intervention/Instruments
The 5As Team intervention study (5AsT) is a longitudinal randomized control trial with convergent mixed-methods evaluation. A literature review analyzes on Obesity based on PICOT Statement Paper and Literature Evaluation Table
The intervention method used is approved by NHANES physical examination which is approve by National Center for Health Statistics Research Ethics Review Board, weight and height were measured in a standardized fashion. For children younger than 2 years, recumbent length was measured instead of standing height. In 2011-2012, 1.5% (141) of examined participants were missing weight and height or length measurements.
Analysis
The patient-physician relationship plays an important role in the adequacy of obesity management. Patients have clear expectations of substantive conversations with their primary care team. Complex conditions affect weight and patients require assistance tailored to individual obesity drivers. Current services provide support in important ways but are not yet meeting patient needs for individual plans, advanced education, and follow-up opportunities.
Analyses of trends in obesity prevalence among middle and high school students have shown mixed results. Data from many countries have shown a decline or stabilization of obesity levels, especially in children. Analysis of time trends depends on what is chosen as the initial point of examination.
Key Findings
This study helped understanding of patients’ perception of if, when, and how primary care clinicians and resources can support weight management.
Overall, there have been no significant changes in obesity prevalence in youth or adults between 2003-2004 and 2011-2012.
Recommendations
Patients expressed the need for weight management that is tailored to their individual set of comorbidities and provides strategies that are realistic and sustainable under their personal circumstances.
Obesity prevalence remains high and thus it is important to continue surveillance.
Explanation of How the Article Supports EBP/Capstone Project
This article highlights the importance of family based health programs and patients’ perspectives on the role of primary care in obesity management and their experience with existing resources, with a view to develop an improved understanding of this perspective, and more effective management strategies.
This article advocates the importance of continuous monitoring or surveillance of factors affecting obesity in US that enforces the need to implement and practice evidence based practices to curtail obesity in US
Criteria
Article 7
Article 8
Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and
Permalink or Working Link to Access Article
Swift, D. L., Johannsen, N. M., Lavie, C. J., Earnest, C. P., & Church, T. S. ELSEVIER Publication. Retrieved from: http://www.online pcd.com/article/S0033-0620(13)00165-5/fulltext
Skinner, A. C. & Skelton, J. A. The JAMA Network Journals. Retrieved from: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics /article-abstract/1856480
Article Title and Year Published
The role of exercise and physical activity in weight loss and maintenance. Published in 2014
Prevalence and trends in obesity and severe obesity among children in the United States. Published in 2014
Research Questions (Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative), and Purposes/Aim of Study
What are the roles of Physical Activity(PA) and Exercise Training (ET) in the prevention of weight gain, initial weight loss, weight maintenance, and the obesity paradox?
To examine the prevalence of obesity and severe obesity over time for 14 years of the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2012, and to examine differences in the trends by age, race/ethnicity, and sex.
Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative)
Evidence based qualitative review on weight loss from different modalities of exercise training and physical activities.
Evidence based qualitative case studies taken from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey includes Data Source and Methods.
Setting/Sample
This article settings shows the amounts of physical activity based on goals for maintaining health, prevention of weight gain, promoting clinically significant weight loss, and prevention of weight gain after successful weight loss based on the American College of Sports Medicine position stand of Appropriate Physical Activity Intervention Strategies for Weight Loss and Prevention of Weight Regain for Adults.
A literature review analyzes on Obesity based on PICOT Statement Paper and Literature Evaluation Table Representative sample (N = 26 690) of children in the United States, ages 2 to 19 years, in repeated cross-sections of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2012.
Methods: Intervention/Instruments
STRRIDE; Studies of a Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention through Defined Exercise. DREW; Diabetes Aerobic and Resistance Exercise. PA; Physical activity and ET; exercise training are the methods employed in this study.
In this study, data came from the repeated cross-sections of the NHANES, 1999 to 2012. The NHANES is a stratified, multistage probability sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States. It includes an in-home questionnaire on a variety of demographic and health-related topics, a computer-assisted interview, and an examination component consisting of a thorough physical examination including measured height and weight.
Analysis
The weight loss from ET programs without caloric restriction are very heterogeneous, based on the present literature patients who engage in a PA program may experience modest weight loss.
Nationally representative data do not show any significant changes in obesity prevalence in the most recently available years. But trends across 1999 to 2012 are positive overall and within certain subgroups. Prevalence rates for all categories of obesity increased among most groups from 2009 to 2010 and 2011 to 2012, although these differences are not statistically significant.
Key Findings
Exercise training, regardless of weight loss, provides numerous health benefits especially for overweight and obese individuals at risk for CV diseases or with current CV conditions.
The findings reflect those of earlier work using the NHANES where younger children and nonwhite participants were at greater risk for obesity and severe obesity. The greater prevalence rates of class 2 and class 3 obesity are particularly notable in adolescents and non-Hispanic black individuals. Additionally, overweight and obesity at all levels of severity are increasing significantly among Hispanic girls and non-Hispanic black boys.
Recommendations
Clinicians should attempt to encourage participants to adhere to ET programs over the long-term regardless of the amount of weight loss achieved, as CV benefits are readily achieved in the absence of weight loss. Clinicians can also advocate the use of caloric restriction in weight management plans. Importantly, PA contributes to the negative energy balance seen with caloric restriction
Although our results suggest that the prevalence of obesity is continuing to level off, research is needed to determine which, if any, public health interventions can be credited with this stability.
Explanation of How the Article Supports EBP/Capstone
Throughout this literature review, from various ways, it reveals need for intervention, like that found in this EBP project, to combat rising levels of Obesity.
This article is very important to demonstrate because the high prevalence and upward trend of more severe forms of obesity will likely require more intensive interventions than can be done through widespread public health efforts.
Introduction
Obesity is a weight related condition that is described as BMI value exceeding 30. It is caused by physical activity and dietary changes linked with societal and environmental factors that act in concert with inadequate supportive education, distribution, marketing, environmental, food processing, transport, urban planning, agriculture, and health policies. Perhaps the most significant aspect of obesity is that it is a health risk factor that predisposes individuals to non-communicable chronic ailments such as stroke and apnea (Ogden et al., 2014; Skinner & Skelton, 2014; Swift et al., 2014). Based on this awareness, there is a need to adopt a preventive strategy when addressing obesity, with the focus being on children since they are at a young age when the condition is easily managed.
A comparison of research questions
The eight research articles answered a range of questions in a bid to improve awareness of the nature of obesity. Cochrane et al. (2017) asked two questions. The first question is: Can a MCMD approach be operationalized for obesity management? The second question is: Is it possible to develop a theoretical approach to guide the operationalization? A literature review analyzes on Obesity based on PICOT Statement Paper and Literature Evaluation Table. Foster et al. (2017) asked the question: Do family-centered strategies exist that can be implemented by clinicians providing care for children and adolescents with obesity? Carayol et al. (2017) asked the question: How can proteome analysis provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of complex traits like obesity? Martin et al. (2018) asked the question: Can healthy weight intervention improve thinking skills and school performance in children and teenagers with obesity? Torti et al. (2017) asked the question: Can lifestyle intervention improve school achievement, cognition and/or future success in children and adolescents with obesity or overweight? Ogden et al. (2014) asked two questions. The first question is: What is the national of childhood obesity? The second question is: What are the childhood obesity trends between 2003 and 2012? Swift et al. (2014) asked the question: What are the roles of Physical Activity (PA) and Exercise Training (ET) in the prevention of weight gain, initial weight loss, weight maintenance, and the obesity paradox? Skinner and Skelton (2014) asked two questions. The first question is: What is the prevalence of obesity and severe obesity over time for 14 years of the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2012? The second question is: Are there differences in differences in the obesity trends by age, race/ethnicity, and sex? The research questions from the eight selected journal articles are all concerned with obesity management, with the focus being on its occurrence among children. There relevance to the current research is highlighted by the fact that they all address the same topic (obesity) for the same population (children).
A comparison of sample populations
Cochrane et al. (2017) applied a qualitative research approach that recruited patients, researchers, educators, and practitioners who were identified as stakeholders. Although the exact number of participants is not mentioned, the research concedes that a large volume of data was generated from interviews and observations. Foster et al. (2017) applied a mixed methodology approach that included elements of both qualitative and quantitative research in which children and adolescents with diabetes were recruited as the study participants. Carayol et al. (2017) applied a quantitative approach in which932 Caucasian overweight or obese subjects were recruited in clinical centers from eight European countries A literature review analyzes on Obesity based on PICOT Statement Paper and Literature Evaluation Table. Martin et al. (2018) applied a literature review approached in which 18 studies applying evidence-based randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials on children and adolescents with obesity or overweight were evaluated. Torti et al. (2017) applied a qualitative research approach that employed semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis on 28 patients from a cohort of 255 patients living with obesity and receiving care to support their weight management. Ogden et al. (2014) relied on data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2011-2012 in which 9120 participants were recruited. Swift et al. (2014) relied on evidence-based qualitative review on weight loss from different modalities of exercise training and physical activities. Skinner and Skelton (2014) evaluated evidence-based qualitative case studies that had recruited 26,690 US children aged 2 to 19 years from 1999 to 2012. The present study will make use of these aspects by focusing on recruiting the participants from the population of interest (children with diabetes).
A comparison of the limitations of the study
The eight articles do not mention their limitations. Still, a notable limitation in the qualitative studies is that they recruited a small number of participants. Recruiting a large sample of participants will improve the results generalizability. Another limitation on the studies is that they did not focus on the children with obesity. Instead, they focused on mixed populations that included a range of age groups from children to adults. The present research will address the two limitations by recruiting a large sample of participants and focusing on children as a sample since the study population is children with obesity A literature review analyzes on Obesity based on PICOT Statement Paper and Literature Evaluation Table.
Conclusion (with recommendations)
One must accept that obesity is a source of concern since it presents a high risk factor for other to non-communicable chronic ailments. In addition, one must acknowledge that the best strategy for addressing obesity is to focus on children, ensuring that they develop into healthy adults. Eight research studies have been present that contribute to the current research topic, but their results are limited by their focus on mixed populations and small sample recruited for qualitative studies. The present research will address the limitations by recruiting a large sample of participants to improve results generalizability, and focusing on children with obesity as the population sample. The intention is to present evidence that supports an efficient and effective strategy for improving obesity management results among children A literature review analyzes on Obesity based on PICOT Statement Paper and Literature Evaluation Table.
.
References
Carayol. J., Chabert, C., Di Cara, A., Armensie, C., Vlasesia, A. & Haper. J. (2017). Protein quantitative trait locus study in obesity during weight-loss identifies a leptin regulator.
Nature Communications 8
, 2084 (2017). Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-02182-z#Abs1
Cochrane, A. J., Dick, B., King, N. A., Hills, A. P. & Kavanagh, D. J. (2017). Developing dimensions for a multicomponent multidisciplinary approach to obesity management.
BMC Public Health
, 17, 814. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4834-2
Foster, C., Moore, J. B., Singletary, C. R. and Skelton, J. A. (2017). Clinicalobesity. Physical activity and family-based obesity treatment.
Wiley Online Library
, 8(1), 68-79. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cob.12230/full#publication-history
Martin, A., Booth, J. N., Laird, Y., Sproule, J., Reilly, J. J. & Saunders, D. H. (2018). Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children and adolescents with obesity or overweight. 1-185.
Cochrane Database
of Systematic Reviews
. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD009728.pub3/full
Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Kit, B. K., & Flegal, K. M. (2014). Prevalence of Childhood and Adult Obesity in the United States.
Jama Network Journals
, 311(8), 806-814. Retrieved from https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/1832542 A literature review analyzes on Obesity based on PICOT Statement Paper and Literature Evaluation Table.
Skinner, A. C. & Skelton, J. A. (2014). Prevalence and trends in obesity and severe obesity among children in the United States.
The JAMA Network Journals
, 168(6), 561-566. Retrieved from https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics /article-abstract/1856480
Swift, D. L., Johannsen, N. M., Lavie, C. J., Earnest, C. P., & Church, T. S. (2014). The role of exercise and physical activity in weight loss and maintenance.
ELSEVIER Publication
, 56(4), 441-447. Retrieved from: http://www.online pcd.com/article/S0033-0620(13)00165-5/fulltext
Torti, J., Liug, T., Borowitz, M., Johnson, J. A., Sharma, A. M., & Cambell-Shere, D. L. (2017). The 5As team patient study: patient perspectives on the role of primary care in obesity management.
BMC Family Practice
, 18(19). Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12875-017-0596-2 A literature review analyzes on Obesity based on PICOT Statement Paper and Literature Evaluation Table.