[ANSWERED] In (1) through (10) below are some more examples from Kwamera, and two closely related languages,…

In (1) through (10) below are some more examples from Kwamera, and two closely related languages, Lenakel and Southwest Tanna, all languages of the Republic of Vanuatu in the southwest Pacifi c; data are from Lindstrom and Lynch (1994) and Lynch (1998). I give the original and the gloss, and your task is to suggest a translation. You will fi nd it useful to look back at Section 1.2.2.3, where the Kwamera examples are discussed in the text.
Hint
: Th ere is rarely just one correct way of translating each example; the important part here is to make sure you understand the role of the grammatical information in the glosses (in small capitals).
(1) t-r-uv-irapw (Kwamera) FUTURE3SGmove-outwards
(2) t-r-am-apri (Kwamera) FUTURE3SGCONTINUOUSsleep
Translate the ‘continuous’ prefi x
am-
using an –
ing
form of the verb in English, as in
I was sleeping
,
I’ve been sleeping
,
I will be sleeping
. Both Kwamera
am-
and English –
ing
denote an ongoing action here.
(3) iak-imiki kuri u (Kwamera) 1EXCdislike dog this
The prefix
iak-
is the form of the first person exclusive which occurs before vowels.
(4) k-rou-anumwi (Kwamera) 1INCDUALdrink
Note that the first person inclusive prefix,
k-
, does not have the same form as the first person inclusive
sa-
that we saw in (32a) in the text. The reason for this is that
sa-
is used in conjunction with a plural prefix, whilst
k-
co-occurs with a dual prefix.
(5) K-im-hal-vin-uas. (Lenakel)
3PL-PASTTRIAL-go.there-together
(6) R-im-avhi-in mun (Lenakel) 3SGPAST read-TRANS again The suffix –
in
marks the verb as TRANSITIVE (more in Chapter 2): this means that it is understood to have an object (see Section 1.3.1), and this should affect your translation.
(7) Kimlu i-imn-la-gin (Southwest Tanna) we.two.EXC 1PL-PASTDUAL-afraid
(8) Kimlu i-imn-la-hai pukah (Southwest Tanna) we.two.EXC 1PL-PASTDUAL-stab pig
Recall from Section 1.2.2.2 that the dot ‘.’ in a gloss indicates that the various pieces of grammatical information can’t be separated from each other: the
whole
form kimlu in (7) and (8) therefore has the meaning (glossed as) ‘we.two.EXC’.
(9) R-i-aamh nimwa vit ker (Lenakel) he-PAST-see house good one
(10) Nimwa taha-n r-i m-vit akin (Lenakel) house POSS-his it-PAST-good very
There is an additional point of syntactic interest concerning the element glossed as ‘good’ in (9) and (10). Can you identify how these two examples diff er?