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NURS 6053 DISCUSSION # 2: Transitioning From Closed to Open Systems sample essay

How do effective nurse leaders and others approach problem solving and decision making in organizations? As suggested in this week’s Learning Resources, systems theory provides a valuable way to assess situations and prepare to address problems.

For this week’s Discussion, you identify an issue or process that could be improved and apply knowledge and strategies related to systems theory.

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To prepare:

Review the information presented in this week’s Learning Resources on systems theory and the difference between open and closed systems.

Reflect on the practices and processes with which you are familiar in your organization. Identify one problematic issue or process that could be improved.

 Consider the problem from a closed-system perspective. Then think about how the issue or process you selected could be addressed by viewing it from an open-system perspective. How would the transition from a closed- to an open-system view help you and others to address the problem and improve outcomes? NURS 6053 DISCUSSION # 2: Transitioning From Closed to Open Systems sample essay.

Post a description of the problem that you identified in your selected organization. Explain the problem from a closed-system perspective. Then, describe how the problem could be addressed by viewing it from an open-system perspective, and explain how this modification would help you and others improve health care outcomes.

Learning Resources

Required Readings

Marquis, B. L., & Huston, C. J. (2017). Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: Theory and application (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

Review Chapter 7, “Organizational Planning”. See especially Figure 7.1.

Chapter 8, “Planned Change”

Organizational Change Associated With Nonlinear Dynamics. Read this section of Chapter 8 on planned change. Consider the role of leaders in effectively managing planned change.

Chapter 12, “Organizational Structure”. “Organizational Culture”. There are many structures organizations take, and these structures influence how the organization functions. This chapter discusses many different organizational structures and provides insights into how these structures influence the change process, as well as leadership and management. NURS 6053 DISCUSSION # 2: Transitioning From Closed to Open Systems sample essay.

Johnson, J. K., Miller, S. H., & Horowitz, S. D. (2008). Systems-based practice: Improving the safety and quality of patient care by recognizing and improving the systems in which we work. Retrieved from http://www.ahrq.gov/downloads/pub/advances2/vol2/Advances-Johnson_90.pdf

This article addresses the importance of systems-based practice (SBP) in health care workplaces. The authors state that SBP knowledge is one of six core competencies that physicians have to know in order to provide safe and proper care for their patients.

Manley, K., O’Keefe, H., Jackson, C., Pearce, J., & Smith, S. (2014). A shared purpose framework to deliver person-centred, safe and effective care: Organisational transformation using practice development methodology. FoNS 2014 International Practice Development Journal 4-(1).

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Meyer, R. M., & O’Brien-Pallas, L. L. (2010). Nursing services delivery theory: An open system approach. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66(12), 2828–2838.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

In this article, the authors examine the effects of nursing services delivery theory in large-scale organizations. Among other benefits, this theory supports multilevel phenomena and cross-level studies, and it can guide future research and the management of nursing services.

Optional Resources

Glennister, D. (2011, July). Towards a general systems theory of nursing: A literature review. Paper presented at the 55th Annual Meeting of the International Society for the System Sciences, Hull, United Kingdom. Retrieved from http://journals.isss.org/index.php/proceedings55th/article/viewFile/1717/569

Hayajneh, Y. (2007). Management for health care professionals series: Systems & systems theory. Retrieved from http://www.hayajneh.org/a/readings/Systems-Theory.pdf

NURS 6053 Week 2 Discussion

To prepare:

Review the information presented in this week’s Learning Resources on systems theory and the difference between open and closed systems.

Reflect on the practices and processes with which you are familiar in your organization. Identify one problematic issue or process that could be improved. NURS 6053 DISCUSSION # 2: Transitioning From Closed to Open Systems sample essay.

Consider the problem from a closed-system perspective. Then think about how the issue or process you selected could be addressed by viewing it from an open-system perspective. How would the transition from a closed- to an open-system view help you and others to address the problem and improve outcomes?

On the Week 2 Discussion Board, post 1 page on 
a description of the problem that you identified in your selected organization. Explain the problem from a closed-system perspective. Then, describe how the problem could be addressed by viewing it from an open-system perspective, and explain how this modification would help you and others improve health care outcomes.

Read 
a selection of your colleagues’ responses

REFERENCES

Marquis, B. L., & Huston, C. J. (2015). 
Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: Theory and application 
(8th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

Review Chapter 7, “Strategic and Operational Planning”

See especially Figure 7.1 on page 147.

Chapter 8, “Planned Change”

Chapter 12, “Organizational Structure”

“Organizational Culture” (pp. 274–276)

Johnson, J. K., Miller, S. H., & Horowitz, S. D. (2008). Systems-based practice: Improving the safety and quality of patient care by recognizing and improving the systems in which we work. Retrieved from 
http://www.ahrq.gov/downloads/pub/advances2/vol2/Advances-Johnson_90.pdf

Manley, K., O’Keefe, H., Jackson, C., Pearce, J., & Smith, S. (2014). A shared purpose framework to deliver person-centred, safe and effective care: Organisational transformation using practice development methodology. 
FoNS 2014 International Practice Development Journal 4 
(1) [2].

Meyer, R. M., & O’Brien-Pallas, L. L. (2010). Nursing services delivery theory: An open system approach. 
Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66
(12), 2828–2838.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases. NURS 6053 DISCUSSION # 2: Transitioning From Closed to Open Systems sample essay.

Assignment: Application: Systems Theory

As noted in the Learning Resources, systems theory provides a meaningful and beneficial means of examining challenges in health care organizations. To do this effectively, however, it is essential to assess all system components, as some may be relatively healthy while others are problematic.

For this Assignment, you apply systems theory to the examination of a problem in a department or a unit within a health care organization. (Note: You may use the same problem you identified for the Discussion as long as it meets the criteria for this Essay assignments: NURS 6053 Interprofessional Organizational & Systems Leadership assignment.)

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To prepare:

Review the Meyer article, “Nursing Services Delivery Theory: An Open System Approach,” in this week’s Learning Resources. Focus especially on the information presented in Table 1 (p. 2831) and Figure 2 (p. 2833). Assignment: Application: Systems Theory.

Reflect on your organization or one with which you are familiar. Within a particular department or unit in this organization, identify a problem the staff is encountering

Using Table 1 in the Meyer article as a guide, analyze the department or unit, identifying inputs, throughput, output, cycles of events, and negative feedback. Consider whether the problem you have selected relates to input, throughput, output, cycles of events, and/or negative feedback. Essay assignments: NURS 6053 Interprofessional Organizational & Systems Leadership Paper.

Think about how you could address the problem: Consider what a desired outcome would be, then formulate related goals and objectives, and translate those goals into policies and procedures.

Research professional standards that are pertinent to your identified problem.

Reflect on the organization’s mission statement and values. In addition, consider how addressing this problem would uphold the mission and values, while improving the organizational culture and climate. (Depending on the organization you have selected, you may have explored these in the Week 1 Discussion.) Assignment: Application: Systems Theory. Essay assignments: NURS 6053 Interprofessional Organizational & Systems Leadership Paper.

To complete:

By Day 7

Write a 3- to 5-page Essay assignments: NURS 6053 Interprofessional Organizational & Systems Leadership paper (page count does not include title and reference page) that addresses the following:

Describe a department or unit within a health care organization using systems theory terminology. Include a description of inputs, throughput, output, cycles of events, and negative feedback Assignment: Application: Systems Theory.

Describe the problem you identified within the department or unit using an open- systems approach, and state where the problem exists using the systems theory model (input, throughput, output, cycles of events, or negative feedback). Essay assignments: NURS 6053 Interprofessional Organizational & Systems Leadership Paper.

Based on this information, explain how you would address the problem as follows:

Formulate a desired outcome.

Identify goals and objectives that would facilitate that outcome.

Translate those goals and objectives into policies and procedures for the department or unit.

Describe relevant professional standards. Essay assignments: NURS 6053 Interprofessional Organizational & Systems Leadership Paper

Explain how your proposed resolution to the problem would uphold the organization’s mission and values and improve the culture and climate.

The Assignment, Systems Theory, is due by Day 7 of Week 2.

Reminder: The School of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The Sample Paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements. All papers submitted must use this formatting.

This Assignment is due by Day 7 of Week 2 (this week) and must be submitted through the Week 2 Assignment Link.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK2Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name Assignment: Application: Systems Theory.

Click the Week 2 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.

Click the Week 2 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.

Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK2Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.

If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.

Note: I am retired military officer: Decision making within the organizational hierarchy is typically decentralized. The top-level leaders make decisions on the organization’s goals, but decisions are made at all levels of management creating the decentralized hierarchy. Also, the formal leadership style at this organization is a combination of transactional, transformational, situational and serving leader style Assignment: Application: Systems Theory.

Note: The military culture is a unique organization in its own ways such as its mission, vision, strategic planning, and military community lifestyle. The current organization primary mission is to Treat- Teach -Train. That being said, its mission is based on deployment platforms and a teaching hospital.

Vision Statement: Superior Health Care and Readiness through prevention, innovation and partnerships (Local communities hospital and VA)

***I have included my week 1 writing discussion for reference. Assignment: Application: Systems Theory.

Organizational Structures and Leadership sample essay

In most health care settings, it is unlikely that you would hear the terms “ad hoc” or “matrix” as you walk down the hallway. Although it is helpful for any organization to delineate pathways of responsibility and authority in an organizational chart, the lived experience of these structures is most apparent through the inquiries and behaviors people share everyday.

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In your own workplace, you may find yourself wondering, who should I turn to when I have a practice dilemma? or Where can I go to learn more about this issue? Organizational Structures and Leadership sample essay. These questions speak to the intricacies of formal and informal organizational structure and leadership.

To prepare:

· Review the information presented in Chapter 12 of the course text. Focus on the information about formal versus informal structure as well as the types of organizational structures. Organizational Structures and Leadership sample essay.

· Consider the overall structure or hierarchy of your organization or one with which you are familiar. Which organizational structure best describes your organization—line (or bureaucratic), ad hoc, matrix, service line, or flat? 
Note:
 It is possible to have a combination of structures in one organization. Is decision making centralized or decentralized in this organization?

· What is the role of committees, task forces, and councils in the organization, and who is invited to join? Consider how this relates to formal and informal leadership.

· Reflect on how decisions are made within a specific department or unit. Which stakeholders provide input or influence the decision-making process? Assess this in terms of formal and informal leadership.

· To support your analysis, consider your own experiences and investigate these matters by speaking with others at the organization and reviewing available documents. Be sure to consider how the concepts of formal and informal structure and leadership relate to one another and are demonstrated in the organization and in the particular department or unit. Organizational Structures and Leadership sample essay.

Post 
a depiction of your organization’s formal structure, indicating whether it is best described as line, ad hoc, matrix, service line, flat, or a combination. Describe how decisions are made within the organization and within one department or unit in particular, noting relevant attributes of centralized/decentralized decision making. Explain the influence of formal and informal leadership on decision making within this department or unit. Organizational Structures and Leadership sample essay.

Learning Resources

Required Readings

Marquis, B. L., & Huston, C. J. (2017). 
Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: Theory and application 
(9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

· Chapter 2, “Classical Views of Leadership and Management” Organizational Structures and Leadership sample essay.

 

The information introduced through this chapter relates to this week’s Discussion, and will also be referred to in future weeks of the course.

 

· Chapter 3, “Twenty-First Century Thinking About Leadership and Management”

 

This chapter examines new thinking about leadership and management and how this may influence the future of nursing.

 

· Review Chapter 12, “Organizational Structure”

Allmark, P., Baxter, S., Goyder, E., Guillaume, L. & Crofton-Martin, G. (2013), Assessing the health benefits of advice services: Using research evidence and logic model methods to explore complex pathways. 
Health & Social Care in the Community, 21
, 59–68. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2524.2012.01087.x Organizational Structures and Leadership sample essay

 

This manuscript examines causal pathways between the provision of advice services and improvements in health. It may also be useful to commissioners and practitioners in making decisions regarding development and commissioning of advice services.

Downey, M., Parslow, S., & Smart, M. (2011). The hidden treasure in nursing leadership: Informal leaders. 
Journal of Nursing Management, 19
(4), 517–521.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases. Organizational Structures and Leadership sample essay.

 

Informal leaders can have a strong impact in the workplace. This article explores the value informal leaders can provide.

Stetler, C. B., Ritchie, J. A., Rycroft-Malone, J., & Charns, M. P. (2014). Leadership for evidence-based practice: strategic and functional behaviors for institutionalizing EBP. 
Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing
, 
11
(4), 219–226. doi:10.1111/wvn.12044

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2012a). 
Diverse organizational structures.
Baltimore, MD: Author. Organizational Structures and Leadership sample essay.

Critiquing a Change Effort

As a nurse leader, you need to have the skills and knowledge to collaborate and communicate with those who plan for and manage change. This capacity is valuable in any health care setting and for many different types of change. Furthermore, it is essential to be able to evaluate a change effort and determine if it is promoting improved outcomes and making a positive difference within the department or unit, or for the organization as a whole.

To prepare:

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· Review Chapters 7 and 8 in the course text. Focus on the strategies for planning and implementing change in an organization, as well as the roles of nurses, managers, and other health care professionals throughout this process Critiquing a Change Effort.

· Reflect on a specific change that has recently occurred in your organization or one in which you have worked previously. What was the catalyst or purpose of the change?

· How did the change affect your job and responsibilities?

· Consider the results of the change and whether or not the intended outcomes have been achieved.

· Was the change managed skillfully? Why or why not? How might the process have been improved? Critiquing a Change Effort.

By Day 3

Post 
a summary of a specific change within an organization and describe the impact of this change on your role and responsibilities. Explain the rationale for the change, and whether or not the intended outcomes have been met Critiquing a Change Effort. Assess the management of the change, and propose suggestions for how the process could have been improved.

Learning Resources

Required Readings

Marquis, B. L., & Huston, C. J. (2017). 
Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: Theory and application 
(9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

· Review Chapter 7, “Strategic and Operational Planning”

· Chapter 8, “Planned Change”

 

This chapter explores methods for facilitating change and the theoretical underpinnings of implementing effective change. Critiquing a Change Effort.

McAlearney, A., Terris, D., Hardacre, J., Spurgeon, P. Brown, C.,  Baumgart, A.,  Nyström, M. (2014). Organizational coherence in health care organizations: Conceptual guidance to facilitate quality improvement and organizational change. 
Quality Management in Health Care, 23
(4), 254–267 doi: 10.1097/QMH.0b013e31828bc37d

An international group of investigators explored the issues of organizational culture and Quality Improvement (QI) in different health care contexts and settings. The aim of the research was to examine if a core set of organizational cultural attributes are associated with successful QI systems. Critiquing a Change Effort.

Mitchell, G. (2013). Selecting the best theory to implement planned change. 
Nursing Management – UK
, 
20
(1), 32–37. doi: 10.7748/nm2013.04.20.1.32.e1013

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Shirey, M. R. (2013). Lewin’s Theory of Planned Change as a strategic resource. 
The Journal of Nursing Administration
, 
43
(2), 69–72. doi:10.1097/NNA.0b013e31827f20a9

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2012g). 
Organizational dynamics: Planned change and project planning.
Baltimore, MD: Author. Critiquing a Change Effort.

Optional Resources

Marquis, B. L., & Huston, C. J. (2017). 
Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: Theory and application 
(9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

· Chapter 9, “Time Management”

Batras, D., Duff, C., & Smith, B. J. (2014). Organizational change theory: implications for health promotion practice. 
Health Promotion International
,
 Retrieved from MEDLINE with Full Text
, EBSCO
host Critiquing a Change Effort

This article reviews select organizational change models to identify the most pertinent insights for health promotion practitioners Critiquing a Change Effort.

Application: Taking a Stand

Effective leaders have a high degree of self-awareness and know how to leverage their strengths in the workplace. Assessments are a valuable tool that professionals can use to learn more about themselves and consider how their temperament and preferences influence their interactions with others.

As you engage in this learning process, it is important to remember that everyone—regardless of temperament type or related preferences—experiences some challenges with regard to leadership. The key to success is being able to recognize and leverage your own strengths while honoring differences among your colleagues.

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At some point in your leadership career, you will encounter an ethical or moral dilemma that requires you to take a stand and defend your position. Application: Taking a Stand.

For this Assignment, you evaluate an issue and consider how you could act as a moral agent or advocate, facilitating the resolution of the issue for a positive outcome.

To prepare:

·        Consider the examples of leadership demonstrated in this week’s media presentation and the other Learning Resources. Application: Taking a Stand.

·        To further your self-knowledge, you are required to complete the Kiersey Temperament as indicated in this week’s Learning Resources. Consider your leadership style, including your strengths for leading others and include your results from Kiersey Temperament Sorter to describe potential challenges related to your leadership style.

·        Mentally survey your work environment, or one with which you are familiar, and identify a timely issue/dilemma that requires you to perform the leadership role of moral agent or advocate to improve a situation (e.g., speaking or acting on behalf of a vulnerable patient, the need for appropriate staffing, a colleague being treated unfairly). Application: Taking a Stand.

·        What ethical, moral, or legal skills, dispositions, and/or strategies would help you resolve this dilemma? Define the differences between 
ethical, moral, and legal leadership.

·        Finally, consider the values and principles that guide the nursing profession; the organization’s mission, vision, and values; the leadership and management competencies addressed in this course; and your own values and reasons for entering the profession. What motivation do you see for taking a stand on an important issue even when it is difficult to do so? Application: Taking a Stand.

To complete:

Write a 4 to 5 page paper (page count does not include title and reference page) that addresses the following:

·        Introduce the conceptual frameworks of the ethical constructs of ethics, moral, or legal standards and the purpose of the Application: Taking a Stand paper.

·        Consider  an ethical, moral, or legal dilemma that you have encountered in your work environment and describe it.

·        Analyze the moral, ethical, and legal implications utilized in this situation. Describe your role as a moral agent or advocate for this specific issue.

·        Consider your leadership styles identified by your self-assessment and determine if they act as a barrier or facilitation during this dilemma.

Self Assessment results

Guardians (SJ’s)
are the cornerstone of society, for they are the temperament given to serving and preserving our most important social institutions. Guardians have natural talent in managing goods and services–from supervision to maintenance and supply — and they use all their skills to keep things running smoothly in their families, communities, schools, churches, hospitals, and businesses Application: Taking a Stand.

Guardians can have a lot of fun with their friends, but they are quite serious about their duties and responsibilities. Guardians take pride in being dependable and trustworthy; if there’s a job to be done, they can be counted on to put their shoulder to the wheel. Guardians also believe in law and order, and sometimes worry that respect for authority, even a fundamental sense of right and wrong, is being lost. Perhaps this is why Guardians honor customs and traditions so strongly — they are familiar patterns that help bring stability to our modern, fast-paced world.

Practical and down-to-earth, Guardians believe in following the rules and cooperating with others. They are not very comfortable winging it or blazing new trails; working steadily within the system is the Guardian way, for in the long run loyalty, discipline, and teamwork get the job done right. Guardians are meticulous about schedules and have a sharp eye for proper procedures. They are cautious about change, even though they know that change can be healthy for an institution. Better to go slowly, they say, and look before you leap.

Guardians make up as much as 40 to 45 percent of the population, and a good thing, because they usually end up doing all the indispensable but thankless jobs everyone else takes for granted.

You are most comfortable when your life is structured. As a result you usually prefer a workplace that lets you create a routine you can settle into. Because you are dependable and exacting, your colleagues and customers rely on your work. Your ideal job offers you a clear chain of command, and lets you progress through a hierarchy based on your meeting expectations Application: Taking a Stand.

The School of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references.

 Course Readings

·        Marquis, B. L., & Huston, C. J. (2015). 
Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: Theory and application
 (8th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

o   Chapter 4, “Ethical Issues”

This chapter examines ethical frameworks for decision making and principles of ethical reasoning. You are also introduced to the ANA Code of Ethics and Professional Standards, MORAL decision-making model, and ethics committees. Application: Taking a Stand.

o   Chapter 5, “Legal and Legislative Issues”

Chapter 5 provides an overview of the many legal and legislative issues of which leaders and managers need to be aware. As you read this chapter, keep these issues in mind.

o   Chapter 6, “Patient, Subordinate, and Professional Advocacy”

Nurses are the best advocates for patients and the profession. This chapter examines more closely the role of becoming an advocate, patient rights, subordinate advocacy, whistle-blowing, professional advocacy, advocacy in legislation and public policy, and media.

·        Cianci, A. M., Hannah, S. T., Roberts, R. P., & Tsakumis, G. T. (2014). The effects of authentic leadership on followers’ ethical decision-making in the face of temptation: An experimental study. 
The Leadership Quarterly
, 
25
(3), 581-594. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.12.001

Abstract excerpt: The present research investigates the impact of authentic leadership on followers’ morality, operationalized as ethical decision-making, in the face of temptation. This experiment finds that authentic leadership and temptation interacted to affect individuals’ ethical decision-making. Specifically, authentic leadership significantly inhibited individuals’ from making unethical decisions in the face of temptation, whereas followers of neutral or less authentic leaders were more likely to succumb to temptation. Application: Taking a Stand.

·        Disch, J. (2014). Using Evidence-Based Advocacy to Improve the Nation’s Health. 
Nurse Leader
, 
12
(4), 28-31. doi:10.1016/j.mnl.2014.05.003

Abstract excerpt: Evidence-based practice is 1 of the 5 competencies that the Institute of Medicine has identified for all health professionals. Its intent is to employ evidence-based practice and integrate best research results, clinical expertise, and patient values to make patient care decisions. Application: Taking a Stand. This article will explore the concept of evidence-based advocacy and describe ways in which one prominent nursing organization, the American Academy of Nursing, uses evidence-based advocacy to positively impact the nation’s health and advance the nursing profession

·        Martin, M. B. (2014). Transcultural Advocacy and Policy in the Workplace: Implications for Nurses in Professional Development. 
Journal for nurses in professional development
, 
30
(1), 29-33.  doi: 10.1097/NND.0000000000000027

Abstract: This article introduces the role of nursing professional development specialists in serving as a resource for both patient and staff advocacy regarding cultural and linguistic matters. The impact of changing demographics, support for civil rights, and established policy related to culture and linguistics is emphasized. An overview of policy at local, state, and national levels is suggested to promote nursing professional development in the interest of culturally and linguistically compliant nursing practice. Application: Taking a Stand.

·        Woods, M. (2014). Beyond moral distress preserving the ethical integrity of nurses. 
Nursing Ethics
, 
21
(2), 127-128.

This guest editorial discusses the difficulties involved in dealing with those sometimes-painful moral problems encountered in practice. Application: Taking a Stand.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Family Settings Versus Individual Settings Sample Essay

Review the media, Johnson Family, I am sending the transcript.

Compare the use of cognitive behavioral therapy for families to cognitive behavioral therapy for individuals

Analyze challenges of using cognitive behavioral therapy for families.

Johnson Family Episode 3 Program Transcript

[PEOPLE SOCIALIZING AT PARTY]

MALE SPEAKER: Hey there. How you feeling?

FEMALE SPEAKER: I’m drunk.

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MALE SPEAKER: Yes, you are. Here, have some more.

FEMALE SPEAKER: I need to lay down. I don’t feel so good.

MALE SPEAKER: No, no, no, no. Not here. Not here.

FEMALE SPEAKER: Take me home.

MALE SPEAKER: I can’t leave. It’s my frat party. I actually– But I’ll tell you what, let me take you upstairs. You can use my bed. OK? Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Family Settings Versus Individual Settings Sample Essay.

FEMALE SPEAKER: Sure.

MALE SPEAKER: All right. Come on, Talia. I got you.

FEMALE SPEAKER: I remember him lying me down on a bed and then he started kissing me. I think I kissed him back. And then he started taking off my pants. I told him to stop, but I must have passed out. When I woke up later, I didn’t have anything on. I just grabbed my clothes and got the hell out of there. I feel like such a fool. I had too much to drink. I don’t know why I let it happen.

FEMALE SPEAKER: Thank you for sharing. It sounds like you still feel responsible for what happened. Has anyone else had similar feelings about something that’s happened to them?

FEMALE SPEAKER: There was this guy once, I told him no just like you. I told him really loud, but it didn’t matter. He did what he wanted anyway. He raped me. And for some reason, I blamed myself for it. It took a long time and a lot of help to realize I was wrong. It wasn’t my fault. Just like it’s not your fault. That frat boy, he’s the one to blame. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Family Settings Versus Individual Settings Sample Essay.

FEMALE SPEAKER: When it happened to me some of the people in my life, people I loved, they said it was my fault. Said that I shouldn’t have been where I was. Said it wouldn’t have happened otherwise. But it wasn’t my fault. It wasn’t. But to have people that you trust say those things about you, it’s confusing. It hurts.

FEMALE SPEAKER: Thank you for sharing your thoughts and being supportive. It’s important in a group like this.

FEMALE SPEAKER: Is it? Is it really? I’m not so sure. It hurts talking about it like this. It just, it keeps hurting

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a low-intensity psychosocial treatment approach that focuses on addressing the psychological symptoms on the understanding that eliminating them would effectively treat the condition. In essence, CBT works under the premise that the expressed psychological symptoms are all linked to the interaction between emotions, behavior, and thoughts. As such, specifically targeting emotions, behavior, and thoughts will reduce the psychological symptoms expressed (Orgeta et al., 2015; Whitaker & Cosgrove, 2015). The implication is that applying the CBT approach would entail the client working with a therapist to identify and change the emotions, behavior, and thoughts that have been maintaining the depression symptoms. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Family Settings Versus Individual Settings Sample Essay.

At the core of CBT action is the comprehension that addressing the symptoms and underlying conditions is best achieved by accepting that there is a close link between emotions, behavior, and thoughts. Although CBT has found success for individuals, it is postulated that it would achieve better results in a family setting. That is because the majority of psychological problems that individuals face transpire in a family setting and accordingly, the members of the family play a part in initiating, maintaining and exacerbating the problem (Acton, 2013). Still, CBT application in the family setting (unlike the individual setting) has some unique features. Firstly, the decision to undertake CBT for the whole family is typically made by a single family member who is a position of authority. The members not in a position of authority will infrequently refer themselves for therapy (Ekkekakis, 2013). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Family Settings Versus Individual Settings Sample Essay. Secondly, a family setting presents reinforcers and creates adequate contingencies to bring about enduring and generalizable changes. The family members have more regular interactions (compared to CBT sessions that may occur once or twice in a week) that are more influential and could either sabotage or support therapeutic gains. This is unlike individual therapy that may lack enough reinforcers and does not create adequate contingencies (Cautin & Liliekfeld, 2015). In this respect, CBT application in individual setting is distinctive from its application in a family setting. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Family Settings Versus Individual Settings Sample Essay.

References

Acton, A. (2013).
Major depressive disorders: new insights for the healthcare professional
. Atlanta, GA: Scholarly Editions.

Cautin, R. & Lilienfeld, S. (2015).
The encyclopedia of clinical psychology, volume II Cli-E
. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Ekkekakis, P. (2013).
Routledge handbook of physical activity and mental health
. New York, NY: Routledge.

Orgeta, V., Qazi, A., Spector, A. & Orrell, M. (2015). Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta-analysis.
The British Journal of Psychiatry
, 207(4), 293-298.

Whitaker, R. & Cosgrove, L. (2015).
Psychiatry under the influence: institutional corruption, social injury, and prescriptions for reform
. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Family Settings Versus Individual Settings Sample Essay.

Policy priority issue on childhood obesity

Point of reference:

Introduce your chosen policy issue, the current status, and an overview of your plan for a legislative visit.

Articulate key communication strategies involved in your approach to the legislator including plan, message, and recommendations; see Worksheet 2 and again, the focus is on evidence-based communication techniques for effective healthcare policy visit to the legislator. Policy priority issue on childhood obesity.

Provide an analysis of empirical evidence of effective communication strategies and techniques to support an effective visit and follow-up to the legislator.

Provide specific examples of the impact and/or importance of a successful visit/presentation to nursing.

Planning Your Visit (Part A)

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Guidelines and Grading Rubric

Purpose

The purpose of this assignment is to: (a) identify communication strategies that support an effective policy making-presentation/visit; (b) deliver a message and make recommendations, and (c) communicate ideas in a clear, succinct, and scholarly manner.

Due Date
: Sunday 11:59 p.m. MT at the end of Week 5

Total Points
: 100 points

Requirements

Assignment Criteria for Presentation

Introduce your chosen policy issue, the current status, and an overview of your plan for a legislative visit. Policy priority issue on childhood obesity.

Articulate key communication strategies involved in your approach to the legislator including plan, message, and recommendations; see Worksheet 2 and again, the focus is on evidence-based communication techniques for effective healthcare policy visit to the legislator.

Provide an analysis of empirical evidence of effective communication strategies and techniques to support an effective visit and follow-up to the legislator.

Provide specific examples of the impact and/or importance of a successful visit/presentation to nursing. Policy priority issue on childhood obesity.

Provide concluding statements summarizing the content.

Paper will be 2-3 pages, excluding title and reference pages, and in APA format 6
th

Five non-text book references are required as minimum.

 

Preparing the Paper

Following completion of Planning Your Visit Ungraded Worksheet 2
, target communication strategies that support an effective policymaking visit. Include a minimum of five (5) classic references or current references (published within the past 5 years) that support your policy plan, the message, recommendations, and follow-up Policy priority issue on childhood obesity.

 

Category

Points

%

Description

Introduction and Conclusion

10

10

Introduction briefly identifies your healthcare policy-priority issue, the policy itself and legislator with a plan for the policymaker visit/presentation. Concluding statements summarize content.

Empirical Evidence

50

50

Empirical evidence identifies effective communication strategies and techniques with follow-up supporting your visit to the legislator.

Specific Examples

20

20

Provide specific examples of the impact and/or importance of a successful visit/presentation to nursing. Policy priority issue on childhood obesity.

APA Format

10

10

Text, title page, and references are consistent with APA format 6
th
edition.

Writing Quality

10

10

Rules of grammar, word usage, sentence and paragraph format, and punctuation are followed. Paper length appropriate.

Total

 100

100

A quality assignment will meet or exceed all of the above requirements.

 

 

Grading Rubric

Assignment Criteria

Exceptional

(100%)

Outstanding or highest level of performance

Exceeds

(88%)

Very good or high level of performance

Meets

(80%)

Competent or satisfactory level of performance

Needs Improvement

(38%)

Poor or failing level of performance

Developing

(0)

Unsatisfactory level of performance

Content Possible Points = 100 Points Policy priority issue on childhood obesity

Introduction and Conclusion

10 Points

9 Points

8 Points

4 Points

0 Points

Introduction briefly identifies your healthcare/policy-priority issue, policy itself, and legislator with a plan for the policymaker visit/presentation. Concluding statements summarizing content have no inaccuracy. Policy priority issue on childhood obesity

Introduction of your healthcare/policy-priority issue, policy itself, and legislator with a plan for policymaker visit/presentation has rare inaccuracy. Concluding statements lack occasional important element or specificity.

Introduction of your healthcare/policy-priority issue, policy itself, and legislator with a plan for policymaker visit/presentation lacks occasional important element or specificity. Concluding statements lack occasional important element or specificity.

Introduction of your healthcare/policy-priority issue, policy itself and legislator with a plan for a policymaker visit/presentation has multiple instances of inaccuracies or is lacking content. Concluding statements have multiple instances of inaccuracies or lacks content.

No attempt at introduction or conclusion.

 Empirical Evidence

50 Points

44 Points

40 Points

19 Points

0 Points

Empirical evidence of effective communication strategies and techniques with follow-up supporting your healthcare policy-priority visit to the legislator is clearly articulated.

Empirical evidence of effective communication strategies and techniques with follow-up supporting your healthcare policy-priority visit to the legislator has a few inaccuracies.

Empirical evidence of effective communication strategies and techniques with follow-up supporting your healthcare policy-priority visit to the legislator has multiple instances of inaccuracies or lacks detail/articulation.

Empirical evidence of effective communication strategies and techniques with follow-up supporting your healthcare policy-priority visit to the legislator is missing.

No attempt at providing Empirical evidence.

 Specific Examples

20 Points

18 Points

16 Points

8 Points

0 Points

Provides specific examples of the impact and/or importance of a successful visit/presentation to nursing and has no inaccuracy and is clearly articulated.

Provides specific examples of the impact and/or importance of a successful visit/presentation to nursing and lacks occasional important elements or specificity and/or lacks clarity.

Provides specific examples of the impact and/or importance of a successful visit/presentation to nursing and has multiple instances of inaccuracies and/or lacks clarity.

No specific examples of the impact OR importance of a successful visit/presentation to nursing.

No specific examples of the impact AND importance of a successful visit/presentation to nursing.

Content Subtotal_____of 80 points

Format Possible Points =  20 Points Policy priority issue on childhood obesity

APA Format:

10 Points

9 Points

8 Points

4 Points

0 Points

Text, title page, and reference page(s) are completely consistent with APA format.

There are 1–2 APA format errors in the text, title page, and/or reference page(s).

There are 3–4 APA format errors in the text, title page, and/or reference page(s).

There are 5 APA format errors in the text, title page, and/or reference page(s).

There are 6 or more APA format errors in the text, title page, and/or reference page(s).

Writing Quality.

10 Points

9 Points

8 Points

4 Points

0 Points

Paper is appropriate in length. References include the minimum of five (5) scholarly references, excluding the course text. Rules of grammar, spelling, word usage, and punctuation are consistent with formal written work.

Policy priority issue on childhood obesity

Paper is short or long in length and/or contains fewer than 5 but more than 1 scholarly reference, excluding course text, or references utilized are not scholarly. Rules of grammar, spelling, word usage, and punctuation are consistent with formal written work with1–2 exceptions.

Paper is short or long in length and contains only 1 scholarly reference. Additional references are not scholarly. Rules of grammar, spelling, word usage, and punctuation are consistent with formal written work with 3–4 exceptions.

Paper is two or more pages short or long in length and does not contain scholarly references. References utilized are not scholarly. Rules of grammar, spelling, word usage, and punctuation are not followed with 5 errors

Paper is two or more pages short or long in length and does not contain scholarly references. References utilized are not scholarly. Rules of grammar, spelling, word usage, and punctuation are not followed with 6 or more errors.

Format Subtotal_____of  20 points

Total Points_____of  100 points

 

Provide an analysis of empirical evidence of effective communication strategies and techniques to support an effective visit and follow-up to the legislator.

The efficacy of narrative communication in policy influence efforts by nurses has been pinpointed by various studies. According to … the effectiveness of narrative communication by nurses geared towards influencing policy was heightened by nurse’s mastery of ISBAR method a core component in nursing communication skills training. Notably, ISBAR which stands for identify, situation, background assessment and recommendation enables the nurses to configure the narratives communication in succinct and easy to remember manner Policy priority issue on childhood obesity. Further, … observes that while the value of narrative communication as a strategy in policy influence efforts cannot be understated, the impact of the strategy increases when the nurse incorporates the four p’s. in this case the 4p’s denote passion when making the presentation, persuasive communication, persistence on the subject and key points and lastly, patience when making clarification when called upon. Similar assertions are evident in  …. Study which highlights a strong one on one presentation devoid of adequate follow up cannot be relied upon to instigate policy influence for the betterment of patient care. Policy priority issue on childhood obesity.

Provide specific examples of the impact and/or importance of a successful visit/presentation to nursing.

The Iranian health care amendments and establishment of the INO in 2003 offer an outstanding   example on the impact of successful presentation to nursing. According to … Iranian nurses took it upon themselves to bring about integral changes to the countries healthcare policies. Notably, the country health policy was highly centralized with the health minister as the key decision maker. As such, the nurses drafted a convincing presentation which included the problems, evidence, the need for change, and recommendation on how to go about the change. The presentation was then presented to the Islamic consultative parliament who were convinced of the need to take into account the recommendations. As a result, essential amendments were accomplished which culminated with the approval for the establishment of Iranian nurses organization. Policy priority issue on childhood obesity.

Respiratory Alterations Essay Example

To Prepare

Review the three scenarios, as well as Chapter 27 and Chapter 28 in the Huether and McCance text.

Select one of the scenarios and consider the respiratory disorder and underlying alteration associated with the type of cough described.

Identify the pathophysiology of the alteration that you associated with the cough. Respiratory Alterations Essay Example.

Select two of the following factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how the factors you selected might impact the disorder.

Consider the following three scenarios:

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Scenario 1:

Ms. Teel brings in her 7-month-old infant for evaluation. She is afraid that the baby might have respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) because she seems to be coughing a lot, and Ms. Teel heard that RSV is a common condition for infants. A detailed patient history reveals that the infant has been coughing consistently for several months. It’s never seemed all that bad. Ms. Teel thought it was just a normal thing, but then she read about RSV. Closer evaluation indicates that the infant coughs mostly at night; and, in fact, most nights the baby coughs to some extent. Additionally, Ms. Teel confirms that the infant seems to cough more when she cries. Physical examination reveals an apparently healthy age- and weight-appropriate, 7-month-old infant with breath sounds that are clear to auscultation. The infant’s medical history is significant only for eczema that was actually quite bad a few months back. Otherwise, the only remarkable history is an allergic reaction to amoxicillin that she experienced 3 months ago when she had an ear infection. Respiratory Alterations Essay Example.

Scenario 2:

Kevin is a 6-year-old boy who is brought in for evaluation by his parents. The parents are concerned that he has a really deep cough that he just can’t seem to get over. The history reveals that he was in his usual state of good health until approximately 1 week ago when he developed a profound cough. His parents say that it is deep and sounds like he is barking. He coughs so hard that sometimes he actually vomits. The cough is productive for mucus, but there is no blood in it. Kevin has had a low-grade temperature but nothing really high. His parents do not have a thermometer and don’t know for sure how high it got. Respiratory Alterations Essay Example. His past medical history is negative. He has never had childhood asthma or RSV. His mother says that they moved around a lot in his first 2 years and she is not sure that his immunizations are up to date. She does not have a current vaccination record.

Scenario 3:

Maria is a 36-year-old who presents for evaluation of a cough. She is normally a healthy young lady with no significant medical history. She takes no medications and does not smoke. She reports that she was in her usual state of good health until approximately 3 weeks ago when she developed a “really bad cold.” The cold is characterized by a profound, deep, mucus-producing cough. She denies any rhinorrhea or rhinitis—the primary problem is the cough. She develops these coughing fits that are prolonged, very deep, and productive of a lot of green sputum. She hasn’t had any fever but does have a scratchy throat. Maria has tried over-the-counter cough medicines but has not had much relief. The cough keeps her awake at night and sometimes gets so bad that she gags and dry heaves. Respiratory Alterations Essay Example.

Post a description of the disorder and underlying respiratory alteration associated with the type of cough in your selected scenario. Then, explain the pathophysiology of the respiratory alteration. Finally, explain how the factors you selected might impact the disorder.

Respiratory alteration

Scenario 3

Post a description of the disorder and underlying respiratory alteration associated with the type of cough in your selected scenario.

Maria is likely suffering from acute bronchitis. That is because her cough has been present form more than five days and is accompanied by purulent sputum. In fact, the consistency, amount and color of the sputum shows that her condition is progressing even as though she has been using over the counter medication (Porth, 2011) Respiratory Alterations Essay Example. Considering the fact that the cough has existed for close to a month and yet she does not smoke and has treated the cough with over the counter medication, it is prudent to suggest that she is likely suffering from a viral infection to the lungs. Acute bronchitis will typically first present as a cough that is accompanied by a scratchy feeling and limited sputum being produced. Overtime, the sputum becomes purulent even as the cough turns productive (Marieb & Hoehn, 2012).

Then, explain the pathophysiology of the respiratory alteration.

The symptoms reported for the condition are caused by the bronchial walls being inflamed. This results in the bronchus experiencing edema even as more mucus is produced. The consequence is infection of the lower respiratory tract that is marked by a productive cough. Although the infection of the lower respiratory tract may not persist for long, and could clear up within days even as the bronchial walls are repaired over the next several weeks (Gielen et al., 2015). Even as the repair continues, the cough perseveres. Patient with acute bronchitis will cough for more than two weeks with some exceeding a month, acting as an indication that the bronchial walls are still being repaired although the acute infection was already cleared (Copstead-Kirkhorn & Banasik, 2014).

Finally, explain how the factors you selected might impact the disorder.

The selected factor is genetics. Ghosh et al. (2013) reports that genetics could have an impact on acute bronchitis by moderating susceptibility. This is seen in the case of EPHX1 low activity diplotype gene where the presence of histidines at exons 3 and 4 increase susceptibility to particulate matter greater than 2.5 micrometers in size, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and second hand tobacco smoke (Ghosh et al., 2013). In this respect, genetics is a factor that impacts acute bronchitis as a disorder. Respiratory Alterations Essay Example.

References

Copstead-Kirkhorn, L. & Banasik, J. (2014).
Pathophysiology
(5
th
ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier Health Sciences.

Ghosh, R., Topinka, J., Joad, J., Dostal, M., Sram, R. & Hertz-Picciotto, I. (2013). Air pollutants, genes and early childhood acute bronchitis.
Mutation Research
, 749(1-2), 80-86. doi: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2013.04.001 Respiratory Alterations Essay Example

Gielen, S., Backer, G., Piepoli, M. & Wood, D. (2015).
The esc textbook of preventive cardiology: clinical practice
. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Marieb, E. & Hoehn, K. (2012).
Human anatomy and physiology
. San Francisco, CA: Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company.

Porth, C. (2011).
Essentials of pathophysiology: concepts of altered health states
. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Respiratory Alterations Essay Example.

Chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation essay example

To Prepare

Review “Asthma” in Chapter 27 of the Huether and McCance text. Identify the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation. Consider how these disorders are similar and different.

Select a patient factor different from the one you selected in this week’s Discussion: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Think about how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of both disorders. Reflect on how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment of these disorders for a patient based on the factor you selected. chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation essay example.

Review the “Mind maps—Dementia, Endocarditis, and Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)” media in the Week 2 Learning Resources. Use the examples in the media as a guide to construct two mind maps—one for chronic asthma and one for acute asthma exacerbation. Consider the epidemiology and clinical presentation of both chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation essay example.

To Complete

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Write a 3-page paper that addresses the following:

Describe the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation. Be sure to explain the changes in the arterial blood gas patterns during an exacerbation. chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation essay example.

Explain how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of both disorders. Describe how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment for a patient based on the factor you selected.

Construct two mind maps—one for chronic asthma and one for acute asthma exacerbation. Include the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation, as well as the diagnosis and treatment you explained in your chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation essay example paper.

Pathophysiology of Asthma

Asthma is “an inflammatory disease of the airways that causes airway hyper responsiveness, mucosal edema, and mucus overproduction, production characterized by coughing, wheezing and dyspnea.” The pathophysiology of asthma is characterized by three major components: airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway obstruction. Asthma may present in acute from or in chronic manifestation (Mims, 2015). This paper will discuss the pathophysiology of both acute and chronic asthma, and discuss the effect of genetic factors in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and the treatment of the condition, presented as mind maps for the two forms of asthma.

Pathophysiology

Acute asthma begins when the patient is exposed to environmental allergies, cold, or exercise. The cells that are involved in the inflammatory response include; mast cells, activated T lymphocytes, eosinophil, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, goblet cell. Th1 lymphocytes produce interleukin-2 cytokines and interferon alpha. Th2 lymphocytes, when activated, produce interleukin-5, IL-6, IL-9and 13. Fibroblast, endothelial cells, and cell-derived mediators produce structural changes that include; hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the smooth muscles surrounding the airways, formation of new blood vessel along the airways and growth of the airway epithelium (Agarwal, Dhooria, Aggarwal, Maturu, Sehgal, Muthu, & Jindal, 2015). chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation essay example.

In addition, in acute asthma, the pathophysiological progress is characterized by; bronchial smooth muscle constriction causing bronchospasm, increased mucus secretion by the goblet cells, and airway edema. Smooth muscle spasms are mediated by the immunoglobulin E dependent response, increased mucus hypersecretion is triggered by exposure to allergens. These changes reduce the airway diameter, reducing the rate of airway inhalation and the rate of exhalation as well.  Consequently, the neurological response causes an increase in the rate of breathing, thus increasing the work of breathing (Becker & Abrams, 2017).

On the other hand, chronic asthma is characterized by structural changes that occur weeks after the inflammatory response has begun. The structural changes involved are an increase in the size and the number of the smooth muscle cells surrounding the airway through hypertrophy and hyperplasia, respectively. Additionally, fibrosis in the sub epithelial area along the length of the airway (Horak, Doberer, Eber, Horak, Pohl, Riedler & Studnicka, 2016).

The progressive airway constriction and results in uneven airway distribution. As a compensatory mechanism, the bronchi hyperventilate, causing the corresponding hyperinflation of the lung alveoli, therefore preventing further stages of hypoxia. The increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is prevented by hypoventilation of the airway. Additionally, hypercarbia is prevented by the ready diffusion in of the carbon dioxide gas from the pulmonary capillaries through the capillary and alveoli membrane into the alveolar space and therefore exhaled. However, due to the interference in the ability of the airways to ventilate sufficiently, there is a resultant mismatch in the perfusion ventilation ratio. chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation essay example. Vasoconstriction of the blood vessels in the pulmonary vascular bed prevents the further and worsening imbalance between the ventilation and the perfusion (Szefler, Holguin, & Wechsler, 2017).

The progression of pathophysiological events and changes occurring in both acute asthma and chronic asthma forms cause disturbances to the arterial carbon dioxide levels. In the acute form, the body responds to the increased airway obstruction by alveolar hyperventilation.  The hyperventilation causes the excessive exhalation of carbon dioxide from the blood circulation. The result is reduced amount of carbonic acid, in relation to the constant amount of bicarbonate in the circulation, therefore causing respiratory alkalosis during which the blood PH increases above 7.45 and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide falls below 38mmHg. The response by increasing the excretion of bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ion retention. In the chronic manifestation of asthma, due to irreversible structural changes in the airway, the airway obstruction leads to retention of carbon dioxide chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation essay example. Therefore the amount of carbonic acid is higher relative to the number of bicarbonate amounts in the blood circulation to levels above 42mmHg and the pH falls below 7.35, therefore causing respiratory acidosis. The body responds to the respiratory acidosis by increasing the excretion of the hydrogen ions and retention of bicarbonate ions in the kidney (Mims, 2015). chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation essay example.

Role of Genetics

The presence of the gene that codes for the platelet activating factor is associated with susceptibility to asthma. Additionally, the genetically determined response to asthma is dictated by environmental exposure. Certain medical disorders, specifically; hepatitis A and Mycobacterium tuberculosis are associated with an increase in the inflammatory response to allergens prompting asthmatic responses. In addition, minimized use of antibiotics and earlier exposure to the environmental exposures lead to increased production of Th2 lymphocytes. Subsequently, the relatively increased Th2 lymphocyte production precludes the production and secretion of immunoglobulin E. Immunoglobulin E causes increased response to the allergens leading asthmatic response in susceptible individuals. chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation essay example. Based on these factors, the diagnosis of the patient can be done through detailed history taking concerning the history antibiotics use, history of mycobacterium infection or history of asthma in the family. Additionally, the blood analysis of blood for the presence of increased levels of inflammatory mediators can be a diagnostic criterion. Based on the effect of genetics on the pathophysiology of asthma, the occurrence of asthma is managed by preventing exposure to the susceptible individuals based on the family history of asthma. Advising patients to reduce the use of antibiotic medication helps in improving immune response to asthma (Zhu, Yan, Zhai, Yang, & Li, 2017) chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation essay example.

Mind Map; Acute Asthma

Mind Map; Chronic Asthma

 

References

Agarwal, R., Dhooria, S., Aggarwal, A. N., Maturu, V. N., Sehgal, I. S., Muthu, V., … & Jindal, S. K. (2015). Guidelines for diagnosis and management of bronchial asthma: Joint ICS/NCCP (I) recommendations.
Lung India: official organ of Indian Chest Society
,
32
(Suppl 1), S3.

Becker, A. B., & Abrams, E. M. (2017). Asthma guidelines: the Global Initiative for Asthma in relation to national guidelines.
Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology
,
17
(2), 99-103.

Horak, F., Doberer, D., Eber, E., Horak, E., Pohl, W., Riedler, J., … & Studnicka, M. (2016). Diagnosis and management of asthma–Statement on the 2015 GINA Guidelines.
Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift
,
128
(15-16), 541-554. chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation essay example.

Mims, J. W. (2015). Asthma: definitions and pathophysiology. In
International forum of allergy & rhinology
(Vol. 5, No. S1).

Szefler, S. J., Holguin, F., & Wechsler, M. E. (Eds.). (2017).
Personalizing Asthma Management for the Clinician
. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Zhu, Y., Yan, X., Zhai, C., Yang, L., & Li, M. (2017). Association between risk of asthma and gene polymorphisms in CHI3L1 and CHIA: a systematic meta-analysis.
BMC pulmonary medicine
,
17
(1), 193. chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation essay example.

Health policy values essay example

Details:

Write a paper of 750-1,000 words examining your personal values and beliefs. Include the following:

Describe your personal values and spiritual beliefs.

Using the elements of cost, quality, and social issues to frame your description, differentiate your beliefs and opinions about health care policy. Give examples of relevant ethical principles, supported by your values.

Analyze how factors such as your upbringing, spiritual or religious beliefs/doctrine, personal and professional experiences, and political ideology affect your current perspective on health care policy. Health policy values essay example.

Examine any inconsistencies you discovered relative to the alignment of your personal values and beliefs with those concerning health policy. Discuss what insights this has given you.

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References

Shams, L., Akbari Sari, A., & Yazdani, S. (2016). Values in Health Policy – A Concept Analysis. 
International Journal of Health Policy and Management
, 
5
(11), 623–630.
http://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2016.102

 

Retrieved from

http://www.independentnurse.co.uk/professional-article/relating-your-values-morals-and-ethics-to nursing-practice/64200
Retrieved from

Save Link
Nursing Code of Ethics wInterpretive Statements

Assignment
Health policy values essay example

View Rubric

 

20.0 %Examine any inconsistencies you discovered relative to the alignment of your personal values and beliefs with those concerning health policy. Discuss what insights this has given you.

Does not address inconsistencies discovered relative to the alignment of personal values and beliefs with those concerning health policy. Does not discuss insights.

Identifies inconsistencies discovered relative to the alignment of personal values and beliefs with those concerning health policy. Does not discuss insights.Health policy values essay example

Discusses inconsistencies discovered relative to the alignment of personal values and beliefs with those concerning health policy. Does not discuss insights.

Discusses inconsistencies discovered relative to the alignment of personal values and beliefs with those concerning health policy. Partially discusses insights. Some inconsistencies present.

Comprehensively examines inconsistencies discovered relative to the alignment of personal values and beliefs with those concerning health policy. Fully discusses insights. Clear examples and details given. No inconsistencies.

5.0 %Paragraph Development and Transitions Style

Paragraphs and transitions consistently lack unity and coherence. No apparent connections between paragraphs. Transitions are inappropriate to purpose and scope. Organization is disjointed.

Some paragraphs and transitions may lack logical progression of ideas, unity, coherence, and/or cohesiveness. Some degree of organization is evident.

Paragraphs are generally competent, but ideas may show some inconsistency in organization and/or in their relationships to each other. Health policy values essay example

A logical progression of ideas between paragraphs is apparent. Paragraphs exhibit a unity, coherence, and cohesiveness. Topic sentences and concluding remarks are used as appropriate to purpose, discipline, and scope.

There is a sophisticated construction of paragraphs and transitions. Ideas universally progress and relate to each other. The writer has been careful to use paragraph and transition construction to guide the reader. Paragraph structure is seamless. Individually and collectively, paragraphs are coherent and cohesive ? they ?sparkle.?

10.0 %Organization and Effectiveness

Health policy values essay example

5.0 %Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, and grammar)

Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning.

Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors that distract the reader.

Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but are not overly distracting to the reader.

Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present.

Writer is clearly in control of standard, written American English.

5.0 %Language Use and Audience Awareness (includes sentence construction, word choice, etc.)

Inappropriate word choice and/or sentence construction, lack of variety in language use. Writer appears to be unaware of audience. Use of ?primer prose? indicates writer either does not apply figures of speech or uses them inappropriately.

Some distracting inconsistencies in language choice (register), sentence structure, and/or word choice are present. Sentence structure may be occasionally ineffective or inappropriate. The writer exhibits some lack of control in using figures of speech appropriately.

Sentence structure is correct and occasionally varies. Language is appropriate to the targeted audience for the most part.

Health policy values essay example

The writer is clearly aware of audience; uses a variety of sentence structures and appropriate vocabulary for the target audience, and uses figures of speech to communicate clearly.

The writer uses a variety of sentence constructions, figures of speech, and word choice in unique and creative ways that are appropriate to purpose, discipline, and scope.

15.0 %Format

 

10.0 %Evaluating and Documenting Sources (includes use of appropriate style, correct citation format in-text and in reference section

Plagiarism; rarely follows any documentation format correctly; uses non-credible sources. No References section.

Uses documentation, but frequent formatting/citation errors are present; some sources have questionable credibility. Reference section is not correctly cited.

Sources used are credible and documented appropriately to the discipline; formatting and citation is usually correct, but some lack of control is apparent. Reference section is correctly cited.

Documentation is appropriate and formatting/citations are correct, although a few errors/typos may be present; most sources are authoritative. Reference section is correctly cited.

There are virtually no errors in documentation format or citation; all sources are authoritative. Reference section is correctly cited and at least 3 references are used

3.0 %Title page

No title page.

None

Title page is incomplete or inaccurate.

Title page has minor errors.

Title page is complete.

2.0 %Page constraint

Information presented does not meet minimum assigned length of 750 words.

None

Information presented exceeds 1000 words.

None

Information is presented within word limit constraints of 1000 words.

Personal Values and Beliefs

Values are revered guides that define one’s behaviors and actions during the daily interaction. Defining values Pickles, de Lacey and King (2017) highlight them as composite of a definite set of principles which an individual or a community perceive to be the perfect guidelines for living. Consequently, values are integral to each individual considering their fundamental role in shaping our personalities and the underlying decisions we make in our daily lives. An individual’s set of values shape t

Values are mostly influenced by family and the society an individual grows up in. Beliefs, on the other hand, are the claims which an individual in a given community regard as the core truth (McSherry et al., 2017). Further, Pickles, de Lacey and King (2017) assert that while values and beliefs are correlated presumably, beliefs are majorly influenced by religion. Having grown up in the religious family and a society which has a high regard for human dignity and equality played a major role in influencing the values I adopted. Notably, instigated by the environment in grew up in, I am an ardent believer in equality and fair treatment of everyone regardless of their gender, age, sexual orientation and religious background. Moreover, my family had heightened emphasis on selflessness, peace, and forgiveness, coupled with good listening skills and not being judgmental the virtues nurtured in me high relevance to this values.

However, the values and beliefs would be of minimal impact to the society and the human race, in general, were it not for my communities reverence for friendship. In this regard, I have always strived to ensure that my social skills are excellent including when dealing with strangers. Consequently, these values have engraved in me a mission of bringing positive change in this chaotic world a mission I consider as my personal obligation. In this regard, I’m of the opinion that in all my dealings emphasis should be on instigating positive impact on others. Health policy values essay example.

Personal values are deemed to have an impact on my practice. Notably, in a world is largely dominated by capitalism the quality of goods, services and their accrued outlays are determined by the amount of money one pays (Grace, 2017). Consequently, this ideology is also applied while drafting most healthcare policies. In my country, the healthcare policies adopt a third party system meaning an insurance company caters for a patient’s medical cost thus citizens who can’t afford an insurance cover are deemed to have limitations while accessing healthcare services. In this regard, this system has a slight difference with one of my personal value which is equal accordance of services regardless of an individual’s financial status. Moreover, while social factors are likely to affect proper service delivery in the healthcare sector in some communities, my values cannot entertain such practices. For instance, in some cultures, men are viewed as a superior gender to women, a factor which highly contradict my personal value of equality and fairness without any considerations to someone’s gender.

However, my personal value of fairness and equality is perfectly harmonious with the nursing practice ethical principle of ‘Justice’ which requires justice to be the core of all practices including new and experimental medical procedures (Grace, 2017). In this case, medicine should be distributed equally while putting into consideration the scarcity of resources, completion or any resultant conflict Health policy values essay example. As such, this is in line with my belief that no one should be given preference due to social status or any other related factor during the practice. Furthermore, underlining my values and beliefs is the goal of making a positive impact on the human race. As such this goal perfectly aligns with the ethical principle of beneficence which stipulates that all health care provided must be intended for good (Pickles, de Lacey & King, 2017).

Besides our upbringing, religion and politics also play role in shaping up our personality and character. Having been brought up in a highly religious family and in a country where democracy was highly regarded has had a huge contribution to my personal professional view of the healthcare policy. My caring and strict disciplinarian parents ensured that they instilled values and beliefs in me that made me gladly offer a helping hand to others. Mainly, they insisted that I should always give first considerations to the elderly, children and the less fortunate while offering any sort of help. Interestingly, after following my lifelong dream of joining the healthcare field, I realized that most of these values have been incorporated in healthcare policies. This is evident in the country through the Obama care act whose main aim is to provide quality healthcare to all at low cost. In this regard, my morale and passion are greatly boosted since the less privileged are highly considered. Additionally, my affiance as a nurse is further boosted by the future aspirations of the global health policy which strongly implies on equal and quality healthcare to all nations of the globe above any concern of specific nations, this brings hope for a better future to poor nations as they will have access to world-class healthcare. Health policy values essay example.

After a thorough and critical review of my personal values and beliefs, I’ve noted that the quality of healthcare is determined by many factors thus uniformity and equality cannot be the same or achieved overnight. Moreover, most policies have strived to provide quality healthcare to all despite all the determining factors. However, as a professional, financial status or social status should not limit the care or attention given to patients. Regardless of the various limitations, a medical professional should always strive to make every patient feel special and valued.

References

Grace, P. J., (Eds.). (2017). Nursing ethics and professional responsibility in advanced practice. Jones & Bartlett Learning.

McSherry, W., Bloomfield, S., Thompson, R., Nixon, V. A., Birch, C., Griffiths, N., … & Boughey, A. J. (2017). A cross-sectional analysis of the factors that shape adult nursing students’ values, attitudes, and perceptions of compassionate care.
Journal of Research in Nursing,
22(1-2), 25-39.

Pickles, D., de Lacey, S., & King, L. (2017). The conflict between nursing student’s personal beliefs and professional nursing values.
Nursing Ethics
, 46 Health policy values essay example.