Tag: Software Engineering & Algorithms

  • [Solved] HIMS 645 D8

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    A Decision Support System (DSS) is an information system that guides the provider in the process of making clinical, financial, and operational decisions. A typical healthcare facility, like a hospital, may use several DSS to support its diverse operations. Evaluate the impact of various DSS in any …

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    A Decision Support System (DSS) is an information system that guides the provider in the process of making clinical, financial, and operational decisions. A typical healthcare facility, like a hospital, may use several DSS to support its diverse operations. Evaluate the impact of various DSS in any healthcare facility (hospital, ambulatory, urgent care, nursing home) with clinical, operational, financial, supply chain and human resources functions. What could be possible risks of not using these decisions-making tools for the organization?Why? Cite an example of using DSS and assess its reliability in decision-making. Explain your reasoning.

    Your initial post comprising a minimum of 250 words

  • [Solved] HIMS 645 ASS8

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    **files (1)** – ## ASSIGNMENT8DUEMARCH2.docx **## ASSIGNMENT8DUEMARCH2.docx** Using Internet resources, search _three national and three international_ healthcare organizations that maintain databases and use the information based on the processed data from these databases in their decision-making p…

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    **files (1)**

    – ## ASSIGNMENT8DUEMARCH2.docx

    **## ASSIGNMENT8DUEMARCH2.docx**

    Using Internet resources, search
    _three national and three international_ healthcare organizations that maintain databases and use the information based on the processed data from these databases in their decision-making process. Briefly describe the organizations and types of data contained in their databases (make sure to remember quality of data points and the processing functions of the tool). Analyze how that data is processed and converted into information to meet specific requirements. How the received information is used for decision-making. Are there shortcomings of such approach? Offer one-two for the review. How to overcome them?

    Your APA formatted assignment comprising 2-4, double-spaced, typed in 12-point Times New Roman (or 11- point Calibri) excluding the Cover and Reference pages should be submitted by Tuesday mid-night. 2 credible sources minimum should be used to support your ideas and conclusions.

    **## ASSIGNMENT8DUEMARCH2.docx**

    Using Internet resources, search
    _three national and three international_ healthcare organizations that maintain databases and use the information based on the processed data from these databases in their decision-making process. Briefly describe the organizations and types of data contained in their databases (make sure to remember quality of data points and the processing functions of the tool). Analyze how that data is processed and converted into information to meet specific requirements. How the received information is used for decision-making. Are there shortcomings of such approach? Offer one-two for the review. How to overcome them?

    Your APA formatted assignment comprising 2-4, double-spaced, typed in 12-point Times New Roman (or 11- point Calibri) excluding the Cover and Reference pages should be submitted by Tuesday mid-night. 2 credible sources minimum should be used to support your ideas and conclusions.

  • [Solved] HIMS 655 D8

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    Part 1 Medical Coding and Documentation inaccuracies result in missed revenue and reduced cash flow for healthcare organizations and to avert such situations Auditing and Compliance specialists regularly conduct _validation_ reviews. What these specialists look for in the medical documents? How they…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    Part 1

    Medical Coding and Documentation inaccuracies result in missed revenue and reduced cash flow for healthcare organizations and to avert such situations Auditing and Compliance specialists regularly conduct _validation_ reviews.

    What these specialists look for in the medical documents? How they ensure synergism between the medical documents and ICD/CPT codes? How many medical documents they review as a sample? Why is that so?  How do they resolve coding mismatch situations? What could be the consequences of lack of the validation programs on the healthcare facility's financial health? Would it have impact on the facility's accreditation status also?

    Part 2

    Watch the YouTube video on [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rKnj0OrZnSA](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rKnj0OrZnSA) ICD-10-CM Guidelines and conduct the following activities individually for self-check. After that offer a reflection on the experience on the learning activity in the discussion. Do you think the job of Auditing and Compliance Specialist is boring? Exciting? Stressful? Other?

    1.    What do the ICD codes represent?

    2.    What is the purpose of ICD-10-CM?

    3.    What are various ICD-10-CM sections and how are they labeled?

    4.    What is meant by "Conventions" for the ICD-10-CM?

    5.    Where would you start looking for the ICD-10-CM code?

    6.    What are the "format" and "structure" of the ICD codes?

    7.    Where is a placeholder (X) used with the ICD codes?

    8.    What do the "NEC" and "NOS" abbreviations represent in ICD-10-CM?

    9.    What is "punctuation" and its "types" in ICD-10-CM and where are they used?

    10.    What do "Include" and "Exclude" explain in ICD-10-CM?

    11.    Which condition should be coded "first" if multiple medical conditions exist?

    12.    What do the "AND" and "WITH" indicate in ICD-10-CM?

    13.    What do "See" and "See Also" mean in ICD-10CM?

    14.    What are "Default Codes" in ICD-10CM and what do they represent?

    15.    Which statement of the provider documentation determines the code assignment?

    Offer a reflection on the experience on the learning activity.

    Your initial post comprising a minimum of 250 words

  • [Solved] chief information security officer

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    explain the business case for the purchase of the new e-mail system

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    explain the business case for the purchase of the new e-mail system

  • [Solved] Cybersecurity leaders know that they must keep their security program relevant.

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    **Scenario** Innovation is a hallmark of continuous improvement and is necessary to ensure program relevance.

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    **Scenario**

    Innovation is a hallmark of continuous improvement and is necessary to ensure program relevance.

  • [Solved] Computer Science Assignment – Evaluate Increased Technology Use and Dependence

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    This assignment will be submitted to Turnitin™. One can predict the use of innovative technologies by organizations a few years before their adoption. Few use this opportunity to integrate security plans for the increased role for technologies and other processes such as awareness, training, network…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    This assignment will be submitted to Turnitin™.

    One can predict the use of innovative technologies by organizations a few years before their adoption. Few use this opportunity to integrate security plans for the increased role for technologies and other processes such as awareness, training, networks, access controls, technology supply chain, etc. For this assignment, you will write a paper recognizing the value of new technology while adding the new risks implied with its adoption. Your target audience includes managers and executives throughout the organization.

    In your paper, make sure to:

    – Select and name a specific organization, its place in the CISA critical infrastructures, estimate existing and new technologies adopted, and the value to the organization of these changes.
    – Make sure to select an organization that is not too complicated and not too small.  Your organization should be exciting and has information about the organization on the internet.  Organizations like Facebook, Google, Microsoft, Amazon, Bank of America, and Apple are too complicated to enable a relevant analysis.
    – Your response must only consider things that have not been adopted yet and go beyond published plans for adoption.
    – Discuss potential new adoptions to the specific organization, e.g.,  multi-cloud, AI, decision science that opens bad data risks, robots, 5G, VPNs, ERP, machine learning, etc.
    – Next, provide an estimate of the criticality of these new adoptions to proper processes, leading to the risks implied.
    – Finally, your paper should discuss possible new vulnerabilities or threats resulting from the adoption of new technology.

    Length: 7 pages including original tables and images created for this assignment, not including title and reference pages

    References: Beyond the sources in this course, include a minimum of 3 additional scholarly resources from the NCU collection of recent peer-reviewed sources.

    The completed assignment should address all of the assignment requirements, exhibit evidence of concept knowledge, and demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the content presented in the course. The writing should integrate scholarly resources, reflect academic expectations and current APA standards.

    ## **Grading**

    **APA**

  • [Solved] Blockchain app programming

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    [>Python homework help](https://www.sweetstudy.com/fields/computer-science-python) i have the template provided and you will have to use the term project presentation to complete it. **files (2)** – ## TermProjectPresentation.pptx – Lab2_Questionnaire_v2TemplateIni.docx **## TermProjectPresentatio…

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    [>Python homework help](https://www.sweetstudy.com/fields/computer-science-python)

    i have the template provided and you will have to use the term project presentation to complete it.

    **files (2)**

    – ## TermProjectPresentation.pptx

    – Lab2_Questionnaire_v2TemplateIni.docx

    **## TermProjectPresentation.pptx**

    Secure-Trade

    CIS-5730 – Blockchain Applications

    TERM PROJECT PRESENTATION

    The money is stored in a digital wallet in the blockchain until two parties pass release or refund (Safe, 2026).

    The same agreement promotes quick transactions, dispute resolution, and security against irresponsible players.

    What is

    Secure-Trade is a full-stack decentralized app that is based on a 2-of-3 multi-signature smart contract instead of the traditional escrow.

    It aims at luxury resale and real estate closing high-value gap trust.

    Secure-Trade

    The project has proven to have secure payment logic, audit trails and is decentralized on the user interface. Target: less fraud, less fees and less time in closing.

    The luxury resale market faces significant challenges that complicate the buying and selling process. One major issue is the prevalence of counterfeit items, which can deceive consumers and undermine the credibility of reputable sellers. Additionally, many products lack clear histories, making it difficult for buyers to verify the authenticity and condition of items before purchasing. This uncertainty is compounded by the high costs associated with third-party authentication services, which can deter potential buyers and sellers from engaging in transactions. As a result, the market must navigate these complexities to build trust and ensure a smoother exchange between parties.

    The Problem

    Real estate closings are often affected by wire fraud, identity spoofing, and manual escrow processes, which can delay settlement.

    Both markets depend on intermediaries that can be deceived, delayed, or bribed, forcing buyers to trust off-chain assurances.

    The latest statistics indicate that the world trades in counterfeit and pirated products worth hundreds of billions of dollars annually, particularly in the U.S.

    Internet crime losses have reached unprecedented levels. Secure-Trade helps to bridge this mutual trust gap. Verifiable shared control is enhanced through multi-signature approval (OECD, 2025).

    Products Platforms Languages

    The smart contract code is developed in Solidity (0.8.x) and runs on the Ethereum Virtual Machine using the Sepolia test network.

    MetaMask offers wallet functionality and transaction signing, while Infura supplies remote node access through the JSON-RPC protocol for blockchain communication.

    In development, we use tools that allow for quick compilation and debugging. We rely on Remix, an easy-to-use web IDE, for building and testing smart contracts. We also use Hardhat to automate testing and deployment. This approach speeds up our development process and helps us quickly fix problems.

    The development workflow utilizes Remix for quick compilation and debugging, and Hardhat for comprehensive testing. Projects are initially prototyped at no cost using Replit, and then deployed to the decentralized IPFS network through services like Fleek or 4EVERLAND. For interacting with the live blockchain, MetaMask is used as the wallet for signing transactions, while Infura offers the necessary remote node access through the JSON-RPC protocol.

    How Secure-Trade Works

    Secure-Trade operates under a clearly defined escrow process designed to ensure a smooth and secure transaction between buyers and sellers.

    The seller starts by providing a detailed list of the asset, including its price and an IPFS content identifier that links to evidence files like a title packet or authenticity certificate.

    Once the asset details are submitted, the buyer deposits the funds, which are locked in escrow as the buyer opens the escrow account.

    Approval is needed from the buyer, seller, and arbiter. If any two parties approve the transaction, the contract automatically releases the funds to the seller. If both the buyer and arbiter reject the transaction, the contract returns the buyer's funds promptly.

    Every step in this process generates tracking events, ensuring transparency and accountability, as outlined in IPFS guidelines. This approach fosters trust and efficiency in the trading process.

    There are three user roles that remain consistent across industries.

    & Roles

    Users

    The arbiter examines IPFS documents and signs in agreement or disapproval, settling disputes without ever holding money directly (Kaggle, n.d)

    The third key is the Arbiter: an authenticator of luxury, or title attorney or agent of real estate.

    The Seller is a reseller or a property owner who makes delivery or paperwork prior to payment.

    The Buyer is a high-end collector or a residential buyer that chooses something or real estate and escrows the funds.

    Dataset

    Secure-Trade is a simulator that utilizes two datasets to replicate real transactions. For real estate, we use a Kaggle property transactions dataset, which provides realistic property identifiers, locations, and purchase prices to complete the listings. The luxury data includes details such as brand, serial number, photos, and certificate records.

    To handle large files, we use off-chain storage via IPFS (InterPlanetary File System), while the contract only retains a hash or CID (Content Identifier) of these files. This design is cost-effective, ensures that no personal data is stored on-chain, and can be easily repeated for demonstrations in class or online for grading purposes (Kaggle, n.d.).

    Strategy

    Hands-on Lab & Design

    Task 3

    Task 4

    Write an escrow listing in this task; one chooses an asset in the dataset and stores its IPFS CID.

    Perform the multi-signature flow: deposit, gather approvals and release or refund, and verify the results on Etherscan in live demo (Hardhat, n.d).

    The hands-on lab is structured with four repeatable tasks for students.

    Task 2

    Create an initialization of the three roles through linking the accounts of the MetaMask buyer, seller, and arbiter.

    Task 1

    Implement SecureTrade.sol to Sepolia with Hardhat and note the contract address.

    Demo A: Real Estate Flow

    A demonstration of real estate involves a single record of a property, specifically an Arizona listing priced at 0.10 test Ether.

    To start, open the DApp and select the role of Buyer. Choose the property ID and click on "Deposit" to lock in the funds.

    Next, switch to the role of Arbiter. Open the IPFS title packet linked to this transaction and sign off on the approval to proceed on-chain.

    Finally, release the funds to either the Seller or the Buyer to secure the second approval, then click on "Release."

    For transparency, you can view the Etherscan balances, the escrow state, and the transaction hash. Optionally, you may display a refund as well (Etherscan, 2023).

    Demo B: Luxury Resale Flow

    The luxury demo uses a digital item record that includes the brand, serial number, photos, and an authenticity certificate (CID). Buyers can connect their account and submit a deposit to activate the escrow process.

    The arbiter (authenticator) then reviews the IPFS-stored certificate and images to verify the item. The arbiter can approve genuine items or reject those suspected to be counterfeit (Aura Blockchain Consortium, n.d.).

    A second signature from either the buyer or seller is required to authorize a release of funds or a refund. The system is linked to provenance tracking and ownership transfer, as used in Aura Blockchain Consortium projects, with all related events displayed in the blockchain explorer.

    Conclusion & Roadmap

    Secure-Trade demonstrates a portable escrow protocol for high-value assets, leveraging on-chain approvals and off-chain evidence integrity.

    During evaluation, performance will be measured by time to settlement, number of required signatures, and the success rate of refund versus payout processes.

    To strengthen the production system, role verification, enhanced dispute-handling states, and comprehensive reentrancy and access-control testing will be implemented (IPFS, n.d.).

    Additionally, Chainlink oracles* may be integrated to automate external validations—such as price feeds and registry signals—reducing reliance on human arbiters.

    Smart contracts can be reviewed on Etherscan to promote transparency and trust at scale.

    *Chainlink oracles are services that connect blockchain smart contracts to real-world data and external systems.

    References

    Aura Blockchain Consortium. (n.d.). Aura Blockchain Consortium: blockchain for luxury goods. Retrieved February 4, 2026. https://auraconsortium.com

    Etherscan. (2023). Viewing transactions on Etherscan. Retrieved February 4, 2026. https://info.etherscan.com/viewing-transactions-on-etherscan

    Hardhat. (n.d.). Deploying to a live network (Sepolia). Retrieved February 4, 2026.
    [https://v2.hardhat.org/tutorial/deploying-to-a-live-network](https://v2.hardhat.org/tutorial/deploying-to-a-live-network)

    IPFS. (n.d.). Content Identifiers (CIDs) – Content addressing. Retrieved from: https://docs.ipfs.tech/concepts/content-addressing/#what-is-a-cid

    Kaggle. (n.d.). Real Estate Property Transactions Dataset [Data set]. Retrieved February 4, 2026. https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/subhiarjaria09/real-estate-property-transactions-dataset

    Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2025). Global trade in fake goods reached USD 467 billion, posing risks to consumer safety and compromising intellectual property. https://www.oecd.org/en/about/news/press-releases/2025/05/global-trade-in-fake-goods-reached-USD-467-billion-posing-risks-to-consumer-safety-and-compromising-intellectual-property.html

    Safe. (2026). Safe Docs. Retrieved from:https://docs.safe.global/home/what-is-safe

    Solidity. (n.d.). Solidity documentation. Retrieved February 4, 2026. https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.33

    Thank You

    For Your Attention

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    **Lab2_Questionnaire_v2TemplateIni.docx**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/lab2-questionnaire-v2templateini-docx-10505363)

    **Lab2_Questionnaire_v2TemplateIni.docx**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/lab2-questionnaire-v2templateini-docx-10505363)

    **## TermProjectPresentation.pptx**

    Secure-Trade

    CIS-5730 – Blockchain Applications

    TERM PROJECT PRESENTATION

    The money is stored in a digital wallet in the blockchain until two parties pass release or refund (Safe, 2026).

    The same agreement promotes quick transactions, dispute resolution, and security against irresponsible players.

    What is

    Secure-Trade is a full-stack decentralized app that is based on a 2-of-3 multi-signature smart contract instead of the traditional escrow.

    It aims at luxury resale and real estate closing high-value gap trust.

    Secure-Trade

    The project has proven to have secure payment logic, audit trails and is decentralized on the user interface. Target: less fraud, less fees and less time in closing.

    The luxury resale market faces significant challenges that complicate the buying and selling process. One major issue is the prevalence of counterfeit items, which can deceive consumers and undermine the credibility of reputable sellers. Additionally, many products lack clear histories, making it difficult for buyers to verify the authenticity and condition of items before purchasing. This uncertainty is compounded by the high costs associated with third-party authentication services, which can deter potential buyers and sellers from engaging in transactions. As a result, the market must navigate these complexities to build trust and ensure a smoother exchange between parties.

    The Problem

    Real estate closings are often affected by wire fraud, identity spoofing, and manual escrow processes, which can delay settlement.

    Both markets depend on intermediaries that can be deceived, delayed, or bribed, forcing buyers to trust off-chain assurances.

    The latest statistics indicate that the world trades in counterfeit and pirated products worth hundreds of billions of dollars annually, particularly in the U.S.

    Internet crime losses have reached unprecedented levels. Secure-Trade helps to bridge this mutual trust gap. Verifiable shared control is enhanced through multi-signature approval (OECD, 2025).

    Products Platforms Languages

    The smart contract code is developed in Solidity (0.8.x) and runs on the Ethereum Virtual Machine using the Sepolia test network.

    MetaMask offers wallet functionality and transaction signing, while Infura supplies remote node access through the JSON-RPC protocol for blockchain communication.

    In development, we use tools that allow for quick compilation and debugging. We rely on Remix, an easy-to-use web IDE, for building and testing smart contracts. We also use Hardhat to automate testing and deployment. This approach speeds up our development process and helps us quickly fix problems.

    The development workflow utilizes Remix for quick compilation and debugging, and Hardhat for comprehensive testing. Projects are initially prototyped at no cost using Replit, and then deployed to the decentralized IPFS network through services like Fleek or 4EVERLAND. For interacting with the live blockchain, MetaMask is used as the wallet for signing transactions, while Infura offers the necessary remote node access through the JSON-RPC protocol.

    How Secure-Trade Works

    Secure-Trade operates under a clearly defined escrow process designed to ensure a smooth and secure transaction between buyers and sellers.

    The seller starts by providing a detailed list of the asset, including its price and an IPFS content identifier that links to evidence files like a title packet or authenticity certificate.

    Once the asset details are submitted, the buyer deposits the funds, which are locked in escrow as the buyer opens the escrow account.

    Approval is needed from the buyer, seller, and arbiter. If any two parties approve the transaction, the contract automatically releases the funds to the seller. If both the buyer and arbiter reject the transaction, the contract returns the buyer's funds promptly.

    Every step in this process generates tracking events, ensuring transparency and accountability, as outlined in IPFS guidelines. This approach fosters trust and efficiency in the trading process.

    There are three user roles that remain consistent across industries.

    & Roles

    Users

    The arbiter examines IPFS documents and signs in agreement or disapproval, settling disputes without ever holding money directly (Kaggle, n.d)

    The third key is the Arbiter: an authenticator of luxury, or title attorney or agent of real estate.

    The Seller is a reseller or a property owner who makes delivery or paperwork prior to payment.

    The Buyer is a high-end collector or a residential buyer that chooses something or real estate and escrows the funds.

    Dataset

    Secure-Trade is a simulator that utilizes two datasets to replicate real transactions. For real estate, we use a Kaggle property transactions dataset, which provides realistic property identifiers, locations, and purchase prices to complete the listings. The luxury data includes details such as brand, serial number, photos, and certificate records.

    To handle large files, we use off-chain storage via IPFS (InterPlanetary File System), while the contract only retains a hash or CID (Content Identifier) of these files. This design is cost-effective, ensures that no personal data is stored on-chain, and can be easily repeated for demonstrations in class or online for grading purposes (Kaggle, n.d.).

    Strategy

    Hands-on Lab & Design

    Task 3

    Task 4

    Write an escrow listing in this task; one chooses an asset in the dataset and stores its IPFS CID.

    Perform the multi-signature flow: deposit, gather approvals and release or refund, and verify the results on Etherscan in live demo (Hardhat, n.d).

    The hands-on lab is structured with four repeatable tasks for students.

    Task 2

    Create an initialization of the three roles through linking the accounts of the MetaMask buyer, seller, and arbiter.

    Task 1

    Implement SecureTrade.sol to Sepolia with Hardhat and note the contract address.

    Demo A: Real Estate Flow

    A demonstration of real estate involves a single record of a property, specifically an Arizona listing priced at 0.10 test Ether.

    To start, open the DApp and select the role of Buyer. Choose the property ID and click on "Deposit" to lock in the funds.

    Next, switch to the role of Arbiter. Open the IPFS title packet linked to this transaction and sign off on the approval to proceed on-chain.

    Finally, release the funds to either the Seller or the Buyer to secure the second approval, then click on "Release."

    For transparency, you can view the Etherscan balances, the escrow state, and the transaction hash. Optionally, you may display a refund as well (Etherscan, 2023).

    Demo B: Luxury Resale Flow

    The luxury demo uses a digital item record that includes the brand, serial number, photos, and an authenticity certificate (CID). Buyers can connect their account and submit a deposit to activate the escrow process.

    The arbiter (authenticator) then reviews the IPFS-stored certificate and images to verify the item. The arbiter can approve genuine items or reject those suspected to be counterfeit (Aura Blockchain Consortium, n.d.).

    A second signature from either the buyer or seller is required to authorize a release of funds or a refund. The system is linked to provenance tracking and ownership transfer, as used in Aura Blockchain Consortium projects, with all related events displayed in the blockchain explorer.

    Conclusion & Roadmap

    Secure-Trade demonstrates a portable escrow protocol for high-value assets, leveraging on-chain approvals and off-chain evidence integrity.

    During evaluation, performance will be measured by time to settlement, number of required signatures, and the success rate of refund versus payout processes.

    To strengthen the production system, role verification, enhanced dispute-handling states, and comprehensive reentrancy and access-control testing will be implemented (IPFS, n.d.).

    Additionally, Chainlink oracles* may be integrated to automate external validations—such as price feeds and registry signals—reducing reliance on human arbiters.

    Smart contracts can be reviewed on Etherscan to promote transparency and trust at scale.

    *Chainlink oracles are services that connect blockchain smart contracts to real-world data and external systems.

    References

    Aura Blockchain Consortium. (n.d.). Aura Blockchain Consortium: blockchain for luxury goods. Retrieved February 4, 2026. https://auraconsortium.com

    Etherscan. (2023). Viewing transactions on Etherscan. Retrieved February 4, 2026. https://info.etherscan.com/viewing-transactions-on-etherscan

    Hardhat. (n.d.). Deploying to a live network (Sepolia). Retrieved February 4, 2026.
    [https://v2.hardhat.org/tutorial/deploying-to-a-live-network](https://v2.hardhat.org/tutorial/deploying-to-a-live-network)

    IPFS. (n.d.). Content Identifiers (CIDs) – Content addressing. Retrieved from: https://docs.ipfs.tech/concepts/content-addressing/#what-is-a-cid

    Kaggle. (n.d.). Real Estate Property Transactions Dataset [Data set]. Retrieved February 4, 2026. https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/subhiarjaria09/real-estate-property-transactions-dataset

    Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2025). Global trade in fake goods reached USD 467 billion, posing risks to consumer safety and compromising intellectual property. https://www.oecd.org/en/about/news/press-releases/2025/05/global-trade-in-fake-goods-reached-USD-467-billion-posing-risks-to-consumer-safety-and-compromising-intellectual-property.html

    Safe. (2026). Safe Docs. Retrieved from:https://docs.safe.global/home/what-is-safe

    Solidity. (n.d.). Solidity documentation. Retrieved February 4, 2026. https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.33

    Thank You

    For Your Attention

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    **Lab2_Questionnaire_v2TemplateIni.docx**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/lab2-questionnaire-v2templateini-docx-10505363)

    **## TermProjectPresentation.pptx**

    Secure-Trade

    CIS-5730 – Blockchain Applications

    TERM PROJECT PRESENTATION

    The money is stored in a digital wallet in the blockchain until two parties pass release or refund (Safe, 2026).

    The same agreement promotes quick transactions, dispute resolution, and security against irresponsible players.

    What is

    Secure-Trade is a full-stack decentralized app that is based on a 2-of-3 multi-signature smart contract instead of the traditional escrow.

    It aims at luxury resale and real estate closing high-value gap trust.

    Secure-Trade

    The project has proven to have secure payment logic, audit trails and is decentralized on the user interface. Target: less fraud, less fees and less time in closing.

    The luxury resale market faces significant challenges that complicate the buying and selling process. One major issue is the prevalence of counterfeit items, which can deceive consumers and undermine the credibility of reputable sellers. Additionally, many products lack clear histories, making it difficult for buyers to verify the authenticity and condition of items before purchasing. This uncertainty is compounded by the high costs associated with third-party authentication services, which can deter potential buyers and sellers from engaging in transactions. As a result, the market must navigate these complexities to build trust and ensure a smoother exchange between parties.

    The Problem

    Real estate closings are often affected by wire fraud, identity spoofing, and manual escrow processes, which can delay settlement.

    Both markets depend on intermediaries that can be deceived, delayed, or bribed, forcing buyers to trust off-chain assurances.

    The latest statistics indicate that the world trades in counterfeit and pirated products worth hundreds of billions of dollars annually, particularly in the U.S.

    Internet crime losses have reached unprecedented levels. Secure-Trade helps to bridge this mutual trust gap. Verifiable shared control is enhanced through multi-signature approval (OECD, 2025).

    Products Platforms Languages

    The smart contract code is developed in Solidity (0.8.x) and runs on the Ethereum Virtual Machine using the Sepolia test network.

    MetaMask offers wallet functionality and transaction signing, while Infura supplies remote node access through the JSON-RPC protocol for blockchain communication.

    In development, we use tools that allow for quick compilation and debugging. We rely on Remix, an easy-to-use web IDE, for building and testing smart contracts. We also use Hardhat to automate testing and deployment. This approach speeds up our development process and helps us quickly fix problems.

    The development workflow utilizes Remix for quick compilation and debugging, and Hardhat for comprehensive testing. Projects are initially prototyped at no cost using Replit, and then deployed to the decentralized IPFS network through services like Fleek or 4EVERLAND. For interacting with the live blockchain, MetaMask is used as the wallet for signing transactions, while Infura offers the necessary remote node access through the JSON-RPC protocol.

    How Secure-Trade Works

    Secure-Trade operates under a clearly defined escrow process designed to ensure a smooth and secure transaction between buyers and sellers.

    The seller starts by providing a detailed list of the asset, including its price and an IPFS content identifier that links to evidence files like a title packet or authenticity certificate.

    Once the asset details are submitted, the buyer deposits the funds, which are locked in escrow as the buyer opens the escrow account.

    Approval is needed from the buyer, seller, and arbiter. If any two parties approve the transaction, the contract automatically releases the funds to the seller. If both the buyer and arbiter reject the transaction, the contract returns the buyer's funds promptly.

    Every step in this process generates tracking events, ensuring transparency and accountability, as outlined in IPFS guidelines. This approach fosters trust and efficiency in the trading process.

    There are three user roles that remain consistent across industries.

    & Roles

    Users

    The arbiter examines IPFS documents and signs in agreement or disapproval, settling disputes without ever holding money directly (Kaggle, n.d)

    The third key is the Arbiter: an authenticator of luxury, or title attorney or agent of real estate.

    The Seller is a reseller or a property owner who makes delivery or paperwork prior to payment.

    The Buyer is a high-end collector or a residential buyer that chooses something or real estate and escrows the funds.

    Dataset

    Secure-Trade is a simulator that utilizes two datasets to replicate real transactions. For real estate, we use a Kaggle property transactions dataset, which provides realistic property identifiers, locations, and purchase prices to complete the listings. The luxury data includes details such as brand, serial number, photos, and certificate records.

    To handle large files, we use off-chain storage via IPFS (InterPlanetary File System), while the contract only retains a hash or CID (Content Identifier) of these files. This design is cost-effective, ensures that no personal data is stored on-chain, and can be easily repeated for demonstrations in class or online for grading purposes (Kaggle, n.d.).

    Strategy

    Hands-on Lab & Design

    Task 3

    Task 4

    Write an escrow listing in this task; one chooses an asset in the dataset and stores its IPFS CID.

    Perform the multi-signature flow: deposit, gather approvals and release or refund, and verify the results on Etherscan in live demo (Hardhat, n.d).

    The hands-on lab is structured with four repeatable tasks for students.

    Task 2

    Create an initialization of the three roles through linking the accounts of the MetaMask buyer, seller, and arbiter.

    Task 1

    Implement SecureTrade.sol to Sepolia with Hardhat and note the contract address.

    Demo A: Real Estate Flow

    A demonstration of real estate involves a single record of a property, specifically an Arizona listing priced at 0.10 test Ether.

    To start, open the DApp and select the role of Buyer. Choose the property ID and click on "Deposit" to lock in the funds.

    Next, switch to the role of Arbiter. Open the IPFS title packet linked to this transaction and sign off on the approval to proceed on-chain.

    Finally, release the funds to either the Seller or the Buyer to secure the second approval, then click on "Release."

    For transparency, you can view the Etherscan balances, the escrow state, and the transaction hash. Optionally, you may display a refund as well (Etherscan, 2023).

    Demo B: Luxury Resale Flow

    The luxury demo uses a digital item record that includes the brand, serial number, photos, and an authenticity certificate (CID). Buyers can connect their account and submit a deposit to activate the escrow process.

    The arbiter (authenticator) then reviews the IPFS-stored certificate and images to verify the item. The arbiter can approve genuine items or reject those suspected to be counterfeit (Aura Blockchain Consortium, n.d.).

    A second signature from either the buyer or seller is required to authorize a release of funds or a refund. The system is linked to provenance tracking and ownership transfer, as used in Aura Blockchain Consortium projects, with all related events displayed in the blockchain explorer.

    Conclusion & Roadmap

    Secure-Trade demonstrates a portable escrow protocol for high-value assets, leveraging on-chain approvals and off-chain evidence integrity.

    During evaluation, performance will be measured by time to settlement, number of required signatures, and the success rate of refund versus payout processes.

    To strengthen the production system, role verification, enhanced dispute-handling states, and comprehensive reentrancy and access-control testing will be implemented (IPFS, n.d.).

    Additionally, Chainlink oracles* may be integrated to automate external validations—such as price feeds and registry signals—reducing reliance on human arbiters.

    Smart contracts can be reviewed on Etherscan to promote transparency and trust at scale.

    *Chainlink oracles are services that connect blockchain smart contracts to real-world data and external systems.

    References

    Aura Blockchain Consortium. (n.d.). Aura Blockchain Consortium: blockchain for luxury goods. Retrieved February 4, 2026. https://auraconsortium.com

    Etherscan. (2023). Viewing transactions on Etherscan. Retrieved February 4, 2026. https://info.etherscan.com/viewing-transactions-on-etherscan

    Hardhat. (n.d.). Deploying to a live network (Sepolia). Retrieved February 4, 2026.
    [https://v2.hardhat.org/tutorial/deploying-to-a-live-network](https://v2.hardhat.org/tutorial/deploying-to-a-live-network)

    IPFS. (n.d.). Content Identifiers (CIDs) – Content addressing. Retrieved from: https://docs.ipfs.tech/concepts/content-addressing/#what-is-a-cid

    Kaggle. (n.d.). Real Estate Property Transactions Dataset [Data set]. Retrieved February 4, 2026. https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/subhiarjaria09/real-estate-property-transactions-dataset

    Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2025). Global trade in fake goods reached USD 467 billion, posing risks to consumer safety and compromising intellectual property. https://www.oecd.org/en/about/news/press-releases/2025/05/global-trade-in-fake-goods-reached-USD-467-billion-posing-risks-to-consumer-safety-and-compromising-intellectual-property.html

    Safe. (2026). Safe Docs. Retrieved from:https://docs.safe.global/home/what-is-safe

    Solidity. (n.d.). Solidity documentation. Retrieved February 4, 2026. https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.33

    Thank You

    For Your Attention

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