Tag: Clinical-Nursing

Assignment: Evidence-Based Project and Research Methodologies PowerPoint

NOTE: This project has two parts: Part 1 is a 4-slides power point presentation; while part 2 requires completion of the attached matrix table.

Assignment: Evidence-Based Project

Is there a difference between “common practice” and “best practice”?

When you first went to work for your current organization, experienced colleagues may have shared with you details about processes and procedures. Perhaps you even attended an orientation session to brief you on these matters. As a “rookie,” you likely kept the nature of your questions to those with answers that would best help you perform your new role.

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Over time and with experience, perhaps you recognized aspects of these processes and procedures that you wanted to question further. This is the realm of clinical inquiry. Assignment: Evidence-Based Project and Research Methodologies PowerPoint.

Clinical inquiry is the practice of asking questions about clinical practice. To continuously improve patient care, all nurses should consistently use clinical inquiry to question why they are doing something the way they are doing it. Do they know why it is done this way, or is it just because we have always done it this way? Is it a common practice or a best practice?

In this Assignment, you will identify clinical areas of interest and inquiry and practice searching for research in support of maintaining or changing these practices. You will also analyze this research to compare research methodologies employed.

To Prepare:

• Review the Resources and identify a clinical issue of interest that can form the basis of a clinical inquiry.

• Based on the clinical issue of interest and using keywords related to the clinical issue of interest, search at least four different databases in the Walden University Library to identify at least four relevant peer-reviewed articles related to your clinical issue of interest. You should not be using systematic reviews for this assignment, select original research articles.

• Review the results of your peer-reviewed research and reflect on the process of using an unfiltered database to search for peer-reviewed research.

• Reflect on the types of research methodologies contained in the four relevant peer-reviewed articles you selected.

Part 1: An Introduction to Clinical Inquiry

Create a 4-slide PowerPoint presentation in which you do the following:

• Identify and briefly describe your chosen clinical issue of interest.

• Describe how you used keywords to search on your chosen clinical issue of interest.

• Identify the four research databases that you used to conduct your search for the peer-reviewed articles you selected.

• Provide APA citations of the four peer-reviewed articles you selected.

Assignment: Evidence-Based Project and Research Methodologies PowerPoint

Part 2: Identifying Research Methodologies

After reading each of the four peer-reviewed articles you selected, use the Matrix Worksheet template to analyze the methodologies applied in each of the four peer-reviewed articles. Your analysis should include the following:

The full citation of each peer-reviewed article in APA format.

A brief (1-paragraph) statement explaining why you chose this peer-reviewed article and/or how it relates to your clinical issue of interest, including a brief explanation of the ethics of research related to your clinical issue of interest.

A brief (1-2 paragraph) description of the aims of the research of each peer-reviewed article.

A brief (1-2 paragraph) description of the research methodology used. Be sure to identify if the methodology used was qualitative, quantitative, or a mixed-methods approach. Be specific. Assignment: Evidence-Based Project and Research Methodologies PowerPoint.

A brief (1- to 2-paragraph) description of the strengths of each of the research methodologies used, including reliability and validity of how the methodology was applied in each of the peer-reviewed articles you selected.

Required Readings/Resources

Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

• Chapter 2, “Asking Compelling Clinical Questions” (pp. 33–54)

• Chapter 21, “Generating Evidence Through Quantitative and Qualitative Research” (pp. 607–653)

Grant, M. J., & Booth, A. (2009). A typology of reviews: An analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies. Health Information and Libraries Journal, 26, 91–108. doi:10.1111/j.1471-1842.2009.00848.x. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1471-1842.2009.00848.x

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases. Assignment: Evidence-Based Project and Research Methodologies PowerPoint.

Hoare, Z., & Hoe, J. (2013). Understanding quantitative research: Part 2. Nursing Standard, 27(18), 48–55. doi:10.7748/ns2013.01.27.18.48.c9488. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/239615585_Understanding_quantitative_research_part_2

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Hoe, J., & Hoare, Z. (2012). Understanding quantitative research: Part 1. Nursing Standard, 27(15), 52–57. doi:10.7748/ns2012.12.27.15.52.c9485. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Juanita_Hoe/publication/235369193_Understanding_quantitative_research_part_1/links/00b7d5152ea97eef23000000/Understanding-quantitative-research-part-1.pdf

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Walden University Library. (n.d.-a). Databases A-Z: Nursing. Retrieved September 6, 2019, from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/az.php?s=19981 Assignment: Evidence-Based Project and Research Methodologies PowerPoint

Walden University Library. (n.d.-e). Keyword searching: Finding articles on your topic: Boolean terms. Retrieved September 19, 2018, from http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/keyword/boolean

Walden University Library. (n.d.-f). Keyword searching: Finding articles on your topic: Introduction to keyword searching. Retrieved September 19, 2018, from http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/keyword/searching-basics

Walden University Library. (n.d.-h). Quick Answers: What are filtered and unfiltered resources in nursing? Retrieved September 6, 2019, from https://academicanswers.waldenu.edu/faq/73299 Assignment: Evidence-Based Project and Research Methodologies PowerPoint

NURS 6551 – A 33-year-old Caucasian female is being seen in clinic for contraception discussion post essay examples

NURS-6551N-9: Primary Care of Women

Week 03: Contraceptive Treatments

Main Post

Case Study # 3

A 33-year-old Caucasian female is being seen in clinic for contraception. She is using birth control pills, but forgets to take them because her work schedule changes every week. She has been married for 14 years and has two children. She is looking for an effective method that will be easy to remember. She has a history of chronic headaches and hypertension during pregnancy. She has never been treated for a sexually transmitted infection and is in a mutually monogamous relationship. Family history is significant for an aunt with breast cancer. She smokes half a pack of cigarettes per day. She is 5 ft. 8 in. and 215 lbs. Her vital signs are: BP 120/78, p 72, reg.

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Multiple contraceptive modalities are available to prevent the unintended pregnancy. Contraceptive treatment and management plays vital role in the care of women patient population. However, it is imperative that healthcare provider involve female patient and work closely with them to gather adequate information regarding her health history, lifestyle, and specific needs and/or preferences.  Moreover, trusting relationship and comfort environment developed by provider makes it easy to educate patient on different available options and aid in making decision according to their needs and preferences (Schuiling & Likis, 2017).

For this case scenario, first of all I would discuss with the patient that whether she wants permanent or reversible option. As her being only 33 years old with two children I don’t think she want permanent option like tubal ligation or vasectomy because they are hard to reverse if she changes her mind to have another baby later but I will still give her information and educate her with its risks and benefits. As she shared that she wants something that she doesn’t have to be worried or remember to take daily and her family history positive for breast cancer I would recommend her for long term reversible contraceptive LTRC that includes ParaGard (Intrauterine Device IUD for 10 years) which is traditional and made up of copper with no hormones in it and another one is good for 5 years that have small amounts of hormones (levonorgestrel) in it. NURS 6551 – A 33-year-old Caucasian female is being seen in clinic for contraception discussion post essay examples

Tubal Ligation

Tubal ligation is the surgical procedure in which the fallopian tubes are tied, blocked or cut to prevent the eggs from travelling from the ovaries to the fallopian tube where the fertilization occurs between egg and sperm. This is the permanent method of contraception and it is very difficult to reverse because scar tissues are formed over the time that block the tubes permanently. Tubal ligation can be done without surgical procedure by implanting a metal spring called Essure in the fallopian tube that aid in developing scar tissues to block the tubes. This can be done as an outpatient procedure (Marshall, & Romito, 2015). However, this permanent birth control method does not prevent pregnancy by 100% and is not effective against sexually transmitted diseases. Patient can still get pregnant for multiple reasons. According to the studies over the time of 2 years 1 out 100 women with tubal ligation gets pregnant but the pregnancy can be high or fatal for mother or the child (Marshall, & Romito, 2015). It is essential to educate the patient on the minor and major complications that can be arouse due to the tubal ligation. These includes infection and wound separation and major complications that might occur are heavy blood loss, post-anesthesia problems, organ injury during surgery, and need for a larger laparotomy incision during surgery due to sudden complications (Marshall, & Romito, 2015).

Intrauterine Device (IUD)

Intrauterine devices are long-term reversible contraception to prevent the pregnancy, it is being used since early 1960’s but die to defects in the formation of devices and increased side effects they are not the first line of choice for birth control. Presently there are two different kind of IUDs are available copper IUDs (ParaGard) effective for 10 years and hormonal IUDs (Mirena, Kyleena, Liletta, and Skyla) effective for 3-5 years which contains levonorgestrel at various dosages (Schuiling & Likis, 2017). An IUD is a tiny plastic T shaped flexibles device that’s inserted in your uterus to prevent pregnancy by blocking the travel of eggs in the fallopian tubes. The ParaGard IUD uses copper to prevent pregnancy as the Sperm doesn’t survive in the presence of copper, therefore the ParaGard IUD makes it almost impossible for sperm to reach eggs for fertilization. Whereas the hormonal IUD like Mirena, Kyleena, Liletta, and Skyla prevent pregnancy in two ways: 1) they make the consistency of the mucus thick in the cervix which blocks and traps the sperm and 2) the progestin hormone halts the process of ovulation and stop the eggs to leave ovaries, if there is no egg no sperm would be fertilized and pregnancy does not occur (Planned Parenthood Federation of America, 2017). The most common complication of IUD involves unscheduled excessive bleeding, which often decreases over time with hormonal IUDs but not with ParaGard.  Additional side effect or complaints include lower abdominal pain, back pain, complexion changes, breast tenderness, headaches, changes in mood, and nausea which reduces over the time (Schuiling & Likis, 2017).

In my opinion placing IUD would the best option for the patient in the case study as it gives peace of mind and patient does not have to remember to take everyday pills. However, it does not provide 100% prevention of pregnancy and also does not prevent women from STDs. Therefore, it is the duty of the provider to explain each available option clearly to the patient so patient can decide which one is best for herself. As the selection of contraception is highly individualized according to patient’s choice and perception but if in case patient disagree with the recommended options, other options and their possible advantages or disadvantages along with the keeping in mind patient’s insurance coverage (Schuiling & Likis, 2017). NURS 6551 – A 33-year-old Caucasian female is being seen in clinic for contraception discussion post essay examples

References

Marshall, S., & Romito, K. (2015). Tubal ligation/implants/tubes Tied: Effects, chances of

pregnancy after. Retrieved from
http://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/tubal-ligation-and-tubal-implants

Planned Parenthood Federation of America. (2017). IUD birth control: Info about Mirena &

ParaGard IUDs. Retrieved from
https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/iud

Schuiling, K. D., & Likis, F. E. (2017). Women’s gynecologic health (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA:

Jones & Bartlett Learning.

 

 

NURS 6551:
Primary Care of Women

INITIAL POST

Case Study #3

A 33-year-old Caucasian female is being seen in clinic for contraception. She is using birth control pills, but forgets to take them because her work schedule changes every week. She has been married for 14 years and has two children. She is looking for an effective method that will be easy to remember. She has a history of chronic headaches and hypertension during pregnancy. She has never been treated for a sexually transmitted infection and is in a mutually monogamous relationship. Family history is significant for an aunt with breast cancer. She smokes half a pack of cigarettes per day. She is 5 ft. 8 in. and 215 lbs. Her vital signs are: BP 120/78, p 72, reg. NURS 6551 – A 33-year-old Caucasian female is being seen in clinic for contraception discussion post essay examples

 

Contraception Treatment

Providers play an important role in providing information and education while supporting patients’ decision making of choosing the appropriate contraceptive. It is a complex decision to make to choose the most suitable contraceptive method during contraceptive counseling. The goal of contraceptives is not only preventing unintended pregnancies, but also to prevent sexually transmitted diseases, recognize potential risk factors, or to regulate symptoms induced from hormonal imbalance. Birth control counseling takes an important place in women’s health. Providers must take the time to educate their patient on the several methods of birth control but also the proper use of it. Birth control counseling should involve two important questions: when the patient wants to have a baby or another baby and secondly, how important it is for her to prevent pregnancy until then. This will give enough information to the provider to provide the patient with the best individualized birth control option. NURS 6551 – A 33-year-old Caucasian female is being seen in clinic for contraception discussion post essay examples

Male condoms are a contraceptive method which can assist in preventing the transmission of STDs from one to another and also pregnancy. However, in this case study, the patient has been married for 14 years and has only one sex partner which makes this method an option but not the most suitable since the patient mentioned she wanted an easy to remember method. Another potential dissatisfaction may be that the patient wants more security of not becoming pregnant (Johnson, Pion & Jennings, 2013). The contraceptive pills are the most commonly prescribed birth control. The patient is currently taking birth control pills and is not satisfied with this option due to her changing work schedule and the possibility of forgetting the pill. Furthermore, hormonal therapy including the pill, ring, implant, shots or patch may also not be beneficial for the patient due to the patient current obese weight, chronic headaches, a family history of breast cancer, and her personal habit of smoking (Chaveepojnkamjorn et al., 2014). Prescribing combined oral contraceptives to obese women may lead to further weight gain as a side effect while combined with smoking raises the risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (Reifsnider et al., 2013). Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are acceptable for individuals with medical problems or certain risk factors such as smoking (Yoost, 2014). When choosing the IUD, one must be aware of the two types of IUD – hormonal and copper. If the patient wishes to have more children, then the copper is the better choice since the hormonal IUD such as Mirena and Skyla may delay fertility after removal. NURS 6551 – A 33-year-old Caucasian female is being seen in clinic for contraception discussion post essay examples.

If the patient does not agree with the recommendation of the copper IUD, the provider could facilitate the selection by offering clear insight on the risks of other methods with the patient’s given medical history and other influencing risk factors. Providing proper education and information may help the patient understand the provider’s selection and may facilitate agreement. It is important to offer insight on the potential risk factors of the patient and the potential complications of taking hormonal birth control. This does not only reduce the liability for the provider but also gives reassurance that the patient fully understands her health risks. This will also help building a trusting relationship to her provider while meeting her reproductive goals as collaboration (Yoost, 2014). If otherwise, and the patient has decided that she does not seek any further pregnancies a provider may offer and discuss a tubal ligation as a contraceptive method. NURS 6551 – A 33-year-old Caucasian female is being seen in clinic for contraception discussion post essay examples

References

Chaveepojnkamjorn, W., Pichainarong, N., Thotong, R., Sativipawee, P., & Pitikultang, S.

(2017). Relationship between Breast Cancer and Oral Contraceptive Use among Thai Premenopausal Women: a Case-Control Study. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 18(5), 1429-1433. doi:10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.5.1429

Johnson, S., Pion, C., & Jennings, V. (2013). Current methods and attitudes of women towards

contraception in Europe and America. Reproductive health, 10, 7. doi:10.1186/1742-4755-10-7

Yoost J. (2014). Understanding benefits and addressing misperceptions and barriers to

intrauterine device access among populations in the United States. Patient preference and adherence, 8, 947-57. doi:10.2147/PPA.S45710 NURS 6551 – A 33-year-old Caucasian female is being seen in clinic for contraception discussion post essay examples

A 25-year-old Latina female presents with menstrual cramping that has been getting worse over time

Case Study 2:

A 25-year-old Latina female presents with menstrual cramping that has been getting worse over time. She has never been pregnant and she has one male sex partner. Her gynecologic exam is normal.

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Walden University

NURS 6551: Primary Care of Women

Week 3: Gynecologic Health

There’s a reason birth control was included as preventive health care—a panel of doctors recommended it. The

nonpartisan Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommended that birth control be covered as women’s preventive care because

it is fundamental to improving not only women’s health, but the health of their families as well. Medical research has

demonstrated this fact for decades. A 25-year-old Latina female presents with menstrual cramping that has been getting worse over time

—Planned Parenthood Action Fund, Inc.

As this quote suggests, contraceptive care is a critical part of women’s health. Contraceptives not only help prevent unintended

pregnancies—which account for nearly half of all pregnancies (CDC, 2012a)—but are also used to treat and manage

gynecologic conditions. Although contraceptive care might be difficult to discuss with some patients, as the advanced practice

nurse, you must facilitate this discussion and help patients select treatment options that meet their health needs. Imagine you

are treating a 20-year-old patient who has questions about which contraceptive method is right for her. She says she does not

have insurance, worries about potential side effects of contraceptives, and does not know which options are available to her or

how to properly use them. What recommendations would you make and how would you educate this patient?

This week you explore contraception treatments, an integral part of women’s gynecologic health. You examine contraceptive

options and strategies for selecting appropriate contraception treatment for patients.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this week, students will:

• Evaluate appropriate contraception treatments for individual patients

• Analyze ways to facilitate the selection of contraception treatments with patients

• Understand and apply key terms, principles, and concepts related women’s gynecologic health

• Evaluate diagnoses for patients

• Evaluate treatment and management plans

• Analyze nursing theories and feminist perspectives in relation to clinical practice*

• Analyze differences between common screenings for younger women and common screenings for older women*

*These Learning Objectives support Assignments that are due this week, but were assigned in Weeks 1 and 2.

Photo Credit: PhotoAlto/PhotoAlto Agency RF Collections/Getty Images

Learning Resources

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in

the Course Materials section of your Syllabus. A 25-year-old Latina female presents with menstrual cramping that has been getting worse over time.

Required Readings

Schuiling, K. D., & Likis, F. E. (2017). Women’s gynecologic health (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett

Publishers.

• Chapter 11, “Contraception” (pp. 209-244)

This chapter explores advantages and disadvantages of various contraceptive options. It also describes patient factors

that impact the selection of contraceptive options, as well as noncontraceptive benefits of contraceptives.

• Chapter 17, “Unintended Pregnancy” (pp. 397-416)

This chapter examines the scope of unintended pregnancy in the United States. It also provides strategies for

supporting women with unintended pregnancies, including options for abortion and adoption.

• Chapter 23, “Menstrual-Cycle Pain and Premenstrual Conditions” (pp. 549-571)

This chapter examines strategies for assessing, diagnosing, treating, and managing symptoms for women experiencing

menstrual cycle pain and discomfort from conditions such as dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome.

Tharpe, N. L., Farley, C., & Jordan, R. G. (2017). Clinical practice guidelines for midwifery & women’s health (5th ed.).

Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

• Chapter 6, “Care of the Well Woman Across the Life Span”

◦ “Care of the Woman Interested in Barrier Methods for Birth Control and STI Prevention” (pp. 311-314)

This section explores types of barrier contraceptives. It examines the efficacy of each method and includes

recommendations for educating patients about the use of each method.

◦ “Care of the Woman Interested in Emergency Contraception” (pp. 314-316)

This section describes available forms of emergency contraception. It also examines factors that must be considered

when selecting emergency contraception and strategies for educating patients about appropriate usage.

◦ “Care of the Woman Interested in Hormonal Contraception” (pp. 319-325)

This section examines the use of hormonal contraception. It explores strategies for assessing a woman’s ability and

motivation to properly use hormonal contraception, as well as risk factors associated with hormonal contraception

use.

Case Study 2:

A 25-year-old Latina female presents with menstrual cramping that has been getting worse over time. She has never been pregnant and she has one male sex partner. Her gynecologic exam is normal.

◦ “Care of the Woman with an Unintended Pregnancy” (pp. 333-338)

This section describes the role of the health care provider in offering support to women with unintended or unwanted

pregnancies. A 25-year-old Latina female presents with menstrual cramping that has been getting worse over time

• Chapter 7, “Care of the Woman with Reproductive Health Conditions”

◦ “Care of the Woman with Dysmenorrhea” (pp. 389-391)

This section provides strategies for assessing, diagnosing, treating, and managing patients with dysmenorrhea.

◦ “Care of the Woman with Premenstrual Symptoms, Syndrome, or Dysphoric Disorder” (pp. 437-441)

This section examines the prevalence of premenstrual symptoms, PMS, and PMDD in women. It also provides

strategies for assessing and managing patients with these conditions.

Dragoman, M., Davis, A., & Banks, E. (2010). Contraceptive options for women with preexisting medical conditions.

Journal of Women’s Health, 19(3), 575–580.

Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

This article examines the provider’s role in discussing contraceptive options with patients. It also explores contraceptives

based on their effectiveness for pregnancy prevention and ability to help treat chronic diseases.

Gagan, M. J. (2009). The SOAP format enhances communication. Kai Tiaki Nursing New Zealand, 15(5), 15.

Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Case Study 2:

A 25-year-old Latina female presents with menstrual cramping that has been getting worse over time. She has never been pregnant and she has one male sex partner. Her gynecologic exam is normal.

Optional Resources

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012b). Women’s health. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/women/

National Institutes of Health. (2012). Office of Research on Women’s Health (ORWH). Retrieved from

http://orwh.od.nih.gov/

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2012a). Womenshealth.gov. Retrieved from

http://www.womenshealth.gov/

Discussion: Contraception Treatments

Considering the potentially negative consequences of unintended pregnancy for a woman’s health and well-being, effective

contraceptive treatments are an important part of gynecologic care. There are a variety of contraceptive treatment methods

available for women, including hormonal, barrier, and fertility awareness options. Each method has its own strengths and

limitations, and each patient often has individual factors that might also impact appropriateness of use. In your role as the

advanced practice nurse, it is important to keep in mind that while you may make contraceptive recommendations to patients,

contraceptive selection is a joint decision between the patient and the provider. For this Discussion, consider which

contraceptive treatments would be most appropriate for the patients in the following three case studies:

Case Study 1:

A 23-year-old Caucasian female presents with concerns about mood swings around the time of her menses. She believes she

has PMS and wants to know if there is medication to control it.

Case Study 2:

A 25-year-old Latina female presents with menstrual cramping that has been getting worse over time. She has never been

pregnant and she has one male sex partner. Her gynecologic exam is normal.

Case Study 3:

A 33-year-old Caucasian female is being seen in clinic for contraception. She is using birth control pills, but forgets to take them

because her work schedule changes every week. She has been married for 14 years and has two children. She is looking for

an effective method that will be easy to remember. She has a history of chronic headaches and hypertension during pregnancy.

She has never been treated for a sexually transmitted infection and is in a mutually monogamous relationship. Family history is

significant for an aunt with breast cancer. She smokes half a pack of cigarettes per day. She is 5 ft. 8 in. and 215 lbs. Her vital

signs are: BP 120/78, p 72, reg.

To prepare:

• Review Chapter 12 of the Schuiling and Likis text and the Dragoman et al. article in this week’s Learning Resources

• Select one of the three provided case studies. Reflect on the patient information.

• Consider an appropriate contraception treatment for the patient case study you selected.

• Think about how you might facilitate the selection of contraception treatments with patients who do not agree with your

recommendations.

By Day 3

Post an explanation of the contraception treatment that would be most appropriate for the patient in the case study you

selected, and explain why. Explain how you might work with patients who do not agree with your recommendations.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

By Day 6

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days who selected different case studies than you did. Based on

your personal and/or professional experiences, expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or

contrasting perspectives. A 25-year-old Latina female presents with menstrual cramping that has been getting worse over time.

Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to

your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the “Post to Discussion Question” link and then select “Create Thread” to

complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on Submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and you

cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on Submit!

Submission and Grading Information

Case Study 2:

A 25-year-old Latina female presents with menstrual cramping that has been getting worse over time. She has never been pregnant and she has one male sex partner. Her gynecologic exam is normal.

Grading Criteria

Week 3 Discussion Rubric

Post by Day 3 and Respond by Day 6

To participate in this Discussion:

Week 3 Discussion

Quiz: Week 3

This Quiz covers the content you have explored throughout the week. The Quiz may include the following topics:

• Contraception methods—condoms, diaphragms, fertility awareness–based methods, intrauterine devices, patches, pills,

spermicides, sponges, etc.

• Dysmenorrhea

• Irregular menses

• Premenstrual syndrome

• Unintended pregnancy

By Day 7

This Quiz is due. You have 30 minutes to complete the Quiz. You may only attempt this Quiz once.

This quiz is a test of your knowledge in preparation for your certification exam. No outside resources including books, notes,

websites, or any other type of resource are to be used to complete this quiz. You are expected to comply with Walden

University’s Code of Conduct. A 25-year-old Latina female presents with menstrual cramping that has been getting worse over time

Submit by Day 7

To submit this Quiz:

Week 3 Quiz

Assignment: Practicum – SOAP Note and Time Log

In addition to Journal Entries, SOAP Note submissions are a way to reflect on your Practicum Experiences and connect these

experiences to your classroom experience. SOAP Notes, such as the ones required in this course, are often used in clinical

settings to document patient care. Please refer to this week’s Learning Resources for guidance on writing SOAP Notes.

Select a patient that you examined during the last three weeks. With this patient in mind, address the following in a SOAP Note:

• Subjective: What details did the patient provide regarding her personal and medical history?

• Objective: What observations did you make during the physical assessment?

• Assessment: What were your differential diagnoses? Provide a minimum of three possible diagnoses. List them from highest

priority to lowest priority. What was your primary diagnosis and why?

• Plan: What was your plan for diagnostics and primary diagnosis? What was your plan for treatment and management,

including alternative therapies? Include pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments, alternative therapies, and followup parameters, as well as a rationale for this treatment and management plan.

• Reflection notes: What would you do differently in a similar patient evaluation?

Case Study 2:

A 25-year-old Latina female presents with menstrual cramping that has been getting worse over time. She has never been pregnant and she has one male sex partner. Her gynecologic exam is normal.

By Day 7

This Assignment is due. You will submit your Journal Entries (Weeks 1 and 2), the Week 3 SOAP Note, and your Practicum

Time Log by Day 7 of Week 3 (this week)

Note: Be sure to submit your Assignment to the appropriate submission link below.

Submissions should match the following:

• Week 3 SOAP Note: Submit to the Assignment Part 1 – Week 3 submission link.

• Week 1 & 2 Journal Entry: Submit to the Assignment Part 2 – Week 3 submission link.

• Week 3 Practicum Time Log: Submit to the Assignment Part 3 – Week 3 submission link.

For the Journal Entries and Practicum Time Logs—which are assessed with a Satisfactory (S) or Unsatisfactory (U) score—the

numerical grade will show as 0 points and the “S” or “U” will be posted in the Feedback area by your Instructor. These scores of

0 points do not affect your grade; they simply allow for a placeholder to place the “S” or “U” scoring. This concept also applies

to Weeks 7 and 11. A 25-year-old Latina female presents with menstrual cramping that has been getting worse over time

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

• Please save your Assignment using the following naming convention: “WK3PTXAssgn+lastname+first initial”.

• Click the Week 3 Assignment Part X links.

• Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as

“WK3PTXAssgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open. If you are submitting multiple files, repeat until all files

are attached.

• Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.

Grading Criteria

Week 3 Assignment Part 1 Rubric

Week 3 Assignment Part 2 Rubric

Week 3 Assignment Part 3 Rubric

Submit Your Assignments Part by Day 7

To submit your Assignment Part 1:

Week 3 Assignment

To submit your Assignment Part 2:

Week 3 Assignment

To submit your Assignment Part 3:

Week 3 Assignment

Week in Review

This week you evaluated and analyzed appropriate contraception selections and treatments including the diagnoses for

patients and their treatment and management plans.

Next week you will begin to explore common gynecologic conditions including strategies for diagnosing, treating, managing

and educating patients with STIs.

Looking Ahead

Week 9

In Week 2, you began to plan and write a comprehensive assessment that focuses on one patient from your current practicum

setting. By the end of Week 3, identify the patient who will be the focus of this Assignment. Review the Week 2 Assignment

section and the Comprehensive Write-up Guide in the Week 2 Learning Resources for additional guidance. Contact the course

Instructor with any questions. You submit the comprehensive assessment in Week 9.

Case Study 2:

A 25-year-old Latina female presents with menstrual cramping that has been getting worse over time. She has never been pregnant and she has one male sex partner. Her gynecologic exam is normal. A 25-year-old Latina female presents with menstrual cramping that has been getting worse over time

What is holistic nursing?

Holistic nursing is generally defined as all nursing practice that has healing the whole person as its goal. A holistic nurse is a licensed nurse who takes a “mind-body-spirit-emotion-environment” approach to the practice of traditional nursing. Holistic nursing is based on a philosophy of living and being that is grounded in caring, relationship, and interconnectedness. A holistic nurse recognizes and integrates the principles and modalities of holistic healing into daily life and clinical practice. Holistic nursing encourages nurses to integrate self-care, self-responsibility, spirituality, and reflection in their lives.

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holistic health care,

a system of comprehensive or total patient care that considers the physical, emotional, social, economic, and spiritual needs of the person; his or her response to illness; and the effect of the illness on the ability to meet self-are needs. Holistic nursing is the modern nursing practice that expresses this philosophy of care. Also called 
comprehensive care
.

 

What is the history of holistic nursing?

Present-day holistic nursing is based on the work of Florence Nightingale. It was not until the mid-20th century that nursing began to emerge as a profession and became linked to developments in western medicine. Since 1970, many nurse scholars have described nursing as being concerned with the whole person. Dossey developed a theory of nursing that includes an integral worldview that builds upon a solid holistic, integrated, and multidimensional theoretical nursing foundation. Unlike previous theories of nursing, this theory serves to explain the function of the inner world of the nurse as a vital component of nursing practice.

These and other influences, such as research linking the mind and body and an emphasis on patient-centered care, have affected the development of holistic nursing. The American Holistic Nurses Association (AHNA) was founded in 1980 to serve as a voice for holistic nurses and to promote the education of nurses and others in the philosophy, practice, and research of holistic caring and healing. The American Holistic Nurses Certification Corporation (AHNCC) was founded in 1997 to credential holistic nurses. AHNCC has a collaborative relationship with AHNA to advance the role of holistic nursing and to provide educational opportunities in holistic nursing.

Artistic Expression: Caring Concept Assignment

Caring can be defined as “feeling or showing concern for other people” (Merriam-Webster, 2018). Historically, Florence Nightingale depicted “being caring” as one of the core values of nursing. She described in her writings that nursing is both an art and science and allows an individual to show a compassionate view of humanity (Wagner, 2010). Florence Nightingale’s framework has transcended into modern nursing and her ideas are still celebrated.

Importance of Caring

Knowledge on caring requires consideration, reflection, and passion. Caring is a mindful act that is learned, practiced, and improved upon. Caring is an interactive and vital part of a nurse and patient relationship (Thorton, 2013). It would be nearly impossible to tend to the physical needs of a patient without an attentive, caring relationship. The act of caring opens up a channel of communication between the patient and nurse and enables the nurse to assess the patient’s needs.

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Principles of Holistic Care

Holistic nursing practice includes not only the physical aspects of nursing but also the mental, emotional, cultural, and sexual needs of the patient. A nurse that utilizes the holistic approach views the patient as a whole rather than a disease or body system. A nurse practitioner acquires skills to make clinical decisions for patients based off of their holistic needs. Collaborating with patients as well as involving them in their care leads to better health outcomes and overall greater patient satisfaction. Artistic Expression: Caring Concept Assignment.

Perspective of Caring

The meaning of caring may be different from person to person but ideas of caring in nursing stay mostly consistent. A qualitative study examined holistic advanced practice nurses and reported several themes of caring-within-practice. The first theme, normalizing the environment, examined both internal and external factors that contribute to optimal patient care. The nurse practitioner is able to create the best care plan with patients by observing their thoughts, beliefs, and cultural preferences (Hines, 2017).

The art of being present was identified as another theme of caring in nursing. Being present focuses on more than just being there physically; it also creates a transpersonal connection with the patient. Making eye contact, minimizing distractions, and asking the patient’s input can all create a stronger connection (Gluyas, 2015).

Lastly, coaching the family as a caregiver establishes a caring demeanor in nursing, and improves the patient and family’s experience (Hines,2017). Often times, fears and anxieties about the patient’s care get blown out of proportion due to the lack of communication or presence from the care provider. Advanced nurses can offer a time to engage with the whole family by attending to questions or concerns. This gives the family a feeling of usefulness and support.

Artistic Expression

The artistic expression provided illustrates that caring can be defined in many different ways, but caring always comes from the heart. Caring is looking at a person as a whole despite his or her religious preferences, skin color, or ideas. It is coming together from different backgrounds to make one. Caring about people doesn’t mean you necessarily have to agree or like them, but you are there for them regardless.

Caring is sometimes defined as feeling or showing concern for people. Caring is a core value of nursing and creates a lasting interpersonal relationship with a patient and their family members. Advanced nurses develop skills to deliver best care with regards to a patient’s physical, mental, and spiritual needs. Artistic Expression: Caring Concept Assignment.

References

AHNCC. (2012). Core Essentials of Basic Holistic Nursing. Retrieved September 11, 2018, from http://www.ahncc.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Core-Essentials-for-BASIC_HN_DEC_20_2012.pdf

 

Gluyas, H. (2015). Patient-Centered Care: Improving Health Outcomes. Retrieved September 10, 2018, from http://journals.rcni.com.chamberlainuniversity.idm.oclc.org/nursing-standard/patientcentred-care-improving-healthcare-outcomes-ns.30.4.50.e10186

 

Hines, M. (2017). Advanced Holistic Nursing Practice Narratives: A View of Caring Praxis. Retrieved from http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0898010117715849 Artistic Expression: Caring Concept Assignment

 

Thorton, L. (2013). Essentials of Integrative Health Care: Fundamental Principles for Caring and Healing. Retrieved September 10, 2018, from https://chamberlainuniversity.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct&db=ccm&AN=107974261&site=eds-live&scope=site

 

Wagner, D. (2010). An Exploration of the Nature of Caring Relationships in the Writings of Florence Nightingale. Retrieved September 11, 2018, from https://ovidsp-tx-ovid-com.chamberlainuniversity.idm.oclc.org/sp-3.31.1b/

 

Webster, M. (2018). Caring Definition. Retrieved September 10, 2018, from http://www.learnersdictionary.com/definition/caring Artistic Expression: Caring Concept Assignment

Literature on Transitions of Care

One aspect of leadership is staying current on the latest research in your field. Healthcare is no exception. For your Week 4 and Module 2 Assignments, you are researching the role of the nurse leader in improving transitions of care. An annotated bibliography will help you keep track of your research and how you may use various sources within your research.

For this Literature on Transitions of Care Discussion, you will share one of the articles you located. This is an opportunity for professional discourse on the literature and sharing of ideas with colleagues.

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To prepare:

Select one of the articles you are using in your annotated bibliography this week.

By Day 3 of Week 4 (Post First)

Provide the citation and a brief summary of the article you selected. Explain what you learned about transitions of care and what area of the continuum of care you plan to address in your Module 2 Assignment.

Be sure to attach a PDF of your article or provide the library permalink so that your colleagues can fully review your article Literature on Transitions of Care.

Antibiotic Stewardship in Inpatient Settings Quality Improvement Proposal

Antibiotic Stewardship in Inpatient Settings Quality Improvement Proposal. 3 reference articles included in files

In a 1000 word paper, describe the problem or issue and propose a quality improvement initiative based on evidence-based practice, incorporate one of the following strategies : PDSA cycle, FADE, lean strategy, and Six Sigma in quality improvement in patient care related to this subject- antibiotic stewardship (pharmacists assistance)

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Include the following:

1. Provide an overview of the problem and the setting in which the problem or issue occurs. Antibiotic Stewardship in Inpatient Settings Quality Improvement Proposal.

2. Explain why a quality improvement initiative is needed in this area and the expected outcome.

3. Discuss how the results of previous research demonstrate support for the quality improvement initiative and its projected outcomes. Include a minimum of three peer-reviewed sources published within the last 5 years, not included in the course materials or textbook, that establish evidence in support of the quality improvement proposed. Antibiotic Stewardship in Inpatient Settings Quality Improvement Proposal.

4. Discuss steps necessary to implement the quality improvement initiative. Provide evidence and rationale to support your answer.

5. Explain how the quality improvement initiative will be evaluated to determine whether there was improvement.

6. Support your explanation by identifying the variables, hypothesis test, and statistical test that you would need to prove that the quality improvement initiative succeeded.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center Antibiotic Stewardship in Inpatient Settings Quality Improvement Proposal.

Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Examples

Write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of two qualitative research studies. Use the ”Research Critique Guidelines – Part 1” document to organize your essay. Successful completion of this assignment requires that you provide rationale, include examples, and reference content from the studies in your responses.

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Use the practice problem and two qualitative, peer-reviewed research article you identified in the Topic 1 assignment to complete this assignment. Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Examples.

In a 1,000–1,250 word Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Examples essay, summarize two qualitative studies, explain the ways in which the findings might be used in nursing practice, and address ethical considerations associated with the conduct of the study.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Examples assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.

 

Research Critique Guidelines – Part I

Qualitative Studies

Background of Study

Summary of studies. Include problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research question.

How do these two articles support the nurse practice issue you chose?

Discuss how these two articles willbe used to answer your PICOT question.

Describe how the interventions and comparison groups in the articles compare to those identified in your PICOT question.

Method of Study:

State the methods of the two articles you are comparing and describe how they are different Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Examples.

Consider the methods you identified in your chosen articles and state one benefit and one limitation of each method.

Results of Study

Summarize the key findings of each study in one or two comprehensive paragraphs.

What are the implications of the two studies in nursing practice?

Ethical Considerations

Discuss two ethical consideration in conducting research.

Describe how the researchers in the two articles you choose took these ethical considerations into account while performing their research. Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Examples.

 

Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Examples – 1

Introduction and Background of the Study

Individuals aged 65 years and over exhibit a greater prevalence of the problem of multi-morbidity, or sufferance from multiple chronic health conditions, that require a multiplicity of medications for purposes of managing symptoms and preventing future problems. A combination of these healthcare needs, along with age-connected pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes often increase the complexity of medical prescription in this special patient population. Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Examples.

Administration of inappropriate prescriptions is a common clinical problem affecting the population of elderly persons in primary nursing care. This reality has been the focus of a significant number of qualitative clinical research studies. Upon recognition of the reality that a limited number of studies have been design to qualitatively explore the phenomenon of potentially inappropriate prescribing, Clyne et al. (2016) conducted a qualitative study to investigate this clinical problem as well as its underlying mechanisms from the viewpoints of general practitioners. Their study aimed at a qualitative exploration of general practitioners’ perspectives concerning prescribing and the problem of inappropriate prescriptions in elderly primary nursing care patients. This was their main research problem and the focus their qualitative study (Clyne et al, 2016).

Having identified the research gap and research problem, the authors established their study’s significance by highlighting the public health concerns associated with inappropriate prescribing in elderly patients. According to Clyne et al (2016), the need to study the phenomenon of potentially inappropriate prescribing arises from the commonly reported consequences of such practice in elderly persons, including a potential for an increase in the prevalence of morbidity, increased hospitalization, and lower health-linked quality of life, as well as a rise in ADEs. According to the study, patients are also likely to face the healthcare risk of polypharmacy. These drugs may also lead to elderly falls that are likely to increase healthcare problems for patients.

There are a number of possible questions explored by the study. What is the prevalence of inappropriate prescribing in elderly persons? What are the clinical ramifications or healthcare consequences of inappropriate prescribing? How best can the problem be reduced? Finally, the paper’s primary focus is: what are the clinician perspectives with respect to the phenomenon of potentially inappropriate prescriptions? Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Examples.

The purpose of Clyne et al (2016) research paper is conduct an exploration of the general practitioners’ perspectives concerning the inappropriate prescription and its impact in elderly primary care patients. There is a substantial connection between the research questions and the purpose of the study as demonstrated in their article.

Method of Study

The authors used semi-structured qualitative interviews as their method in order to investigate the perspectives of general practitioners in a randomized controlled trail design geared toward decreasing the prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescription in elderly patients that would lead to the capstone project’s primary concern of elderly falls and the associated comorbidities. While their focus was on the population of patients in Ireland that were 70 years or older, their application of the quality method was appropriate because the study sought to explore the opinions of general practitioners which, by and large, is a qualitative attribute than can be more effectively explored using the qualitative method. Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Examples.

The authors identified a substantial number of qualitative as well as quantitative studies from literature that were relevant to their study and the focus of the research, and which focused on the clinical issue of inappropriate prescribing and the associated consequences and potential interventions. The literature used is largely based on peer-reviewed journal articles that are accessible in public databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and PubMed Central Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Examples. The articles used in the study are largely current, although the authors have also relied on qualitative articles that date back to 2003, which is still acceptable within the qualitative criterion of article currency. The chosen articles are notably relevant to the topic of research.

Although the authors have used a broad range of relevant peer-reviewed articles, there is limited or no indication or evaluation of the potential weaknesses of the studies used. However, the article’s literature review relied upon adequate data and information on the subject of inappropriate prescribing and its consequences on the elderly population in an effort to build their logical arguments and lay out the results of their findings.  Moreover, the authors did not explicitly make develop a particular framework from findings of their study, though their study was based on the OPTI-SCRIPT evaluation process.

Results of Study

Clyne et al. (2016) conducted seventeen semi-structure qualitative interviews involving 13 males and 4 female participants. Results from the findings of their studies identified three primary interrelated themes including complex prescription environment, paternalistic relationships between doctors and patients, and the relevance of potentially inappropriate prescribing as a concept. Patient complexity—including multi-morbidity and polypharmacy, and prescriber complexity—seen in terms of the existence of multiple prescribers, restriction in autonomy, and poor communication were identified in the study as some of the main factors creating complexity in the prescribing setting in which there is a greater chance that potentially inappropriate prescription could possibly take place.

The study is an important contributor to the nursing knowledge with respect to the topic of inappropriate prescription in elderly persons. Its use of qualitative approach was instrumental to nursing literature and body of knowledge in the sense that it enabled the exploration of the complex clinical issues of inappropriate prescribing in elderly primary care in a manner that is unavailable to most quantitative studies. The study has identified a number of interrelated variables that influence the potential occurrence of inappropriate prescribing and older patient medication, which are important to nursing intervention and practice, including the need to improve the management of multi-morbidity and polypharmacy, and to achieve a decrease in potentially inappropriate prescriptions and medications that would lead to such consequences as falling in older persons. The findings of the study are also largely applicable to nursing education in terms of informing the general practitioners and clinicians of the need to understand the concept and processes of potentially inappropriate prescribing Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Examples.

Ethical Considerations

Clyne et al (2016)’s study received ethical approval to conduct their research from the Irish College of General Practitioners’ Research Ethics Committee. The participants were provided with written information, and consented to participation into the research study. Although there is no reason to doubt it, there little information pointing to the protection of patient privacy

Conclusion

Potentially inappropriate medication is a common problem in elderly populations, and is linked to a rise in the number of injurious and sometimes fatal falls among this vulnerable patient population in primary care. Clyne et al. Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Examples (2016) have conducted a clinically relevant qualitative study to identify factors that potentially influence the occurrence of this clinical problem including the prescription environment complexity, and paternalistic relationships between doctors and patients, as well as the little significance that general practitioners have attached to this growing public health concern. Thus, further research is needed to develop interventions that address the noted challenges and improve nursing care for elderly persons.

Good description.  Ultimately the goal of qualitative data analysis is to organize the data by theme.  This is done through reading and re-reading the transcripts to find the common themes. Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Examples.

Reference

Clyne, B., Cooper, J. A., Hughes, C. M., Fahey, T., & Smith, S. M. (2016). ‘Potentially inappropriate or specifically appropriate?’ Qualitative evaluation of general practitioners views on prescribing, polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people. BMC Family Practice, 17(1), 109

 

Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Examples – 2

Research Critique: Compassion fatigue

Research on compassion fatigue has been completed identifying the problems faced by most oncology as well as emergency nurses. Compassion fatigue has been compared to burnout, displaced traumatization displaced traumatization, secondary disturbing stress disorder, compassion stress among other problem affecting the quality of service among nurses. Nurses experiencing compassion fatigue identified as having a contrasting view about the nursing practices and patient care. Study by Coetzee, & Klopper (2010), notes that “Nurses, self-identified as having compassion fatigue, described a change in their practice by which they began to shield and distance themselves from the suffering of patients and families.” That reduces the time that the nurses would have used to treat the patients and families. This creates a divide that affects not only the relationship between patients and nurses but also, the overall delivery of care.

Background of study

Among the problems facing the nursing practice today, compassion fatigue is the top problem affecting especially the oncology and emergency department nurses. The problem affects the overall healthcare leading to job dissatisfaction, poor quality of care and retention in nursing workforce. Different qualitative research has been completed addressing this problem and the factors contributing to the escalating cases of compassion fatigue. However, most methods used in these studies are not conclusive enough to provide results highlighting where this problem begin and which concrete measures need to be taken to solve the problem in the future of nursing practice. Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Examples.

Problem statement

Given the increased cases of unproductivity in nursing practice, the study by Petleski, T. A. (2013) aimed to study the contributing factors leading to poor quality of services among nurses especially those working in emergency nurse department. Compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion stress are identified as the leading factors affecting the nurses especially those working in busy and engaging departments. Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Examples. Although efforts to address this problem has since been advocated and emphasized, little change has been experienced escalating the extents of this problem to other departments such as oncology nursing department. Increased nursing turnover, limited nursing staffs, working for long hours (overworking), lack of management are identified factors contributing to this problem.

Significance to nursing study

According to a qualitative research by Sheppard, K. (2016), “Frequently, nurses with compassion fatigue talk about sleepless nights as they worry about what they forgot to do at work or replay disturbing events in their minds.” This is just a tip of the iceberg of what the nurses experiencing compassion fatigue suffer from. Quantifying research has proven that addressing this problem not only has the potential of attracting more nurses into the workforce, but also improve patient’s outcome in the long run. Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Examples The important of this study in nursing practice cannot be understated, it’s integral in the practice of nursing to solve the traumatic experiences nurses go through.

Purpose and Research questions

In a research study
Compassion Fatigue and Burnout. Clinical journal of oncology nursing,
a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in inpatient nursing units and outpatient clinics in a cancer center in the midwestern United States. If compassion fatigue is identified before worsening, would nurse behavior change? Would patient’s outcome improve? Would the reputation of hospital health care improve? Studying how fast compassion fatigue can be identified in the nurses can appear to make the article a quantitative study, yet the study is conducted in a qualitative manner.

Discussion of method of study

The study by Maytum, Heiman, & Garwick, (2004) is a is a descriptive qualitative pilot research. The study interviewed about twenty experienced nurses working with kids affected by chronic conditions. The study sought to obtain their experiences regarding their daily work and how the work could have affected their personal lives. Compassion fatigue is mostly experienced by nurses working in engaging and busy units such as emergency nursing department and oncology department. The study however, concentrated on interviewing nurses working with children faced with chronic condition. Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Examples. That would partially provide data establishing the cause and solution to the problem. Diversity of research in more than five departments is required to precisely determine a solution to this problem in today and in the future.

Data collection instrument

The research used standardized measurement tools to conduct qualitative surveys applying three regularly used assessment instruments, Professional Quality of Life Survey (ProQOL-V), The Self-Care Questionnaire, and Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Study (MBI-HSS) (Coetzee, & Klopper, 2010). The study employed these instruments to offer a chance for a greater sample size to provide quantifying study. The methods were well applied but most of the instruments used and their results would make this a quantitative research study. Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Examples.

Theoretical framework

Although most authors outlined different concepts, beliefs and ideas which seemed to support the research, most study diverted from the main objective. For instance, the study by Coetzee, & Klopper (2010) introduced compassion fatigue regarding the study of burnout among health care professionals, but was never explained in this setting; it has since been approved as a substitute for secondary traumatic stress disorder, which is far removed from the original meaning of the term. The research therefore only gave a definition of compassion fatigue in the practice of nursing but never completed the qualitative research highlighting how the problem could be solved among staffs.

Discussion of the study results

The result of the study seemed to answer the researcher’s expectations regarding the causes of compassion fatigues in nursing. The result provided different areas which were highly considered as a contributing factor to nursing burnout and compassion. These areas included the leadership, management, understaffing, communication and coordination environmental and lifestyle and awareness (Coetzee, & Klopper, 2010). The qualitative study completed indicated the failing areas leading to compassion fatigue but never indicated a solution to each that could enhance the nursing field to overcome this problem in the future. Understaffing, lack of communication and coordination are among the leading factors leading to overworked nurses. Also, based on the results of the study, burnout nurses not only recognized as having a developed risk of stress but, also showed clinically significantly minor levels of mental QoL and clinically significantly higher levels of physical QoL (Coetzee, & Klopper, 2010).  Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Examples. Additionally, 43.6% of nurses experienced <6 hours of sleep per night and thus may be identified as sleep deprived clinicians. Addressing these problems especially in busy and engaging units such as oncology and emergency nursing department is required to address the problem affecting large number of nurses in the country. Findings and implications for nursing practice The findings of the study can be described by increased levels of depression identified in clinicians experiencing compassion fatigue. Understaffing and lack of interdisciplinary coordination are identified as the leading factors escalating the levels of compassion fatigue among health care professionals. Most of these professionals are similarly never compensated for the time they overwork in their department. If the problem is not solved it has high potential affecting the future of nursing practice, yet, the study by Coetzee, & Klopper (2010), offered very few and almost obvious recommendations which are required to overcome this problem. More detailed research and recommendations to the problem are required if the problem is to be completely solved in the future of nursing. Ethical considerations In agreement with FDA regulations, “an IRB are authorized to support, recommend changes in (to secure support), or disapprove biomedical research.” (The U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 2017). Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Examples.  However, the provided research studies do not mention any approval by IRB and the repudiation provided gave the views that don’t essentially indicate the policy of the United States government. The research did not provide evidence of the persons who were interviewed and the associations with certain healthcare organizations such as the Department of Veterans Affairs, was general statistics. Therefore, because of the unspecified and qualitative nature of the research used there is no concern for the ethical considerations of the participants used in the study. Conclusion Compassion fatigue and burnout is an existing problem that affect not only the nurses but, also patient’s outcomes and overall reputation of healthcare. There are different identified factors contributing and perpetuating this problem in the nursing practice. The qualitative research highlighted the problem and general solution required to overcome this problem. However, despite the effort invested in these studies, compassion fatigue remains a challenging problem facing the nursing practice today. More research addressing the problem is required to explicitly provide solution to the problem facing the nurses today. Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Examples. References Coetzee, S. K., & Klopper, H. C. (2010). Compassion fatigue within nursing practice: A concept analysis. Nursing & health sciences , 12 (2), 235-243. Hooper, C., Craig, J., Janvrin, D. R., Wetsel, M. A., & Reimels, E. (2010). Compassion satisfaction, burnout, and compassion fatigue among emergency nurses compared with nurses in other selected inpatient specialties. Journal of emergency nursing , 36 (5), 420-427. Maytum, J. C., Heiman, M. B., & Garwick, A. W. (2004). Compassion fatigue and burnout in nurses who work with children with chronic conditions and their families. Journal of Pediatric Health Care , 18 (4), 171-179 Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Examples. Nancy Aycock, R. N., & Deborah Boyle, R. N. (2009). Interventions to manage compassion fatigue in oncology nursing. Clinical journal of oncology nursing , 13 (2), 183. Petleski, T. A. (2013). Compassion fatigue among emergency department nurses . Gardner-Webb University. Potter, P., Deshields, T., Divanbeigi, J., Berger, J., Cipriano, D., Norris, L., & Olsen, S. (2010). Compassion Fatigue and Burnout. Clinical journal of oncology nursing , 14 (5). Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Examples. Ray, S. L., Wong, C., White, D., & Heaslip, K. (2013). Compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, work life conditions, and burnout among frontline mental health care professionals. Traumatology , 19 (4), 255-267. Sheppard, K. (2016). Compassion fatigue: are you at risk? American Nurse Today , 11 (1), 53-55. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2017). IDE Institutional Review Boards (IRB). Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/HowtoMarketYourDevice/InvestigationalDeviceExemptionIDE/ucm046745.htm Yoder, E. A. (2010). Compassion fatigue in nurses. Applied Nursing Research , 23 (4), 191-197. Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Examples.

NRS 490 Capstone Project Topic Selection and Approval GCU Examples

In collaboration with your approved course mentor, you will identify a specific evidence-based practice proposal topic for the capstone project. Consider the clinical environment in which you are currently working or have recently worked. The capstone project topic can be a clinical practice problem, an organizational issue, a quality improvement suggestion, a leadership initiative, or an educational need appropriate to your area of interest as well as your practice immersion (practicum) setting. NRS 490 Capstone Project Topic Selection and Approval GCU Examples. Examples of the integration of community health, leadership, and an EBP can be found on the ”Educational and Community-Based Programs” page of the Healthy People 2020 website.

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Write a 500-750 word description of your proposed capstone project topic. Make sure to include the following:

The problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need that will be the focus of the project

The setting or context in which the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need can be observed.

A description providing a high level of detail regarding the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need.

Impact of the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need on the work environment, the quality of care provided by staff, and patient outcomes.

Significance of the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need and its implications to nursing.

A proposed solution to the identified project topic NRS 490 Capstone Project Topic Selection and Approval GCU Examples

You are required to retrieve and assess a minimum of 8 peer-reviewed articles. Plan your time accordingly to complete this assignment.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

You are required to submit this NRS 490 Capstone Project Topic Selection and Approval GCU Examples assignment to LopesWrite. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

 

NRS 490 Capstone Project Topic Selection and Approval GCU Examples – 1

Problem the Project Will Focus On.

Meeting with the mentor at my practicum site, we collaborated a problem that the facility was facing which is nurse turnover. My practicum site is a long-term or rehabilitation care that is majority occupied by geriatric patients, age 65 and older. Nurse turnover is one of the biggest problems many organizations faces due to work environment, staffing issues, or better salary at another facility. However, this facility has a tough time retaining nurse, because of the poor working environment, and inadequate staffing.

Setting

Like previously said, my practicum site is at a long-term care or rehabilitation center. This long-term care or rehabilitation center can house 99 residents, but currently has 92 resident that are 65 years of age and older. With that said, high turnover rates in a long-term care or rehabilitation center can result in the organization functioning ineffectively, and poor patient outcome (Black, 2015) NRS 490 Capstone Project Topic Selection and Approval GCU Examples.

Problem Description

Many nurses have intentions to seek new employment with an employer that can create a good working environment. Many nurses at this facility has said that they work under a lot of stress, because they are short of nurses, and have a larger workload (Foster,2015). These nurses reported that they get fatigued, and burnout because they must stay over to complete unfinished work or work extra to ensure patient care.

Moreover, the nurses reported that they lack the necessary equipment or resources to perform task, lack a specific role and autonomy, and have no support from management (Jones, 2014) NRS 490 Capstone Project Topic Selection and Approval GCU Examples.

Impact and Significant of Problem

When nurse cannot perform to the extent of their practice, patient care and outcome seems to be affected. Nurse satisfaction decrease along with their performance which adds to the poor working environment (Data, 2013). This problem is significant to the nursing practice because the nursing practice promotes quality patient care and improves patient outcome.

Proposal to Problem

The proposed solution to this problem is to recruit and retrain nurses. The facility has made the incentive to recruit nurses by attracting nurses with a sign-on bonus NRS 490 Capstone Project Topic Selection and Approval GCU Examples. However, sign-on bonus doesn’t necessarily cause a nurse to be committed to the facility or organization the sign to. Some other solution that can prevent nurse turnover, is managers engaging in management or leadership skills training to better support and lead staff (Maas, 20145), and adequate nurse to patient ratio to decrease nurse workload ( Sookyung, 2008).

References

Black, P. (2015). DEVELOPING AN ENHANCED PERSPECTIVE OF TURNOVER AND RETENTION OF NURSES AND HEALTH CARE AIDES IN LONG-TERM CARE HOMES. Perspectives: The Journal Of The Gerontological Nursing Association, 38(2), 25-30.

Sookyung, H., Bakken, S., Douglas, K., & Stone, P. W. (2008). Evidence-Based Staffing: Potential Roles for Informatics. Nursing Economic$, 26(3), 151-173.

Adams, Susan Louisa. 2016. “Influences of Turnover, Retention, and Job Embeddedness in Nursing Workforce Literature.” Online Journal Of Rural Nursing & Health Care 16, no. 2: 168-195. CINAHL Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed July 30, 2018).

Foster, S. (2015). Setting our sights on a Pathway to practice improvement. British Journal Of Nursing, 24(20), 1043. doi:10.12968/bjon.2015.24.20.1043 NRS 490 Capstone Project Topic Selection and Approval GCU Examples.

Nelson, I. E. (2017). Nurse Manager Perceptions of Work Overload and Strategies to Address It. Nurse Leader, 15406-408. doi:10.1016/j.mnl.2017.09.009

Maas, M. L., Specht, J. P., Buckwalter, K. C., Gittler, J., & Bechen, K. (2015). Nursing Home Staffing and Training Recommendations for Promoting Older Adults’ Quality of Care and Life Part 2. Increasing Nurse Staffing and Training. Research In Gerontological Nursing, 1(2), 134-152.

DATA BITS. Does Shift Length Affect Patient Outcomes and Nurse Satisfaction?. (2013). Kentucky Nurse, 61(4), 3.

Jones, T. L., Murry, N., & Hamilton, P. (2013). Unfinished nursing care, missed care, and implicitly rationed care: State of the science review. International Journal Of Nursing Studies, 52(6), 1121-1137 NRS 490 Capstone Project Topic Selection and Approval GCU Examples.

 

NRS 490 Capstone Project Topic Selection and Approval GCU
Examples
2

Identified Problem

After meeting with the approved mentor and reviewing current problems within the clinical practicum site. It was decided that Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI) would be the focus of the research project. It was identified that this site has struggled with reaching its zero CLABSI goal.

Setting

           
The practicum site is a 640 bed multi-specialty, teaching level 1 trauma center. The hospital has an associated and attached clinical setting. There is also a level 4 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) within the facility. The facility is stroke certified and is a primary heart attack center. The majority of the patients are adults. NRS 490 Capstone Project Topic Selection and Approval GCU Examples.

Problem Description

           
CLABSI’s are usually preventable and avoidable (Haddadin & Hariharan, 2019). It is estimated that as many as 250,000 CLABSI’s occur each year and that the average cost of treatment is around $46,000 per occurrence (Haddadin & Hariharan, 2019).  More than 30,000 of those infections occurring in Intensive Care Units (ICU) alone, in the United States (US) (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2019).

Impact of the Problem

CLABSI’s increase the cost of healthcare and cause unnecessary patient deaths each year (Haddadin & Hariharan, 2019). This is such a large and preventable problem that Joint Commission has listed CLABSI as one of the problems affecting patient’s health in the US (Joint Commission, 2012). CLABSI’s increase the morbidity and mortality of hospitalized patients each year (CDC, 2019). NRS 490 Capstone Project Topic Selection and Approval GCU Examples.

Significance of the Problem

CLABSI’s increase length of stay and patient morbidity and mortality rates (CDC, 2019). Increased length of stay increases the burden on nursing to continue to care for acutely ill patients. Nursing is the patients first line of defense against CLABSI’s. Nurses maintain and often place central lines. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) will not reimburse for CLABSI’s incurred in inpatient settings (CMS, 2018).

Proposed Solution

An approach from multiple angles seems to be the best option for the facility to reach its zero CLABSI goal. The first change in practice would be to implement the use of alternative venous access devices when appropriate. The initiation of a central line placement protocol and checklist as well as the use of a central line care bundle. Reducing the number of patients who have central lines in place by removing them as soon as the patient no longer requires central access for the prescribed treatment or by screening patients for the need before a central line is placed can greatly reduce CLABSI rates. NRS 490 Capstone Project Topic Selection and Approval GCU Examples. Central line placement protocols for nurse led vascular access teams requiring two nurses to be present during the placement of central lines along with a real time checklist can reduce the risk of CLABSI related to placement. The use of central line care bundles can help reduce CLABSI rates by notifying staff as soon as a central line is no longer needed, the use of a sterile central line dressing change kit and requirement of two nurses being present during all dressing changes can also greatly reduce CLABSI rates.

 

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019). Blood infection event (Central-line associated bloodstream infection and non-central line associated bloodstream infection). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/pdfs/pscmanual/4psc_clabscurrent.pdf

Haddadin, Y., & Hariharan, R. (2019). Central line associated blood stream infections. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430891/ NRS 490 Capstone Project Topic Selection and Approval GCU Examples

Joint Commission (2012). New monograph aims to decrease central line associated bloodstream infections. Retrieved from https://www.pwrnewmedia.com/2012/joint_commission/clabsi/

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (2018). Hospital acquired condition reduction program. Retrieved from https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/AcuteInpatientPPS/HAC-Reduction-Program.html NRS 490 Capstone Project Topic Selection and Approval GCU Examples

AMP-450V Module 2 Developing a Shared Vision Essay

Leadership and Vocation – Communication, Collaboration and Developing a Shared Vision

Grand Canyon University

ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

Choose two issues or challenges that the leaders of today’s health care organizations face. Select from among the following topics:

Staff Shortage (Physicians, Nurses, Allied Health Providers, Ancillary Services)

Reorganization in Response to Merger or Consolidation of Services

Layoffs as a Result of Declining Revenues

Influx of Registry, Part-Time, and Temporary Contract Staff

Poor Performance Outcomes Leading to a Reduction in Medicare Reimbursement Dollars

Poor Job Satisfaction Rates Resulting in Turnover

AMP-450V Module 2 Developing a Shared Vision Essay

You are the manager of an ancillary service department at a large, 500+ bed hospital. Develop a proposal (750-1,200 words) that is directed toward your staff, in which you address the following:

Inform the staff of the two issues (from the topics provided) your organization is facing.

Describe the impact of these issues on your department.

Describe how improved communication, collaboration, and teamwork can improve conditions in your department.

Identify at least two examples from the required or recommended readings of techniques found to foster inclusion and improve communication and collaboration. AMP-450V Module 2 Developing a Shared Vision Essay

A minimum of three academic references from credible sources are required for this assignment.

Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. AMP-450V Module 2 Developing a Shared Vision Essay

 

AMP-450V Module 2 Developing a Shared Vision Essay

Nursing shortage continues to affect many healthcare facilities in America and is expected to be more severe given nurses will have to compensate for the shortage by working for long hours. The situation is complicated by the increase in the number of the aging nursing workforce, low unemployment, and the global trend that accounts for the shortages (Catalano, 2015).

This paper is a proposal that addresses nursing shortage and poor job satisfaction by exploring how these problems can be tackled through both short term, and long-term measures to incorporate sustained changes, among employees of an ancillary department of a large 500-bed hospital. AMP-450V Module 2 Developing a Shared Vision Essay. As the manager of the nursing department, I have decided to take the lead in bringing this to the attention of the staff and suggest solutions to it. AMP-450V Module 2 Developing a Shared Vision Essay. This issue has impacted my department tremendously. It has led to poor job satisfaction rates resulting in higher turnover rates.

Nursing Shortage Needs  

Modern healthcare facilities have challenges in meeting adequate supply of nurses, and developing solutions that address critical areas in education, healthcare delivery systems, and policies (Catalano, 2015).

The nursing shortage experienced today is different from the one experienced in the past; however, some factors that contribute to the shortages have remained the same with notable differences in the number of modern women pursuing career choices, age disparities in professional, shortage of support staff, and changes in global trend. Moreover, important changes in patient care environment contribute to decreasing length of stay in hospital,  improvement in ambulatory and acute care, improvement in home care, availability of skilled staff, and experts (Catalano,  2015) AMP-450V Module 2 Developing a Shared Vision Essay.

Economists view the shortage in Nursing as driven more by the balance between the demand and supply forces which is a complex situation likely to worsen in the near future  given more nurses will  retire from work. Previous efforts relied on temporary measures to retain staff such as awarding of bonuses and attractive premiums, which have not been successful, and mainly concentrate on redistributing the supply of nurses without addressing increase in nursing professionals. While the solutions continue to gain popularity as seen in newspaper advertisements, they are faulted for not being radical, and have failed to address past shortages and long-term issues (Couig & Kelley, 2012).  I remember when there were more nurses graduating then could be placed in Minnesota.  Friends were moving out of the state to find positions.  That caused a reduction of students going into the field.  Now we are seeing the opposite.  The same is holding true for teachers.  AMP-450V Module 2 Developing a Shared Vision Essay. We are now facing a teacher shortage in some areas.  It is indeed a cycle that works with demand and supply.

Key Areas to Address

Solutions for addressing proposed nursing shortage in resource limited health settings must account for the changing needs of care that traces the shortages to lapses in past needs that failed to develop strategies for managing them. Important distinctions should be made between the traditional role of manager, and the managed, and between the work environment and home. In addition, there is need to embrace modern technology to reduce the backlog of care by redefining the way work is done. Again, it is important to consider that the labor market faces stiffer competition, with hospitals competing more to hire and retain the best staff, which should put in place the best conditions to retain workers. We therefore need to offer bonuses to employees who sign longer contracts with the hospital. We must also offer lucrative benefits like tuition reimbursements to encourage those who wants to further their education to be able to do so. These measures will allow us to compete with other hospitals for competent staff.

Hywowitz (2000) points at important trends to be considered in managing the nursing shortages that continues to evolve over time. First, remuneration should be given utmost consideration given that employees today balance between the value of   personal time and the pay. Second, balancing professional and personal roles requires employees to be allowed to be active both at work and at home, and should not be allowed to choose between the two. Third, there is need to raise high cadre staff who should be provided with conducive working environment, and allowed enough time to participate in informal groups that suites their roles. AMP-450V Module 2 Developing a Shared Vision Essay Fourth, integrating home and work roles offer employees more freedom to handle their professional and personal lives (Couig & Kelley, 2012).

Fifth, provides for accounting for different employees needs based on ages and preferences, which has been found to give nurses autonomy, particularly when dealing with generation X employees who prefer greater autonomy and reduced bureaucracy. In fact, some employees opt for working independently which can be incorporated in temporary healthcare settings. Last, nursing shortages can be addressed through collaborative management, which increases the functions of teams by eliminating hierarchy AMP-450V Module 2 Developing a Shared Vision Essay. The arrangement allows workers autonomy to work in teams that are supervised by the manager (Couig & Kelley, 2012).

Poor Job satisfaction

Poor job satisfaction affects workers in many ways, and can adversely impair their output and commitment to goals.  A study published by the international Achieves of occupational Health found workers who reported low job satisfaction as likely to experience several other issues that affected negatively on their work.  Four areas contributing to poor job satisfaction includes job related stress, poor morale, lack of productivity, and high employees turn over (Riggio, 2015).

Job related stress occurs when employees are not happy with their jobs, which may cause them to experience or report stress on the job. Employees who are happy at work are less likely to report feeling stressed out by their jobs.  The nature of nursing jobs exposes employees to long working hours which when not balanced may cause burnouts and aggravate the situation (Riggio, 2015).

Second, poor job moral concerns employees who may feel miserable at their work because of sharing experiences with other employees with negative attitudes. The effects of this   spread quickly at the work place, which must be remedied quickly to prevent them from affecting the overall morale at the work place (Riggio, 2015) AMP-450V Module 2 Developing a Shared Vision Essay.

 

Third relates to lack of productivity, which often accompanies   low job satisfaction and in turn may create high turnover among employees. Employees are not likely to remain in jobs that they do not enjoy doing; hence, managers are challenged to find ways of motivating employees to retain high quality staff (Riggio, 2015).

Fourth relates to low job satisfaction resulting from high employees turn over, which sooner causes employees to quit jobs they earlier enjoyed doing. This presents a challenge to companies, which may want to retain the highly qualified staff, and managers are encouraged to find new ways of increasing job satisfaction.

Solutions   

Motivation needs must reconsider valuing workers and should incorporate initiatives at the local level that provides for adequate compensation and conducive working environment (Catalano, 2015)

Process theories are applicable in motivating nurses with low morale, and follow endogenous theories that mediate variables such as expectancies and attitudes, which can be modified to suit workers’ needs. Relevant for the manager is to apply the four endogenous theories that promote greater outputs and boost morale. AMP-450V Module 2 Developing a Shared Vision Essay.

First concerns the need to concentrate on internal processes to be mediated, which affects workers’ conditions and performances. Second involves meeting people’s expectations, which entail efforts that reward good performance, and value outcomes. This is closely related to equity theory that provides for fair conditions and commensurate inputs from both the employer and the employee (Catalano, 2015).

Last, managers should seek to promote intentional goals, and base it on performance when determining employees’ commitment to goals (Catalano, 2015) AMP-450V Module 2 Developing a Shared Vision Essay.

Conclusion

Managers should understand that behaviors in the organizations are learned, and depends on the perception, attitudes and goals. Consequently, this affects emotional reactions and skills that can be reinforced through practice. Last, nursing shortages can be addressed through collaborative management, which increases the functions of teams by eliminating hierarchy. The arrangement allows workers autonomy to work in teams that are supervised by the manager. As a manager, I think this proposal is the road map to resolving the problem of nursing shortage. AMP-450V Module 2 Developing a Shared Vision Essay.

 

References

Catalano, J. T. (2015).
Nursing now!: Today’s issues, tomorrow’s trends
. Philadelphia, PA : F.A. Davis Company

Couig, M. P., & Kelley, P. W. (2012).
Annual review of nursing research: Disasters and humanitarian assistance
. New York: Springer Publishing Company AMP-450V Module 2 Developing a Shared Vision Essay.

Roussel, L., Swansburg, R. J., & Swansburg, R. C. (2006).
Management and leadership for nurse administrators
. Sudbury: Jones and Bartlett.

Riggio, R. ( 2015).
Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology
. New York: Routledge AMP-450V Module 2 Developing a Shared Vision Essay