Category: Writing

The Research Report will be assessed based on student’s ability to research information, paraphrase, reference and format a document in the correct reporting format. The report will be conducted on the following topic: The Business Impact of COVID19 in Australia. The research report should include a description of the impact of COVID19 in Australia with specific focus to Australian consumers and business. To successfully complete this assessment students must select an industry of their choosing to focus research (e.g., tourism, hospitality, retail, education, property, or sport). Discussion of consumer and business impacts should be relevant to the selected industry of interest and discuss the unique challenges and opportunities caused by COVID19. Note that industry specific resources have been provided on Moodle to help guide this research, however this is not comprehensive. The research report should include the use of academic references, industry reports, as well as non-academic references. The Research Report must include: • Cover Page • Executive Summary • Table of Contents • Introduction • Main Body • COVID19 in Australia • The Impact of COVID19 on Australian Consumers • The Impact of COVID19 on Australian Business • Industry Recommendations • Conclusion Submission Guidelines • Correct report format, including abstract/executive summary and printed in one and a half spacing using size 12 font. • Students should use formal language and should avoid using casual language such as slang and abbreviations. For example, instead of saying, “don’t” use “do not”; instead of saying, “wouldn’t,” say “would not, etc. • Report must be written in the ‘third’ person. • A list of references is required listing all materials which have been made direct reference to in the body of the work. The list of references should contain at least six (6) references (4 academic) in Harvard referencing style. • Word limit: The word limit for the Critical Review is 1,500 – 1,800 words (+/ – 10%).

A research approach that uses inductive reasoning to develop a theory of some behaviour or process is known as ____________ research .

LAWS8015, s1 2021: FINAL ONLINE TEST Due: 11.59 pm, 9 June 2021 Weighting: 40% Date for release of question: 9 am 7 June 2021 Deadline for student submission: 11.59 pm 9 June 2021, via Turnitin Word Limit: 2000 words. It is up to you how to divide the word limit across the two questions (but each hypothetical is worth 50% of the final mark, and marks will be evenly distributed across the questions). Both scenarios must be answered. NOTE: This is a timed assessment and no late submissions will be accepted. This assessment task is based on a universal design principle, and has incorporated reasonable accommodations. The rubric against which this assessment is marked is provided on iLearn. All answers should be appropriately supported with relevant material, and when discussing violations of international law, you are not expected to go beyond what has been covered across the unit, or what is directly provided within the questions themselves. Hypothetical Scenario One In 2030, an organisation in Greece emerges called GROUCH – (Greeks Reclaiming Our Universal Cultural Heritage). GROUCH is a paramilitary organisation committed to seeing the return of Greek cultural artefacts to Greece, with a particular interest in the Elgin Marbles contained within the British Museum. GROUCH is largely made up of former Greek military and includes some current high-ranking governmental officials. While GROUCH operates as an independent private body, the Greek Government does provide funds for GROUCH on an annual basis in support of its activities. The British Museum has long maintained that the Elgin Marbles were rescued by Lord Elgin, and that they were taken with the full permission of the Ottoman Empire, who had control of Greece during the period they were taken. The British government has also argued that the pieces are safest if kept within the Museum. In December of 2030, London is hit with a massive earthquake that caused no casualties but did significant structural damage to a number of buildings, including the British Museum. While no artefacts within the Museum were lost, the Museum’s systems were seriously compromised, including the systems regulating temperature to preserve artefacts in their original condition. It is estimated that it will take several years to completely restore all the Museum’s systems to peak functioning. The Greek government expresses public dismay at the potential risks the Elgin Marbles are facing, and makes an urgent demand that the UK government arrange immediate removal of the Marbles back to Greece. The UK ignores this demand. With the security systems also compromised, and in light of the Greek government’s concerns, GROUCH launches a raid on the Museum to recover the Elgin Marbles. They use helicopters to land on the roof of the museum and launch their heist, equipped with non-lethal weapons. The group is able to avoid detection by the security guards and the UK military that have been deployed to protect the Museum, and are able to peacefully enter and exit the Museum. GROUCH successfully extracts the Marbles, though during the operation they significantly damaged a display of Egyptian artefacts on loan to the Museum from Cairo. Greece celebrates the return of the Elgin Marbles to their traditional home in the Parthenon. The Greek Government expresses its public appreciation to GROUCH for rescuing the Elgin Marbles, and declares the members of GROUCH involved in the operation national heroes. The UK government however, is outraged. They accuse the Greek government of being responsible for the illegal use of force on their sovereign territory. They demand the immediate return of the Elgin Marbles to the UK and an apology for the violence and damage incurred. The Greek government disavows responsibility for the operation, but make it clear that the Elgin Marbles will be remaining in their original home in the Parthenon. The United Kingdom decides to take the matter to the International Court of Justice. Both the United Kingdom and Greece have accepted the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court and have deposited Optional Clause Declarations in accordance with Art 36(2) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice. However, in 2025, Greece amended their Optional Clause Declaration, adding the following exception: The Government of the Hellenic Republic recognises the jurisdiction of the Court for all matters, with the exception of matters that are of vital interest to the Greek people, and to any matters relating to the national security, political independence, or sovereign identity of the nation of Greece. You are an aide working within the office of the UK’s Foreign Secretary. You are asked to provide a legal memo to the Secretary, within 3 days, answering the following questions: 1) Can the Greek Government incur responsibility for the violent reclamation of the Elgin Marbles? What violations of international law might be claimed, and can they be attributed to the Greek Government? 2) If the Greek Government is found to be responsible for the actions of GROUCH, are there any legal grounds on which they can justify their behaviour? 3) Does that ICJ have jurisdiction to adjudicate this matter? Hypothetical Scenario Two The year is 2026. Coruscant is a wealthy seafaring nation whose primary industries are related to fishing and deep-sea mining. It shares borders with two neighbouring states, Tatooine and Endor. In 2024, Coruscant caused a massive environmental disaster in the Alderaan Ocean off its coastline, and while it made a public apology, has not provided any attempt to fix the damage caused, arguing that it was an accident, and that it held no responsibility for its actions. Lawsuits in relation to this disaster are still under way. Meanwhile, 2026 is an election year for Coruscant, and the PR nightmare of the disaster has meant that the current reigning government is facing a tight race with the local environmental party, the Verde Party. It is also facing security issues, as Interpol sent Coruscant, Endor, and Tatooine identical reports indicating that an organization listed on the UN Security Council’s Consolidated List as a terrorist entity was planning a terror attack on a national capital in the region, using a bomb-laden civilian airplane as a weapon. All three countries promptly put their Air Forces on heightened alert. In response to the ocean disaster, a regional environmental organisation, the Angels, headquartered and registered in Endor, has become actively involved in disrupting the activities of the state-run mining companies of Coruscant, and politically campaigning for the Verde Party. Wedge Antilles is an active member of the Angels and is also a pilot in Endor’s air force. The Angels hatch a plan to run a propaganda campaign that will involve an airdrop of hundreds of ecofriendly stuffed turtles emblazoned with the slogan ‘Save Me, Vote Verde’ across their bellies across Coruscant. Given his experience, Wedge Antilles is chosen to pilot this mission. On the 6th September 2025, while off-duty, Wedge used his military access to enter the Mandalorian Airfield in Endor, and took possession of a small 12-seater civilian aircraft kept in one of the lesser used hangars of the airfield. There is a note clearly displayed in the hanger that the plane had not been serviced in over a year. He signed into the airfield’s computers and using a hack he purchased on the darkweb, logged his planned flight path directly into the system, ignoring all the usual procedures that would normally be required. He took off from the airfield without permission, but without raising any alerts due to unlawful entering of his flight plans. A few hours later, Wedge had flown into the territorial airspace of Coruscant, preparing to drop his load of propaganda turtles. He is however intercepted by a pair of fighter jets that have been scrambled quickly, due to the heightened security alert. Fearing this to be a terrorist threat, the jets immediately ordered the plane to identify itself. Wedge tried to respond only to realise that the radio on the plane is malfunctioning. With the lack of an immediate response the fighter jets fire a series of warning shots directly in the path of Wedge’s plane, though a safe distance away. As he was flying very close to the border of Tatooine, he decided to quickly change his route and fly into the territory of Tatooine. However, Wedge changed directions just as another series of warning shots were fired, and one bullet clipped one of the planes engines. Wedge nonetheless managed to enter Tatooine airspace, and the fighter jets called off their pursuit. At this point however the airplane was showing significant engine trouble and leaking fuel at an alarming rate. Barely able to control the aircraft, and to avoid certain death, Wedge was immediately forced to glide into a landing on Tatooine’s main highway in the area, unfortunately colliding with several vehicles, killing four commuters and injuring a dozen more. The authorities of Tatooine and Coruscant are furious with the outcome of these events and blame the government of Endor. Endor in turn expresses outrage at the use of weapons against one of its civilian airplanes. They point out that Coruscant (along with Endor and Tatooine) are State Parties to the Convention on International Civil Aviation (known as the Chicago Convention). Endor accuses Coruscant of breaching Art 3bis of that Convention which states: a) The contracting States recognize that every State must refrain from resorting to the use of weapons against civil aircraft in flight and that, in case of interception, the lives of persons on board and the safety of aircraft must not be endangered. This provision shall not be interpreted as modifying in any way the rights and obligations of States set forth in the Charter of the United Nations. You work as an international law consultant, and have been asked to offer your expertise to a journalist reporting on the incident. Specifically, you are asked to provide advice on the following: 1. Is Endor responsible for the action of Wedge Antilles, and what internationally wrongful acts could be raised, both on behalf of Coruscant, and Tatooine? 2. Could any circumstances precluding wrongfulness be raised to preclude liability for the crash in Tatooine? 3. Were the actions of Coruscant in shooting at the aircraft lawful? Were they in breach of Art 3bis? Relatedly, could they argue that their actions fell under Art 51 of the United Nations Charter?
Attachments:
6758813_1_LAWS8015-Online-Test-.pdf