Tag: Clinical-Nursing

Jean Watson Human caring nursing theory essay Examples

Watson’s theory of human caring

Nursing has drastically changed over the last one hundred years. It has grown because nurses care about the health and well-being of their patients. Throughout history, nurses have made an impact on the care that patients have received. Caring is the root of nursing. Jean Watson created a nursing theory to guide nursing in their caring for patients. Nursing is not just a set of skills, and caring is the basic component of nursing.

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Watson created the theory of human caring to guide nursing in caring for human beings. “Watson’s theory of human caring focuses on the human component of caring and the moment-to-moment encounters between the one who is caring and the one who is being cared for, especially the caring activities performed by nurses as they interact with others” (Fawcett, 2002). Caring has been the basis of nursing for generations. However, not everyone learns to care truly. Watson’s theory was created to guide nurses to developing a caring attitude. Watson’s theory places high regard on life and dignity. Nursing allows for growth and development of a person. Who a person is and who the person will become Jean Watson Human caring nursing theory essay Examples. Watson’s theory creates a holistic approach to nursing care and “promotes health better than a simple cure” (Nursing Theory, 2013). The three major elements of Watson’s theory are carative factors, transpersonal caring relationship, and the caring moment (Lukose, 2011).

The carative factors are concepts that satisfy human needs. According to Nursing Theory (2013) ”Watson’s 10 carative factors are: forming humanistic-altruistic value systems, instilling faith-hope, cultivating a sensitivity to self and others, developing a helping-trust relationship, promoting an expression of feelings, using problem-solving for decision-making, promoting teaching-learning, promoting a supportive environment, assisting with gratification of human needs, and allowing for existential-phenomenological forces” (para. 9). The first three of these caritas are the basis for Watson’s theory. The other seven are created from the first three. These caritas allow the nurse to treat the patient as a whole and to explore his or herself in the process. Jean Watson Human caring nursing theory essay Examples These guidelines allow nurses to first meet the basic needs of the patient, then to meet more advanced needs. This allows the nurse to incorporate all aspect of life into caring for the patient.

Transpersonal caring occurs when the nurse sees the patient not as an object but as a human being. The nurse feels and shows concern for the patient. Both the nurse and the patient search for meaning for the illness and situation at hand. “The goal of transpersonal caring relationship corresponds to protecting, enhancing, and preserving the person’s dignity, humanity, wholeness, and inner harmony” (Cara, 2003) Jean Watson Human caring nursing theory essay Examples.

According to Watson Caring Science Institute and International Caritas Consortium (2014), “A caring occasion occurs whenever the nurse and another come together with their unique life histories and phenomenal fields in a human-to-human transaction” (para. 13). The nurse is open to the needs of the patient’s feelings, thoughts, goals, environment, and beliefs. The nurse sees that patient not as an object or a set of tasks that need to be completed. The nurse sees the patient as a human being who needs healing physically, mentally, and spiritually. The nurse and patient connect creating a moment that will affect the universe. Jean Watson Human caring nursing theory essay Examples.

My personal caring moment occurred recently. I am a nurse employed in a long-term acute care hospital. I take care of patients who continue to need specialized care and do not meet the requirements to stay in an acute care hospital, but require more than a nursing home or home care can provide. I recently took care of a patient who came to use with severe ischial and coccyx wounds. This patient had been a through much in her short life. She was in a motor vehicle accident ten years ago, suffering a pelvic crushing injury. The patient later had bilateral amputations to both legs at the hip. Jean Watson Human caring nursing theory essay Examples She has suffered from anxiety and depression since the accident. She has remained physically healthy since the recovery from her amputations. This is the first time she has developed a wound. She had been treating the wound at home until sepsis set in, and she had to be taken to the local emergency room. The patient had had a change in level of consciousness at that time. Jean Watson Human caring nursing theory essay Examples.

I entered the room to provide my morning care of assessing the patient, collecting vital signs, and administering medications. Upon entering the roo I noticed that the patient seemed withdrawn. She was looking down at her blankets, clutching them tightly in her hands, and would not make eye contact. She had few personal items about her, and the television was off. She did not speak unless spoken to. I asked her how her first night went and if she was having any pain. She gave short answers and did not make eye contact. I explained what I was there to do and asked if she needed anything before I started with my exam. She began to cry. I held her hand and asked what I could do. She stated she was scared and didn’t know if she would ever be able to go back home. I continued to hold her hand as she cried. I asked her why she felt she would not be able to go back home, and she explained how she had never had a wound like this and didn’t know how she would care for herself. She was concerned that she would not get a motorized wheelchair that she had ordered because she wasn’t home for them to deliver it. I explained that I was there to help her to get better and stronger. I also told her that I would talk to her case manager personally to see what we could do about her wheelchair. Jean Watson Human caring nursing theory essay Examples. She seemed more at ease after our discussion. I explained what each of her medications were for and asked if she needed anything for pain. I changed her dressings and explained each step I was taking to do it properly. I then left the room and immediately called her case manager to discuss the wheelchair situation. I discussed the plan of care for her with her physician so that I could reinforce the information with my patient.

A short while later, I returned to my patients room with the information that I learned. She was impressed that I went through “all that trouble for her.” I stated that that was what I was here for, to care for her. I explained that I talked to her case manager, and she gave me a number to the wheelchair company and I called them personally to make arrangements for its delivery. I also explained in depth the plan the physician had for her and her care. I explained to her that she was only with us for a few weeks for antibiotics to combat the infection and to assist her in caring for her wounds. After I had given her the information, her face lit up, and she began to cry again. This time the tears were for happiness. She said that no one else would explain what was going on and that I went above and beyond her expectations. I told her I saw that she was hurting and scared, and I tried to do what I could to ease her mind. After that day, she requested me as her nurse.  She did not want anyone else to care for her. It touched my heart that I could do so much for her and that she wanted me to continue to provide care for her. I felt at that moment that we reached a caring moment. We both set in motion a moment that had touched both of us and will continue to have an impact on our lives.

I learned that I do care deeply for my patients. I want to see them succeed and be at peace. I learned that by going the extra mile for a patient can bring comfort to them. I learned that simple things such as talking and holding a patient’s hand can make them feel important and loved. Humans are not uncaring people. They are not made of stone. They laugh, hurt, cry, and love. That is what make us the same. Hospitals are such sterile worlds that humanity is often lost. If I can bring even an ounce of that into my work, it can make a world of difference.

I feel that my patient perceived my care in a positive way. She requested that I remained her nurse. She felt at ease talking with me about her fears and expectations. She trusted me to care for her and meet her needs. She trusted me enough to discuss aspects of her life. We discussed her depression and hardships she has had to face over the years. I developed an understanding of the life experiences that have made her who she is today. Jean Watson Human caring nursing theory essay Examples.

I am not sure what I could have done to enhance the caring moment. I wish that I could have spent more time with her. She is an amazing person who has overcome so much in her short life. It was an honor to know and care for her.

I used Watson’s human caring theory to create a caring moment. I treated my patient as a person who deserved to be valued and loved. I held her hand and listened to what she felt was important. I showed empathy and compassion. I attended not only to her health needs but the needs that put her mind at ease. I created an environment of trust and compassion. I treated the patient as a whole. I cared for her body by administering proper medication and attending to her wounds.Jean Watson Human caring nursing theory essay Examples. I cared for her mind by discussing with her depression and easing her mind of worrying factors. I cared for her spirit by showing her that I cared and that she was valued.

The carative factors that were utilized in this caring moment are: forming humanistic-altruistic value systems, instilling faith-hope, cultivating a sensitivity to self and others, developing a helping-trust relationship, and promoting an expression of feelings (Nursing Theory, 2013). I feel that I did meet other requirements of carative factors, however, these standout to me. In forming a humanistic-altruistic value system, I regarded my patient’s needs. I did not look at the simple numbers like her vital signs but looked at the person. I saw that she was withdrawn and scared. I saw that she needed someone to see her not just another body in a room. She is a human being with thoughts and feelings of her own. I instilled faith-hope in my patient by going above and beyond nursing skills. I listened to issues that were bothering her and did my best to find information for her. I relayed this information that gave her hope that all would be well. I cultivated a sensitivity to my patient’s needs and perceptions that were important to her. I held her hand as she cried. I listened to her fears and desires, without making judgment. I shared in her stories and life experiences. I developed a helping-trust relationship. My patient requested my care. She trusted that I could provide the care that she needed. My patient trusted me enough to allow me into her life and to share her thoughts and feelings. I developed this by listening and acting on what I perceived as important to her. My patient saw my effort and love. I created an environment where she could express herself.

Watson’s theory of human caring guides nursing to care not only for the physical aspect of patient maladies but to care for the person as a whole. Using Watson’s theory allows nurses to take nursing to another level and truly connecting with the patient instead of seeing the patient as an object. Caring and love have been the foundation of nursing since nursing began and will continue to shape nursing into the future Jean Watson Human caring nursing theory essay Examples.

References

Cara, C. (2003). A pragmatic view of Jean Watson’s caring theory.
International Journal of Human Caring, 7
(3), 51-56.

Fawcett, J. (2002). The nurse theorists: 21st-century updates-Jean Watson.
Nursing Science Quarterly, 15
(3), 214-219. doi:10.1177/089431840201500307

Lukose, A. (2011). Developing a practice model for Watson’s theory of caring.
Nursing Science Quarterly, 24
(1), 27-30.

Nursing Theory. (2013). Jean Watson nusing theory. Retrieved from http://nursing-theory.org/theories-and-models/watson-philosophy-and-science-of-caring.php

Nursing Theory. (2013). Jean Watson: Nursing theorist. Retrieved from http://nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Jean-Watson.php

Watson Caring Science Institute and International Caritas Consortium. (2014). Caring science theory and research. Retrieved from http://watsoncaringscience.org/about-us/caring-science-definitions-processes-theory/ Jean Watson Human caring nursing theory essay Examples.

 

Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring

Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring is a middle range theory that focuses on the patient and nurse connection.  It focuses on caring authentically patient as a whole, which means caring about the patient’s mind, spirit and body, so the process of healing can continue at an ideal level.  Described as a model of caring that includes art and science; a framework that intersects and embraces with art, science, spirituality, humanities and a new dimension of body spirit and mind medicine. Watson believes her theory is one that is open to the changing practice of nursing. Jean Watson Human caring nursing theory essay Examples By applying abstract concepts of faith, hope, love, caring, and trust to nursing can help stratify the concept of human caring (Williams 2011).

Comprised of 4 major conceptual elements; clinical Caritas processes, caring moment/caring occasion and caring consciousness and transpersonal caring relationships.  The clinical Caritas processes emerges from Watson’s own caritas reason that involves trust, love, faith, hope, selflessness, caring, spirituality, energy and understanding.

Nurses must find it within themselves to say and explore on who they are to offer ideal care.  If the nurse is aware of what it takes to care for their patient, it will take them on an experience that not only benefits the nurse but the patient.  The nurse anticipates the needs of the patient and ensures that those needs are reached. Caring moment/caring occasion focus on the nurse experiencing something greater than themselves.  The feeling could be spiritual and encourage the nurse to make connections with the patient that would have never been there.  It could open areas for the new possibilities for a human connection at a deeper level that of physical interactions (Watson 2009).  The function of caring consciousness means the nurse needs awareness of the dynamics of life and human phenomena.  Watson’s goal is to let the nurse know that every person can connect by the healing process of energy Jean Watson Human caring nursing theory essay Examples.

Watson’s praxis leads itself in providing a different dimension of nursing explored rarely as the art of caring. Developing this theory structured the concept.  Caring is a part of nursing and the nurse needs to understand the power of human caring.  When reading this theory, it is clear and states the patient care is an ordeal that leads to a healing process for the patient.  In an acute setting a patient consumed by fear and anxiety, it takes a caring nurse to find those symptoms and help the patient resolve it.

The relationship that the model describes is between patients and nurse that is intensely deep and intertwined in the eyes of Watson.  Theoretical basis for nursing practice is in the transpersonal relationships that focus on the patient as the cherished other.  Based on the general concept that patients rely on nurses for spiritual care, psychosocial and comfort.  The relationship possesses healing power for the patient. with connection of human beings.  A caring model provides a capacity that nurses are to understand how caring behaviors can aid with development of a relationship with patients that puts them at ease and feeling secure.  This theory is significant in developing caring behaviors (Watson 2009) Jean Watson Human caring nursing theory essay Examples.

The concept of caring is very broad, with the Watson’s theory of Human Caring, it seems to help nurses understand more about the process of human caring.  The theory is easy to follow and introduced a word “caritas” defined in her theory as coming from the Greek word meaning “to cherish and appreciate, giving special attention to, or loving” (Summerell 2015)..

This theory originated with the importance to understanding that the nursing career is an ever evolving work in progress that adapts to our rapid changing nursing practice in society.It responds well to the human dynamics of phenomena that focus on nurse self-care that one can appreciate.  The focus is that Watson wants the nurse  to understand that one must find their spiritual and inner self that will allow them to go beyond their ego to open up to others with sensitivity and compassion.  It also has a potential to influence nursing actions to propel the discipline further into a more holistic context.  Self-care is important in nursing because it brings nurses closer to their spirits, allowing them to feel connections with the entire world and to experience a cosmic love (Sitzman 2007).  One can apply this knowledge to their nursing practice; it has simple tasks and is easily applied in any setting.  With the busy hospital, the nurse can have daily awareness to their practice, by taking a slow deep breath before entering the room to remind them that the need is present for awareness of the present condition.  This theory has concepts that seem to enhance the discipline of nursing. Jean Watson Human caring nursing theory essay Examples.

 

Reference:

Summerell, P. (2015). EB133 Jean Watson’s Caritas Processes: A Model for Transforming the      Nursing Practice Environment.
Critical Care Nurse
,
35
(2), e66-e67.

Sitzman, K. (2007). Teaching-learning professional caring based on Jean Watson’s Theory of         Human Caring.
International Journal For Human Caring
,
11
(4), 8-16.

Watson, J. (2009). CARING SCIENCE AND HUMAN CARING THEORY: TRANSFORMING PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES OF NURSING AND HEALTH CARE.
Journal Of Health & Human Services Administration
,
31
(4), 466-482.

 

Williams, I. R., McDowell, J., & Kautz, D. (2011). A caring leadership model for nursing’s           future.
International Journal For Human Caring
,
15
(1), 31-35. Jean Watson Human caring nursing theory essay Examples

Mutual-aid agreements Essay – Program Evaluation and Policy analysis for Missouri Mutual aid agreement

44.090. Mutual-aid agreements

Background of Missouri Emergency Response efforts

The state of Missouri

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Program Overview

Missouri first mutual aid agreement in legislative was in 1990, this began as a statewide fire response mutual aid agreement. Instead of each individual department belonging to a certain town or jurisdiction they are all considered to be a part of Missouri Fire Mutual Aid System. The system includes all the resources that those fire departments have and their specialized teams such as wildland, hazmat, and rescue. The only separation they have is by split into regions where each is led by a fire-based regional coordinator, regions followed by State Trooper regions. Upon the tested fire service showing success and achievement with mutual aid assistance others followed suit. The agreement later amended to include law enforcement, emergency medical services, and public works. Mutual-aid agreements Essay – Program Evaluation and Policy analysis for Missouri Mutual aid agreement.

Inputs

Activities

Outcomes

 

https://dfs.dps.mo.gov/about/

NUR 699 GC Week 1 Discussion 1 – NUR 699 Evidence-Based Practice Project

What is the difference between research- and evidence-based practice projects? Provide an example of each one and the reason for the difference. Why should nurses be interested in learning about EBP?

NUR 699 GC Week 1 Discussion 2

How would a nurse practitioner and a nurse manager differ with regard to how they use and incorporate EBP in their areas of practice?

NUR 699 GC Week 2 Discussion 1

Review the “General Appraisal Overview for All Studies,” available in Appendix B in the textbook. You should save this tool and use it throughout the development of the PICOT question, problem description, and literature review. NUR 699 Evidence-Based Practice Project

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Begin the development of your PICOT question, using the following resources:

1. “Appendix A: Template for Asking Clinical Questions,” available in the textbook appendix

2. Text readings

Formulate your PICOT question and post it to the main forum. Respond to at least four other statements, providing feedback. Review the statements to see if the clinical issue is clearly defined and that all aspects are identified. Also refer to the “PICOT: Components of an Answerable, Searchable Question” table, located in chapter 2 of the text. If one PICOT statement has at least three feedback posts, move to another statement.

You will be using the feedback to make revisions to your PICOT question before using it in your “Section B: Problem Description” assignment. NUR 699 Evidence-Based Practice Project

NUR 699 GC Week 2 Discussion 2

What strategies will you use in your new practice as an advance practice nurse to review and critique literature pertinent to your practice?

NUR 699 GC Week 3 Discussion 1

What levels of evidence are present in relation to research and practice, and why it is important regardless of the method you use?

NUR 699 GC Week 3 Discussion 2

What factors must be assessed when critically appraising quantitative studies (e.g., validity, reliability, and applicability)? Which is the most important? Why?

NUR 699 GC Week 4 Discussion 1

What are some of the obstacles or barriers to implementing EBP in nursing? Provide a rationale for your answer. Since there are numerous topics on the issue, it is not appropriate to repeat one that has already been mentioned unless providing new information.

NUR 699 GC Week 4 Discussion 2

Conducting research projects while ensuring the protection of human subjects is necessary. What are some methods to protect personal rights of someone in one of the groups that is labeled as vulnerable? Justify your rationale.

NUR 699 GC Week 5 Discussion 1

Why is it important to incorporate a theory or model related to change when implementing practice changes? Does the benefit of incorporating a change model outweigh the time and effort it took to include it?

NUR 699 GC Week 5 Discussion 2

Identify barriers to the implementation of evidence-based practice. What are two ways to address this problem?

NUR 699 GC Week 6 Discussion 1

When reviewing the literature and different types of evidence, there are often gaps in the findings. Are such gaps a help or a hindrance when wanting to create a change?

NUR 699 GC Week 6 Discussion 2

What is the difference between statistically significant evidence and clinically significant evidence? How would each of these findings be used to advance an evidenced-based project?

NUR 699 GC Week 7 Discussion

Research and EBP projects can be communicated in many ways. Which method do you think is most effective to get to the staff nurse level? To the advance practice nurses? How will you ensure that all appropriate audiences receive your information?

NUR 699 GC Week 8 Discussion 1

Post your “Evidence-Based Practice Proposal Project Presentation.” Review all of the presentations but provide critical commentary only to five others posted. Address the strengths of the proposal as well as recommendations for improvement. If a post already has five feedback posts then move on to another one. You will be responsible for responding to each peer’s feedback that is posted to your original presentation post.

NUR 699 GC Week 8 Discussion 2

There is power in having data to support change. The EBP process is one way of advancing improvements in healthcare. Identify three strategies that you will now incorporate into your practice based on this course. Explain your rationale.

NUR 699 GC Week 2 Assignment 1

Evidence-Based Practice Proposal – Section A: Organizational Culture and Readiness Assessment

Details:

Before making a case for an evidence-based project, it is essential to understand the culture of the organization in order to begin assessing its readiness for EBP implementation.

1. Complete the “Organizational Culture and Readiness for System-Wide Integration of Evidence-Based Practice Survey,” located in the textbook appendix.

2. Develop an analysis of 250 words from the results, addressing your organization’s readiness level, possible project barriers and facilitators, as well as how to integrate clinical inquiry.

3. Make sure to include the rationale for the survey categories scores that were significantly high and low, incorporating details and/or examples. Also explain how to integrate clinical inquiry into the organization, providing strategies that strengthen the organizations weaker areas.

4. Submit a summary of your results. The actual survey results do not need to be included.

Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

Upon receiving feedback from the instructor, revise “Section A: Organizational Culture and Readiness Assessment” for your final paper submission. This will be a continuous process throughout the course for each section.

NUR 699 GC Week 2 Assignment 2

Evidence-Based Practice Proposal – Section B: Problem Description

Details:

Write a paper of 500-750 words (not including the title page and reference page) on your proposed problem description for your EBP project. The paper should address the following:

1. Describe the background of the problem. Tell the story of the issue and why it deserves attention.

2. Identify the stakeholders/change agents. Who, or what organizations, are concerned, may benefit from, or are affected by this proposal. List the interested parties, patients, students, agencies, Joint Commission, etc.

3. Use the feedback from the Topic 2 main forum post and refine your PICOT question. Make sure that the question fits with your graduate degree specialization.

4. State the purpose and project objectives in specific, realistic, and measurable terms. The objective should address what is to be gained. This is a restatement of the question, providing focus. Measurements need to be taken before and after the evidence-based practice is introduced to identify the expected changes.

5. 5) Provide supportive rationale that the problem or issue is an important one for nursing to resolve using relevant professional literature sources.

6. Develop an initial reference list to assure that there is adequate literature to support your evidence-based practice project. Follow the “Steps to an Efficient Search to Answer a Clinical Question” box in chapter 3 of the textbook. Use “NUR-699 Search Method Example” to assist you.

7. 7) The majority of references should be research articles. However, national sources such as Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Department of Health and Human Resources (HHS), or the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and others may be used when you are gathering statistics to provide the rationale for the problem.

8. Once you get into the literature, you may find there is very little research to support your topic and you will have to start all over again. Remember, in order for this to be an evidence-based project, you must have enough evidence to introduce this as a practice change. If you find that you do not have enough supporting evidence to change a practice, then further research would need to be conducted.

Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

Upon receiving feedback from the instructor, refine “Section B: Problem Description” for your final submission. This will be a continuous process throughout the course for each section.

NUR 699 GC Week 3 Assignment

Evidence-Based Practice Proposal – Section C: Literature Support

Details:

To begin, work through the reference list that was created in the “Section B: Problem Description” assignment in Topic 2. Appraise each resource using the “Rapid Critical Appraisal Checklists,” available in the textbook appendix. The specific checklist you use will be determined by the type of evidence within the resource.

Develop a research table to organize and summarize the research studies. Using a summary table allows you to be more concise in your narrative description. Only research studies used to support your intervention are summarized in this table. Refer to the “Evaluation Table Template,” available in the textbook appendix. Use the “Evaluation Table Template” as an adaptable template.

Write a narrative of 750-1,000 words (not including the title page and references) that presents the research support for the projects problem and proposed solution. Make sure to do the following:

1. Include a description of the search method (e.g., databases, keywords, criteria for inclusion and exclusion, and number of studies that fit your criteria).

2. Summarize all of the research studies used as evidence. The essential components of each study need to be described so that readers can evaluate its scientific merit, including study strengths and limitations.

3. Incorporate a description of the validity of the internal and external research.

It is essential to make sure that the research support for the proposed solution is sufficient, compelling, relevant, and from peer-reviewed professional journal articles.

Although you will not be submitting the checklist information or the evaluation table you design in Topic 3 with the narrative, the checklist information and evaluation table should be placed in the appendices for the final paper.

Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

Upon receiving feedback from the instructor, refine “Section C: Literature Support” for your final submission. This will be a continuous process throughout the course for each section. NUR 699 Evidence-Based Practice Project

NUR 699 GC Week 4 Assignment

Evidence-Based Practice Proposal – Section D: Solution Description

Details:

Write a paper of 500-750 words (not including the title page and reference page) paper for your proposed evidence-based practice project solution. Address the following criteria:

1. Proposed Solution: (a) Describe the proposed solution (or intervention) for the problem and the way(s) in which it is consistent with current evidence. Heavily reference and provide substantial evidence for your solution or intervention. (b) Consider if the intervention may be unrealistic in your setting, too costly, or there is a lack of appropriate training available to deliver the intervention. If the intervention is unrealistic, you may need to go back and make changes to your PICOT before continuing. NUR 699 Evidence-Based Practice Project

2. Organization Culture: Explain the way(s) in which the proposed solution is consistent with the organization or community culture and resources.

3. Expected Outcomes: Explain the expected outcomes of the project. The outcomes should flow from the PICOT.

4. Method to Achieve Outcomes: Develop an outline of how the outcomes will be achieved. List any specific barriers that will need to be assessed and eliminated. Make sure to mention any assumptions or limitations which may need to be addressed.

5. Outcome Impact: Describe the impact the outcomes will have on one or all of the following indicators: quality care improvement, patient-centered quality care, efficiency of processes, environmental changes, and/or professional expertise.

Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center. NUR 699 Evidence-Based Practice Project

Upon receiving feedback from the instructor, refine “Section D: Solution Description” for your final submission. This will be a continuous process throughout the course for each section.

NUR 699 GC Week 5 Assignment 1

Evidence-Based Practice Proposal – Section E: Change Model

Details:

In 500-750 words (not including the title page and reference page), apply a change model to the implementation plan. Include the following:

1. Roger’s diffusion of innovation theory is a particularly good theoretical framework to apply to an EBP project. However, students may also choose to use change models, such as Duck’s change curve model or the transtheoretical model of behavioral change. Other conceptual models presented such as a utilization model (Stetler’s model) and EBP models (the Iowa model and ARCC model) can also be used as a framework for applying your evidence-based intervention in clinical practice. NUR 699 Evidence-Based Practice Project

2. Apply one of the above models and carry your implementation through each of the stages, phases, or steps identified in the chosen model.

3. In addition, create a conceptual model of the project. Although you will not be submitting the conceptual model you design in Topic 5 with the narrative, the conceptual model should be placed in the appendices for the final paper.

Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

Upon receiving feedback from the instructor, refine “Section E: Change Model” for your final submission. This will be a continuous process throughout the course for each section. NUR 699 Evidence-Based Practice Project

NUR 699 GC Week 5 Assignment 2

Evidence-Based Practice Proposal – Section F: Implementation Plan

Details:

In 500-750 words (not including the title page and reference page), provide a description of the methods to be used to implement the proposed solution. Include the following:

1. Describe the setting and access to potential subjects. If there is a need for a consent or approval form, then one must be created. Although you will not be submitting the consent or approval form(s) in Topic 5 with the narrative, the consent or approval form(s) should be placed in the appendices for the final paper.

2. Describe the amount of time needed to complete this project. Create a timeline. Make sure the timeline is general enough that it can be implemented at any date. Although you will not be submitting the timeline in Topic 5 with the narrative, the timeline should be placed in the appendices for the final paper. NUR 699 Evidence-Based Practice Project

3. Describe the resources (human, fiscal, and other) or changes needed in the implementation of the solution. Consider the clinical tools or process changes that would need to take place. Provide a resource list. Although you will not be submitting the resource list in Topic 5 with the narrative, the resource list should be placed in the appendices for the final paper.

4. Describe the methods and instruments, such as a questionnaire, scale, or test to be used for monitoring the implementation of the proposed solution. Develop the instruments. Although you will not be submitting the individual instruments in Topic 5 with the narrative, the instruments should be placed in the appendices for the final paper.

5. Explain the process for delivering the (intervention) solution and indicate if any training will be needed.

6. Provide an outline of the data collection plan. Describe how data management will be maintained and by whom. Furthermore, provide an explanation of how the data analysis and interpretation process will be conducted. Develop the data collection tools that will be needed. Although you will not be submitting the data collection tools in Topic 5 with the narrative, the data collection tools should be placed in the appendices for the final paper. NUR 699 Evidence-Based Practice Project

7. Describe the strategies to deal with the management of any barriers, facilitators, and challenges.

8. Establish the feasibility of the implementation plan. Address the costs for personnel, consumable supplies, equipment (if not provided by the institute), computer related costs (librarian consultation, database access, etc.), and other costs (travel, presentation development). Make sure to provide a brief rationale for each. Develop a budget plan. Although you will not be submitting the budget plan in Topic 5 with the narrative, the budget plan should be placed in the appendices for the final paper.

9. Describe the plans to maintain, extend, revise, and discontinue a proposed solution after implementation.

Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

NUR 699 GC Week 6 Assignment NUR 699 Evidence-Based Practice Project

Evidence-Based Practice Proposal: Section G: Evaluation of Process

Details:

In 500-750 words (not including the title page and reference page), develop an evaluation plan to be included in your final evidence-based practice project. Provide the following criteria in the evaluation, making sure it is comprehensive and concise:

1. Describe the rationale for the methods used in collecting the outcome data.

2. Describe the ways in which the outcome measures evaluate the extent to which the project objectives are achieved.

3. Describe how the outcomes will be measured and evaluated based on the evidence. Address validity, reliability, and applicability.

4. Describe strategies to take if outcomes do not provide positive results.

5. Describe implications for practice and future research.

Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. NUR 699 Evidence-Based Practice Project

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

Upon receiving feedback from the instructor, refine “Section G: Evaluation” for your final submission. This will be a continuous process throughout the course for each section.

NUR 699 GC Week 7 Assignment 1

Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Proposal Final Paper

Details:

Throughout this course you will be developing a formal, evidence-based practice proposal.

The proposal is the plan for an evidence-based practice project designed to address a problem, issue, or concern in the professional work setting. Although several types of evidence can be used to support a proposed solution, a sufficient and compelling base of support from valid research studies is required as the major component of that evidence. Proposals are submitted in a format suitable for obtaining formal approval in the work setting. Proposals will vary in length depending upon the problem or issue addressed; they can be between 3,500 and 5,000 words. The cover sheet, abstract, references page, and appendices are not included in the word limit.

Section headings and letters for each section component are required. Responses are addressed in narrative form in relation to that number. Evaluation of the proposal in all sections is based upon the extent to which the depth of content reflects graduate-level critical-thinking skills. NUR 699 Evidence-Based Practice Project

This project contains seven formal sections:

1. Section A: Organizational Culture and Readiness Assessment

2. Section B: Problem Description

3. Section C: Literature Support

4. Section D:
Solution Description

5. Section E: Change Model

6. Section F: Implementation Plan

7. Section G: Evaluation of Process

Each section (A-G) will be submitted as separate assignments so your instructor can provide feedback (refer to applicable modules for further descriptions of each section).

The final paper will consist of the completed project (with revisions to all sections), title page, abstract, reference list, and appendices. Appendices will include a conceptual model for the project, handouts, data and evaluation collection tools, a budget, a timeline, resource lists, and approval forms.

Use the “NUR-699 EBP Implementation Plan Guide” and “NUR-699 Evidence-Based Practice Project Student Example” to assist you. Also refer to “NUR-699 Evidence-Based Practice Project Proposal Format.”

Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

NUR 699 GC Week 7 Assignment 2

Evidence-Based Practice Presentation

Details:

Develop a presentation no longer than 10-12 minutes with comprehensive speaker’s notes that covers all of the major areas of your proposal.

You will need to post your Evidence-Based Practice Presentation to the main forum in Topic 8 as directed by the instructor for class discussion and peer feedback.

While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. NUR 699 Evidence-Based Practice Project

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are not required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. NUR 699 Evidence-Based Practice Project

You have learned that the grieving process can be a healthy experience for people who have experienced a life-changing event in their lives. Explain why you think nurses need to establish a trusting relationship with the grieving person before moving on to aid them in their grieving process. You may use other resources than your book for information. It may help to think of a loved one or friend you know that has experienced a life-changing event and how that person may have reacted to a nurse, clergy, or other third party wanting to help them through the grieving process. Discussion – Is Grieving Healthy?

For this Population Health and Healthy People 2020 Analysis Essay assignment, you will select a Healthy People 2020 goal and consider the role of public health nurses in achieving this goal. Select a goal and a specific population that is impacted by this goal and the health issue it targets. In a 1,250-1,500 word paper, provide an analysis of the population and discuss how the goal and related health issue affects them. Include the following:

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Describe the issue and the population that it affects. Why is this a vulnerable population? Include demographics of the population and why this issue is prevalent in this population.

Analyze the vitality and social determinants of health for the population. Consider indicators of social and economic conditions, health resources, environmental conditions related to health, social functioning, and attitude toward health care.

Discuss a proposed intervention and discuss how its benefits the target population. Consider any drawbacks or shortcomings of the intervention as well. Include in your discussion evidence that the intervention is in line with the core functions and ten essential public health services. Population Health and Healthy People 2020 Analysis Essay.

Cite at least five resources in your response.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this Population Health and Healthy People 2020 Analysis Essay assignment to LopesWrite. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

Biofuels and Fossil Fuels

Chapter 4 Energy:

(Understand that energy from the sun fuels all life on earth)

Describe the various types of energy and how energy can be stored in different molecules:

(Biofuels and Fossil Fuels)

Biofuels- Energy from plants; fuels produced from plant and animal products

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Fossil fuels:
(
Most vehicles). These fuels (which also include oil, natural gas, and coal) are produced from the decayed remains of plants and animals modified over millions of years by heat, pressure, and bacteria. Biofuels and Fossil Fuels.

 

Explain the laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to all living organisms:

 

-The study of the transformation of energy from one type to another, such as from potential energy to kinetic energy, is called thermodynamics.

1
st
law – Energy can never be created or destroyed; it can only change from one form to another.

2nd Law- Every conversion of energy includes the transformation of some energy into heat; Heat is almost completely useless to living organisms

(Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)) Biofuels and Fossil Fuels

The Role of the PMHNP

Use APA writing guidelines. You do not need a cover page for discussion but please include references. Your discussion should be about 1 page, Write about 3 paragraphs. Each paragraph is 4-5 sentences.

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Where does the psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner fit in within a mental health treatment team of social worker, therapists, psychologist, psychiatrist, and family care? What does it mean to specialize? What goes into being confident and competent provider? Are psychiatric nurse practitioners too medication focused? The Role of the PMHNP

Cell theory – eukaryotic and prokaryotic Cells Essay

Chapter 3 Cells:

Explain the two principles of the cell theory:

All living organisms are made up of one or more cells.

All cells arise from other pre-existing cells.

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Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure:

A
eukaryotic cell

has a central control structure called a nucleus which contains the cell’s DNA.

eukaryotes

A
prokaryotic cell

does not have a nucleus; its DNA simply resides in the middle of the cell

cell theory – eukaryotic and prokaryotic Cells Essay

prokaryotes

Animal cells- chloroplasts, cell wall, vacuole

 

Plant cells- No centriole

 

-Discuss the theories of endosymbiosis and invagination as a means to explain the presence of organelles in eukaryotic cells:

Developed to explain the presence of two organelles in eukaryotes, chloroplasts in plants and algae, and mitochondria in plants and animals. cell theory – eukaryotic and prokaryotic Cells Essay

 

Describe the overall structure of the plasma membrane as well as the structure of individual phospholipids:

Plasma membrane: a plasma membrane, a two-layered membrane that holds the contents of a cell in place and regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

Describe the following passive transport methods: diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis:

Diffusion: (Solutes and solvents)

Simple Diffusion: Molecules pass directly through the plasma membrane without help of another membrane

Facilitated diffusion: Molecules move across with help of another channel or carrier.

Osmosis: Osmosis is the passive diffusion of water across a membrane. cell theory – eukaryotic and prokaryotic Cells Essay.

Describe what happens to cells in isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions

Contrast the various types of active transport methods:

(Active transport, cells use energy to move small molecules into and out of the cell)

-Primary active transport:

uses energy directly from ATP

-Secondary-An indirect method many transporter proteins use for fueling their activities

 

The transport protein simultaneously moves one molecule against its concentration gradient while letting another flow down its concentration gradient. cell theory – eukaryotic and prokaryotic Cells Essay

 

No ATP is used directly.

 

At some other point and in some other location, energy from ATP was used to pump one of the types of molecules involved against their concentration gradient.

 

Explain the various structures that allow for connection and communication between cells:

-Connections between cells hold them in place and enable them to communicate with each other.

-Gap Junctions- pores surrounded by special proteins that form open channels between two cells

-Tight Junctions-form continuous, water-tight seals around cells and also anchor cells in place

Particularly important in the small intestine where digestion occurs cell theory – eukaryotic and prokaryotic Cells Essay

-Desmosomes-are like spot welds or rivets that fasten cells together into strong sheets

Function like Velcro: they hold cells together but are not water-tight

Found in much of the tissue-lining cavities of animal bodies

Describe the major landmarks of eukaryotic cells:

The nucleus—the largest and most prominent organelle in most eukaryotic cells. cell theory – eukaryotic and prokaryotic Cells Essay

 

The nucleus has two primary functions:

Genetic control center

Storehouse for hereditary information

 

-Chromatin- a mass of long, thin fibers consisting of DNA with some proteins attached

Nucleolus-an area near the center of the nucleus where subunits of the ribosomes are assembled

 

Ribosomes are like little factories.-

 

Explain the structural differences between animal and plant cells:

 

Animal cells- chloroplasts, cell wall, vacuole

 

Plant cells- No centriole

 

Self-Quiz:

 

Used for detoxification.

Garbage disposal of the cells.

Used to maintain turgor pressure.

Converts light into chemical energy.

Converts chemical energy into ATP.

 

Answers:

1=smooth ER

2=lysosome

3=vacuole

4=

5=mitochondria

cell theory – eukaryotic and prokaryotic Cells Essay

Differential diagnosis Essay

Case Study 2

Liz is a 79-year-old female with a history of aortic stenosis and hypertension. The patient underwent elective aortic valve replacement yesterday. This AM during rounds, the patient is sitting up in the chair. Vital signs: 99.4-54-20-85/50. Pa 29/13, CVP10. Urine output 20 ml/hr for the last 3 hours. Cardiac output 3.9, cardiac index 1.8. Patient’s preop ef was 50%. Labs are as follows:

• K 4.0 Normal

• Cr 1.5 Adult female 0.5-1.1 mg/dL

• BUN 42 8-21 mg/dL

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• Decreased Output

• Hgb 9.8 Adult female11.7-15.5 g/dL

• Hct 29.1 Adult female 38-44%

• Plt 138 150-450 x 10^3/uL Thrombocytopenia

• Postoperative chest X-ray normal

• Slightly elevated temperature

• Bradycardia

• Hypotension

• Pa 29/13 Normal 20-30/8-12

• CVP 10 Normal 2-6

• Cardiac output 3.9 Normal 4-8 L/min

• Cardiac index 1.8 Normal 2.5-4.0

What is the diffenfential diagnosis. Please do not chose hypovolemia?

What treatment and management will this patient being on?

What patient education will you provide for your patient?

What is Norvasc used for? what are the side effects? What is the black box warning on Norvasc?

Please use resources that are less than five-year-old. Thank you. Differential diagnosis Essay

Atomic structure – principles of chemistry and study of biology

Chapter 2 : Chemistry

Relate major principles of chemistry to the study of biology

Understand atomic structure

Compare and contrast the major chemical bonds involved in important molecules and compounds

Identify the major macromolecules that make up living organisms carbon,oxygen,nitrogen,hydrogen

Explain the importance of the function of each of the four major macromolecules

Carbs-Primary fuel for organisms (CONTAIN CARBON,HYDROGEN,AND OXYGEN)

Lipids- store energy, (hydrophobic, hydrophilic, nonpolar, don’t dissolve in water, phospholipids-most important factor in the cell membrane hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails)

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Proteins- body building macromolecules-help fight invading microorgnaisms,control cell activity and some hormones, allow muscle contraction, heart pumping,sperm swim,carry molecules such as oxygen around the body –Amino acids (20) strung together to build up a protein, enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions. atomic structure – principles of chemistry and study of biology.

Nucleic acids- store information on how to build and run a body. There are two types-Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) – DNA holds the genetic information to build an organism.

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) – RNA is a universal translator, reading DNA and directing protein production.

Both play central roles in directing the production of proteins

The information in a molecule of DNA is determined by its sequence of bases.

Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine

 

Compare and contrast DNA and RNA  :

RNA differs from DNA in 3 ways: The sugar molecule of the sugar-phosphate backbone

Single-stranded

Uracil (U) replaces thymine (T)

atomic structure – principles of chemistry and study of biology