NRS-433V: Introduction to Nursing Research
Course Description
This writing intensive course promotes the use of research findings as a basis for improving clinical practice. Quantitative and qualitative research methodologies are presented. Emphasis is on the critical review of research studies and their applications to clinical practice. An overview of evidence-based practice is provided. Prerequisite: HLT-362V. NRS-433V: Introduction to Nursing Research
Prophylactic Hysterectomy Essay assignment papers
This discussion assignment provides a forum for discussing relevant topics for this week based on the course competencies covered. For this assignment, make sure you post your initial response to the
Discussion Area
by
the due date assigned
.
To support your work, use your course textbook readings and the South University Online Library. As in all assignments, cite your sources in your work and provide references for the citations in APA format.
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Start reviewing and responding to the postings of your classmates as early in the week as possible. Respond to at least two of your classmates’ initial postings. Participate in the discussion by asking a question, providing a statement of clarification, providing a point of view with a rationale, challenging an aspect of the discussion, or indicating a relationship between two or more lines of reasoning in the discussion. Cite resources in your responses to other classmates. Complete your participation for this assignment by the end of the week.
For this assignment, you will review and reflect on the Prophylactic Hysterectomy article. This article can be applied to healthcare providers in the primary care and specialty settings. Discussion of the article is based on the course objectives and weekly content, which emphasize the core learning objectives for an evidence-based primary care curriculum. Throughout your nurse practitioner program, discussions are used to promote the development of clinical reasoning through the use of ongoing assessments and diagnostic skills, and to develop patient care plans that are grounded in the latest clinical guidelines and evidence-based practice. Prophylactic Hysterectomy Essay assignment papers.
Discuss any “take-away” thoughts from the article.
What are the ethical dilemmas to consider with prophylactic surgeries?
Discuss the screenings/interventions/options/education that you would provide to a patient that has a strong family history of ovarian cancer. What if the patient has no health insurance? What resources could you offer to assist the patient?
Prophylactic Hysterectomy
Womens_Prophylactic_Hysterectomy
Prophylactic Hysterectomy Essay assignment papers
HLT-362V: Applied Statistics for Health Care Professionals
Course Description
This introductory course on statistical concepts emphasizes applications to health care professions. The course is designed to prepare students to interpret and evaluate statistics and statistical methods used in published research papers and to make decisions about the appropriateness of specific statistical methods in a variety of settings. Areas of emphasis include introduction to analysis of variance, regression, and graphical presentation; experimental design; descriptive statistics; sampling methods; and z, t, and chi-square. HLT-362V: Applied Statistics for Health Care Professionals
Infections
What are the potential consequences of being a healthcare worker who is unresponsive to the hepatitis B vaccine?
For an HIV vaccine to be effective, it almost certainly will have to be a live attenuated virus. What is a major concern related to the use of this type of vaccine for HIV?
If an individual is immunocompromised, what might be the risk of giving a live attenuated virus vaccine (e.g., rubella)?
New and more effective antimicrobials are developed every year. Many of these are effective in treating common ailments such as bronchitis and sinusitis, as well as more serious systemic infections. What are some potential consequences of the development of new antimicrobials?
Why do you think that the United States and other nations have not yet distributed a vaccine to prevent the spread of avian flu? Are there any other factors you can think of that have contributed to this rise? Infections
NRS-434VN: Health Assessment
Course Description
This course focuses on methods of health history taking, physical examination skills, documentation, and health screening. The course emphasizes the individual as the client, functional health patterns, community resources, and the teaching learning process. NRS-434VN: Health Assessment
HE 391 Stress Management Literature Review Paper Template – Stress Management For Life
HE 391 Stress Management Literature Review Paper Template
Introduction:
About the problem, what is the specific issue you are examining.
Why is it of concern to individual and/or society.
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Literature Review:
Review what others (authors, researchers, practitioners) have to say about this issue, include
at least three peer reviewed journal
articles from academic sources
. Websites are an adjunct source.
Findings and Discussion:
What were the findings from literature as to what others have discovered and then discuss why we may need to be concerned about this issue for individuals and society as it relates to stress influence and health.
Summary and Conclusion:
To summarize and bring focus to what you have found in the literature
and offer any insights as well as an informed opinion on the topic.
References:
Formal American Psychologists Association (APA style) formatting. The following audio tutorial website is the official APA resource –
http://www.apastyle.org/learn/tutorials/basics-tutorial.aspx
HE 391 Stress Management Literature Review Paper Template – Stress Management For Life
Literature Review
–
Due – February
22nd
Complete a literature review of topic related to stress and health. Identify any suggested strategies for managing those stressors discussed in the professional literature. Prepare a 3-4 page typed summary of your literature review findings including a reference page. Include a
minimum of three
references taken from
peer reviewed
journal articles or book chapters from professional sources. Format should be 12-point font, double-spaced,
APA reference style
. The following link leads to an APA style PPT tutorial. (
http://www.apastyle.org/learn/tutorials/basics-tutorial.aspx
)
HE 391 Stress Management Literature Review Paper Template – Stress Management For Life
Stress Management for Life
Stress Management For Life
Chapter 1
Stress in Today’s World
Stress in Today’s World
Best of Times
opportunities
freedom of choice
vast array of information
Stress: What Is It?
“A scientific concept which is too well known and too little understood.” Hans
Selye
a demand made on the adaptive capacities of the mind and body
Relationship Between Stress,
Health and Performance
Yerkes-Dodson Principle
to a certain point, stress is healthy, useful and beneficial
when stress exceeds ability to cope diminished performance, inefficiency and/or health problems may result
Terminology of Stress
stressor – any event perceived as a threat that causes adaptation or the initiation of a stress response
eustress – positive, desirable stress that motivates and inspires
distress – negative effects of stress that drains energy
acute stress – short term, sudden, intense, disappears quickly
episodic acute stress – repeated bouts of acute stress, extended over arousal
chronic stress – long term stress, unrelenting demands and pressures, last an interminable time
Holistic Health
“Modern man is sick because he is not whole”
Carl Gustav Jung
Health is more than the absence of disease and is more than just physical.
Holistic health encompasses physical, intellectual, spiritual, social and emotional dimensions.
The holistically healthy person is complete and balanced.
Dimensions Of Health
Holistic Health: Putting It All Together
Sources of Stress
HE 391 Stress Management Literature Review Paper Template – Stress Management For Life
Issues in Pharmacology: A Nursing Perspective
In a professional nursing practice, you will often have patients whose personal or cultural views on medications may be quite different from your own.
For this assignment, assume that one of the issues below has become a hot topic in your health care organization or community. You have been asked by leadership to prepare a PowerPoint presentation to your nursing colleagues in an effort to raise awareness of the topic. Please view the “Guidelines for Effective PowerPoint Presentations,” linked in Resources, as well.
Topic Choices:
•The use of medical marijuana.
•The use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) versus traditional pharmacology.
•Experimental drug programs and disease management.
•Mandated vaccinations and the implications for parental choice not to vaccinate.
Instructions To prepare your presentation, research current, peer-reviewed journals for articles that present at least two perspectives on the topic.
Your PowerPoint presentation should include the following:
•Discuss the significance of the topic to your nursing practice and to patient safety.
◦What are the common types of diseases and health issues that are impacted by this topic?
◦What type of patient is typically impacted by this issue?
◦What nursing departments or internal departments are impacted by this issue?
•Present a balanced overview of the issue, including pros and cons, supported by peer-reviewed journal articles.
The focus of this overview might vary depending on the issue but be mindful of the following:
◦Community impact.
◦Patient outcomes.
◦Ethical considerations.
◦Health care organization impact.
•Describe how a patient’s cultural beliefs can impact the issue.
Additional Requirements
•Length of PowerPoint: 10–12 slides, not including the title slide and reference slide
•References: Use the “presenter notes” section of the PowerPoint to include the references that support your evidence as well as detailed information you would include if presenting this information to an audience.
The last slide of the PowerPoint should include a list of the references.
•Formatting: Follow proper APA style and formatting. Issues in Pharmacology: A Nursing Perspective.
Pedometers and GPS technology and personal health and exercise
discuss various methods with which technology can assist personal health and exercise, including pedometers and GPS technology. There are also a wide variety of cell phone health apps that can assist in tracking distance run, heart rate, and caloric intake, among other health measures. Conduct your own research to identify a health app available on cell phones.
Describe the purpose of the app. What benefits does it bring to the user? What are some potential disadvantages or risks of using this app. Pedometers and GPS technology and personal health and exercise
Theoretical Frameworks in Research
A theory is the theoretic part of a research that allows scholars to investigate a given phenomenon. Other terms for theory include theoretical framework, model, or conceptual background. Specifically, formulating a theory involves coming up with a set of interrelated variables of concepts and their definitions before forming a suitable hypothesis to determine the relationship between the constructs (Connelly, 2014). In the two articles,
“Use of Theoretical Frameworks in Research”
by Lynne Connelly and “
The use of Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks in Qualitative Research”
by Helen Green all hope to explicate the role of theoretical background on the quality of research.
According to Connelly, a theoretical framework or conceptual model is a less developed or less formal than an official theory. The purpose of such a framework is to guide exploratory work in the process of collecting theoretical ideas for research. Notably, this model is structured more narrowly than a theory and barely links different concepts. For example, in research seeking to explain how nurses make decisions in emergency situations, a conceptual framework may often elucidate the different decision-making approaches but will not go as far as explaining the effectiveness of each model, as opposed to a full theory (Connelly, 2014). In her paper, Green echoes the sentiments postulated by Connelly that conceptual frameworks are primarily used to provide a direction in the research process, which is obscure and highly dependent on the nature and amount of available research. Theoretical Frameworks in Research.
Armed with this vital information, I am in the process of collecting information for my proposed study. Primarily, a literature review is top of my agenda in when collecting information to create my conceptual framework. By conducting a thorough review of the available literature on the topic, I wish to accomplish several things. First, I will get an insight into the most appropriate research models and the theories that have proven useful in this field of study. Notably, it is only through literature research that a scholar can identify different relationships between concepts (Green 2014). This relationship is vital in the conceptual framework since it aids in the exploratory works that in turn expands the scope of theoretical ideas. Moreover, from the review I hope to gain an impression about the topic as a whole, identifying all the major areas addressed by the other researcher and also identifying and verifying their sources of data. Moreover, this step of the research process enables the scholar to identify areas for further research while avoiding the pitfalls identified in previous works. In my case, I found out that most of the other writers have cited the systems model as a common theme in their work. Theoretical Frameworks in Research.
The system model is fundamentally a theory by Betty Neuman that seeks to explain a person’s relationship to stress by exploring their response to potential and actual environmental stressors. What is more, the Neuman theory also proposes prevention interventions that nurses should adopt to maintain optimal wellness for their clients. The theory stresses on the nurse’s role in ensuring the highest level of wellness for their clients regardless of the available environmental stressors. Using a conceptual map on figure 1, I will attempt to outline my concepts and the relational statements. Theoretical Frameworks in Research
The “literature” of a literature review refers to any collection of materials on a topic, not necessarily the great literary texts of the world. “Literature” could be anything from a set of government pamphlets on British colonial methods in Africa to scholarly articles on the treatment of a torn ACL. And a review does not necessarily mean that your reader wants you to give your personal opinion on whether or not you liked these sources.
Nursing literature review
A literature review discusses published information in a particular subject area, and sometimes information in a particular subject area within a certain time period.
A literature review can be just a simple summary of the sources, but it usually has an organizational pattern and combines both summary and synthesis. A summary is a recap of the important information of the source, but a synthesis is a re-organization, or a reshuffling, of that information. It might give a new interpretation of old material or combine new with old interpretations. Or it might trace the intellectual progression of the field, including major debates. And depending on the situation, the literature review may evaluate the sources and advise the reader on the most pertinent or relevant.
How nursing literature review differs from academic research paper
The main focus of an academic research paper is to develop a new argument, and a research paper is likely to contain a literature review as one of its parts. In a research paper, you use the literature as a foundation and as support for a new insight that you contribute. The focus of a literature review, however, is to summarize and synthesize the arguments and ideas of others without adding new contributions.
Why we write literature reviews
Literature reviews provide you with a handy guide to a particular topic. If you have limited time to conduct research, literature reviews can give you an overview or act as a stepping stone. For professionals, they are useful reports that keep them up to date with what is current in the field. For scholars, the depth and breadth of the literature review emphasizes the credibility of the writer in his or her field. Literature reviews also provide a solid background for a research paper’s investigation. Comprehensive knowledge of the literature of the field is essential to most research papers.
Who writes Literature reviews?
Literature reviews are written occasionally in the humanities, but mostly in the sciences and social sciences; in experiment and lab reports, they constitute a section of the paper. Sometimes a literature review is written as a paper in itself.
First Step before Writing Nursing Literature Review
Clarify
If your assignment is not very specific, seek clarification from your instructor:
Roughly how many sources should you include?
What types of sources (books, journal articles, websites)?
Should you summarize, synthesize, or critique your sources by discussing a common theme or issue?
Should you evaluate your sources?
Should you provide subheadings and other background information, such as definitions and/or a history?
Find models
Look for other literature reviews in your area of interest or in the discipline and read them to get a sense of the types of themes you might want to look for in your own research or ways to organize your final review. You can simply put the word “review” in your search engine along with your other topic terms to find articles of this type on the Internet or in an electronic database. The bibliography or reference section of sources you’ve already read are also excellent entry points into your own research.
Narrow your topic
There are hundreds or even thousands of articles and books on most areas of study. The narrower your topic, the easier it will be to limit the number of sources you need to read in order to get a good survey of the material. Your instructor will probably not expect you to read everything that’s out there on the topic, but you’ll make your job easier if you first limit your scope.
And don’t forget to tap into your professor’s (or other professors’) knowledge in the field. Ask your professor questions such as: “If you had to read only one book from the 90’s on topic X, what would it be?” Questions such as this help you to find and determine quickly the most seminal pieces in the field.
Consider whether your sources are current
Some disciplines require that you use information that is as current as possible. In the sciences, for instance, treatments for medical problems are constantly changing according to the latest studies. Information even two years old could be obsolete. However, if you are writing a review in the humanities, history, or social sciences, a survey of the history of the literature may be what is needed, because what is important is how perspectives have changed through the years or within a certain time period. Try sorting through some other current bibliographies or literature reviews in the field to get a sense of what your discipline expects. You can also use this method to consider what is currently of interest to scholars in this field and what is not.
Strategies for writing the literature review
Find a focus
A literature review, like a term paper, is usually organized around ideas, not the sources themselves as an annotated bibliography would be organized. This means that you will not just simply list your sources and go into detail about each one of them, one at a time. No. As you read widely but selectively in your topic area, consider instead what themes or issues connect your sources together. Do they present one or different solutions? Is there an aspect of the field that is missing? How well do they present the material and do they portray it according to an appropriate theory? Do they reveal a trend in the field? A raging debate? Pick one of these themes to focus the organization of your review.
Convey it to your reader
A literature review may not have a traditional thesis statement (one that makes an argument), but you do need to tell readers what to expect. Try writing a simple statement that lets the reader know what is your main organizing principle. Here are a couple of examples:
The current trend in treatment for congestive heart failure combines surgery and medicine.
More and more cultural studies scholars are accepting popular media as a subject worthy of academic consideration.
Consider organization
You’ve got a focus, and you’ve stated it clearly and directly. Now what is the most effective way of presenting the information? What are the most important topics, subtopics, etc., that your review needs to include? And in what order should you present them? Develop an organization for your review at both a global and local level:
First, cover the basic categories
Just like most academic papers, literature reviews also must contain at least three basic elements: an introduction or background information section; the body of the review containing the discussion of sources; and, finally, a conclusion and/or recommendations section to end the paper.
The following provides a brief description of the content of each:
Introduction:
Gives a quick idea of the topic of the literature review, such as the central theme or organizational pattern.
Body:
Contains your discussion of sources and is organized either chronologically, thematically, or methodologically (see below for more information on each).
Conclusions/Recommendations:
Discuss what you have drawn from reviewing literature so far. Where might the discussion proceed?
Organizing the body
Once you have the basic categories in place, then you must consider how you will present the sources themselves within the body of your paper. Create an organizational method to focus this section even further.
To help you come up with an overall organizational framework for your review, consider the following scenario:
You’ve decided to focus your literature review on materials dealing with sperm whales. This is because you’ve just finished reading Moby Dick, and you wonder if that whale’s portrayal is really real. You start with some articles about the physiology of sperm whales in biology journals written in the 1980’s. But these articles refer to some British biological studies performed on whales in the early 18th century. So you check those out. Then you look up a book written in 1968 with information on how sperm whales have been portrayed in other forms of art, such as in Alaskan poetry, in French painting, or on whale bone, as the whale hunters in the late 19th century used to do. This makes you wonder about American whaling methods during the time portrayed in Moby Dick, so you find some academic articles published in the last five years on how accurately Herman Melville portrayed the whaling scene in his novel.
Now consider some typical ways of organizing the sources into a review:
Chronological:
If your review follows the chronological method, you could write about the materials above according to when they were published. For instance, first you would talk about the British biological studies of the 18th century, then about Moby Dick, published in 1851, then the book on sperm whales in other art (1968), and finally the biology articles (1980s) and the recent articles on American whaling of the 19th century. But there is relatively no continuity among subjects here. And notice that even though the sources on sperm whales in other art and on American whaling are written recently, they are about other subjects/objects that were created much earlier. Thus, the review loses its chronological focus.
By publication:
Order your sources by publication chronology, then, only if the order demonstrates a more important trend. For instance, you could order a review of literature on biological studies of sperm whales if the progression revealed a change in dissection practices of the researchers who wrote and/or conducted the studies.
By trend:
A better way to organize the above sources chronologically is to examine the sources under another trend, such as the history of whaling. Then your review would have subsections according to eras within this period. For instance, the review might examine whaling from pre-1600-1699, 1700-1799, and 1800-1899. Under this method, you would combine the recent studies on American whaling in the 19th century with Moby Dick itself in the 1800-1899 category, even though the authors wrote a century apart.
Thematic:
Thematic reviews of literature are organized around a topic or issue, rather than the progression of time. However, progression of time may still be an important factor in a thematic review. For instance, the sperm whale review could focus on the development of the harpoon for whale hunting. While the study focuses on one topic, harpoon technology, it will still be organized chronologically. The only difference here between a “chronological” and a “thematic” approach is what is emphasized the most: the development of the harpoon or the harpoon technology.But more authentic thematic reviews tend to break away from chronological order. For instance, a thematic review of material on sperm whales might examine how they are portrayed as “evil” in cultural documents. The subsections might include how they are personified, how their proportions are exaggerated, and their behaviors misunderstood. A review organized in this manner would shift between time periods within each section according to the point made.
Methodological:
A methodological approach differs from the two above in that the focusing factor usually does not have to do with the content of the material. Instead, it focuses on the “methods” of the researcher or writer. For the sperm whale project, one methodological approach would be to look at cultural differences between the portrayal of whales in American, British, and French art work. Or the review might focus on the economic impact of whaling on a community. A methodological scope will influence either the types of documents in the review or the way in which these documents are discussed.
Once you’ve decided on the organizational method for the body of the review, the sections you need to include in the paper should be easy to figure out. They should arise out of your organizational strategy. In other words, a chronological review would have subsections for each vital time period. A thematic review would have subtopics based upon factors that relate to the theme or issue.
Sometimes, though, you might need to add additional sections that are necessary for your study, but do not fit in the organizational strategy of the body. What other sections you include in the body is up to you. Put in only what is necessary.
Here are a few other sections you might want to consider:
Current Situation:
Information necessary to understand the topic or focus of the literature review.
History:
The chronological progression of the field, the literature, or an idea that is necessary to understand the literature review, if the body of the literature review is not already a chronology.
Methods and/or Standards:
The criteria you used to select the sources in your literature review or the way in which you present your information. For instance, you might explain that your review includes only peer-reviewed articles and journals.
Questions for Further Research: What questions about the field has the review sparked? How will you further your research as a result of the review?
Composing Nursing Literature Review
Once you’ve settled on a general pattern of organization, you’re ready to write each section. There are a few guidelines you should follow during the writing stage as well. Here is a sample paragraph from a literature review about sexism and language to illuminate the following discussion:
However, other studies have shown that even gender-neutral antecedents are more likely to produce masculine images than feminine ones (Gastil, 1990). Hamilton (1988) asked students to complete sentences that required them to fill in pronouns that agreed with gender-neutral antecedents such as “writer,” “pedestrian,” and “persons.” The students were asked to describe any image they had when writing the sentence. Hamilton found that people imagined 3.3 men to each woman in the masculine “generic” condition and 1.5 men per woman in the unbiased condition. Thus, while ambient sexism accounted for some of the masculine bias, sexist language amplified the effect. (Source: Erika Falk and Jordan Mills, “Why Sexist Language Affects Persuasion: The Role of Homophily, Intended Audience, and Offense,” Women and Language19:2).
Use evidence
In the example above, the writers refer to several other sources when making their point. A literature review in this sense is just like any other academic research paper. Your interpretation of the available sources must be backed up with evidence to show that what you are saying is valid.
Be selective
Select only the most important points in each source to highlight in the review. The type of information you choose to mention should relate directly to the review’s focus, whether it is thematic, methodological, or chronological.
Use quotes sparingly
Falk and Mills do not use any direct quotes. That is because the survey nature of the literature review does not allow for in-depth discussion or detailed quotes from the text. Some short quotes here and there are okay, though, if you want to emphasize a point, or if what the author said just cannot be rewritten in your own words. Notice that Falk and Mills do quote certain terms that were coined by the author, not common knowledge, or taken directly from the study. But if you find yourself wanting to put in more quotes, check with your instructor.
Summarize and synthesize Nursing Literature Review
Remember to summarize and synthesize your sources within each paragraph as well as throughout the review. The authors here recapitulate important features of Hamilton’s study, but then synthesize it by rephrasing the study’s significance and relating it to their own work.
Keep your own voice
While the literature review presents others’ ideas, your voice (the writer’s) should remain front and center. Notice that Falk and Mills weave references to other sources into their own text, but they still maintain their own voice by starting and ending the paragraph with their own ideas and their own words. The sources support what Falk and Mills are saying.
Paraphrasing Nursing Literature Review
When paraphrasing a source that is not your own, be sure to represent the author’s information or opinions accurately and in your own words. In the preceding example, Falk and Mills either directly refer in the text to the author of their source, such as Hamilton, or they provide ample notation in the text when the ideas they are mentioning are not their own, for example, Gastil’s.
Revise Nursing Literature Review
Draft in hand? Now you’re ready to revise. Spending a lot of time revising is a wise idea, because your main objective is to present the material, not the argument. So check over your review again to make sure it follows the assignment and/or your outline. Then, just as you would for most other academic forms of writing, rewrite or rework the language of your review so that you’ve presented your information in the most concise manner possible. Be sure to use terminology familiar to your audience; get rid of unnecessary jargon or slang. Finally, double check that you’ve documented your sources and formatted the review appropriately for your discipline. Writing Nursing Literature Reviews.