Tag: Clinical-Nursing

  • PICO analysis of depression essay

    PICO analysis of depression essay

    A PICO analysis is used to pose a focused clinical question to which you find appropriate evidence-based answers. The PICO question should include the patient or population (P), anticipated intervention (I), comparison group or current standard (C), and outcome desired (O). In this Assignment, you develop a question related to dementia, delirium, or depression. Through your PICO analysis, you explore various resources and examine current evidence to answer the question you develop.

    To prepare:

    Select one of the following disorders as your topic: dementia, delirium, or depression.

    Review the guidelines in the “Literature Review Matrix” document in this week’s Learning Resources.

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    Think about a research question around your issue as indicated in Part I: PICO Analysis of Research Topic. PICO analysis of depression essay.

    Consider the resources you will use, search terms and criteria, and Boolean search strings as indicated in Part II: Search Strategy.

    Using the Walden Library and other appropriate databases, locate five articles related to your PICO question. At least one article must be a systematic review. All of the articles should be primary sources.

    Reflect on the five articles you selected as indicated in Part III: Analysis of Literature. Consider the conceptual framework/theory, main finding, research method, strengths of study, weaknesses, and level of evidence for each article PICO analysis of depression essay.

    Consider how to use the summaries in Part III to create an evidence table. Use this evidence table to determine appropriate treatment options for patients who present with the disorder you selected as your topic.

    To complete:

    Formulate a question around the disorder you selected as indicated in Part I: PICO Analysis of Research Topic. PICO analysis of depression essay.

    Identify the resources you will use, search terms and criteria, and Boolean search strings as indicated in Part II: Search Strategy.

    Summarize the five articles you selected as indicated in Part III: Analysis of Literature. Describe the conceptual framework/theory, main finding, research method, strengths of study, weaknesses, and level of evidence for each article.

    Create an evidence table based on the article summaries in Part III. Describe appropriate treatment options for patients based on this evidence table.

    Managing Depression among Pregnant Women

    Part I and II

    This study investigated the need and strategies to manage depression cases among pregnant women. For this study, five sources were selected from varying databases after entering several search terms and search strings. The key search term deployed for the study included pregnancy, prenatal, depression, exercise. Consequently, the search strings for the study included maternal depression, pregnancy depressive symptoms, child outcomes, pregnancy and prenatal depression, and pregnancy depressive disorder. PICO analysis of depression essay. The resources selected were all primary sources and had a time range of not more than five years. Moreover, two of the articles were systematic reviews.

    Part III: Analysis of Literature.

    Gentile (2017) conducted a systematic review investigating the effect of Untreated depression during pregnancy with emphasis on both the Short-and long-term effects to the offspring. In the study, Forty-three articles were selected from varying databases since August 2015. This studies revealed that untreated depression during pregnancy had adverse effects on the developing fetus, newborns and young children, a factor which facilitated including hyperactivity, and irregular fetal heart rate, and resulted to premature deaths PICO analysis of depression essay. Consequently, untreated depression during pregnancy had a significant effect on children in later development ranging from “increased salivary cortisol levels, internalizing and externalizing problems, and central adiposity.” The study highlighted a controversy on the correlation between gestational depression and an increase in prematurity and low birth weight.

    Another study by Glover, (2014) investigating on the measures that should be enacted to address “Maternal depression, anxiety and stress during pregnancy and child outcome” from the study Results revealed that even though other factors such as genetics and postnatal care were at play, prenatal anxiety and depression played a significant role facilitating the child’s behavioral and psychological outcomes PICO analysis of depression essay.

    The study by Perales, Refoyo, Coteron, Bacchi, and Barakat. (2015) was a randomized controlled trial investigating whether “Exercise during pregnancy attenuates prenatal depression.” the sample for this study was 184 pregnant women selected from Fuenlabrada Hospital. Two groups EG supervised exercise and CG control group were developed and 90 women from the sample were allocated to the EG while the other 77 women were included in the control group (CG). From this study, it was observed that “supervised physical exercise during pregnancy curbed depression and its incidence in pregnant women.”(Perales et al., 2015)

    The other study selected was a systematic review conducted by Staneva, Bogossian, Pritchard, and Wittkowski, (2015) investigating “The effects of maternal depression, anxiety, and perceived stress during pregnancy on preterm birth” in this study Four databases were searched in a bid to select articles “focusing on the association between antenatal depression, anxiety, and stress, and preterm birth published in English between 1980 and 2013.” The study result highlighted a strong correlation between antenatal distress during the pregnancy and preterm birth.

    The article by Woolhouse, Gartland, Mensah and Brown (2015) “Maternal depression from early pregnancy to 4 years postpartum in a prospective pregnancy cohort study: implications for primary health care” sort to highlight the prevalence and the underlying  risk factors for depressive symptoms employing a cohort study for a 4 years nulliparous women as the study design. The sample was 1507 women whereby the resultant data highlighted a mean gestation of 15 weeks PICO analysis of depression essay. From the study 1 in every three women reported a case of depression symptom in the first four months and the resultant depression prevalence in this study was at 14.5%.

    Appropriate treatment options

    From the analyzed literature its evident that prevalence of depressive symptoms among pregnant women is high. Moreover, Woolhouse et al. (2015) observed that depression symptoms were also likely to extend to the early years of postpartum heightening the negative impact of depression. Consequently, the articles recommend several interventions to curb the depression symptoms and manage stress and depression cases related to pregnancy PICO analysis of depression essay. However, Gentile’s study also cautions the medical practitioners to weigh out possible effects of some intervention strategies especially the antidepressants which have been highlighted as harbouring utero exposure risks (Gentile, 2017). In this regard, following the literature analysis, this study has highlighted four interventions strategies as adequate to manage pregnancy depression cases.

    Notably, depression symptoms in women are high in pregnancy and early years of parenting and pose a significant risk to both the mother and the child (Woolhouse et al., 2015). As such, healthcare services should scale up surveillance of depressive symptoms to all women in this categories. In this regard, this study suggests that free depression medical checkups should be enacted in health centres to cater for the pregnant women and those in early years of postpartum.

    Consequently, psychological distress manifest in varying ways including anxiety and stress was shown to be highly correlated with depression (Staneva et al., 2015). As such, this paper proposes that any form of psychological distress evident in pregnant women should be handled with heightened caution and curbed adequately. The Health practitioners especially those engaged perinatal care to women should be adequately informed to work in corroboration and share information amongst them self to ensure that all symptoms have been assessed and adequate intervention measures enacted as deemed appropriate (Glover, 2014). This intern will improve outcomes for both mothers and infants.

    Lastly, a notable intervention strategy that had a significant positive outcome in the reduction of depression in pregnant women was evident in Perales et al. (2015) study. According, to the study, supervised physical exercise during pregnancy was shown to significantly lower the level of depression and probability of depression incidence in the pregnant women (Perales et al., 2015). The efficacy of the approach was also heightened by the possibility of negative effect both to the mother and the fetus accrued with depressants PICO analysis of depression essay.

    According to Gentile (2017), several studies have pointed out on the possibility of negative outcome associated with in utero exposure to antidepressants. However, the study also emphasizes that if untreated dare consequences are likely to befall the mother and the child extending to later years in life. According to the study possible effects of depression in pregnancy to the child in later years include “increased salivary cortisol levels, internalizing and externalizing problems, and central adiposity” (Gentile, 2017, p 157). As such, this study proposes that healthcare institutions should enact programs or collaborate with professional physical exercise providers to ensure the pregnant patients get supervised physical exercise sessions as a means to curb depression cases and symptoms

    References

    Gentile, S. (2017). Untreated depression during pregnancy: Short-and long-term effects in offspring. A systematic review. 
    Neuroscience
    , 
    342
    , 154-166.

    Glover, V. (2014). Maternal depression, anxiety and stress during pregnancy and child outcome; what needs to be done. 
    Best practice & research Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology
    , 
    28
    (1), 25-35.

    Perales, M., Refoyo, I., Coteron, J., Bacchi, M., & Barakat, R. (2015). Exercise during pregnancy attenuates prenatal depression: a randomized controlled trial. 
    Evaluation & the health professions
    , 
    38
    (1), 59-72 PICO analysis of depression essay.

    Staneva, A., Bogossian, F., Pritchard, M., & Wittkowski, A. (2015). The effects of maternal depression, anxiety, and perceived stress during pregnancy on preterm birth: a systematic review. 
    Women and Birth
    , 
    28
    (3), 179-193.

    Woolhouse, H., Gartland, D., Mensah, F., & Brown, S. J. (2015). Maternal depression from early pregnancy to 4 years postpartum in a prospective pregnancy cohort study: implications for primary health care. 
    BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    , 
    122
    (3), 312-321 PICO analysis of depression essay.

  • Social Challenges of Aging Essay

    Social Challenges of Aging Essay

    Conduct in-depth analysis of a pertinent topic related to aging. Define the problem, specific population affected, cultural implications, and financial/legal/ethical implications. What interventions can be used to improve the problem? What resources are available? What are the associated costs? Is this idea sustainable? Social Challenges of Aging Essay.

    Submit your paper in a 6–7-page Microsoft Word document.

    Support your responses with examples.

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    References must be within 3 years.

    Social Challenges of Aging

    Introduction

    The subject of aging garners greater debate when it concerns the elderly and aged persons who are often considered unproductive but requiring a large proportion of the health resources to maintain a high-quality life, health education and long-term care plans. In fact, the attention focus on the gaps in income, housing and other relevant social and community elements. The reality is that elderly persons require input from multiple stakeholders before these gaps can be addressed (von Homboldt, 2016). Social Challenges of Aging Essay. This then leaves us with the question of what consequences will be faced by both the present and future populations with regards to the existing gaps as pertains a population composed of elderly persons. The present paper explores these notions by talking of the implications of aging and associated social challenges of an aging population.

    Discussion

    Social challenges of aging

    The elderly population has far-reaching implications for any country. This is because it presents direct challenges to the medical system to include the increasing cost of healthcare, rising demand for medical services use, and shifting health profiles. This can be presented as a rapidly increasing group of elderly persons with a larger burden of lifestyle-related medical conditions (such as diabetes) and typical age-based medical issues (that include cancer, dementia, arthritis, and so on) when compared to preceding generations. In addition, the social variations that the next generation of elderly persons will experience (to include an enhanced awareness and understanding of medical issues, as well as greater expectations of medical services) poses added challenges. These challenges are likely to have an effect on future health care engagement and delivery models (Tomczyk & Klimczuk, 2015). Social Challenges of Aging Essay.

    The major social challenge is shifting health profiles, with the issue being how medical systems will meet the health needs of the aging population that is increasingly impacted by chronic ailments. The prevalence of many medical conditions is greater for older age groups. Besides that, it is noted that elderly persons are more likely to report multiple long-term medical disorders. Despite the rising incidence of ill health and disease among elderly persons with the condition worsening with age, most persons in that age group believe that they are in good health Social Challenges of Aging Essay. The implication of these awareness is that older individuals have a higher prevalence of chronic self-reported health conditions, terminal conditions, and high risk of injury, thereby showing that they are prone to shifting health profiles requiring greater medical care (Tomczyk & Klimczuk, 2015).

    Another challenge is the rising demand for medical services. It is increasingly apparent that the demand for medical services is affected by a range of social factors, but elderly persons are typically higher users of medical services when compared to their younger counterparts. As such, medical services demand is anticipated to rise with the aging population. The increased use of medical services and facilities by elderly populations has implications for medical personnel that is diverse and large, encompassing many occupations that range from volunteers to support staff and highly qualified professions Social Challenges of Aging Essay. The aging population needs an adequate medical labour force to handle its needs (to include skill set, distribution, and numbers) to meet the heightened demand and shifting needs. The future scarcity of appropriately skilled health workers is also anticipated to be a particular challenge (Tomczyk & Klimczuk, 2015).

    Yet another challenge is the rising cost of health care. With elderly persons being high users of medical services and facilities, and medical costs being higher for the same population subset, it is prudent to have concerns about the possibility of elderly persons placing an unsustainable strain on available resources. The relationship between medical costs and aging is complex. Still, there is considerable evidence to show that growth in health care spending (both current and projected) are attributable to aging. As such, there is little doubt that medical policies and systems should be adapted in response to the significant shift in population demographics. Part of this understanding includes the awareness that health care funding is collected from a range of sources to include private individuals, insurers, government, and non-governmental sources (Michel et al., 2018).

    The government is the principal source of health funding, accounting for as much as 70% of funding needs. It is important to note that the high expenditure has been matched by increasing tax revenue. Whether the same trend will be noted in the future is difficult to predict since labour productivity and supply patterns are likely to undergo change even as education levels rise and diversification occurs in the economy (von Homboldt, 2016). Social Challenges of Aging Essay Private individuals account for 17% of medical funding, with the elderly who tend to have lower incomes and greater wealth also reporting higher costs and spending although these figures are distributed unevenly. More than 50% of their personal wealth (for the elderly) constitutes property. Although it would be logical to assume that elderly persons can easily access their wealth (such as property through reverse mortgage), this wealth is not readily accessible to fund medical needs. Besides that, elderly persons who do not own their accommodation end up having to rent and spend a large proportion of their income on housing thereby leaving a very small proportion for medical costs and other expenditures (von Homboldt, 2016).

    The next generation of elderly persons (the baby boomer cohort) is anticipated to have higher levels of wealth and income when compared to past generations. However, the unequal distribution of wealth and income will continue whereby 25% of the wealthy elderly persons will account for 60% of the income and wealth while the poorer 25% will account for 4% of the income and wealth for that age group (von Homboldt, 2016). In addition, the elderly are also increasingly becoming active in the labour force, thereby helping to offset their expenditure growth and bring about better retirement balances (Paltasing & Tyagi, 2015) Social Challenges of Aging Essay. On the other hand, a large number of elderly persons have never contributed to retirement schemes or have only made minimal contributions for a limited time. Increased retirement savings is not anticipated to have an impact in decreasing the number of persons who receive pensions, but it is anticipated to cause a greater shift away from full pensions and towards partial pensions. This means that this population will be unable to meet their health care costs even as they age (Michel et al., 2018).

    It is important to note that the challenge presented by an elderly population is acute for certain demographic groups, thereby explaining why the demand for medical service types and locations vary. The higher incidence of disability and life expectancy reported among elderly women (when compared to their male counterparts), along with differences in workforce participation and earnings means that women are more vulnerable to economic uncertainties. Although retirement payment coverage is rising, there remains a significant disparity between superannuation coverage for both male and female elderly persons (Rajan & Balagopal, 2017). Social Challenges of Aging Essay.

    At the core of the focus on social factors and pressures is the awareness that socioeconomic factors, including their related handicaps, are important health determinants. In general, there is a tendency for health status to improve with a rise in the economic data. This phenomenon is typically referred to as the socioeconomic gradient of health. Rajan and Balagopal, (2017) puts the issue into perspective by reporting that health inequalities impose costs on any country, both regarding losing productivity and medical care. The very existence of such inequalities is an indication that there is room for health gains to be realized (Rajan & Balagopal, 2017).

    Responding to the social challenges

    As has been established, an aging population presents some social challenges. This implies that the combination of medical services needed and offered, as well as the way in which they are delivered and funded needs to undergo some radical changes in response to the aging population. At the core of this awareness is the knowledge that aging is linked to heightened risk of dependency, disability and plethora of medical conditions, although the situation is variable since most of the chronic conditions can be postponed or even prevented thereby determining that they are not an inevitable consequence of aging (von Humboldt, 2016). The postponement and prevention to promote good health across the lifespan occur through reduction of morbidity from diseases, disease prevention after the onset, reducing risk factors prevalence before disease onset, and prevention of disease risk factors (Paltasing & Tyagi, 2015) Social Challenges of Aging Essay. Overall, encouraging wellbeing across the different age groups is intended as a strategy for ensuring that future generations of elderly persons are healthy.

    Another response is enabling healthy aging, which involves improving and maintaining quality of life and health of elderly persons through the management of multi-morbidity and chronic conditions to enable active and healthy aging (Rajan & Balagopal, 2017). The medical sector plays a principal role in supporting and promoting healthy aging, with medical professionals being instrumental in averting or avoiding disease complications, managing the risks of diseases, and offering advice on lifestyle. Care programs for aged persons also offer a setting for preventive medical care, particularly in avoiding the occurrence of fractures and falls since they are common among elderly persons and are associated with high costs (von Humboldt, 2016).

    Supporting and better enabling the social and economic participation of elderly persons within their communities is anticipated to mitigate the challenges of an aging population. This is because health is positively linked to engagement in paid employment (Paltasing & Tyagi, 2015). As a result, promoting good health among elderly persons presents the possibility of triggering health gains and increasing the capacity to actively participate in both the community and workforce.

    Conclusion

    One must accept that aging attracts debate since the population is linked to heightened risk of dependency, disability and plethora of medical conditions. Also, the population is considered unproductive and yet require considerable resources to maintain. In addition, one must acknowledge that this population faces significant social challenges. Social Challenges of Aging Essay To be more concise, aging population faces social challenges in terms of shifting health profiles, rising demand for medical services, rising cost of health care, funding sources, and unfavorable socioeconomic gradient of health. There is a need to respond to these social challenges through postponement and prevention to promote good health across the lifespan, enabling healthy aging, and supporting increased social and economic participation of elderly persons. In this respect, an aging population introduces unique social challenges that should be addressed.

    References

    Michel, J., Beattie, L., Martin, F. & Walston, J. (2018).
    Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine. Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine
    (3
    rd
    ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Paltasing, T. & Tyagi, R. (2015).
    Caring for the elderly: social gerontology in the Indian context
    . New Delhi: SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd.

    Rajan, I. & Balagopal, G. (2017).
    Elderly care in India: societal and state responses
    . Singapore: Springer Nature.

    Tomczyk, L. & Klimczuk, A. (2015).
    Aging in the social space
    . Bialystok-Krakow: The Association of Social Gerontologists. Social Challenges of Aging Essay.

    von Humboldt, S. (2016).
    Conceptual and methodological issues on the adjustment to aging: perspectives on aging well
    . Dordrecht: Springer.

  • Wellness Program Essay

    Develop a Wellness Program Essay with a holistic approach for the older adult you identified, using resources available in your community (Thomasville, GA). Discuss how this approach will prove an optimum level of well-being.

    Citations should conform to APA guidelines.

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    Teleadult program has been proposed as a wellness program that makes it conceivable for older adults to access health care in the face of outwardly overwhelming obstructions that comprise isolation, limited movement, and being invalids. The program makes use of phone messaging services to a dedicated site that has medical personnel on standby to offer health care advice to include taking vital readings at regular intervals to be accompanied by customized questions and graphics. In this case, the program would involve using communication technologies to expedite healthcare delivery without regard for distance Wellness Program Essay. This occurs even as communication between medical personnel and the population is enabled. For that matter, the program assigns priority to advance treatment, prevention and ensuring wellness. In fact, the program would be applied to carry out patient evaluation, offer interventions (health and psychological), caregiver education, and real-time monitoring of the patients. This occurs even as it creates a feedback mechanism that guarantees an efficient flow of information between the medical personnel and patient (Harris, 2015). The program can be considered as a multidimensional treatment model that focuses on older adults who are homebound and frail. It evaluates issues that influence the quality of care and their connection with care outcomes thus guaranteeing that the population receives the recommended care with enhanced participation from all stakeholders. Even as the program is applied, a likely obstacle to its implementation is meaningful use by the older adult population. The obstacle will be preempted through offering detailed tutorials to the population explaining what the program entails before its implementation. Also, verbal prompts would be included to allow the patient make good use of the program (Harris, 2015). In this respect, Teleadult program is a wellness program that presents an opportunity for older adults to addresses the communication concerns of health care delivery. Wellness Program Essay.

    Reference

    Harris, M. (2015).
    Handbook of Home Health Care Administration
    (6
    th
    ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning Wellness Program Essay.

  • Psychological and Financial Elder Abuse Sample Essay

    Psychological and Financial Elder Abuse Sample Essay

    Psychological abuse entails cases where by the care giver humiliates and handles the elderly without respect. Notably, in most cases these type of abuse is characterized by name calling, and harsh disregard for the elderly person opinion. Abolishing this type of abuse is coupled with myriad challenges including in ability to recognize signs of occurrence since in most cases there is no physical evidence. Moreover, this abuse is mostly perpetrated by care givers and the elderly are likely to normalize it and might find it hard to report it. Although, psychological abuse has detrimental effects including instigation of mental problem, WHO (2017) highlights it as the most under reported form of elderly abuse.

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    Financial elder abuse occurs when an individual mostly a family member misappropriates resources of the elderly or uses financial power to subdue the elderly. Unlike other forms of abuse, financial abuse is subtle and hard to notice and thus difficult to abolish Psychological and Financial Elder Abuse Sample Essay. Further according to WHO (2017), curbing financial abuse is also complicated by the fact that the perpetrators are by closely attached with the elderly such as care givers or family members. In some cases the elderly person has no knowledge of its occurrence and thus no reporting occurs.

    Key Strategies to advocate and protect the elderly from psychological and financial abuse include encouraging the community members to help by heightening scrutiny for plausible cases of abuse and report them to the authority. As such, community members should be taught the signs manifest in psychological abuse such as observing behavior changes in the elderly. In this case increased fearfulness, uncommunicative tendencies and isolation among others should be taken to signify possibility of psychological abuse. Manifestations of financial abuse on the other hand include cases of massive withdraws from the elderly accounts and sudden cases of unpaid bills.

    The community members should also be encouraged to observe behavioral change by the care giver. In this regard, inhibiting visitors to the elderly and cases whereby the care giver portrays indifference and heightened hostility to the elder such as name calling should also warrant report of possible elderly financial or psychological abuse Psychological and Financial Elder Abuse Sample Essay. Further, I would encourage the need for the authorities and other agencies involved with the elderly take any reported suspicion seriously and take immediate action to curtail the abuse and accrued effects to the elderly.

    References

    World Health Organization. (2017). Prevention of Elderly Abuse. WHO Psychological and Financial Elder Abuse Sample Essay

  • Quantitative research that has health care implications

    Quantitative research that has health care implications

    Third time I’m posting this paper (warming somewhat difficult task) so far it has conquered two tutors. I will attach some example papers. I do have the critique from the graders will post in private chat with tutor the format is correct but the content is not! I also attached the table the five areas are suppose to go in! I can only give one day since I have posted this paper so many times already. Quantitative research that has health care implications.

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    A. Evaluate a primary 
    quantitative
     research peer-reviewed journal article (
    suggested length of 3–5 pages
    ) that has healthcare implications by doing the following:

    1. Identify how the researcher addresses the 
    five
     following areas of the selected journal article, using the attached “Evidence Table”:

    • background or introduction

    • review of the literature

    • discussion of methodology

    • data analysis

    • researcher’s conclusion

    2. Critique whether the evidence presented in 
    each
    section of the journal article supports the researcher’s conclusion. Quantitative research that has health care implications.

    3. Explain the protection of human subjects and cultural considerations of the journal article.

    4. Identify strengths and limitations of the study.

    5. Describe how the evidence informs nursing practice.

    B. Evaluate a primary 
    qualitative
     research peer-reviewed journal article (
    suggested length of 3–5 pages
    ) that has healthcare implications by doing the following:

    1. Identify how the researcher addresses the 
    five
     following areas of the selected journal article, using the attached “Evidence Table”:

    • background or introduction

    • review of the literature

    • discussion of methodology

    • data analysis

    • researcher’s conclusion

    2. Critique whether the evidence presented in 
    each
     section of the journal article supports the researcher’s conclusion.

    3. Explain the protection of human subjects and cultural considerations of the journal article.

    4. Identify strengths and limitations of the study. Quantitative research that has health care implications.

    5. Describe how the evidence informs nursing practice.

    C. Acknowledge sources, using APA-formatted in-text citations and references, for content that is quoted, paraphrased, or summarized

    Sources of Stress in Nursing Students: A Systematic Review of Quantitative Studies A1 Quantitative Article: Pulido-Martos, M., Augusto-Landa, J., & Lopez-Zafra, E. (2012). Sources of stress in nursing students: a systematic review of quantitative studies… [corrected] [Published erratum appears in INT NURS REV 2012 Jun; 59(2):289]. International Nursing Review, 59(1), 15-25 11p. doi:10.1111/j.1466-7657.2011.00939.x Background or Introduction This study planned to recognize the fundamental wellsprings of stress for understudies of nursing and the development of the stressors when preparing in nursing capabilities. Levels of stress are higher for health care experts than for different laborers. A higher number of stressors with negative wellbeing results are available, particularly among nursing experts. Stress is a psychosocial component that impacts the scholarly execution and prosperity of this gathering. The enthusiasm for breaking down wellsprings of stress in nursing understudies is because of the impact that their preparation period may have on their view of weight on their future work (Pulido-Martos, Augusto-Landa, & Lopez-Zafra, 2012, p. 15). Review of the Literature A precise audit of the experimental literature on stressors in nursing understudies were examined. Quantitative research that has health care implications. The inquiry involved all the articles distributed toward the end of 2010. The writers led a reading of titles and abstracts and settled on the choice to incorporate articles in the survey in light of the accompanying criteria: (i) the study included one or more instruments to gather data on anxiety variables among nursing understudies, (ii) the study included just nursing understudies or, if different examples were viewed as, the study gave data on nursing understudies independently, and (iii) the work included quantitative data on wellsprings of stress, barring those studies that lone reported a worldwide measure of stress. Articles were incorporated into the audit in the event that they met these three criteria. If there should arise an occurrence of disparities between the scientists, discourse gatherings bound together the decision. At long last, papers that construct their examination in light of a subjective elucidation of the data gathered (e.g. talk examination, discussion investigation) were rejected (Pulido-Martos, Augusto-Landa, & Lopez-Zafra, 2012, p. 16). Discussion of Methodology The most well-known wellsprings of stress identify with scholastics (audits, workload and issues connected with concentrating on, among others). Different wellsprings of anxiety incorporate clinical sources, (for example, apprehension of obscure circumstances, botches with patients or treatment of specialized hardware). When all is said in done, no progressions happen at the distinctive years of the understudy’s training (Pulido-Martos, Augusto-Landa, & Lopez-Zafra, 2012, p. 16). Data Analysis Eighty-six articles (out of 784) seemed to meet the destinations and criteria of this efficient modification on the premise of titles and abstracts. After the complete readings, 63 articles were disposed of. for one of the accompanying reasons: (i) tests were not only nursing understudies, and their outcomes were not isolated from different understudies, (ii) the outcomes just reported worldwide scores and not calculated scores, or( iii) although the abstract did not report a qualitative study, it turned out to be clear after reading the study that a qualitative technique was utilized. Subsequently, the final test was lessened to 23 studies (Pulido-Martos, Augusto-Landa, & Lopez-Zafra, 2012, p. 17). Researcher’s Conclusion Contrasting studies was difficult due with the methodological contrasts between them. In any case, the authors of the study amendment gives an ebb and flow best in class and expressive data that may be exceptionally helpful for future exploration. They bring up the significance of instructors and clinical facilitators to be delicate of these stressors and furnish understudies with successful adapting methodologies to manage the inescapable wellsprings of stress present amid nurse education and training. These techniques may prompt the lessening of negative mental side effects connected with view of stress. Future exploration ought to consider investigating papers that have utilized subjective techniques to contribute data to this work (Pulido-Martos, AugustoLanda, & Lopez-Zafra, 2012, p. 23). Quantitative research that has health care implications. Critique whether the evidence presented in each section of the journal article supports the researcher’s conclusion. According to the various sections presented in the journal article is appears that all sections support researchers conclusion. They broke down the specific target of every study. Besides that, they dissected the circumstance and stressors, considering the scholarly year the understudies are in. The survey incorporates cross-sectional studies with understudies from a solitary scholarly course, cross-sectional studies looking at different scholastic courses and longitudinal studies that incorporate the advancement of the wellsprings of anxiety for the same gathering crosswise over various scholastic courses. Another specific goal was to examine circumstances and stressors straightforwardly identified with the behavior of clinical practice as a feature of the preparation of students (Pulido-Martos, Augusto-Landa, & Lopez-Zafra, 2012, p. 20). Finally, given that some of the studies looked into analyze levels and wellsprings of anxiety in tests of understudies from various instructive frameworks, we recognize distinctively wellsprings of anxiety of the instructive framework. Explain the protection of human subjects and cultural considerations of the journal article. In a portion of the explored examines, most of the specimens were understudies enlisted under the new qualifications that have a more noteworthy scholarly load. In addition, they concentrated on sources of stress saw by understudies in the customary framework with those in the new framework; in the northeast of Scotland made this comparison and in Spain inspected the developments of the new instructive projects. Identify strengths and limitations of the study. There are numerous difficulties in contrasting studies. The organization of the specimen, the instrument utilized and the coding of reactions are among the variables that may block examination of the outcomes got in various studies. In addition, now and again, the outcomes allude to the measurements or components of the wellsprings of stress, and in different cases, the outcomes allude to the substance or specific things of these measurements. Quantitative research that has health care implications. Therefore, the authors reported the specific aftereffects of this efficient survey on the base of the accompanying criteria: (i) the examination targets, (ii) the investigation of stress isolated by scholastic courses, (iii) wellsprings of anxiety connected with clinical practice and (iv) wellsprings of stress as far as educational programs (Pulido-Martos, Augusto-Landa, & Lopez-Zafra, 2012, p. 17). Describe how the evidence informs nursing practice. The evidence informs the nursing practice that those in charge of the projects ought to consider the time spent by understudies on the proposed undertakings to maintain a strategic distance from work burden. Besides, elective types of appraisal past the securing of aptitudes for testing, for example, learning-focused evaluation, could lessen scholastic stress among understudies and the decrease of negative mental manifestations. B1 Qualitative Article: Greenslade, M. V., Elliott, Barbara,PhD., R.N., & Mandville-Anstey, S. (2010). Sameday breast cancer surgery: A qualitative study of women’s lived experiences. Oncology Nursing Forum, 37(2), E92-7. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/223115755?accountid=87314 Background or Introduction The purpose of the study was to try and comprehend the encounters of woman having same-day breast cancer surgery and make suggestions to help healthcare professionals impact change to upgrade the nature of care. It is relatively clear that breast cancer is a common disease among woman and this study projects that the length of stay for woman having breast cancer surgery can be eliminated to about 48 hours, as opposed to a week or more. The research suggest that if woman having same day breast cancer surgery may have better outcomes if they are properly educated when preparing for surgery. Review of the Literature Surveying the emotionally supportive networks of ladies with breast cancer ought to be a fundamental piece of nursing practice. Alongside having solid bolster systems, ladies recognized that reasoning decidedly, keeping occupied, and looking for wellbeing related data were adapting techniques that encouraged recuperation. Likewise observed that supports, for example, family, companions, and human services experts are basic for psychosocial conformity and successful adapting Discussion of Methodology This study was conceded from the Human Investigations Committee, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada. A purposive specimen of 13 ladies was selected from outpatient branches of two city hospitals on the east shore of Canada. Ladies going to the preadmission facilities preceding experiencing same-day breast cancer surgery were drawn closer by nursing staff and asked whether they would be occupied with taking an interest in the study. The individuals who agreed to partake were taken after to decide qualification. Members who stayed overnight were barred. A constructivist approach with inside and out interviews and relative examination to create and systemically compose information into four noteworthy interrelated subjects and an interfacing key thread (Greenslade, Elliott, & Mandville-Anstey, 2010, p. E93). Data Analysis The discoveries delivered four noteworthy interrelated subjects: planning, timing, supports, and community health nursing interventions. Inseparably laced inside every subject was a key string of the effect on adapting. The four subjects, and also the vital thread, are depicted in this segment with an interpretive methodology (Greenslade, Elliott, & Mandville-Anstey, 2010, p. E93). Researcher’s Conclusion Same-day surgery for breast cancer is not reasonable for each patient. Patients who are more established, have attending conditions, live an extensive separation from the clinic, or have different family obligations may not be reasonable hopefuls. Each woman with breast cancer ought to be evaluated independently to decide the way to deal with surgery. In this manner, the creators prescribe that a screening apparatus be produced to decide fitting appropriateness for same-day breast cancer surgery (Greenslade, Elliott, & Mandville-Anstey, 2010, p. E97). Quantitative research that has health care implications. This study permitted the scientists to pick up a superior comprehension of the encounters of ladies having same-day surgery for breast cancer. Critique whether the evidence presented in each section of the journal article supports the researcher’s conclusion. The evidence presented in each section of the journal article, to an extent, supported the researcher’s conclusion. Looking towards the review of literature, the assumptions made that a support system was relevant in woman who have same-day breast surgery served as a significant outcome of how woman need their support system in place from the time of diagnosis not just for same-day surgery. Explain the protection of human subjects and cultural considerations of the journal article. The study was based on interviews of 13 woman where data were gathered amid audiotaped, unstructured interviews, either by phone or in the members’ homes. Interviews were directed by and large eight weeks postoperatively and went in length from 45–60 minutes. Open-ended inquiries were utilized to invigorate dialog. Coding schemata were created, at first with a slender spotlight on points and after that assembled into more extensive classes. Subject marks were produced to mirror the expansive themes shared by members. Further investigation guaranteed methodical association of subjects, and a constructivist methodology was utilized to comprehend the mind boggling universe of lived experience from the perspective of the individuals who live it (Greenslade, Elliott, & Mandville-Anstey, 2010, p. E93). Identify strengths and limitations of the study. The one limitation shown within this study was the small sample size that was utilized. Having a small sample size does allow for the study to prove or disprove the theory being studied. One strength of the study was to willingness of the participant and how the researchers utilized various methods of conducting this study by mean of open-ended questions for the woman being interviewed. Describe how the evidence informs nursing practice. The evidence of this study helps to inform the nursing practice that with the proper education and a strong support system will allow for woman with breast cancer same-day surgery to be better equipped to deal with tier diagnosis as well as the means to recuperate after such an intensive type surgery. Helping these patients to prepare themselves for surgery and teaching them the various routes of preadmission is vital. In addition, timing is always of the essences. Furthermore, educating family and others of the patient with breast cancer proves to be an essential part of recovery for the patient. Not to mention, evidence on community health nursing intervention is also key for the nursing practice. It provides another outlet for patient to gain outside support if they are troublesome of receiving support from friends and family. Last but not least, evidence shows that teaching coping skills can better prepare patients as well as the nurse practice when helping same-day breast cancer surgery patients. Evidence Based Nursing and Research 1 Evidence Based Nursing and Research Nefertiti Aziz Western Governors University June 19, 2016 Evidence Based Nursing and Research 2 The experiences of black fathers concerning support for their wives/partners during labor: A Systematic Review of Quantitative Studies A1 Quantitative Article: Rosich-Medina, A., & Shetty, A. (2007). Paternal experiences of pregnancy and labour. British journal of midwifery, 15(2), 66. Background or Introduction The researchers present a purpose statement on the research topic with clarity and in an unambiguous manner. He acknowledges the difference that exists between fathers who witness their wives in labor and those who never had such an experience. The article identifies a scenario in illustration of the impact father’s presence to the mother during the delivery process. Finally, the author brings the reader into the knowledge of the research context, specifying that the research was done in an immediate context in particular labor wards of specific private and public provincial hospital (Rosich-Medina, 2007). Review of the Literature The author presents the literature review after the introduction of research methods. In the literature review, the author cites fifteen reviewed journal articles. On the theoretical base, the psychological influence of the father’s presence is examined. The evidence used in this part are dated 2007 to 2011. The evidence on the emotional impact on the mother by the father’s presence is dated 2008. The literature review on this journal gives a comprehensive basis for conducting the study. In so doing, relevant pieces of evidence are presented. In additional, the hypothesis and rationale for the study are present (RosichMedina, 2007). Quantitative research that has health care implications. Discussion of Methodology On the method section, the article outlines clearly how the research methods were designed. The study is contextual in nature, and phenomenological methods of data collection were used. The article also specifies the reason for the selection of private and provisional public hospitals. The researchers organized their research to form populations and samples fathers were divided into two groups of five where the first group included fathers from the private hospitals and had been present during labor. The second group had fathers from the provisional hospital and had not been present during labor. Tape recording devices were used in the gathering of the data during the interview of the two groups of samples after assuring them that their anonymity would be maintained (Rosich-Medina, 2007). Evidence Based Nursing and Research 2 Data Analysis The researchers collected data from a total of ten fathers, five who had their wives deliver in private hospitals in their presence and five who had their wives in provisional hospitals in their absence. Another interview followed the next day on of the mother’s post-partum period after suitable arrangements with respondents. Kerlinger’s methods of data analysis were used in the analysis of the data where the researcher and a qualified nursing researcher carried out an independent analysis of the transcript. Additionally, the researcher explains how they ensured credibility and trustworthiness of the data. Trustworthiness was observed during analysis by the use of the model of Lincoln and Guba Strydom. On the other hand, peer examination and member checking were used in the enhancement of credibility (Rosich-Medina, 2007). Researcher’s Conclusion The research reports the findings in a concise manner. A clear outline of both the positive and the negative results are clearly stated as found out found the research. Besides, the researcher brings to light that the study was based on a sample data from a larger population. The assumption of the research is that the findings of the investigation samples can be included to the larger community. However, the researcher has not limited further research on the topic (RosichMedina, 2007). 2. Critique whether the evidence presented in each section of the journal article supports the researcher’s conclusion. The evidence provided in different sections of the article supports the conclusions. For instance, the researcher makes a finding that the presence of the father during labor yielded positively by strengthening the bond between the mother, the child and the father. The conclusion can be supported by the data obtained on fathers who were present during labor of their wives through the feeling and experience they gained. Four out of five men helped their wives and expression they give shows that the bonds between them, the mother and the child were stronger for seeing all the pain that the mother had to go through (Rosich-Medina, 2007). Evidence Based Nursing and Research 3 Quantitative research that has health care implications. Explain the protection of human subjects and cultural considerations of the journal article. The journal article has evidence of protection of human rights and cultural considerations. The researchers conduct research on two groups of fathers with a total of ten samples. In the interview process, the interviewers are made aware that the interview is going to be recorded for further analysis. The right to the kind of interview and purpose of the interview does not breach the human rights. Additionally, the identity of the interviewees is kept anonymous. Cultural considerations are also observed because a sample of the interviewed black fathers who were not present during the labor of the mothers attributed that as a taboo. They explained that that would be a taboo. At least three out of five men claimed that their cultures could not allow them to witness their wives delivering although there was nothing wrong with that. Therefore, cultural considerations also reveal in the research (Rosich-Medina, 2007). 4. Identify strengths and limitations of the study. The results indicated high reliability on the information obtained because there was a negligible statistical difference on the results. The research also controlled the occurrence of errors by Quantitative research that has health care implications.

  • Strategies to Maintain Comfort for the Elderly Suffering From Chronic Diseases

    Strategies to Maintain Comfort for the Elderly Suffering From Chronic Diseases

    Identify two strategies you can implement to provide comfort to maintain function with an ethnically diverse older adult with a chronic disease? This can be nutrition, ADLs, exercise, etc.

    Citations should conform to APA guidelines.

     

    Most of the senior citizens in the United States suffer from at least one chronic disease. Around 80 percent of the elderly suffer from a chronic disease and 50 percent have been diagnosed with a chronic disease (Dowell, Haegerich, & Chou, 2016). Therefore counter measures to deal with chronic diseases should be highly prioritized as this population of the elderly continues to grow. This paper explores regular medical checkups and adopting healthy life style as most favorable strategies that can be undertaken while dealing with ethnically diverse elderly patients suffering from a chronic disease in a bid to Maintain Comfort. Strategies to Maintain Comfort for the Elderly Suffering From Chronic Diseases.

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    Regular medical checks

    Most chronic diseases are life threating if not detected early or managed properly for the individuals already suffering from them. Therefore attention should be given to patients as many may be hesitant to pointing out any physical problem that they might be experiencing. Regular prostrate, breast, cervical and cancer screenings, diabetes and cholesterol tests should be focused on (Wiley et al., 2015). Moreover, professional observation on any physical, mental and past behaviors may also aid in giving clues about a present condition. These observations can be highly relied to combat the disease as many elderly citizens especially those suffering from dementia have a tendency of losing track time and forgetting past events.

    Practicing a healthy lifestyle

    Healthy lifestyle ranges from healthy eating, regular exercise and avoiding drugs and substance abuse, is an adequate strategy in management of chronic illness among the elderly while the elderly with chronic conditions may not be able to get around well especially in cases involving arthritis, partial paralysis, they should be encouraged to exercise. Strategies to Maintain Comfort for the Elderly Suffering From Chronic Diseases. When they can, they should be encouraged to use a stationary bike, soft rubber exercise balls or balloons for stretching or throwing back and forth, and any other exercise deemed appropriate including taking a walk. Patients should also be encouraged to take healthy and balanced diets, have enough sleep, and avoid stress moreover monitoring of prescribed medication should also be prioritized (Burgio, Gaugler, & Hilgeman, 2016).

    References

    Burgio, L. D., Gaugler, J. E., & Hilgeman, M. M. (Eds.). (2016). 
    The spectrum of family caregiving for adults and elders with chronic illness
    . Oxford University Press.

    Dowell, D., Haegerich, T. M., & Chou, R. (2016). CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain—United States, 2016. 
    Jama
    , 
    315
    (15), 1624-1645.

    Wiley, J. A., Rittenhouse, D. R., Shortell, S. M., Casalino, L. P., Ramsay, P. P., Bibi, S., & Alexander, J. A. (2015). Managing chronic illness: physician practices increased the use of care management and medical home processes. 
    Health Affairs
    , 
    34
    (1), 78-86. Strategies to Maintain Comfort for the Elderly Suffering From Chronic Diseases.

  • Obesity in Texas Community Assignment

    Obesity in Texas Community Assignment

    In Texas, there are some challenges that face different communities especially health related issues. Therefore, the most common significant challenges in the communities include obesity, drug and substance abuse and maternal health. These are the most significant challenges that are highly inhibiting the ability of the Texas communities to reach the required health levels. Therefore, this paper will provide a significant understanding of obesity as the major source of health concern in Texas. Obesity in Texas Community Assignment. These will include a significant understanding of important service facilities that play a huge role in the provision of health-related data and information.

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    The growing prevalence of obesity amongst adults and children is a major public health challenge both nationally and internationally. Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of developing a range of other health problems such as coronary heart disease (CHD), type 2 diabetes, some cancers, and stroke and reduce life expectation. The concerns of obesity are not limited to the direct impact on health. Overweight and obesity also have adverse social consequences through perception, social exclusion and loss of or lower earnings, and adverse consequences on the wider economy through, for example, working days lost and increased benefit payments (Loue and Quill, 2013). Obesity in Texas Community Assignment.

    Obesity is a common complex disorder that involves the presence of excessive amount of fat in the body. The rate at which obesity in children is rising faster to have caught the attention of health care professionals, childhood advocates and parents all over the world. Obese children have their weight above the normal average weight and are not proportional to their age and height. The incidences of obesity in children tend to increase with age. Boys are said to be obese if their body fat is way above thirty-two percent while girls are obese if their total body fat is more than twenty-five percent.

    Therefore, despite being a national health concern, childhood obesity is a growing problem in Texas. The national survey of Children’s health affirms that 32.2% of Texas children are overweight and obese which is significantly higher than the national average. This very serious issue is supposed to be effectively considered to ensure that there are better health relations among both children and adults in Texas. Obesity in Texas Community Assignment. The increased prevalence of obesity among both children and adults in Texas is thus as a result of various factors, which include the most significant, being the lifestyle that is adopted by many individuals within Texas communities (Springer et.al, 2015.)

    Obesity is becoming a world crisis since in every country the number of individuals with obesity complications is greatly increasing every single year. The increased obesity population rates can be attributed mainly to poor eating habits and inadequate or lack of exercises that are supposed to keep the body energetic hence eliminating the extra fats that accumulate in the systems. Different countries are in advanced stages in fighting against this complication that is fast derailing the economic and social development of the first world countries all over the globe. Previously obesity was strictly termed as rich nation diseases, but it has since circulated to all individuals regardless of how or where they come from (Dooyema et.al, 2013). Obesity in Texas Community Assignment.

    Different researches are being carried out with the main task of unfolding how obesity can be controlled at early stages since it usually develops during the ages of development when an individual is still very young. These researchers are majorly capped by favorable government policy that is put in place with the aim of combating the growth of obesity and also sensitizing citizens at large on how to lead a healthy lifestyle as well. The main method on how obesity can be controlled is by ensuring that children from an early age participate in physical exercises. By doing this, they can use the extra fat that tends to lie in the lower part of the heart bring many complications to patients. Most people with obesity disorder suffer from heart-related complications. This is due to the effect the extra oil and fats has on the human body. These researchers, therefore, focus on important data that is obtained from various service facilities within our communities.

    Foods with high amounts of fats and sugar and fewer vitamins is a contributor. This results in the presence of many accumulated fats in the body. The body tends to use a given rate of energy produced in the body, and the rest is just a waste if an individual has no ways by which the excess energy, it accumulates in the body and causes many discomforts to the individuals. Many of the food industries normally deal with already processed foodstuffs where many food additives. Also, because they are cheaper than the natural food that is more important to the body. This has led to the over-consumption of this diets which are unhealthy to individuals yet they go on to consume unknowingly (Ory et.al, 2013). Obesity in Texas Community Assignment.

    Within my community, obesity is a significant health concern especially because individuals have adopted certain lifestyles that do not promote better nutritional levels among individuals. There are a significant number of facilities within the community that have significant information relating to obesity and its prevalence. Obesity in Texas Community Assignment. They include the health department, department of human and social services, crisis childcare center, community center, American Red Cross and the emergency management director.

    The interaction with these service providers was able to provide significant information relating to common issues, prevalence and the best way obesity in the community can be successful controlled. All these organizations are concerned with the wellbeing of the community especially with health issues and ensuring that there is better engagement in health issues within the community. Thus, the target population of these service providers includes all community members since they are parties of interest. The wellbeing of the community members is a responsibility of this service provider organization and have significant information concerning obesity at different levels in the society (Hoelscher et.al, 2014) Obesity in Texas Community Assignment.

    These organizations are found almost everywhere within the community, and thus it is much easier to know their presence. Most of these organizations work hand in hand with federal agencies, which in turn play a significant role in ensuring that there is better information, which can be considered in different cases. Thus, most of their advertisement strategy is mostly implemented by the national agencies.  Most of these facilities are non-profit generating companies, which makes it easier to focus on quality data collection relating to different health concerns within the community.

    Barriers to effective service delivery always exist, and they can be found in different levels. Most family members are not putting into much consideration the importance of regular checkups, which create a very different environment thus making it very difficult for these service agencies to obtain any significant information relating to obesity. This makes it difficult to have better information involving obesity prevalence within the community. Obesity in Texas Community Assignment.

    These service facilities are easily accessible and operate free toll numbers, which are easily accessible all day long in case of emergency. This has been able to help many extreme obesity cases where community members develop significant health complications such as cardio- vascular disease due to excess fats around the heart area.  Thus to improve the engagement between these facilities staff and the community member’s language has been a significant integral element providing better relations within the community.

    References

    Dooyema, C. A., Belay, B., Foltz, J. L., Williams, N., & Blanck, H. M. (2013). 
    The childhood obesity research demonstration project: A comprehensive community approach to reduce childhood obesity.
     Childhood Obesity, 9 (5), 454-459.

    Hoelscher, D. M., Butte, N. F., & Barlow, S. (2014). 
    A systems approach to childhood obesity prevention and treatment: The Texas Child Obesity Research Demonstration (TX CORD) project.
    Child Obes, 11, 71-91. Obesity in Texas Community Assignment.

    Loue, S., & Quill, B. E. (Eds.). (2013). 
    Handbook of rural health
    . Springer Science & Business Media.

    Ory, M. G., Nichols, D., Dickerson, J. B., Madsen, K. K., Dowdy, D. M., Menendez, T., & Hoelscher, D. M. (2013). 
    Creating a tipping point: Texas obesity policy actions in review, 2000–2010. 
    Progress in community health partnerships: research, education, and action, 7 (4), 419-427.

    Springer, A. E., Li, L., Ranjit, N., Delk, J., Mehta, K., & Kelder, S. H. (2015). 
    School-level economic disadvantage and obesity in middle school children in central Texas, USA: a cross-sectional study.
     International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 12 (1), 1.

    Evaluation Results 2/4/17, 3)50 PM Evaluation Report Evaluation Results Print Do you have a question or need support? Use the E-Care form to contact the WGU E-Care Team for questions or support. E-Care Support Request Form Author: Dona Robert Date Evaluated: 01/11/2017 04:28:16 PM (MST) DRF template: Application of Community Health and Population-Focused Nursing (UG, C228, VWT11215) Program: Application of Community Health and Population-Focused Nursing (UG, C228, VWT11215) Evaluation Method: Using Rubric Display: All Comments Criteria Description Evaluation Summary for App of Comm Health & Pop-Foc. Nurs: VWT Task 1 Final Score: Does not Meet Overall comments: 1/11/17 The prevalence of obesity, substance abuse and maternal health are discussed, with obesity showcased as the highest priority for the community. Barriers and resources to prevention are located and identified in the assessment. Discussion of the major health concern and the relation to Healthy People 2020 goals is not found in the assessment. Detailed Results (Rubric used: VWT Task 1 (1215)) Articulation of Response (clarity, organization, mechanics) (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate provides unsatisfactory articulation of response. The candidate provides weak articulation of response. The candidate provides limited articulation of response. The candidate provides adequate articulation of response. The candidate provides substantial articulation of response. Criterion Score: 4.00 A. Identification of Community https://staffdev.taskstream.com/staff_dev/staff_dev/mentor/eval_re…cph5cqcf&progid=&eid=uffdfq00ayhuh4coh6cvhozq&popup=1&ehs=a_z9eucf Page 1 of 4 Evaluation Results 2/4/17, 3)50 PM (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate does not accurately identify a community for which there is published data available that will support the diagnosis. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. The candidate accurately identifies a community for which there is published data available that will support the diagnosis. Criterion Score: 4.00 B. Assessment of Needs and Risks (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate does not provide an assessment of how each of the tools listed was used in the assessment of the identified community. The candidate provides an assessment, with no detail, of how 1–5 of the tools listed was used in the assessment of the identified community. The candidate provides an assessment, with limited detail, of how each of the 6 tools listed was used in the assessment of the identified community. Obesity in Texas Community Assignment. The candidate provides an assessment, with adequate detail, of how each of the 6 tools listed was used in the assessment of the identified community. The candidate provides an assessment, with substantial detail, of how each of the 6 tools listed was used in the assessment of the identified community. Criterion Score: 4.00 Comments on this criterion: 1/11/17 Each of the six tools is clearly addressed in the assessment B1. Interpretation of Collected Data (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate does not provide a logical interpretation of the collected data using concepts of epidemiology. The candidate provides a logical interpretation, with no detail, of the collected data using concepts of epidemiology. The candidate provides a logical interpretation, with limited detail, of the collected data using concepts of epidemiology. The candidate provides a logical interpretation, with adequate detail, of the collected data using concepts of epidemiology. The candidate provides a logical interpretation, with substantial detail, of the collected data using concepts of epidemiology. Criterion Score: 4.00 C1. Problems in the Selected Community​ (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate does not identify any problems based on the Healthy People 2020 goals for the selected community. Not applicable. The candidate identifies 1–2 top problems based on the Healthy People 2020 goals for the selected Not applicable. The candidate identifies 3 top problems based on the Healthy People 2020 goals for the selected https://staffdev.taskstream.com/staff_dev/staff_dev/mentor/eval_re…ph5cqcf&progid=&eid=uffdfq00ayhuh4coh6cvhozq&popup=1&ehs=a_z9eucf Page 2 of 4 Evaluation Results 2/4/17, 3)50 PM community. community. Criterion Score: 4.00 Comments on this criterion: 1/11/17 Obesity, substance abuse and maternal health are discussed in the assessment. C1a. Problems in Relation to Goals (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate does not provide a logical discussion of the problems in relation to the Healthy People 2020 goals. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with no detail, of the problems in relation to the Healthy People 2020 goals. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with limited detail, of the problems in relation to the Healthy People 2020 goals. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with adequate detail, of the problems in relation to the Healthy People 2020 goals. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with substantial detail, of the problems in relation to the Healthy People 2020 goals. Criterion Score: 0.00 Comments on this criterion: 1/11/17 The health concerns in the community are clearly discussed in the assessment. There is no discussion found highlighting the problem in relation to Healthy People 2020 goals. C2a. Availability of Community Resources​ (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate does not provide a logical discussion of community resources that are available to address the selected problem. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with no detail, of community resources that are available to address the selected problem. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with limited detail, of community resources that are available to address the selected problem. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with adequate detail, of community resources that are available to address the selected problem. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with substantial detail, of community resources that are available to address the selected problem. Criterion Score: 4.00 C3. Primary Prevention Topic​ (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate does not formulate a logical primary prevention topic based on the problem identified in part C2. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. The candidate formulates a logical primary prevention topic based on the problem identified in part C2. (1) 1=Does Not (2) 2=Minimally (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Criterion Score: 4.00 D. Sources (0) https://staffdev.taskstream.com/staff_dev/staff_dev/mentor/eval_re…ph5cqcf&progid=&eid=uffdfq00ayhuh4coh6cvhozq&popup=1&ehs=a_z9eucf Page 3 of 4 Evaluation Results 2/4/17, 3)50 PM 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present Meet Standard Competent The candidate does not provide in-text citations and references. The candidate provides only some intext citations and references. The candidate provides appropriate in-text citations and references with major deviations from APA style. Competent The candidate provides appropriate in-text citations and references with minor deviations from APA style. The candidate provides appropriate in-text citations and references with no readily detectable deviations from APA style. Criterion Score: 4.00 https://staffdev.taskstream.com/staff_dev/staff_dev/mentor/eval_re…ph5cqcf&progid=&eid=uffdfq00ayhuh4coh6cvhozq&popup=1&ehs=a_z9eucf Page 4 of 4 Running head: OBESITY IN TEXAS COMMUNITY Obesity in Texas Community Dona Robert 01/10/2017 1 OBESITY IN TEXAS COMMUNITY 2 In Texas, there are some challenges that face different communities especially health related issues. Therefore, the most common significant challenges in the communities include obesity, drug and substance abuse and maternal health. These are the most significant challenges that are highly inhibiting the ability of the Texas communities to reach the required health levels. Therefore, this paper will provide a significant understanding of obesity as the major source of health concern in Texas. These will include a significant understanding of important service facilities that play a huge role in the provision of health-related data and information. The growing prevalence of obesity amongst adults and children is a major public health challenge both nationally and internationally. Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of developing a range of other health problems such as coronary heart disease (CHD), type 2 diabetes, some cancers, and stroke and reduce life expectation. The concerns of obesity are not limited to the direct impact on health. Overweight and obesity also have adverse social consequences through perception, social exclusion and loss of or lower earnings, and adverse consequences on the wider economy through, for example, working days lost and increased benefit payments (Loue and Quill, 2013). Obesity is a common complex disorder that involves the presence of excessive amount of fat in the body. The rate at which obesity in children is rising faster to have caught the attention of health care professionals, childhood advocates and parents all over the world. Obese children have their weight above the normal average weight and are not proportional to their age and height. Obesity in Texas Community Assignment. The incidences of obesity in children tend to increase with age. Boys are said to be obese if their body fat is way above thirty-two percent while girls are obese if their total body fat is more than twenty-five percent. OBESITY IN TEXAS COMMUNITY 3 Therefore, despite being a national health concern, childhood obesity is a growing problem in Texas. The national survey of Children’s health affirms that 32.2% of Texas children are overweight and obese which is significantly higher than the national average. This very serious issue is supposed to be effectively considered to ensure that there are better health relations among both children and adults in Texas. The increased prevalence of obesity among both children and adults in Texas is thus as a result of various factors, which include the most significant, being the lifestyle that is adopted by many individuals within Texas communities (Springer et.al, 2015.) Obesity is becoming a world crisis since in every country the number of individuals with obesity complications is greatly increasing every single year. The increased obesity population rates can be attributed mainly to poor eating habits and inadequate or lack of exercises that are supposed to keep the body energetic hence eliminating the extra fats that accumulate in the systems. Different countries are in advanced stages in fighting against this complication that is fast derailing the economic and social development of the first world countries all over the globe. Previously obesity was strictly termed as rich nation diseases, but it has since circulated to all individuals regardless of how or where they come from (Dooyema et.al, 2013). Different researches are being carried out with the main task of unfolding how obesity can be controlled at early stages since it usually develops during the ages of development when an individual is still very young. These researchers are majorly capped by favorable government policy that is put in place with the aim of combating the growth of obesity and also sensitizing citizens at large on how to lead a healthy lifestyle as well. The main method on how obesity can be controlled is by ensuring that children from an early age participate in physical exercises. By doing this, they can use the extra fat that tends to lie in the lower part of the heart bring many OBESITY IN TEXAS COMMUNITY 4 complications to patients. Most people with obesity disorder suffer from heart-related complications. This is due to the effect the extra oil and fats has on the human body. These researchers, therefore, focus on important data that is obtained from various service facilities within our communities. Foods with high amounts of fats and sugar and fewer vitamins is a contributor. This results in the presence of many accumulated fats in the body. The body tends to use a given rate of energy produced in the body, and the rest is just a waste if an individual has no ways by which the excess energy, it accumulates in the body and causes many discomforts to the individuals. Many of the food industries normally deal with already processed foodstuffs where many food additives. Also, because they are cheaper than the natural food that is more important to the body. This has led to the over-consumption of this diets which are unhealthy to individuals yet they go on to consume unknowingly (Ory et.al, 2013). Within my community, obesity is a significant health concern especially because individuals have adopted certain lifestyles that do not promote better nutritional levels among individuals. There are a significant number of facilities within the community that have significant information relating to obesity and its prevalence. They include the health department, department of human and social services, crisis childcare center, community center, American Red Cross and the emergency management director. The interaction with these service providers was able to provide significant information relating to common issues, prevalence and the best way obesity in the community can be successful controlled. All these organizations are concerned with the wellbeing of the community especially with health issues and ensuring that there is better engagement in health issues within the community. Thus, the target population of these service providers includes all OBESITY IN TEXAS COMMUNITY 5 community members since they are parties of interest. The wellbeing of the community members is a responsibility of this service provider organization and have significant information concerning obesity at different levels in the society (Hoelscher et.al, 2014). These organizations are found almost everywhere within the community, and thus it is much easier to know their presence. Most of these organizations work hand in hand with federal agencies, which in turn play a significant role in ensuring that there is better information, which can be considered in different cases. Thus, most of their advertisement strategy is mostly implemented by the national agencies. Most of these facilities are non-profit generating companies, which makes it easier to focus on quality data collection relating to different health concerns within the community. Barriers to effective service delivery always exist, and they can be found in different levels. Most family members are not putting into much consideration the importance of regular checkups, which create a very different environment thus making it very difficult for these service agencies to obtain any significant information relating to obesity. This makes it difficult to have better information involving obesity prevalence within the community. These service facilities are easily accessible and operate free toll numbers, which are easily accessible all day long in case of emergency. This has been able to help many extreme obesity cases where community members develop significant health complications such as cardio- vascular disease due to excess fats around the heart area. Thus to improve the engagement between these facilities staff and the community member’s language has been a significant integral element providing better relations within the community. OBESITY IN TEXAS COMMUNITY 6 References Dooyema, C. A., Belay, B., Foltz, J. L., Williams, N., & Blanck, H. M. (2013). The childhood obesity research demonstration project: A comprehensive community approach to reduce childhood obesity. Childhood Obesity, 9 (5), 454-459. Hoelscher, D. M., Butte, N. F., & Barlow, S. (2014). A systems approach to childhood obesity prevention and treatment: The Texas Child Obesity Research Demonstration (TX CORD) project. Child Obes, 11, 71-91. Loue, S., & Quill, B. E. (Eds.). Obesity in Texas Community Assignment. (2013). Handbook of rural health. Springer Science & Business Media. Ory, M. G., Nichols, D., Dickerson, J. B., Madsen, K. K., Dowdy, D. M., Menendez, T., & Hoelscher, D. M. (2013). Creating a tipping point: Texas obesity policy actions in review, 2000–2010. Progress in community health partnerships: research, education, and action, 7 (4), 419-427. Springer, A. E., Li, L., Ranjit, N., Delk, J., Mehta, K., & Kelder, S. H. (2015). School-level economic disadvantage and obesity in middle school children in central Texas, USA: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 12 (1), 1. …

    Evaluation Results 2/4/17, 3)50 PM Evaluation Report Evaluation Results Print Do you have a question or need support? Use the E-Care form to contact the WGU E-Care Team for questions or support. E-Care Support Request Form Author: Dona Robert Date Evaluated: 01/11/2017 04:28:16 PM (MST) DRF template: Application of Community Health and Population-Focused Nursing (UG, C228, VWT11215) Program: Application of Community Health and Population-Focused Nursing (UG, C228, VWT11215) Evaluation Method: Using Rubric Display: All Comments Criteria Description Evaluation Summary for App of Comm Health & Pop-Foc. Nurs: VWT Task 1 Final Score: Does not Meet Overall comments: 1/11/17 The prevalence of obesity, substance abuse and maternal health are discussed, with obesity showcased as the highest priority for the community. Barriers and resources to prevention are located and identified in the assessment. Discussion of the major health concern and the relation to Healthy People 2020 goals is not found in the assessment. Detailed Results (Rubric used: VWT Task 1 (1215)) Articulation of Response (clarity, organization, mechanics) (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate provides unsatisfactory articulation of response. The candidate provides weak articulation of response. The candidate provides limited articulation of response. The candidate provides adequate articulation of response. The candidate provides substantial articulation of response. Criterion Score: 4.00 A. Identification of Community https://staffdev.taskstream.com/staff_dev/staff_dev/mentor/eval_re…cph5cqcf&progid=&eid=uffdfq00ayhuh4coh6cvhozq&popup=1&ehs=a_z9eucf Page 1 of 4 Evaluation Results 2/4/17, 3)50 PM (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate does not accurately identify a community for which there is published data available that will support the diagnosis. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. The candidate accurately identifies a community for which there is published data available that will support the diagnosis. Criterion Score: 4.00 B. Assessment of Needs and Risks (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate does not provide an assessment of how each of the tools listed was used in the assessment of the identified community. The candidate provides an assessment, with no detail, of how 1–5 of the tools listed was used in the assessment of the identified community. The candidate provides an assessment, with limited detail, of how each of the 6 tools listed was used in the assessment of the identified community. The candidate provides an assessment, with adequate detail, of how each of the 6 tools listed was used in the assessment of the identified community. The candidate provides an assessment, with substantial detail, of how each of the 6 tools listed was used in the assessment of the identified community. Criterion Score: 4.00 Comments on this criterion: 1/11/17 Each of the six tools is clearly addressed in the assessment B1. Interpretation of Collected Data (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate does not provide a logical interpretation of the collected data using concepts of epidemiology. The candidate provides a logical interpretation, with no detail, of the collected data using concepts of epidemiology. The candidate provides a logical interpretation, with limited detail, of the collected data using concepts of epidemiology. The candidate provides a logical interpretation, with adequate detail, of the collected data using concepts of epidemiology. The candidate provides a logical interpretation, with substantial detail, of the collected data using concepts of epidemiology. Criterion Score: 4.00 C1. Problems in the Selected Community​ (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate does not identify any problems based on the Healthy People 2020 goals for the selected community. Not applicable. The candidate identifies 1–2 top problems based on the Healthy People 2020 goals for the selected Not applicable. The candidate identifies 3 top problems based on the Healthy People 2020 goals for the selected https://staffdev.taskstream.com/staff_dev/staff_dev/mentor/eval_re…ph5cqcf&progid=&eid=uffdfq00ayhuh4coh6cvhozq&popup=1&ehs=a_z9eucf Page 2 of 4 Evaluation Results 2/4/17, 3)50 PM community. community. Criterion Score: 4.00 Comments on this criterion: 1/11/17 Obesity, substance abuse and maternal health are discussed in the assessment. C1a. Problems in Relation to Goals (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate does not provide a logical discussion of the problems in relation to the Healthy People 2020 goals. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with no detail, of the problems in relation to the Healthy People 2020 goals. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with limited detail, of the problems in relation to the Healthy People 2020 goals. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with adequate detail, of the problems in relation to the Healthy People 2020 goals. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with substantial detail, of the problems in relation to the Healthy People 2020 goals. Obesity in Texas Community Assignment. Criterion Score: 0.00 Comments on this criterion: 1/11/17 The health concerns in the community are clearly discussed in the assessment. There is no discussion found highlighting the problem in relation to Healthy People 2020 goals. C2a. Availability of Community Resources​ (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate does not provide a logical discussion of community resources that are available to address the selected problem. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with no detail, of community resources that are available to address the selected problem. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with limited detail, of community resources that are available to address the selected problem. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with adequate detail, of community resources that are available to address the selected problem. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with substantial detail, of community resources that are available to address the selected problem. Criterion Score: 4.00 C3. Primary Prevention Topic​ (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate does not formulate a logical primary prevention topic based on the problem identified in part C2. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. The candidate formulates a logical primary prevention topic based on the problem identified in part C2. (1) 1=Does Not (2) 2=Minimally (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Criterion Score: 4.00 D. Sources (0) https://staffdev.taskstream.com/staff_dev/staff_dev/mentor/eval_re…ph5cqcf&progid=&eid=uffdfq00ayhuh4coh6cvhozq&popup=1&ehs=a_z9eucf Page 3 of 4 Evaluation Results 2/4/17, 3)50 PM 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present Meet Standard Competent The candidate does not provide in-text citations and references. The candidate provides only some intext citations and references. The candidate provides appropriate in-text citations and references with major deviations from APA style. Competent The candidate provides appropriate in-text citations and references with minor deviations from APA style. The candidate provides appropriate in-text citations and references with no readily detectable deviations from APA style. Criterion Score: 4.00 https://staffdev.taskstream.com/staff_dev/staff_dev/mentor/eval_re…ph5cqcf&progid=&eid=uffdfq00ayhuh4coh6cvhozq&popup=1&ehs=a_z9eucf Page 4 of 4 Running head: OBESITY IN TEXAS COMMUNITY Obesity in Texas Community Dona Robert 01/10/2017 1 OBESITY IN TEXAS COMMUNITY 2 In Texas, there are some challenges that face different communities especially health related issues. Therefore, the most common significant challenges in the communities include obesity, drug and substance abuse and maternal health. These are the most significant challenges that are highly inhibiting the ability of the Texas communities to reach the required health levels. Therefore, this paper will provide a significant understanding of obesity as the major source of health concern in Texas. These will include a significant understanding of important service facilities that play a huge role in the provision of health-related data and information. The growing prevalence of obesity amongst adults and children is a major public health challenge both nationally and internationally. Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of developing a range of other health problems such as coronary heart disease (CHD), type 2 diabetes, some cancers, and stroke and reduce life expectation. The concerns of obesity are not limited to the direct impact on health. Overweight and obesity also have adverse social consequences through perception, social exclusion and loss of or lower earnings, and adverse consequences on the wider economy through, for example, working days lost and increased benefit payments (Loue and Quill, 2013). Obesity is a common complex disorder that involves the presence of excessive amount of fat in the body. The rate at which obesity in children is rising faster to have caught the attention of health care professionals, childhood advocates and parents all over the world. Obese children have their weight above the normal average weight and are not proportional to their age and height Obesity in Texas Community Assignment. The incidences of obesity in children tend to increase with age. Boys are said to be obese if their body fat is way above thirty-two percent while girls are obese if their total body fat is more than twenty-five percent. OBESITY IN TEXAS COMMUNITY 3 Therefore, despite being a national health concern, childhood obesity is a growing problem in Texas. The national survey of Children’s health affirms that 32.2% of Texas children are overweight and obese which is significantly higher than the national average. This very serious issue is supposed to be effectively considered to ensure that there are better health relations among both children and adults in Texas. The increased prevalence of obesity among both children and adults in Texas is thus as a result of various factors, which include the most significant, being the lifestyle that is adopted by many individuals within Texas communities (Springer et.al, 2015.) Obesity is becoming a world crisis since in every country the number of individuals with obesity complications is greatly increasing every single year. The increased obesity population rates can be attributed mainly to poor eating habits and inadequate or lack of exercises that are supposed to keep the body energetic hence eliminating the extra fats that accumulate in the systems. Different countries are in advanced stages in fighting against this complication that is fast derailing the economic and social development of the first world countries all over the globe. Previously obesity was strictly termed as rich nation diseases, but it has since circulated to all individuals regardless of how or where they come from (Dooyema et.al, 2013). Different researches are being carried out with the main task of unfolding how obesity can be controlled at early stages since it usually develops during the ages of development when an individual is still very young. These researchers are majorly capped by favorable government policy that is put in place with the aim of combating the growth of obesity and also sensitizing citizens at large on how to lead a healthy lifestyle as well. The main method on how obesity can be controlled is by ensuring that children from an early age participate in physical exercises. By doing this, they can use the extra fat that tends to lie in the lower part of the heart bring many OBESITY IN TEXAS COMMUNITY 4 complications to patients. Most people with obesity disorder suffer from heart-related complications. This is due to the effect the extra oil and fats has on the human body. These researchers, therefore, focus on important data that is obtained from various service facilities within our communities. Foods with high amounts of fats and sugar and fewer vitamins is a contributor. This results in the presence of many accumulated fats in the body. The body tends to use a given rate of energy produced in the body, and the rest is just a waste if an individual has no ways by which the excess energy, it accumulates in the body and causes many discomforts to the individuals. Many of the food industries normally deal with already processed foodstuffs where many food additives. Also, because they are cheaper than the natural food that is more important to the body. This has led to the over-consumption of this diets which are unhealthy to individuals yet they go on to consume unknowingly (Ory et.al, 2013). Within my community, obesity is a significant health concern especially because individuals have adopted certain lifestyles that do not promote better nutritional levels among individuals. There are a significant number of facilities within the community that have significant information relating to obesity and its prevalence. They include the health department, department of human and social services, crisis childcare center, community center, American Red Cross and the emergency management director. The interaction with these service providers was able to provide significant information relating to common issues, prevalence and the best way obesity in the community can be successful controlled. All these organizations are concerned with the wellbeing of the community especially with health issues and ensuring that there is better engagement in health issues within the community. Thus, the target population of these service providers includes all OBESITY IN TEXAS COMMUNITY 5 community members since they are parties of interest. The wellbeing of the community members is a responsibility of this service provider organization and have significant information concerning obesity at different levels in the society (Hoelscher et.al, 2014). These organizations are found almost everywhere within the community, and thus it is much easier to know their presence. Most of these organizations work hand in hand with federal agencies, which in turn play a significant role in ensuring that there is better information, which can be considered in different cases. Thus, most of their advertisement strategy is mostly implemented by the national agencies. Most of these facilities are non-profit generating companies, which makes it easier to focus on quality data collection relating to different health concerns within the community. Barriers to effective service delivery always exist, and they can be found in different levels. Most family members are not putting into much consideration the importance of regular checkups, which create a very different environment thus making it very difficult for these service agencies to obtain any significant information relating to obesity. Obesity in Texas Community Assignment. This makes it difficult to have better information involving obesity prevalence within the community. These service facilities are easily accessible and operate free toll numbers, which are easily accessible all day long in case of emergency. This has been able to help many extreme obesity cases where community members develop significant health complications such as cardio- vascular disease due to excess fats around the heart area. Thus to improve the engagement between these facilities staff and the community member’s language has been a significant integral element providing better relations within the community. OBESITY IN TEXAS COMMUNITY 6 References Dooyema, C. A., Belay, B., Foltz, J. L., Williams, N., & Blanck, H. M. (2013). The childhood obesity research demonstration project: A comprehensive community approach to reduce childhood obesity. Childhood Obesity, 9 (5), 454-459. Hoelscher, D. M., Butte, N. F., & Barlow, S. (2014). A systems approach to childhood obesity prevention and treatment: The Texas Child Obesity Research Demonstration (TX CORD) project. Child Obes, 11, 71-91. Loue, S., & Quill, B. E. (Eds.). (2013). Handbook of rural health. Springer Science & Business Media. Ory, M. G., Nichols, D., Dickerson, J. B., Madsen, K. K., Dowdy, D. M., Menendez, T., & Hoelscher, D. M. (2013). Creating a tipping point: Texas obesity policy actions in review, 2000–2010. Progress in community health partnerships: research, education, and action, 7 (4), 419-427. Springer, A. E., Li, L., Ranjit, N., Delk, J., Mehta, K., & Kelder, S. H. (2015). School-level economic disadvantage and obesity in middle school children in central Texas, USA: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 12 (1), 1.Obesity in Texas Community Assignment.

  • NSG 6435 Week 7 Full Assignments – iHuman case titled Tommy Acker, Child Abuse

    NSG 6435 Week 7 Full Assignments – iHuman case titled Tommy Acker, Child Abuse

    Assignment 1: Comprehensive Case Study

    General Guidelines for Comprehensive Case Study – Week 7 Assignment 1

    Your case study should not be just a SOAP note of a patient encounter—it should be a

    comprehensive evaluation of an iHuman patient case.

    You will complete a Comprehensive SOAP note on the approved Pediatric SOAP Note template

    based on the findings of the iHuman case – then major research and discussion of the disease

    process are presented. NSG 6435 Week 7 Full Assignments – iHuman case titled Tommy Acker, Child Abuse.

    This case study should be a summative evaluation supported by a minimum of 5 evidence-

    based articles.

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    Evaluation of the case study should be no more than 3-4 substantive paragraphs.A minimum of

    five evidence-based sources (in addition to your text) should be used for your case study.

    Course texts will not count as a scholarly source; if using data from websites you must go back

    to the literature source for the information-no secondary sources are allowed, ie, Medscape,

    UptoDate, etc.

    This week, complete the iHuman case titled “Tommy Acker, Child Abuse”.Click here for

    information on how to access and navigate iHuman.

    Name your SOAP note document SU_NSG6435_W7_A1_lastname_firstinitial.doc

    i-Human

    i-Human is an interactive cloud based system that provides comprehensive learning that

    integrates clinical experience.The i-Human system helps students develop patient assessment

    and diagnostic reasoning skills at various levels of education.Students will receive online

    guidance, feedback, and coaching during the learning process.

    Student Login Instructions for NSG 6435 Week 7 Full Assignments – iHuman case titled Tommy Acker, Child Abuse

    Logging in to i-Human:

    Log on at:

    http://toolmanagement.next.ecollege.com/tools/thirdparty/blti.ed?launch=LS:iHuman:Patients

    Next Steps:

    1) If you were unable to attend a Student Orientation Webinar, please watch this introduction

    video: https://vimeo.com/185046053/228aea3fc9

    2) Additional tutorial videos can be found on the i-Human home screen under the title “Player

    Screencast Tutorials”

    3) After attending the webinar or viewing the tutorial you are ready for your first practice

    case.

    4) The i-Human Student Support Center (link on the home screen under the videos) is a

    resource for our most frequently asked questions.The Student Manual is also located here.

    5) If you are having any issues that are not answered through the webinars, videos or support

    center, you can email: NSG 6435 Week 7 Full Assignments – iHuman case titled Tommy Acker, Child Abuse

    NSG 6435 Week 7

    W7 Assignment 2 Latest SU

    Assignment 2: SOAP Note

    Each week, you are required to enter your patient encounters into eMedley.Your faculty will be

    checking to ensure you are seeing the right number and mix of patients for a good learning

    experience.You will also need to include a minimum of one complete SOAP note using the

    Pediatric SOAP Note template.The SOAP note should be related to the content covered in this

    week, and the completed note should be submitted to the Dropbox.When submitting your

    note, be sure to include the reference number from eMedley.

    Submission Details:

    enter your patient encounters into eMedley and complete at least one SOAP note in the

    template provided. NSG 6435 Week 7 Full Assignments – iHuman case titled Tommy Acker, Child Abuse.

    Name your SOAP note document SU_NSG6435_W7_A2_LastName_FirstInitial.doc.

    Include the reference number from eMedley in your document. NSG 6435 Week 7 Full Assignments – iHuman case titled Tommy Acker, Child Abuse.

  • Cystic Fibrosis Pathophysiology

    Cystic Fibrosis Pathophysiology

    Pathophysiology – Cystic Fibrosis

    DISCUSSION ONE

    Find an article on a genetic disorder (use article above about Cystic Fibrosis), and

    1.1. Summarize in two or three paragraphs the genetic component causing the disorder and any         multifactorial inheritance components that may contribute to the disorder.

    Cystic fibrosis is a genetically inherited disease to imply that its cause has a genetic component. In fact, the disease expression is linked to the CFTR gene whereby two parents with the carrier genes will produce an offspring that inherits both carrier genes thus expressing the disease. Having one faulty gene identifies the individual as a carrier whereby the disease is not expressed. The disease is only expressed if two faulty genes are inherited, one from each parent. Population estimates postulate that 3.2% of the US population are cystic fibrosis carriers who will not express the symptoms associated with the disease (Cleveland Clinic, 2018). As such, homozygosity for the faulty CFTR gene results in cystic fibrosis expressing as a phenotype Cystic Fibrosis Pathophysiology.

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    1.2. Discuss the usual age of disease onset and if the sex-specific threshold model fits the disorder.

    Unlike other medical ailments that may show age- or sex-specific peculiarities, cystic fibrosis can occur at any age and occurs equally in both males and females. To be more succinct, the genes that cause the disease are not impacted by gender. This is explained by the fact that the genes causing the disease must be inherited from both the mother and father who are carriers. Still, it must be noted that gender variations exist for symptoms presentation. In fact, females who present the disease at a young age have trouble with meeting growth milestones and experience more breathing related problems when compared to their male counterparts. Additionally, the females live for four years fewer than their male counterparts. Besides that, females who begin presenting disease symptoms while under 20 years of age present 60% mortality (owing to disease complications) when compared to their male counterparts. The implication is that males with the disorder have a greater advantage when compared to females with the disorder (Acton, 2013) Cystic Fibrosis Pathophysiology.

    1.3. What education could you present to high-risk patients to reduce the risk of disease onset if a multifactorial component exists.

    High risk patients must understand that other than genetics, multifactorial components may exist in the environment to affect disease onset. For instance, the presence of certain ailments or a particular climate could speed up the disease onset. As such, it is important for the patient to identify all the multifactorial components that could influence disease onset then control these components to reduce the risk of disease onset. For instance, if a particular climate could speed up disease onset, then the patient should identify a climate that reduces that onset (Quinn, de Paor & Blanck, 2015).

    DISCUSSION QUESTION 2

    Genetic screening has become widely available to the public including prenatal screening of the fetus in utero to screening adults for genetic disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease and breast cancer.

    2.1. Share your thoughts on the legal, ethical, and social implications that may be related to genetic screening.

    Although genetic screening has improved the medical management of genetic disorders, it has legal, ethical and social implications. Firstly, it raises the question of how the screening information should be handled in terms of confidentiality and access. This is an important concern since this information can be used inappropriately Cystic Fibrosis Pathophysiology. For instance, insurers and employers can use the information to discriminate against persons whose genetic profile identify them as being high risk individuals. Secondly, the screening presents some social concerns, particularly when the patient is turned into a second-class citizen and victimized because of having a particular genetic anomaly. Finally, it presents an ethical concern when the test results are used to influence reproduction decisions such as getting an abortion (McCance et al., 2013).

    2.2. How would you educate your patient that is considering having genetic screening?

    Any patient considering genetic screening should first understand what the screening entails. It is useful when the family history identifies the patient as being at risk for an inborn condition. In this case, the patient should understand that genetic screening can act as a confirmatory test so that the patient gets to prepare for any eventualities. This is particularly true when the disease onset is dependent on multifactorial components. By conducting the test, the patient can confirm the presence of the disease and control the multifactorial components to reduce the risk of disease onset (McCance et al., 2013).

    References

    Acton, A. (2013). 
    Cystic fibrosis: new insights for the healthcare professional
    (2013 Edition). Atlanta, GA: ScholarlyEditions.

    Cleveland Clinic (2018).
    Cystic Fibrosis
    . Retrieved from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9358-cystic-fibrosis

    McCance, K. L., Huether, S. E., Brashers, V. L. & Rote, N. S. (2013). 
    Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children
     (7
    th
    ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier.

    Quinn, G., de Paor, A. & Blanck, P. (2015).
    Genetic discrimination: transatlantic perspectives on the case for a European-level legal response
    . New York, NY: Routledge Cystic Fibrosis Pathophysiology

  • Designer baby – scalisi vs. ny univ. medical center

    Designer Baby (Scalisi vs. NY Univ. Medical Center, p. 429)

    Why was the basis of the parent’s argument that they were not bound by the written contract in the Scalisi et al. v. New York University Medical Center case?

     

    The basis for the Scalisi’s (the parent’s) argument was that prior to signing the written contract with NY Univ. Medical Center, they entered into an oral contract. The Scalisi’s argued that they were not bound by the executed written contract, due to a breach of oral contract on the part of NY Univ. Medical Center. The Scalisi’s claim in the oral contract made with them, they were assured that by impregnating Mrs. Scalisi instead of a surrogate, their child would not be free of autism. This was a huge risk and concern for the Scalisi’s family because the mother (wife) has a family history of autism.

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    How did the court rule and what was the reasoning for that decision.

     

    In this case, the court ruled to dismiss the Scalisi’s claim of a breach of contract, the Scalisi’s failed to prove any compensatory damages that are required for a breach of contract claim. The court states further that redundant where a case sounds in medical malpractice, a breach of contract is legally terminated, unless the plaintiff can prove the defendant specifically promised to effect a cure or a definite result, the Scalisi’s did not prove that to be true. The court also reasons that they do not take into consideration any possible prior oral contracts that alters or contradicts the written agreement, per the parole evidence rule Designer baby – scalisi vs. ny univ. medical center. The parole evidence rule makes inadmissible any oral contracts or evidence made prior to a written agreement that is intended to be the complete and final version of the parties’ agreement.

     

    Do you agree or disagree. Why or why not?

     

    I agree with the ruling of the court. Written contracts are meant to be the finalized version of an agreement; if the Scalisi’s entered into an oral contract with NY Univ. Medical Center, they should not have signed the written contract because it didn’t state the terms of their oral contract. The Scalisi’s had options; they could have not signed the written contract as it was presented to them, they could have negotiated the terms to have the written contract amended, and if that failed they could have gone to another hospital that agreed to have their oral contract terms added to a written contract Designer baby – scalisi vs. ny univ. medical center.

     

     

    Have you ever entered into an oral contract? Discuss.

     

    I have not entered in any oral contract with anyone when it comes to business or family matters. Since I am the only provider for my family (my daughter and I), my goal is to make sure that I don’t write checks or oral contracts that my mouth cannot cash. My father always make sure that I am careful with budget and stay within my allowance. Designer baby – scalisi vs. ny univ. medical center.