Category: Nursing

NR439 Week 6: Research Article Critique Paper Example

Research Article Critique Guidelines

Purpose

The purpose of this assignment completed as an APA Paper is for the student to learn to examine, analyze, critique, and summarize an original research article.

Course Outcomes

Through this assignment, the student will demonstrate the ability to meet the following course outcomes:

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CO1: Examine the sources of evidence that contribute to professional nursing practice. (PO7)

CO2: Apply research principles to the interpretation of the content of published research studies. (POs 4 and 8)

CO4: Evaluate published nursing research for credibility and lab significance related to evidence-based practice. (POs 4 and 8) NR439 Week 6: Research Article Critique Paper Example.

CO5: Recognize the role of research findings in evidence-based practice. (POs 7 and 8)

Points

The assignment is worth a total of 175 points.

Rubric

Click to view and download the NR439 Research Article Critique Paper Rubric (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..

Due Date

You are to submit your paper by Sunday 11:59 p.m. MT at the end of Week 6.

Requirements

Through this assignment, the student will:

Critique the required article found below and in your own words, describe the research question, sample, design of study, data collection method, findings, and limitations of each. (CO 1, CO2,)

Summarize the research article and evaluate the significance to nursing. Do not just quote the author’s words NR439 Week 6: Research Article Critique Paper Example. Paraphrase the information. (CO 4, CO5).

You are required to use the article below or you will earn a ”0” for the assignment. In addition, assignments that do not follow the current guidelines and use the required article will be evaluated for evidence of an academic integrity violation.

After the due date, there will be no opportunity for revision or resubmission of assignments that have been uploaded to the submission area. It is your responsibility to submit the correct assignment to the correct submission area NR439 Week 6: Research Article Critique Paper Example.

Guidelines to Writing the Paper

This assignment is completed as an APA paper. APA resources can be found on the Course Resources Module.

Download the required article for analysis:

Lesiuk, T. (2015). The effect of mindfulness-based music therapy on attention and mood in women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: A pilot study. Oncology Nursing Forum, 42(3), 276-282 NR439 Week 6: Research Article Critique Paper Example.

https://chamberlainuniversity.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edswsc&AN=000354233000010&site=eds-live&scope=site (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

Introduction (one paragraph): The introduction should be interesting and capture the reader’s attention.

Provide a brief description of the research article to be discussed.

Discuss the purpose of your paper. The purpose statement of the paper should relate to the research article reviewed and the implications that it has to evidence based nursing practice.

You will need to summarize and analyze the information from the article in your own words

Describe the research question for this study in a paragraph.

Describe the research in greater detail.

Include your observations about this question.

Discuss events or trends that could have affected this question.

You will need to summarize and analyze the information from the article in your own words

Describe the research design of this study, and in your own words discuss the design.

Discuss the research design of the study.

Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the type of design and hypothesize why the author utilized the design as opposed to others.

You will need to summarize the information from the article in your own words

Describe the sample NR439 Week 6: Research Article Critique Paper Example.

Briefly describe the sample size used for this study

Make a judgment as to whether the sample size was adequate and defend your answer.

Describe the number or participants and determine if the number of participants was adequate compared to the research question and the intent of the study.

Are these numbers adequate? Discuss gaps in that you identified.

You will need to summarize and analyze the information from the article in your own words

Describe the data collection method(s)’

Who collected the data?

What tools were used?

What were the ethical considerations addressed and discuss gaps you identified.

You will need to summarize and analyze the information from the article in your own words

Describe the limitations of the study.

Identify the limitations within the study

Describe how the limitations could be overcome in subsequent studies

Comment on why limitations are important to list and discuss within a study

You will need to summarize and analyze the information from the article in your own words

Describe the findings reported in the study.

Describe the findings reported in the study

Discuss whether the findings of the study answered the research question posed within the study

Discuss the credibility of the findings

If the findings do not support the research question posed within the study, what do you believe is the reason?

You will need to summarize and analyze the information from the article in your own words

Summary

Summarize important points from the body of your paper including the key components of the NR439 Week 6: Research Article Critique Paper Example.

Include a statement about the research question and the findings.

Discuss the probability of implementation into practice. Based on these findings, is the evidence that you found on your topic strong enough to suggest a change in practice, or an idea for practice?

End with a concluding statement.

Citations and References must be included to support the information within each topic area. Refer to the APA manual, Chapter 7, for examples of proper reference format. In-text citations are to be noted for all information contained in your paper that is not your original idea or thought. Ask yourself, ”How do I know this?” and then cite the source.

Reference Page: The Reference Page should start on a new page (insert a page break). All references should be cited within the body of the paper as (Author, year) and the full reference should be included in APA format on the reference page. A url link alone is not an adequate reference. See the APA Guidelines in Course Resources for examples of properly formatted references.

Submit the completed paper by 11:59 p.m. MT on Sunday at the end of Week 6.

Research Article Critique

Introduction

Lesiuk (2015) is an eight-page article that presents the results of a study to evaluate the effect of mindfulness-based music therapy (MBMT) on Attention and Mood in Women Receiving Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer. As the title suggests, the study postulated that MBMT would be effective in improving mood and attention outcomes for breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy since mindfulness-based therapies had been determined to be effective in improving cognitive functioning. Of interest is that chemotherapy is acknowledged to be effective in treating breast cancer, yet it is accompanied by undesirable negative effects in the form of depressed attention and mood. Given that medical attention is intended to address a patient’s health needs without causing any undesirable harm, then it stands to reason that an ideal outcome would entail applying chemotherapy without experiencing depressed attention and mood. At its conclusion, the study intended to recommend the use of chemotherapy alongside MBMT to prevent the occurrence of depressed mood and attention as negative effects thereby ensuring better outcomes for breast cancer patients who seek chemotherapy treatment (Lesiuk, 2015) NR439 Week 6: Research Article Critique Paper Example.

Research Question

The article did not explicitly state the research question. Still the question can be inferred that: Can MBMT effectiveness improve the attention and mood of breast cancer patients using chemotherapy treatment? This would be an appropriate question since it identifies the population of interest, intervention under review, an appropriate comparison treatment, and desired outcome. The population of interest is breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy as a management strategy. The intervention under review is MBMT whose effectiveness and functioning is being evaluated. The MBMT measure is applied alongside chemotherapy. The appropriate comparison treatment is the use of chemotherapy alone. The desired outcome is to improve mood and attention of the patients undergoing treatment. Based on these elements the research question can be considered appropriate (Lesiuk, 2015).

Design of the Study

The design applied in the study to collect primary data has been identified as a quantitative, descriptive, longitudinal design. The quantitative aspect of the design refers to its reliance on empirical data collected from the treatment effects on a sample population. The descriptive aspect refers to how the collected data is manipulated to make inferences that answer the research question. The longitudinal aspect refers to the justification applied in selecting the sample participants from among the population of interest NR439 Week 6: Research Article Critique Paper Example. Overall, the research intended to review MBMT performance in terms of affecting attention and mood. To facilitate the evaluation exercise, Conners’ Continuous Performance Test II (CPT-II) version 5 and POMS-BF were applied as tools to measure attention and mood respectively. The two tools are appropriate since they are recognized for presenting true measures of the two variables. The research proceeded by first seeking institutional ethics approval for the study to proceed. This was followed by recruiting 15 breast cancer patients as participants who were subjected to the MBMT program in once-weekly sessions over four weeks. Data was then collected using the two tools before carrying out statistical analysis that determined the correlation between the use of MBMT and the variables of interest (Lesiuk, 2015). The research design applied in the study is appropriate. That is because it recruited participants from among the population of interest and used verified tools to collect a true measure of attention and mood as the variables of interest. Additionally, the collected data was subjected to statistical analysis carried out be software (Privitera, 2014) NR439 Week 6: Research Article Critique Paper Example.

Sample/Population of the Study

The study recruited a sample of 15 participants who were all breast cancer patients who were undergoing chemotherapy as part of their treatment. These participants were recruited from Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center where they were undergoing treatment using chemotherapy. The recruited participants were a suitable source of primary data for the study since they are the population of interest (breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy as treatment). Besides that, the sample was recruited in a cancer treatment facility where data can easily be collected to advance the research goals (Lesiuk, 2015) NR439 Week 6: Research Article Critique Paper Example. Although the sample can be considered appropriate since it was selected from the population of interest, the number of participants who were recruited is worrying. That is because 15 is a small number when evaluated against the total number of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Although this was a number recruited through convenience by accepting the patients who qualified to participate in the study and expressed a willingness to be recruited, more effort should have been expended to recruit a larger number of participants to ensure that the results presented an average of the population. That is to say that the results generalizability can only be guaranteed by recruiting a larger number of participants (Bryman, 2016) NR439 Week 6: Research Article Critique Paper Example.

Data Collection Methods

Data collection relied on two tools. The first tool is Conners’ Continuous Performance Test II (CPT-II) version 5 that measured the participants’ attention scores. The second tool is POMS-BF that measured the participants’ mood score. These two tools are considered appropriate since they presented a true measure of attention and mood as the variables under review as evidenced by the fact that they have been used in other studies for the same purpose (Lesiuk, 2015). While the data collection methods may have presented a true measure of the variables under review, the accuracy of the collected data cannot be guaranteed since there is a possibility of researcher bias. The study was conducted by a single individual who was responsible for all aspects of data collection. This implies that the research could have easily manipulated the data to conform to some preconceived notion of what the results should reflect NR439 Week 6: Research Article Critique Paper Example. To counter this bias, the researcher should have recruited more people to verify that the data collection was conducted honestly with no bias (Bryman, 2016).

Limitations

The article does not mention any limitations that the researcher faced during the course of the study. Still, there are some limitations that can be inferred from the article. The first limitation is that the research only recruited 15 participants thereby reducing the results generalizability. A larger number of participants should have been recruited from different facilities to improve generalizability. The second limitation is that the study was conducted over a very short period of time. Four sessions spread over four weeks is not enough time to gain a true understanding of the effects of MBMT. The study should be conducted over a longer period of time to counter this limitation (Manfra & Bolick, 2017).

Findings

The mean age of the participants is 52.6 with the oldest participant being 70 years while the youngest participant was 27 years. The MBMT program improved both attention (
F
[1,14] = 6.69,
p
=0.022) and mood (
F
[5,65] = 20.83,
p
<0.001) with the results being statistically significant. Based on this results, it can be accepted that MBMT is effective in improving both attention and mood for breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. These results are credible since the procedure for arriving at them was well presented to facilitate replication (Lesiuk, 2015). NR439 Week 6: Research Article Critique Paper Example. Summary of the Article The article explores the position that MBMT can play in improving both attention and mood for breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. To achieve this aim, the study applied a quantitative, descriptive, longitudinal design to collect primary data. In fact, it recruited 15 breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy for treatment then subjected them to Conners’ Continuous Performance Test II (CPT-II) version 5 and POMS-BF to collect their attention and mood scores respectively. The collected data was then subjected to statistical analysis, which determined that MBMT is effective in improving both attention and mood for breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy NR439 Week 6: Research Article Critique Paper Example. Still, the value of the results is reduced by the small number of participants and the study being conducted over a short period of time as limitations. References Bryman, A. (2016). Social Research Methods (5 th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Lesiuk, T. (2015). The effect of mindfulness-based music therapy on attention and mood in women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: A pilot study. Oncology Nursing Forum , 42(3), 276-282. Manfra, M. & Bolick, C. (2017). The Wiley Handbook of Social Studies Research . West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons. Privitera, G. (2014). Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences . Los Angeles, CA: SAGE NR439 Week 6: Research Article Critique Paper Example.

Perception of Aging Discussion Essay

Discuss your own philosophy of aging. When do you think a person becomes elderly? What do you think of older people? Are they active, senile, debilitated, etc.? Give a description of an elderly person that you know.

Perception of Aging

The aging process begins from birth and follows a predictable sigmoid curve that ultimately leads to the loss of all body functions and death. In fact, aging is linked with both cognitive and physical declines. This predictable pattern occurs if growth is allowed to progress without hindrance. The more current improvement to medical treatment approaches, research and technology allow for individuals to have longer lifespans. Perception of Aging Discussion Essay. In essence, these improvements have only managed to slow down the deteriorative physical and cognitive growth process. This implies that advancing in age does not necessarily imply becoming dependent and frail. Similar to other population identifiers, aging is not a uniform process that relies on time. That is because aging is socially diverse, and is affected by ongoing medical, economic and social changes that present different circumstances, settings and needs (Harlew, 2013). For instance, a man who ate healthy foods may appear less aged when compared to a similar aged counterpart who mostly ate junk food.

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Kamouni (2016) reports on one of the scientific advances reported to reverse aging. In fact, the online newspaper article reports on the development of an anti-ageing compound by British scientists. In this case, the scientists linked to Nottingham University stated that they had identified a cellular protein (carbonic anhydrase) located in the mitochondria and responsible for aging. The study noted that the proteins’ quantities increased with advance in age to imply that older individuals had a larger quantity of the protein when compared to their younger counterparts (Kamouni, 2016) Perception of Aging Discussion Essay.

Tangible evidence collected from experimental studies involving mice as subjects noted that the identified protein was present in the muscle cells and brain tissue thereby supporting the scientists’ assertions and reports. Also, it was observed that mice with brain deterioration reported higher amounts of the protein. This led the scientists to deduct that carbon anhydrase is linked to degeneration of the body and brain. To validate their results, the scientific researchers synthesized the protein then used it to treat nematode worms. Comparing the results between untreated and treated worms showed that the treated warms had a shorter lifespan than their untreated counterparts. Perception of Aging Discussion Essay. Following this results, they conclude that the protein’s function was to facilitate the aging process. Working with this evidence (that carbonic anhydrase is responsible for aging), they postulated that inhibiting the protein action would effectively slow or even halt the aging process. They anticipate that once these inhibitors are identified, they could then be packaged and sold as pharmaceutical drugs (Kamouni, 2016). In this respect, aging can be considered as the increased accumulation and concentration of carbon anhydrase in the body since its function is to increase cognitive and physical declines Perception of Aging Discussion Essay.

References

Harlew, G. (2013).
Ethics in Clinical Practice: An inter-professional approach
. New York: Routledge.

Kamouni, S. (2016).
Anti-Ageing Pill? Breakthrough as scientists discover how to slow down the ageing process – raising hopes of drug treatments
. Retrieved from https://www.thesun.co.uk/living/1944409/breakthrough-as-scientists-discover-how-to-slow-down-the-ageing-process-raising-hopes-of-drug-treatments Perception of Aging Discussion Essay.

Age-related changes that affect the lifestyle of the elderly essay

What do you think are the two most prevalent age-related changes that affect the lifestyle of the elderly? How would you help an elderly patient adjust to the two changes you identified?

Discussion

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As individuals age, they are faced with age-related changes that affect their lifestyle. These changes are in the form of cognitive, physical and income declines. There is a correlation between completion of cognitive tasks and age. In fact, persons of advanced age will typically underperform their younger counterparts in recall and memory tasks. The performance difference is blamed in cognitive decline, except for habitual and instinctive tasks that are conducted subconsciously and do not engage recall or memory. As such, cognitively decline makes it difficult for elderly persons to complete tasks adequately and competently, thus affecting their lifestyle. This is addressed by implementing a reminder system (such as notes and alarms) that simplifies recall and memory (Dhami, Schlottmann & Waldmann, 2012). Age-related changes that affect the lifestyle of the elderly essay. Other than cognitive declines, elderly persons also face physical declines that reduce their mobility and make them prone to injury. Although not much can be done about cognitive declines except to conduct memory exercises, physical declines can be addressed in a more direct manner. Addressing physical declines would entail actively maintaining peak physical condition as a tactic for reducing the risk of falls. This would occur by making the individuals more nimble at navigating physical obstacles and developing greater physical awareness. Exercise programs present a good opportunity for maintaining peak physical condition as well as developing greater physical awareness that improves balance, back strength, lower extremity strength and flexibility, while reducing the fear of falling. This occurs by training the muscles and bone structures to be resilient and stronger. Besides physical and cognitive declines, elderly persons also face income declines that are compounded by inflation making it difficult for them to maintain the same lifestyle. This can be addressed through better investment management (Pitta, 2015) Age-related changes that affect the lifestyle of the elderly essay. In this respect, elderly persons face physical, income and cognitive declines that affect their lifestyles.

References

Dhami, M., Schlottmann, A. & Waldmann, M. (2012).
Judgment and Decision Making as a Skill: Learning, Development, and Evolution
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Pitta, P. (2014).
Solving modern family dilemmas: an assimilative therapy model
. New Yor, NY: Routledge Age-related changes that affect the lifestyle of the elderly essay.

Older Adult Interview/Patient Questionnaire/Assessing and Planning Care for an Elderly Person

Choose an older adult to interview. This cannot be a patient in your clinical setting. You can use a friend, family member, or co-worker. The older adult should be 65 years or older. Use the format provided to record the responses. A list of questions is available for you to start with. Include 2–3 questions of your own to get a complete picture of the older adult. Summarize your findings and also contrast the responses with findings in your readings and other current literature Older Adult Interview/Patient Questionnaire/Assessing and Planning Care for an Elderly Person.

This form should be used as an example:

[Patient Questionnaire

INTERVIEW OF CHOSEN ELDER ADULT

Name:

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Age:

Brief Introduction (Background information):

1. Philosophy on living a long life:

2. Thoughts about when a person is considered “too old”:

3. Opinion on the status and treatment of older adults:

4. Beliefs about health and illness:

5. Health promotion activities he or she participates in:

6. Something special that helped the person live so long:

7. Life span of other family members:

8. Special dietary traditions in patient’s culture attributed with aiding long life:

9. Any remedies/medications that have been handed down in family/group. If yes, describe.

10. Patient’s description of current and past health status

11. The values that guided life so far Older Adult Interview/Patient Questionnaire/Assessing and Planning Care for an Elderly Person

Additional Questions

1.

2.

3.

Summary:

Contrast of client’s responses with findings in current literature:]

After gaining permission, conduct a physical and mental functional assessment of the older adult you have chosen. Review your readings for the process of functional assessment.

Make use of the tools discussed this week to complete a comprehensive assessment of your patient. Search the Internet for resources on these tools.

Tinetti Balance and Gait Evaluation

Katz Index of Activities of Daily Living

Assessment of Home Safety

The Barthel Index

Make sure the older adult is clearly identified on the tools. Do not include their name, but do include professional or other designation, and age. Your name should also be identified on the tool. (This should be a part of your Appendix.)

Compare and contrast the age-related changes of the older person you interviewed and assessed with those identified in this week’s reading assignment. During this data analysis process provide at least 4–6 preliminary issues that you have identified. Identify three alterations in health that you would propose and describe them. Identify a minimum of three comprehensive interventions for each problem. Older Adult Interview/Patient Questionnaire/Assessing and Planning Care for an Elderly Person.

Make sure that you integrate personal cultural awareness and cultural competency.

Paper should be 5–6 pages, not including the questionnaire or tools used. These should be attached as an Appendix. Remember to use headings to identify the different sections in your paper.

On a separate references page, cite all sources using APA format.

Patient Questionnaire

Name:

Age: 80

Questionnaire and the responses

What is your philosophy on longevity of life?

“Living a long life means you led or living a good life. Those who die early have a bad life”

2. What are your thoughts about when a person is considered “too old”?

“A person is considered too old when they become less functional and start depending on others. They start getting memory problems. They start having many illnesses and have less comfortable life.”

3. What is your opinion on the status and treatment of older adults?

“Treatment of elderly people should be holistic and should start from preventive stages. Diseases of old age can be predicted and so physicians must prepare to handle them”.

4. What are your beliefs about health and illness in the elderly?

“The old get sick often and their diseases are frequently more than one.”

5. Do you participate in any health promotion activities? Older Adult Interview/Patient Questionnaire/Assessing and Planning Care for an Elderly Person.

“I help young women try to lose their weight. We have a group that meets weekly to discuss progress of weight loss over the week. I mostly play passive role though but keep the younger ones in check to achieving their target.”

6. Is there anything special that has helped you live long?

“I successfully controlled my smoking and was always watching on my diet. I also have my blood pressure under control.”

7. How many years have your other family members lived?

“My wife is 60 years old and alive. My dad died at 100 years. My mother is alive and 105 years old. My siblings are 67 and 60 years old.”

8. Is there any special dietary tradition in your culture that has contributed to your long life?

“There are nothing written by the book but we always encourage vegetarian diet. We only take meet and junk foods after the church service on Sundays.”

9. Are there any remedies that have been passed down the generation that is responsible for longevity?

“There are no medications or any other remedy that is passed down the generation tree”

10. Can you kindly describe your current and past health condition/status?

“I have high blood and that is under control. I was admitted once for very high blood pressures in the recent past. I also had Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease but I stopped smoking 5 years ago and I am doing well.”

11. What are the values that have guided your life so far?

“Love for my wife and family. We always are happy and happiness lengthens our lives. We are still a strong family.” Older Adult Interview/Patient Questionnaire/Assessing and Planning Care for an Elderly Person.

12. Do you believe that the elderly are useful in the society?

“The elderly, even though dependent on people, play a crucial role in society. They have experience and have good advice for the younger ones. Even though, passively, they can play other important roles for example what I do to help people lose weight”

Do you think having non-communicable diseases as you shorten life?

“I think things such as high blood pressure, diabetes take a toll on us as they are present for lifetime. They make us go to hospital many times.”

14. Why do people want to live long life?

“I do not really know. It could be because old age is associated with good life or because they want to accomplish everything they wanted to have.”

Do you think that the population of elderly people will rise in future?

“Yes. I think many people are increasingly becoming old. So yes, the older people will be many in future.” Older Adult Interview/Patient Questionnaire/Assessing and Planning Care for an Elderly Person.

Summary

Most of the interviewer’s views are in tandem with the literature. For example, it is true that most elderly are prone to getting illnesses. Their health deteriorates over time. Singh & Misra (2009) asset that the elderly experience many social, psychological and physical challenges in life that impact on their sense of capacity and self. They experience depression and loneliness (Singh &Misra, 2009). His view that the elderly population will rise in the near future is also true. Most of his family members are also elderly. The elderly population is growing due to advance in the level of care and health education. For example, the population of elderly has risen from 5 % in 1960 to 23% in 2010. It is also true that the elderly get many diseases. Non-communicable diseases are also on the rise. Social and psychosocial problems in the elderly hamper their ability to live a healthy life (Isaacowitz& Smith, 2003) Older Adult Interview/Patient Questionnaire/Assessing and Planning Care for an Elderly Person. Another research also found poor health disproportionally affects the elder although the mean-level age difference in well-being is positive or null (Arai et al., 2012).

Tinetti Balance and Gait Evaluation

Tinetti Balance and Gait score assess the chances of an elderly falling within the next one year. Each variant is given a score from 0-2 and higher scores have better outcome in terms of risk of fall.  It has a total score of 28 with values less than 19 being indicative of high risk of fall. Any value from 19 is considered to have risk of fall. Older Adult Interview/Patient Questionnaire/Assessing and Planning Care for an Elderly Person.

Tinetti Balance and Gait Evaluation

Interviewer:

Date:

BALANCE

ACTIVITY

SCORE

Balance when sitting

1

Can rise with arm support

1

He rises with single attempt

2

Standing balance is firm without support

2

Standing balance is steady with wide stance

2

Steady on nudging

2

Balance intact with eyes closed

2

Has discontinuous steps on 360 turn

0

Non-smooth motion on sitting down

1

SUB-TOTAL

13/16

 

 

GAIT

ACTIVITY

SCORE

Patient can initiate gait immediately

1

Step length and height for left and right swing foot-passes stance to the opposite

1,1

Has equal left and right step symmetry

1

Has continuous step

1

No deviation in path

2

Has no sway on trunk but slight flexion of knees

1

Heels almost touch on walking

1

SUB-TOTAL

9/12

TOTA TINNETI SCORE

22/28

INTERPRETATION

RISK FOR FALL

 

(Elsawy, & Higgins, 2011)

Katz Index of Activities of Daily Living

Interviewer:

Interviewee:

Age:

Profession:

The Katz index of independence in Activities of Daily Living was 5/6 for this patient. The points are as follows Older Adult Interview/Patient Questionnaire/Assessing and Planning Care for an Elderly Person.

 

ACTIVITY

SCORE

Baths without any help

1

Dresses without any help

1

Does toileting on his own

1

Can transfer himself without help

1

Has partial urinary incontinence

0

Feeds himself without help

1

TOTAL

5/6

INTERPRETATION

Patient is independent

 

(Elsawy, & Higgins, 2011)

Assessment of Home Safety

The assessment of home safety for this elderly person will be considered under the living room, the status of the bathroom, bedroom and outside the house

LIVING ROOM

Has doorways are appropriately wide

The living room has loose electrical cords that are unsafe

The pathways in the living room are clear

The electrical cables are not overloaded and the switch is within acceptable reach.

BEDROOM

The bed is set low enough to be freely accessible

There is no installation of night light

There are no loose area rugs and carpet sections

There is no stable chair in the room to make dressing safer and easy

There is no rolling furniture Older Adult Interview/Patient Questionnaire/Assessing and Planning Care for an Elderly Person

BATHROOM

There are no grab handles near sink, toilet or shower

The water heater temperature had not been set to less than 120 degrees

There are loose rugs on the bathroom floor

Toilet sit is raised well

No phone or waterproof medical alert device for emergency call

OUTSIDE HOME

The sidewalk is in appropriate condition

The front door is in good condition

There is adequate lighting

There are railings along the front steps

 

(Tomita et al., 2014)

Interpretation: Outside the home is safe. The bathroom is unsafe. The living room is safe. The bedroom is 50% safe.

The Barthel Index assesses functional independence.

THE BARTHEL INDEX SCORE

ACTIVITY

SCORE

INTERPRETATION

Feeding

10

Independent

Grooming

5

Independent

Toileting

10

Independent

Bowel Control

10

Has continence

Dressing

10

Independent

Transfers

15

Independent

Bladder control

5

Occasional accident

Bathing

5

Independent

Mobility on flat surface

15

Independent

Stair case movement

5

Needs help

TOTAL SCORE

95

Fully independent

MINI-COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT

Assesses for presence of dementia

ITEMS RECALLED

DRAWING OF CLOCK

INTERPRETATION

0

A

P

1

n

N

1

A

P

2

n

N

2

A

P

3

n

N

3

A

N

KEY

ITEMS RECALLED-the number of three unrelated items that the interviewee recalls

DRAWING-ability to draw clock

A-abnormal

n-Normal

P-Positive

N-negative

INTERPRETATION

The patient is at the red line where he recalls only two unrelated words (dog and table) and has abnormal clock drawing and therefore tests positive for dementia

Whole Analysis-comparison

The patient tested positive for dementia. He was able to recall two unrelated words; dog and table. His clock drawing result was abnormal and therefore he tested positive for dementia on the mini-cognitive assessment. Dementia refers to progressive decline in the cognitive functions of an individual. Symptoms such as apathy, depression, agitation and other neuropsychiatric symptoms are common. With this loss of function, the patient looses independence and may require placement in home care. Older Adult Interview/Patient Questionnaire/Assessing and Planning Care for an Elderly Person. The age-standardized prevalence of dementia from 11 European countries based on population studies was at 6.4% for all cases and 4.4 % for Alzheimer’s disease. The prevalence is higher in women than in men and nearly doubled every five-year increase in age.  For the population above 90 years, close to 30% of them had dementia. Alzheimer’s disease was present in 54% of the patients who have dementia. Thus, it is normal for the interviewee to have some form of cognitive impairment. Another important finding is the occasional loss of bladder control. This is also an expected finding in male patients of that age. Most times it can be from bladder outlet obstruction secondary to Benign Prostatic Enlargement. Other symptoms of Benign Prostatic Enlargement should be sought. The levels of the PSA will also be valuable in the further assessment of the patient. The patient should be seen by the urologist for further assessment. If enlargement is found he can be given medications or have urinary catheter in situ for symptomatic relief before prostatectomy is carried out. On physical evaluation, it was also found that, the interviewer had difficulty in climbing stairs. He has strong balance control for his age and his gait is normal for the age. Home safety found the bathroom is unsafe. To make his home safer for his age, there is need to install grab handles near the sink, toilet and the shower. The water heater also needs to be set to less than 120-degree for the maximum temperature. Further, there is need to eliminate loose throw rugs on the bathroom floor. Lastly, there is need to install a phone in the bathroom or have a waterproof medical alert device for emergency calls. The patient has Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease that he has acquired due to long-standing cigarette smoking. It is commendable that he has quit smoking. However, COPD is a chronic disease and elderly patient are at risk of developing acute exacerbations. He has to be taught appropriate inhaler technique. His role in helping others lose weight is also recommendable. He plays a passive role despite being overweight. Moderate exercise is advisable for him. Apart from weight loss, it will also help him to control his blood pressures well. He is a vegetarian. DASH diet will be recommendable for him. Residential nursing care is not recommended for him as he has fairly good physical and mental functions. Further, he has a fairly young and supportive wife who can take good care of him Older Adult Interview/Patient Questionnaire/Assessing and Planning Care for an Elderly Person.

.

References

Arai, H., Ouchi, Y., Yokode, M., Ito, H., Uematsu, H., Eto, F., … & Tsubota, K. (2012). Toward the realization of a better aged society: messages from gerontology and geriatrics. 
Geriatrics & gerontology international
, 
12
(1), 16-22.

Elsawy, B., & Higgins, K. E. (2011). The geriatric assessment. 
Am Fam Physician
, 
83
(1), 48-56.

Isaacowitz, D. M., & Smith, J. (2003). Positive and negative affect in very old age. 
The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences
, 
58
(3), P143-P152.

Singh, A., & Misra, N. (2009). Loneliness, depression and sociability in old age. 
Industrial psychiatry journal
, 
18
(1), 51. Older Adult Interview/Patient Questionnaire/Assessing and Planning Care for an Elderly Person.

Tomita, M. R., Saharan, S., Rajendran, S., Nochajski, S. M., & Schweitzer, J. A. (2014). Psychometrics of the Home Safety Self-Assessment Tool (HSSAT) to prevent falls in community-dwelling older adults. 
American journal of occupational therapy
, 
68
(6), 711-718 Older Adult Interview/Patient Questionnaire/Assessing and Planning Care for an Elderly Person.

PICO analysis of depression essay

A PICO analysis is used to pose a focused clinical question to which you find appropriate evidence-based answers. The PICO question should include the patient or population (P), anticipated intervention (I), comparison group or current standard (C), and outcome desired (O). In this Assignment, you develop a question related to dementia, delirium, or depression. Through your PICO analysis, you explore various resources and examine current evidence to answer the question you develop.

To prepare:

Select one of the following disorders as your topic: dementia, delirium, or depression.

Review the guidelines in the “Literature Review Matrix” document in this week’s Learning Resources.

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Think about a research question around your issue as indicated in Part I: PICO Analysis of Research Topic. PICO analysis of depression essay.

Consider the resources you will use, search terms and criteria, and Boolean search strings as indicated in Part II: Search Strategy.

Using the Walden Library and other appropriate databases, locate five articles related to your PICO question. At least one article must be a systematic review. All of the articles should be primary sources.

Reflect on the five articles you selected as indicated in Part III: Analysis of Literature. Consider the conceptual framework/theory, main finding, research method, strengths of study, weaknesses, and level of evidence for each article PICO analysis of depression essay.

Consider how to use the summaries in Part III to create an evidence table. Use this evidence table to determine appropriate treatment options for patients who present with the disorder you selected as your topic.

To complete:

Formulate a question around the disorder you selected as indicated in Part I: PICO Analysis of Research Topic. PICO analysis of depression essay.

Identify the resources you will use, search terms and criteria, and Boolean search strings as indicated in Part II: Search Strategy.

Summarize the five articles you selected as indicated in Part III: Analysis of Literature. Describe the conceptual framework/theory, main finding, research method, strengths of study, weaknesses, and level of evidence for each article.

Create an evidence table based on the article summaries in Part III. Describe appropriate treatment options for patients based on this evidence table.

Managing Depression among Pregnant Women

Part I and II

This study investigated the need and strategies to manage depression cases among pregnant women. For this study, five sources were selected from varying databases after entering several search terms and search strings. The key search term deployed for the study included pregnancy, prenatal, depression, exercise. Consequently, the search strings for the study included maternal depression, pregnancy depressive symptoms, child outcomes, pregnancy and prenatal depression, and pregnancy depressive disorder. PICO analysis of depression essay. The resources selected were all primary sources and had a time range of not more than five years. Moreover, two of the articles were systematic reviews.

Part III: Analysis of Literature.

Gentile (2017) conducted a systematic review investigating the effect of Untreated depression during pregnancy with emphasis on both the Short-and long-term effects to the offspring. In the study, Forty-three articles were selected from varying databases since August 2015. This studies revealed that untreated depression during pregnancy had adverse effects on the developing fetus, newborns and young children, a factor which facilitated including hyperactivity, and irregular fetal heart rate, and resulted to premature deaths PICO analysis of depression essay. Consequently, untreated depression during pregnancy had a significant effect on children in later development ranging from “increased salivary cortisol levels, internalizing and externalizing problems, and central adiposity.” The study highlighted a controversy on the correlation between gestational depression and an increase in prematurity and low birth weight.

Another study by Glover, (2014) investigating on the measures that should be enacted to address “Maternal depression, anxiety and stress during pregnancy and child outcome” from the study Results revealed that even though other factors such as genetics and postnatal care were at play, prenatal anxiety and depression played a significant role facilitating the child’s behavioral and psychological outcomes PICO analysis of depression essay.

The study by Perales, Refoyo, Coteron, Bacchi, and Barakat. (2015) was a randomized controlled trial investigating whether “Exercise during pregnancy attenuates prenatal depression.” the sample for this study was 184 pregnant women selected from Fuenlabrada Hospital. Two groups EG supervised exercise and CG control group were developed and 90 women from the sample were allocated to the EG while the other 77 women were included in the control group (CG). From this study, it was observed that “supervised physical exercise during pregnancy curbed depression and its incidence in pregnant women.”(Perales et al., 2015)

The other study selected was a systematic review conducted by Staneva, Bogossian, Pritchard, and Wittkowski, (2015) investigating “The effects of maternal depression, anxiety, and perceived stress during pregnancy on preterm birth” in this study Four databases were searched in a bid to select articles “focusing on the association between antenatal depression, anxiety, and stress, and preterm birth published in English between 1980 and 2013.” The study result highlighted a strong correlation between antenatal distress during the pregnancy and preterm birth.

The article by Woolhouse, Gartland, Mensah and Brown (2015) “Maternal depression from early pregnancy to 4 years postpartum in a prospective pregnancy cohort study: implications for primary health care” sort to highlight the prevalence and the underlying  risk factors for depressive symptoms employing a cohort study for a 4 years nulliparous women as the study design. The sample was 1507 women whereby the resultant data highlighted a mean gestation of 15 weeks PICO analysis of depression essay. From the study 1 in every three women reported a case of depression symptom in the first four months and the resultant depression prevalence in this study was at 14.5%.

Appropriate treatment options

From the analyzed literature its evident that prevalence of depressive symptoms among pregnant women is high. Moreover, Woolhouse et al. (2015) observed that depression symptoms were also likely to extend to the early years of postpartum heightening the negative impact of depression. Consequently, the articles recommend several interventions to curb the depression symptoms and manage stress and depression cases related to pregnancy PICO analysis of depression essay. However, Gentile’s study also cautions the medical practitioners to weigh out possible effects of some intervention strategies especially the antidepressants which have been highlighted as harbouring utero exposure risks (Gentile, 2017). In this regard, following the literature analysis, this study has highlighted four interventions strategies as adequate to manage pregnancy depression cases.

Notably, depression symptoms in women are high in pregnancy and early years of parenting and pose a significant risk to both the mother and the child (Woolhouse et al., 2015). As such, healthcare services should scale up surveillance of depressive symptoms to all women in this categories. In this regard, this study suggests that free depression medical checkups should be enacted in health centres to cater for the pregnant women and those in early years of postpartum.

Consequently, psychological distress manifest in varying ways including anxiety and stress was shown to be highly correlated with depression (Staneva et al., 2015). As such, this paper proposes that any form of psychological distress evident in pregnant women should be handled with heightened caution and curbed adequately. The Health practitioners especially those engaged perinatal care to women should be adequately informed to work in corroboration and share information amongst them self to ensure that all symptoms have been assessed and adequate intervention measures enacted as deemed appropriate (Glover, 2014). This intern will improve outcomes for both mothers and infants.

Lastly, a notable intervention strategy that had a significant positive outcome in the reduction of depression in pregnant women was evident in Perales et al. (2015) study. According, to the study, supervised physical exercise during pregnancy was shown to significantly lower the level of depression and probability of depression incidence in the pregnant women (Perales et al., 2015). The efficacy of the approach was also heightened by the possibility of negative effect both to the mother and the fetus accrued with depressants PICO analysis of depression essay.

According to Gentile (2017), several studies have pointed out on the possibility of negative outcome associated with in utero exposure to antidepressants. However, the study also emphasizes that if untreated dare consequences are likely to befall the mother and the child extending to later years in life. According to the study possible effects of depression in pregnancy to the child in later years include “increased salivary cortisol levels, internalizing and externalizing problems, and central adiposity” (Gentile, 2017, p 157). As such, this study proposes that healthcare institutions should enact programs or collaborate with professional physical exercise providers to ensure the pregnant patients get supervised physical exercise sessions as a means to curb depression cases and symptoms

References

Gentile, S. (2017). Untreated depression during pregnancy: Short-and long-term effects in offspring. A systematic review. 
Neuroscience
, 
342
, 154-166.

Glover, V. (2014). Maternal depression, anxiety and stress during pregnancy and child outcome; what needs to be done. 
Best practice & research Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology
, 
28
(1), 25-35.

Perales, M., Refoyo, I., Coteron, J., Bacchi, M., & Barakat, R. (2015). Exercise during pregnancy attenuates prenatal depression: a randomized controlled trial. 
Evaluation & the health professions
, 
38
(1), 59-72 PICO analysis of depression essay.

Staneva, A., Bogossian, F., Pritchard, M., & Wittkowski, A. (2015). The effects of maternal depression, anxiety, and perceived stress during pregnancy on preterm birth: a systematic review. 
Women and Birth
, 
28
(3), 179-193.

Woolhouse, H., Gartland, D., Mensah, F., & Brown, S. J. (2015). Maternal depression from early pregnancy to 4 years postpartum in a prospective pregnancy cohort study: implications for primary health care. 
BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
, 
122
(3), 312-321 PICO analysis of depression essay.

Shattuck Lecture: A Successful and Sustainable Health System — How to Get There From Here

QUESTION 1: The Author Of The Assigned Article, “Shattuck Lecture:

This is a discussion post, ABOUT
250 WORDS
, tittle page not require In- text citation is required original work please, 
scholarly references
 are required for this assignment, 
website source strongly preferred
.

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QUESTION 1:
 The author of the assigned article, “Shattuck Lecture:

The author of the assigned article, “Shattuck Lecture: A Successful and Sustainable Health System — How to Get There From Here”

(
https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/docview/929159711?accountid=7374
) maintains that a sustainable health system has three key attributes. What are these three key attributes and what recommendations are offered to ensure efficiency, sustainability, and optimal functioning? 
A minimum of THREE academic references from credible sources are required for this assignment

Shattuck Lecture: A Successful and Sustainable Health System — How to Get There From Here

Essential Academic Writing Skills (Driverless Vehicles: A Vision for Singapore Transport​)

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1. Stick to the given deadline, no extension will be given.

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Title of Assignment:

Essential Academic Writing Skills 
(Driverless Vehicles: A Vision for Singapore’s Transport
)

General Assignment Information:

Number of Words: 750

Number of References: 5

Referencing Style: APA

Deadline: 25 hours

Education Level: Degree

Please refer to attached document for 
FULL INSTRUCTIONS
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read everything 
before bidding. Essential Academic Writing Skills (Driverless Vehicles: A Vision for Singapore Transport​)

COR160 Essential Academic Writing Skills Tutor-Marked Assignment 01 January 2018 Presentation COR160 Tutor-Marked Assignment TUTOR-MARKED ASSIGNMENT 01 This tutor-marked assignment is worth 45% of the final mark for COR160 Essential Academic Writing Skills. The cut-off date for this assignment is 2355hrs on 09 February 2018. ___________________________________________________________________________ Submit your solution document in the form of a single MS Word file on or before the cut-off date shown above. Additional instructions: 1. You will need to indicate clearly on the front page your name, student ID, course title and assignment number. Note also the following:  Spacing (between the lines): 1.5 or double spacing  Font style: Arial or Times New Roman preferred  Font size: 12 preferred (min 11 and max 13) 2. Essential Academic Writing Skills (Driverless Vehicles: A Vision for Singapore Transport​). Summarise using your own words as much as possible. You must document all information that you use from another source, or you will be penalized severely. You must acknowledge these by using the APA documentation style. This includes both in-text citations and end-of-text referencing. 3. If you copy from the work of another student, regardless of the course or programme, you will be severely penalized. You are not permitted to re-use material from past assignments whether in part or in full. All of the above actions can result in your failing the TMA. *Remember that accurate and proper documentation of information from secondary sources is essential because SUSS takes a very serious view on plagiarism. All information from secondary sources will be detected by the Turnitin software that your assignment will be put through in Canvas and anything that is not acknowledged and properly documented will be taken as an instance of plagiarism and your assignment may be failed. Scope You will find Chapters 3 (Critical Reading), 7 (Summary, Paraphrase, Quotation), 8a (Synthesizing), 8b (Synthesizing Sources) and 9 (Locating, Mining and Citing Sources) in your COR160 textbook useful. Refer also to the relevant on-line study units. SINGAPORE UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (SUSS) Page 2 of 11 COR160 Tutor-Marked Assignment Learning outcomes  Cite sources in writing using the proper citation and referencing style.  Evaluate information critically from various sources to respond to a task.  Synthesise information from various sources in writing in response to a given task.  Develop a rhetorical structure of an essay. Question 1 Driverless vehicles: A vision for Singapore’s transport Imagine being able to get where you want to go, whenever you want, without the stress of driving. Imagine a neighbourhood with green and open spaces, with roads that are safe. The future of Singapore’s transport system could bring greater mobility for the elderly and the disabled. The enabling technology? Driverless vehicles. Exciting times Autonomous Vehicle (AV) technology is now coming into its own. Automakers have shifted their driverless vehicle research and development into top gear. Cities are racing to set up their regulatory and liability frameworks to facilitate the deployment of AVs. AV promises a more efficient transportation solution and lower environmental footprint by optimising road usage. In Singapore, the North-East and Downtown MRT lines, and LRT already use driverless technology to improve the punctuality of our mass transport and overcome our manpower constraints. AV-enabled mobility could be a central feature in our future town-planning, enabling commuters to get around effortlessly by offering first- and last-mile connectivity within neighbourhoods. The sharing of autonomous vehicles will reduce the number of vehicles on the roads, thereby increasing convenience to commuters. Charting new territory To this end, the Committee on Autonomous Road Transport for Singapore (CARTS) has been set up to chart the strategic direction for AV-enabled land mobility concepts in Singapore. Its members include renowned international experts, academics and industry representatives. Essential Academic Writing Skills (Driverless Vehicles: A Vision for Singapore Transport​). SINGAPORE UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (SUSS) Page 3 of 11 COR160 Tutor-Marked Assignment To support the visioning work of CARTS, LTA signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Singapore’s lead R&D agency, A*STAR, to set up the Singapore Autonomous Vehicle Initiative (SAVI), which will explore the technological possibilities that AVs can create for Singapore. Vision into reality Progress has been swift, with several AV research and development trials already underway. The public can try out the driverless buggies in the Jurong Lake District and the NUS campus; or the autonomous shuttle bus running from the NTU campus to Cleantech Park. On 1 January 2015, One-North will host the first public road network for the testing of driverless vehicles. Connecting Biopolis, Fusionopolis and Mediapolis, the test course comprises both light and heavy traffic routes, under real traffic conditions. A peek into the future 10 to 15 years down the road, an AV might take your children to school, before bringing you to work. Rather than being left unused at the carpark, it could then be routed to drop your parents off at the market. Such an automated system could enable car-sharing in a wider sense, with a potential to reduce passenger vehicles to a third of current numbers, according to a 2011 MIT study in Singapore. Even freight transport can be transformed. As a major air and shipping hub, Singapore has much to gain from developments in this area. With automated transport, we could be less reliant on manpower, and see improvements in safety and productivity. Optimised routes and schedules will boost performance and help keep our country at the top of the trade. A “Smart Nation” Efficient, environmentally friendly, time-saving and stress free, AVs could transform our lifestyles. Given the new challenges our city-state faces with a growing population and limited land area, a combination of new technology, new business models and forward-thinking regulation is needed to meet our needs. And AVs will play their part in this.  Adapted from Ministry of Transport website: Essential Academic Writing Skills (Driverless Vehicles: A Vision for Singapore Transport​).https://www.mot.gov.sg/TransportMatters/Motoring/Driverless-vehicles–A-vision-for-Singapore-s-transport/ There has been much discussion in the media with regard to the recent move by the Singapore government to introduce driverless vehicles on Singapore roads. Many issues in SINGAPORE UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (SUSS) Page 4 of 11 COR160 Tutor-Marked Assignment relation to the implementation of such vehicles have been debated in the discussions. The two articles provided below reflect some of the sentiments regarding this issue. In about 750 words, write a synthesis essay on the factors that must be taken into consideration in implementing driverless vehicles on Singapore roads. You must formulate a thesis about this issue and provide evidence that will support your thesis. The thesis for this TMA01 is a viewpoint that does not have to be persuasive – that is, it is the conclusion you arrive at based on summarising and synthesising the information you researched on this topic. Relevant information for you to gather would be:  Issues (safety or ethical or legal or economic or etc.) surrounding driverless vehicles  Evidence for driverless vehicles  Evidence against driverless vehicles  Improvements to existing efforts to introduce driverless vehicles (100 marks) Guidance Notes 1. Use process writing to develop a rhetorical structure for your essay. 2. Strengthen your thesis with relevant examples and illustrations. 3. You may include any additional but relevant information to the ideas that have already been given in the scenario and articles. 4. You should use at least 5 research sources to help you write your essay. The given articles are considered as a separate research source each and can count towards the 5 research sources. Synthesise information from these various sources in your writing. 5. You are to use credible and reliable sources to help you write this essay. Evaluate information critically from various sources in your response. Marks will be deducted for non-credible and unreliable content. 6. Remember to use accurate grammar, correct sentence structures and a tone appropriate to academic writing. Cite sources in your writing using the proper citation and referencing style. Marks will be deducted for poor English. SINGAPORE UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (SUSS) Page 5 of 11 COR160 Tutor-Marked Assignment Article 1: Driverless cars picking up speed in Singapore LAST UPDATED 03 NOVEMBER 2017 Challenges remain, but Singapore is pushing ahead with efforts to be a leading player in autonomous transport. By Annabelle Liang Last August, tech start-up nuTonomy became the world’s first company to offer inviteonly driverless taxi rides here in Singapore. The MIT spin-off company followed this landmark achievement a month later by announcing a partnership with ride-hailing company Grab that aims to make driverless rides available to the wider public. Driverless vehicles operated by nuTonomy have been travelling around a designated circuit within the one-north district since 2015, as part of an autonomous vehicle (AV) trial. The circuit has almost doubled in length to some 12km since the start of the trial. The high-profile initiative is just one of Singapore’s many efforts to use artificial intelligence (AI) in the transport sector. Essential Academic Writing Skills (Driverless Vehicles: A Vision for Singapore Transport​). Last year, the Government unveiled plans to introduce such technology to mass transport services for intra- and inter-town travel, on-demand shuttle services, freight transport, and utility operations such as road sweeping. This rising buzz of activity reflects Singapore’s efforts to become one of the leading players in a global shift towards autonomous transport. Benefits for society Novelty aside, the emergence of autonomous vehicles will result in a host of benefits for the country, beyond just the financial. These range from greater fuel efficiency and reduced road congestion to helping relieve demands on labour and land. “Autonomous vehicles are fast on its[sic] way to becoming a reality on our roads…They can enhance the efficiency and convenience of our land transportation system. Thus, it is SINGAPORE UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (SUSS) Page 6 of 11 COR160 Tutor-Marked Assignment important that we do not impede their growth as some cities have done,” said Singapore’s Second Minister for Transport Ng Chee Meng in Parliament in February this year. More significantly, experts believe that AV could also save lives by reducing the number of accidents on the road. A study by US-based non-profit Eno Centre for Transportation showed that if 90 per cent of the cars on American roads were driverless, the number of accidents would fall from 5.5 million to 1.3 million a year, and road deaths from 32,400 to 11,300. As driverless vehicles are designed to optimise efficiency, they would also boost fuel efficiency and, as a result, reduce carbon emissions. Essential Academic Writing Skills (Driverless Vehicles: A Vision for Singapore Transport​). A study by consultants McKinsey estimated that the adoption of autonomous cars could reduce CO2 emissions by as much as 300 million tons per year. Meanwhile, the elderly and disabled persons, such as the blind[,] may finally have a chance to “drive” independently with an autonomous vehicle, improving their quality of life significantly. A tricky road ahead? Despite the enormous potential of autonomous transport, there are still issues to be sorted out. On the ethical front, some have questioned who would be liable in an accident involving a vehicle with no driver. And while regulations around the world have focused on physical safety, far less has been said on the issues of privacy and cybersecurity. Autonomous vehicles require constant real-time communications between their users and the environment around them. The data collected in this process can include personal details such as location and driving habits that are valuable to marketers. Even now, certain cars feature advanced sensors that can determine if a child is on board. Such data can be used by retailers to push kid-friendly offers to the parents who are in the vicinity, for instance. Meanwhile, research has shown that vehicle controls are potentially vulnerable to hacks if there are inadequate security measures in place. “We are a long way from securing the non-autonomous vehicles, let alone the autonomous SINGAPORE UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (SUSS) Page 7 of 11 COR160 Tutor-Marked Assignment ones,” said Stefan Savage, computer science professor at the University of California-San Diego, in MIT Technology Review last year. A Global Race Singapore is jostling with other countries to take the lead in the AV space, with at least 25 companies in the race. Google has been running trials in Texas and California, even as fellow tech giant Uber acquired self-driving trucking company Otto in August. Closer to home, Japanese car maker Nissan has been testing a prototype AV since 2013, while the Korean government granted a temporary license plate to its first driverless car, a Hyundai Genesis, in March 2016. Despite the progress, Minister Ng reckons that it could take 10 to 15 years for the technology to be widely deployed here Essential Academic Writing Skills (Driverless Vehicles: A Vision for Singapore Transport​). “As AV technology is not yet mature, during trials, accidents are not to be unexpected. LTA will, therefore, put in place a robust regulatory framework to minimise the possibility of accidents,” he said at a press conference in February this year, according to Channel NewsAsia. Progressively, he added, the government will put in place programmes to help Singaporeans who drive for a living, acquire new skills, and take on higher value-added jobs in an AV world. Source Link: https://www.imda.gov.sg/infocomm-and-media-news/whatstrending/2017/2/driverless-cars-picking-up-speed-in-singapore SINGAPORE UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (SUSS) Page 8 of 11 COR160 Tutor-Marked Assignment Article 2: Can driverless cars survive Singaporean road users? Jeremy Au Yong Deputy News Editor PUBLISHED NOV 26, 2017, 5:00 AM SGT Human drivers cutting into their lane may be the least of multiple hazards faced by such AI cars As the country careens towards the reality of driverless cars on the roads, it is time we discuss an important ethics question that has been ignored for too long: Will robot drivers survive contact with Singaporean road users? This past week, the Government unveiled plans for robot buses to operate in three towns by 2022. That means, in just about four years, we are going to have cold, calculating robot drivers sharing our roads with human Singaporeans. The mere thought of it gives me grave concern Essential Academic Writing Skills (Driverless Vehicles: A Vision for Singapore Transport​)… for the robots. Now I know some people might think that I’m some kind of weird robot lover who has things the wrong way around. “Shouldn’t you be more worried about robots on our roads with the potential to kill us,” you are no doubt saying. And indeed, if one were to Google ‘driverless vehicles,’ one would find many articles where the primary concern is how these machines are going to deal with ethical problems. One famous example frequently brought up involves a modern-day version of the thought experiment known as the trolley problem. Imagine one day you are in a driverless vehicle going along your merry way when the brakes suddenly malfunction. You and the car are now heading straight for a group of school children crossing the street. The car could swerve to miss them but it would then plunge off a cliff, invariably killing you. The scenario throws up numerous difficult questions. How should the car solve this problem? Would it be able to make the same moral calculations that a human can? And could we ever be satisfied with either solution given that a machine has made a decision SINGAPORE UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (SUSS) Page 9 of 11 COR160 Tutor-Marked Assignment about who should live and who should die? These are important philosophical problems that I’m sure will ultimately require several billions dollars [in] legal fees to resolve. But I find myself not entirely absorbed by them. For one thing, I believe instances where a machine would have to make this kind of decision will be incredibly rare – so much so that I think the number of lives lost in this manner would be infinitesimal compared to the number of lives saved by drivers that never get drunk, never fall asleep, always stick to their lanes, always observe the speed limit, do not check WhatsApp messages while driving and would never decide it’s a good idea to eat durians in the car while chucking the husk and seed out of the window (true story). However, I believe we may never get to the point where driverless cars can have this sort of positive impact if they are allowed to operate under real-world, everyday Singaporean road conditions. We have to go from zero to 100 per cent driverless vehicles at once or I fear the project will be snuffed out before it has had a chance to work. Why do I say that? I mean, ask any driver/pedestrian/cyclist and they’ll tell you: Road users here can be real %!#@$. Mix robot drivers with humans and there will be only two possible outcomes: 1) Passengers in driverless cars take forever to get anywhere. 2) Driverless cars become some of the most competitive, hyper-aggressive robots known to man – possibly heralding the dawn of the robot apocalypse. Let’s start with the first possibility. Given my understanding of how driverless cars are programmed, they will be the most polite, rule-observing, obliging cars on the road. The rest of human road users would thus instantly detect this weakness and exploit it. A passenger hoping to ride a driverless car to work during rush hour would find his ride being constantly cut off by human drivers who fail to signal. The driverless vehicle will end up immobilised in the middle of the PIE, unable to move forward because its human cousins are always cutting into its lane. And it can’t change lanes because human drivers consider giving way the equivalent of getting an involuntary lobotomy. Essential Academic Writing Skills (Driverless Vehicles: A Vision for Singapore Transport​). Going driverless: The future of Singapore’s transport system And these are just your more run-of-the-mill Singaporean road users. God knows how the driverless car will deal with that guy who reverses into you and then accuses you of driving into him; or that guy who does not understand the concept of a yellow box and insists on stopping in it even if it means blocking traffic. SINGAPORE UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (SUSS) Page 10 of 11 COR160 Tutor-Marked Assignment What about that guy who rides an e-scooter on the expressway believing it’s a motorbike; or that guy who rides his $10,000 racing bicycle in the middle of the road because he believes that his legs can propel him at the same speed as a two-litre turbo engine. Then there is that pedestrian who leaps on the car hood feigning injury in the hopes of getting some kind of payout; that guy who plays the braking game; and whatever other genius way of using the road somebody will eventually come up with. I am sure any driverless car will malfunction within minutes of exposure to real Singapore road conditions. Of course, they don’t have to be programmed this way. They are, after all, artificially intelligent machines that can learn and adapt over time. That’s where I fear the second scenario – one where driverless cars essentially learn how to drive on Singapore roads. These robots will then be able to anticipate, counteract and beat road users at their own game. The Singaporean driverless car, would become – in essence – an uber kiasu driver (as opposed to a kiasu Uber driver). Imagine having to confront an army of focused, tireless, unrelenting Singaporean drivers. There will be only one way to stop them: ERP. —– END OF COR160 TMA01 —– SINGAPORE UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (SUSS) Page 11 of 11 Essential Academic Writing Skills (Driverless Vehicles: A Vision for Singapore Transport​)

NUR-647 Cognitive Developmental Patterns and Individual Learning Styles

As faculty members, you have been asked to design a 4-hour Leadership Strategies course that would accommodate the learning styles for a selected 10 students. The students have all completed a learning style inventory in which three of the students are determined visual learners, four are kinesthetic learners, and the rest are auditory learners. NUR-647 Cognitive Developmental Patterns and Individual Learning Styles Note: The intended audience for the course can be either newly graduated nurses or experienced staff nurses as you choose.

Compose a 1,000-1,250-word paper which describes your plan to accommodate the learning styles of each student. This plan starts with defining course objectives; use the “A-B-C-D Method of Writing Objectives” resource as a guide. The objectives should incorporate Bloom’s taxonomy, be written at the appropriate level for the audience, and include at least two learning domains (cognitive, psychomotor, and affective). Make sure to include the following:

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An outline of the course content and agenda that will be covered.

Descriptions of the learning activities and the rationale for the learning activities selected

Strategies to assess learning, based on the learner objectives

Use at least three scholarly, peer-reviewed resources less than 5 years old in addition to the course materials. NUR-647 Cognitive Developmental Patterns and Individual Learning Styles.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is required.

Refer to “Learning Styles Rubric,” prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

Learning Styles Rubric

NUR-647 Cognitive Developmental Patterns and Individual Learning Styles

Criteria

% Value

No Submission

1: Unsatisfactory0-75%

2: Less Than Satisfactory76-80%

3: Satisfactory81-88%

4: Good89-92%

5: Excellent93-100%

% Scaling

0%

75%

80%

88%

92%

100%

Content – 75% NUR-647 Cognitive Developmental Patterns and Individual Learning Styles

Designed a 4 hour class that would accommodate the learning style of each of the students

15%

None

Barely designs a 4 hour class that does not accommodate the learning style of each student.

Minimally designs a 4 hour class that would accommodate the learning style of each student.

Designs a 4 hour class but does not clearly accommodate the learning style of each student.

Clearly designs a 4 hour class but does not clearly accommodate the learning style of each student.

Clearly designs a 4 hour class that would clearly accommodate the learning style of each student.

Composed the learner objectives for the course

15%

None

Incorrectly composes the learner objectives for the class design. Uses Blooms taxonomy and the A, B, C, D format for objectives with many errors.

Minimally composes the learner objectives for the class design. Uses Blooms taxonomy and the A, B, C, D format for objectives with some errors.

Composes the learner objectives for the class design. Uses Blooms taxonomy and the A, B, C, D format for objectives with few errors.

Clearly composes the learner objectives for the class design. Uses Blooms taxonomy appropriately and the A, B, C, D format for objectives, but not expertly.

Clearly composes the learner objectives for the class design. Expertly uses Blooms taxonomy appropriately and the A, B, C, D format for objectives.

Outline the class content and agenda

10%

None

Barely outlines the class content and agenda – substantially unorganized.

Minimally outlines the class content and agenda – somewhat unorganized.

Outlines the class content and agenda, but neither is clear.

Clearly outlines the class content or agenda, but not both.

Clearly outlines the class content and agenda.

Describe the learning activities and the rationale for the learning activities selected for the group of students

15%

None

NUR-647 Cognitive Developmental Patterns and Individual Learning Styles

Barely describes the learning activities and explains the rationale for the learning activities you have selected for your group of students.

Minimally describes the learning activities and explains the rationale for the learning activities you have selected for your group of students.

Describes the learning activities and explains the rationale for the learning activities you have selected for your group of students.

Clearly describes the learning activities and explains the rationale for the learning activities you have selected for your group of students. Description is not always comprehensive.

Clearly and comprehensively describes the learning activities and explains the rationale for the learning activities you have selected for your group of students.

Describe the strategies to assess learning based on the learner objectives

15%

None

Barely describes the strategies to assess learning based on the learner objectives. There is no logical connection between the assessment strategies and the learner objectives.

Minimally describes the strategies to assess learning based on the learner objectives. There is little logical connection between the assessment strategies and the learner objectives.

Describes the strategies to assess learning based on the learner objectives. There is a logical connection between the assessment strategies and the learner objectives.

Clearly describes the strategies to assess learning based on the learner objectives. Description is not always comprehensive.  There is a logical connection between the assessment strategies and the learner objectives, although the connection is not evident without description.

Clearly and comprehensively describes the strategies to assess learning based on the learner objective. There is a clearly evident logical connection between the assessment strategies and the learner objectives.

Scholarly references Utilizes at least 3 scholarly, peer-reviewed resources less than 5 years old other in addition to course materials

3%

None

Selected literature is irrelevant and insufficient. Does not meet stated criteria. Does not use evidence-based sources when available. Uses only course materials.

Weak selection of sufficient and relevant literature (less than 5 years old) no scholarly, peer-reviewed references used – other than course materials) Uses only course materials.

Fair selection of sufficient and relevant literature (less than 5 years old) at least 1 scholarly, peer-reviewed references used – other than course materials) Does not use evidence-based sources when available.

Partial selection of sufficient and relevant literature (less than 5 years old) at least 2 scholarly, peer-reviewed references used – other than course materials) Uses evidence-based sources when available.

Excellent selection of sufficient and relevant literature (less than 5 years old) at least 3 scholarly, peer-reviewed references used – other than course materials) Uses evidence-based sources when available.

Length

2%

None

Unacceptable adherence to assignment length criteria (less than or more than 50 percent of stated criteria).

Poor adherence to assignment length criteria (within 50 percent of stated criteria).

Weak adherence to assignment length criteria (within 25 percent of stated criteria)
.

Adequate adherence to assignment length criteria (within 10 percent of stated criteria).

Excellent adherence to assignment length criteria (within stated criteria).

Organization and Effectiveness – 20%

Thesis Development and Purpose

8%

None

Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim.

The main thesis claims are insufficiently developed and/or vague; purpose is not clear.

The main thesis claims are apparent and appropriate to purpose.

The main thesis claims are clear and forecast the development of the paper.  It is descriptive, reflective of the arguments, and appropriate to the purpose.

The main thesis claims are comprehensive; contained within the thesis is the essence of the paper.  Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.

Paragraph Development and Transitions

7%

None

Paragraphs and transitions consistently lack unity and coherence.  No apparent connections between paragraphs are established. Transitions are inappropriate to purpose and scope.  Organization is disjointed.

Some paragraphs and transitions may lack logical progression of ideas, unity, coherence, and/or cohesiveness.  Some degree of organization is evident.

Paragraphs are generally competent, but ideas may show some inconsistency in organization and/or in their relationships to each other.

A logical progression of ideas between paragraphs is apparent.  Paragraphs exhibit a unity, coherence, and cohesiveness.  Topic sentences and concluding remarks are appropriate to purpose.

There is a sophisticated construction of paragraphs and transitions.  Ideas progress and relate to each other.  Paragraph and transition construction guide the reader.  Paragraph structure is seamless.

Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)

5%

None

Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice and sentence construction are used.

Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register), sentence structure, and word choice are present.

Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used.

Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used.

Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.

Format – 5% NUR-647 Cognitive Developmental Patterns and Individual Learning Styles

APA Format

4%

None

Correct APA format is not evident in the paper.

Correct APA format is infrequently used in the paper: cover page, margins, double-spacing, font size, and all other elements of APA.

Correct APA format is inconsistently used in the paper: cover page, margins, double-spacing, and all other elements of APA.

Correct APA format is mostly used in the paper: cover page, margins, double-spacing, font size, and all other elements of APA.

Correct APA format is consistently used in the paper: cover page, margins, double-spacing, font size, and all other elements of APA. Such as headings and pagination.

Research Citations         (In-text citations for paraphrasing and direct quotes, and reference page listing and formatting, as appropriate to assignment)

1%

None

No reference page is included. No citations are used.

Reference page is present. Citations are inconsistently used.

Reference page is included and lists sources used in the paper. Sources are appropriately documented, although some errors may be present.

Reference page is present and fully inclusive of all cited sources. Documentation is appropriate and GCU style is usually correct.

In-text citations and a reference page are complete. The documentation of cited sources is free of error.

NUR-647 Cognitive Developmental Patterns and Individual Learning Styles

Strategic Human Resource Management Presentation

Review
 the strategic plan of your organization’s HR department.

Research 
professional Microsoft
®
 PowerPoint
®
 presentation design.

Create
 a professional 12- to 15-slide Microsoft
®
 PowerPoint
®
 presentation to present to your Chief Nursing Officer that details your research. Address the following areas in your presentation, including why each is important:

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Nurse retention rates for your organization

Various educational levels of nurses and a chart of your findings

Analysis of the employee satisfaction survey results and areas for improvement

What human resource management is

Plans to recruit specialty nurses

Why proactive action is important in the areas identified

Recommended interventions

Strategic Human Resource Management Presentation

Research
 at least 4 peer-reviewed journal articles less than 5 years old to support your assignment.

Include
 detailed speaker notes, and a slide with APA-formatted references.

Click
 the Assignment Files tab to submit your Strategic Human Resource Management Presentation assignment.

Grading Criteria: Strategic Human Resource Management Presentation

Content: 
9 points possible

Points possible

Points earned

Student accurately presents retention rates of nurses.

9

Student identified the different educational levels of the nurses.

Student analyses statistical satisfaction results and provide and listed areas for improvement.

Student describes organizations recruitment plans for specialty nurses.

Student provides at least two additional recommended evidence-based strategies to meet the human resource management goals of the organization.

Student used at least 4 peer-reviewed journal articles less than 5 years old.

Student provides detailed speaker notes.

Format: 
3 points possible

Points possible

Points earned

The presentation–including table and graphs, headings, title slide, and reference slide–is according to APA formatting guidelines and meets course-level requirements.

3

Presentation is 12 to 15 Strategic Human Resource Management Presentation slides.

Presentation is professional and has a scholarly tone.

Intellectual property is recognized with in-text citations and a reference page.

Presentation is organized and flows well; including an introduction and conclusion.

Follows the professional Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation design.

Rules of grammar, usage, and punctuation are followed; spelling is correct.

Total

12

Comments:

Quantitative research that has health care implications

Provide an example of a societal trend that will likely impact nursing education and patient education in the future. Provide a multidisciplinary strategy that would maximize the positive impact the trend will have. There are numerous examples that are available; therefore, it is not appropriate to repeat one that has already been provided, unless approved by the instructor. When responding to a post, provide feedback on the strategy suggested and add an additional strategy that may be effective as well. Quantitative research that has health care implications. The Future of Nursing Education and Patient Education

NUR 649E Week 7:

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Question 1=

Read “Thirty-Two Trends Affecting Distance Education: An Informed Foundation for Strategic Planning,” located on the Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration website at 
http://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/fall63/howell63.html
. Select one of the trends and explain how you think it will impact nursing education. This article was written in 2003. Is there a need to update the trend to make the article relevant for today? How? Quantitative research that has health care implications.