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MN 576 Quiz Submissions – Unit 5 Midterm

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Question 1

2 / 2 points

Which HPV types are most often associated with cervical and anogenital cancer?

Question options:

1)

1, 2, and 3

2)

6 and 11

3)

16 and 18

4)

22 and 24

Question 2

2 / 2 points

During a breast exam you note all of the findings below as normal except:

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Question options:

1)

asymetrical size

2)

a supernumerary nipple

3)

hyperpigmentation

4)

breasts that move up symmetrically with raising the arms

Question 3

2 / 2 points

A 30-year-old woman presents without symptoms but states that her male partner has dysuria without penile discharge MN 576 Quiz. Examination reveals a friable cervix covered with thick yellow discharge. This description is most consistent with an infection caused by:

Question options:

1)

Chlamydia trachomatis.

2)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

3)

human papillomavirus (HPV).

4)

Trichomonas vaginalis.

Question 4

2 / 2 points

The vaccine Gardasil that is used to prevent some strains of HPV infection is recommended in both males and females.

Question options:

1) True

2) False

Question 5

2 / 2 points

Lesbians may experience which of the following barriers to health care?

Question options:

1)

Homophobia from the healthcare provider

2)

Incorrect knowledge about health care needs of lesbians by healthcare providers

3)

Lack of insurance and/or access under partner’s coverage MN 576 Quiz

4)

All of the above

Question 6

2 / 2 points

Which of the following best describes lesions associated with condyloma acuminatum?

Question options:

1)

verruciform

2)

plaque-like

3)

vesicular-form

4)

bullous

Question 7

2 / 2 points

Presumptive treatment for PID should be initiated in sexually active young women and other women at risk for STDs if they are experiencing pelvic or lower abdominal pain, if no cause for the illness other than PID can be identified, and if one or more of the following minimum clinical criteria are present on pelvic examination:

Question options:

1)

cervical motion tenderness

2)

uterine tenderness

3)

adnexal tenderness.

4)

All of the above

Question 8

2 / 2 points

How long after contact do clinical manifestations of syphilis typically occur?

Question options:

1)

less than 1 week

2)

1 to 3 weeks

3)

2 to 4 weeks

4)

4 to 6 weeks

Question 9

2 / 2 points

In assessing a woman with disabilities, which of the following terms should be avoided?

Question options:

1)

Crippled

2)

Handicapped

3)

Mentally retarded MN 576 Quiz

4)

All of the above

Question 10

2 / 2 points

The definition of menopause is

Question options:

1)

Frequently skipping period for one year

2)

One year without a period

3)

Onset of hot flashes and night sweats with irregular menstruation

4)

None of the above

Question 11

2 / 2 points

MN 576 Quiz Treatment options for bacterial vaginosis include all of the following except:

Question options:

1)

oral metronidazole.

2)

clindamycin cream.

3)

oral clindamycin.

4)

oral azithromycin.

Question 12

2 / 2 points

Physical examination of a 19-year-old woman with a 3-day history of vaginal itch reveals moderate perineal excoriation, vaginal erythema, and a white, clumping discharge. Expected microscopic examination findings include:

Question options:

1)

a pH greater than 6. 0.

2)

an increased number of lactobacilli.

3)

hyphae.

4)

an abundance of white blood cells.

Question 13

2 / 2 points

Which of the following is a contraindication to estrogen/progestin-containing methods (combined oral contraception [COC], patch [Ortho Evra], or ring [NuvaRing]) MN 576 Quiz?

Question options:

1)

mother with a history of breast cancer

2)

personal history of hepatitis A at age 10 years

3)

presence of factor V Leiden mutation

4)

cigarette smoking one pack per day in a 22-year-old

Question 14

2 / 2 points

Recommendations for adolescents with disabilities include a comprehensive sex education program that should be tailored to fit their specific needs.

Question options:

1) True

2) False

Question 15

0 / 2 points

In assessing a 13 year old female, you know that the presence of breast bud  with elevation of breast and papilla; enlargement of areola indicate which Tanner Stage?

Question options:

1)

Stage1

2)

Stage 2

3)

Stage 3

4)

Stage 4

Question 16

2 / 2 points

The Pap test should not be considered a screening test for STDs.

Question options:

1) True

2) False

Question 17

2 / 2 points

Which of the following agents is most active against C. trachomatis?

Question options:

1)

amoxicillin

2)

metronidazole

3)

azithromycin

4)

ceftriaxone

Question 18

2 / 2 points

When performing a bimanual exam all of the following are noted as normal findings except:

Question options:

1)

retoverted uterus

2)

anteflexed uterus

3)

fixed immobile uterus

4)

smooth, firm ovary

Question 19

2 / 2 points

Routine screening for C. trachomatis on an annual basis is recommended for all sexually active females aged <25 years . Question options: 1) True 2) False Question 20 2 / 2 points When performing a pelvic examination the first part of the external genitalia exam is Question options: MN 576 Quiz 1) speculum examination 2) palpation 3) inspection 4) cervical sampling Question 21 2 / 2 points In women who have experienced a spinal cord injury, temporary cessation of menses is normal for up to one year following the injury. Question options: 1) True 2) False Question 22 2 / 2 points When counseling a woman about COC use, you advise that: Question options: 1) long-term use of COC is discouraged because the body needs a “rest” from birth control pills from time to time. 2) fertility is often delayed for many months after discontinuation of COC. 3) there is an increase in the rate of breast cancer after protracted use of COC. 4) premenstrual syndrome symptoms are often improved with use of COC. Question 23 2 / 2 points Which of the following terms describes the mechanism of action of imiquimod (Aldara)? Question options: 1) keratolytic 2) immune modulator 3) cryogenic 4) cytolytic Question 24 2 / 2 points Treatment of vulvovaginitis caused by Candida albicans includes: Question options: 1) metronidazole gel. 2) clotrimazole cream. 3) hydrocortisone ointment. 4) clindamycin cream. Question 25 2 / 2 points Screening for osteoporosis with DEXA scan should begin Question options: 1) age 50 2) one year after menopause 3) age 65 4) age 60 Question 26 2 / 2 points What is the approximate incubation period for Neisseria gonorrhoea? Question options: 1) 1 to 5 days 2) 7 to 10 days 3) 18 days 4) 28 days Question 27 2 / 2 points What percentage of anogenital and cervical cancers can be attributed to HPV infection? Question options: 1) less than 30% 2) at least 50% 3) at least 70% 4) 95% or greater Question 28 2 / 2 points Universal screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea in women ≤35 years entering juvenile and adult correctional facilities has been a long-standing recommendation. Question options: 1) True 2) False Question 29 2 / 2 points A 22-year-old woman taking a 35-mcg ethinyl estradiol COC calls after forgetting to take her pills for 2 consecutive days. She is 2 weeks into the pack. You advise her to: Question options: 1) take the last pill missed immediately, even if this means taking 2 pills today. 2) discard two pills and take two pills today. 3) discard the rest of the pack and start a new pack with the first day of her next menses. 4) continue taking one pill daily for the rest of the cycle. Question 30 2 / 2 points HCV infection is the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the United States, with an estimated 2.7 million persons living with chronic infection Question options: 1) True 2) False Question 31 2 / 2 points Adolescent girls are not candidates for IUD use for contraception Question options: 1) True 2) False Question 32 2 / 2 points About ____ of patients with genital warts have spontaneous regression of the lesions? MN 576 Quiz Question options: 1) 10% 2) 25% 3) 50% 4) 75% Question 33 2 / 2 points Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is defined as a group of therapies that are not considered part of Western culture and include all of the following except: Question options: 1) Congugated estrogen 2) Aromatherapy 3) Tai Chi 4) Yoga Question 34 2 / 2 points Which HPV types are most likely to cause genital condyloma acuminatum? Question options: 1) 1, 2, and 3 2) 6 and 11 3) 16 and 18 4) 22 and 24 Question 35 2 / 2 points Which test is performed around the time of ovulation to diagnose the basis of infertility? Question options: 1) Hysterosalpingogram 2) Ultrasonography 3) Laparoscopy 4) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level Question 36 2 / 2 points The NP is seeing a 30-year-old woman before her routine gynecologic examination, the NP questions that patient about her recent menstrual cycles. Which statement made by the patient should prompt further investigation? Question options: 1) “My flow is very heavy all the time.” 2) “I have occasionally spot in between cycles” 3) “My menstrual cycles varies from 25 to 30 days.” 4) “I have cramping prior to my cycle starting” Question 37 2 / 2 points Women with bacterial vaginosis typically present with: Question options: 1) vulvitis. 2) pruritus. 3) dysuria. 4) malodorous discharge. Question 38 2 / 2 points Treatment options for patients with condyloma acuminatum include all of the following except: Question options: 1) topical acyclovir. 2) cryotherapy. 3) podofilox. 4) trichloroacetic acid. Question 39 0 / 2 points The average onset of perimenopause is between the ages of: Question options: 1) 35 to 40 years. 2) 40 to 45 years. 3) 45 to 50 years. 4) 50 to 55 years. Question 40 2 / 2 points Which of the following is not representative of the presentation of primary syphilis? Question options: 1) painless ulcer 2) localized lymphadenopathy 3) flu-like symptoms 4) spontaneously healing lesion Question 41 2 / 2 points Noncontraceptive benefits of COC use include a decrease in all of the following except: Question options: 1) iron-deficiency anemia. 2) pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). 3) cervicitis. 4) ovarian cancer. Question 42 2 / 2 points MN 576 Quiz In patients who are allergic to azithromycin, an alternative treatment to chlamydia is Question options: 1) Doxycycline 100mg twice daily for 7 days 2) Macrobid 100mg twice daily for 5 days 3) BactimDS  1 PO BID for 3 day 4) All of the above Question 43 2 / 2 points Puberty consists of a series of predictable events, and the sequence of changes in secondary sexual characteristics has been categorized by several groups. The staging system utilized most frequently used to describe these events is Tanner staging. Question options: 1) True 2) False Question 44 2 / 2 points Which of the following may be a useful tool in screening for Female Sexual Disorder (FSD)? Question options: 1) The Female Sexual Function Index 2) The Female Sexual Distress Scale 3) The Orgasmic Disorder Scale 4) A and B Question 45 2 / 2 points Which of the following is found in tertiary syphilis? Question options: 1) arthralgia 2) lymphadenopathy 3) macular or papular lesions involving the palms and soles 4) gumma Question 46 2 / 2 points A patient presents to you with a chief complaint of primary dysmenorrhea, which nonpharmacologic intervention might you recommend she try first? Question options: 1) participating in physical activity 2) increase iron rich foods to replace blood that is lost 3) use of a heating pad on the pelvis for cramping 4) use of an NSAID Question 47 2 / 2 points Which of the following agents is active against N. gonorrhoeae? Question options: 1) ceftriaxone 2) metronidazole 3) ketoconazole 4) amoxicillin Question 48 0 / 2 points A recommended treatment for rectal gonorrhea is: Question options: 1) oral amoxicillin. 2) oral azithromycin. 3) oral ciprofloxacin. 4) ceftriaxone injection. Question 49 2 / 2 points When charting on a patient whom you have noted a breast lump it is important to document Question options: 1) tenderness 2) size 3) location 4) mobility 5) all of the above MN 576 Quiz Question 50 2 / 2 points A 24-year-old woman presents with a 1-week history of thin, green-yellow vaginal discharge with perivaginal irritation. Physical examination findings include vaginal erythema with petechial hemorrhages on the cervix, numerous white blood cells, and motile organisms on microscopic examination. These findings most likely represent: Question options: 1) motile sperm with irritative vaginitis. 2) trichomoniasis. 3) bacterial vaginosis. 4) condyloma acuminatum. Bottom of Form

Contraception compare and contrast -Intra uterine device (Mirena) and Depo-Provera – MN 576

Many elements need to be considered individually by a woman, man, or couple when choosing the most appropriate contraceptive method. Some of these elements include safety, effectiveness, availability (including accessibility and affordability), and acceptability. Although most contraceptive methods are safe for use by most women, U.S. MEC provides recommendations on the safety of specific contraceptive methods for women with certain characteristics and medical conditions. Contraception compare and contrast -Intra uterine device (Mirena) and Depo-Provera – MN 576.

Compare and contrast two forms of contraception including indications, contraindications, side effects, US Medical Eligibility Criteria (USMRC), US Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use (USSPR), affordability, and mechanisms of action.

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Intra uterine device (Mirena)

Intra uterine devices (IUD) are considered long-acting, reversible contraception (LARC). These types of contraceptives are highly effective since they do not depend on patient’s compliance on a daily basis. Most LARC methods of contraception are appropriate for the majority of women, including adolescents and nulliparous women. Contraception compare and contrast -Intra uterine device (Mirena) and Depo-Provera – MN 576.

Mechanisms of action: There are two different type of IUD’s, those with hormones and those without hormones. The Mirena is an IUD that contains synthetic hormones that is 99.9% effective and can stay in for up to 5 years (Mirena, 2018). The ParaGard is also an IUD and is 98% effective with no hormone release and can stay in for up to 10 years. For the sake of this review the author will talk about the Mirena. The Mirena is placed in the uterus by a provider. Mirena has several ways of working, it thickening of the cervical mucus and thins out the lining of the uterus due to the hormone release. The actual device itself sperm movement which reducing sperm survival (Patient Information Mirena, 2017).

Indication: Mirena release hormones that prevents pregnancy for up to 5 years. It is also indicated for treatment of heavy menstrual cycles in women who are also choosing to use a contraceptive (Curtis et al., 2016).

Contraindications: The U.S Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraception Use advises that an IUD is contraindicated in women with distorted uterine cavity, current breast cancer the LNG- IUD the copper T is safe, endometrial cancer, gestational trophoblastic disease, current pelvic inflammatory disease, immediate post-septic abortion, postpartum sepsis, STD’s, pelvic tuberculosis, and unexplained vaginal bleeding (Summary Chart of U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2017).

Side effects: Side effects include but are not limited to bleeding, and pain after insertion. Possible expulsion after insertion. Changes in menstrual cycle that include spotting between cycles especially during the first 3- 6 months and menstruation may be heavier the first 3 months as well. About 12% of women develop ovaria cysts (Curtis et al., 2016).

USSPR: When a woman has not had her cervix dilatate it can become difficult to insert the Mirena, therefore some providers use Misoprostol to dilatate the cervix for insertion. However, this is noS longer the recommended. Contraception compare and contrast -Intra uterine device (Mirena) and Depo-Provera – MN 576. It is only indicated who have failed previous insertion (Curtis et al., 2016).

Affordability: The manufacturing company is Liletta’s who has strived to make it affordable or all income levels. Unlike a daily contraception method, the Mirena is a onetime cost that includes the providers services. The price to the patient may range depending on their insurance yet an estimated price is about $1000 (Mirena, 2018).

Depo-Provera

Mechanisms of action: Depo-Provera is an injection that is administered every 3 months. It contains medroxyprogesterone acetate that inhibits the secretion of gonadotropins that prevents follicular maturation and ovulation. It thins the endometrial lining; these are the contraceptive effects. It is 94% effective (Highlights of Prescribing Information, 2018).

Indications: Depo-Provera clinical indication is to prevent pregnancy. However, it is also used for women who suffer from dysmenorrhea. Since Depo-prover thin the lining of the uterus I can eventually result in amenorrhea (Highlights of Prescribing Information, 2018).

Contraindications: The U.S Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptives Use states that contraindications of the use of Depo-Provera is a current diagnosis of breast cancer. Contraception compare and contrast -Intra uterine device (Mirena) and Depo-Provera – MN 576. Depo-Provera theoretically or proven risks usually outweigh the advantages in patients who have had past and no evidence of current breast disease for 5 years, severe cirrhosis, nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, other vascular disease or diabetes longer the years, history of stroke, systemic lupus erythematous, unexplained vaginal bleeding (Summary Chart of U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2017).

Side effects: More the 5% of women reported having side effects that include headache, abdominal pain, increased weight gain of more than 10 lb. at 24 months, nervousness, dizziness, decreased libido, irregularities with menstruation. About 1-5% of women reported fatigue, backache, dysmenorrhea, hot flashes, nausea, bloating, edema, leg cramps, depression, insomnia, acne, alopecia, rash, leukorrhea, breast pain and vaginitis (Highlights of Prescribing Information, 2018).

USSPR: Depo-Provera can be given at any reasonable time if she meets the criteria of administration. If the injection is given within the 7 first days of menstruation no additional contraceptive is needed Contraception compare and contrast -Intra uterine device (Mirena) and Depo-Provera – MN 576. If it is started more then 7 days since menstruation a patient should abstain from sexual intercourse or use another form of contraception (Curtis et al., 2016).

Affordability: Depo Provera starts at about $100 and be as affordable as $40.13 with Good RX. Since the injection is given every 3 months this can be an affordable choice for patients. The administration can be done by the provider medical assistant staff. Just like the Mirena, a patient’s insurance may cover all or some of these costs (Depro Provera, 2018).

References

Curtis, K. M., Jatlaoui, T. C., Tepper, N. K., Zapata, L. B., Horton, L. G., Jamieson, D. J., & Whiteman, M. K. (2016). U.S. Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use, 2016. MMWR. Recommendations And Reports: Morbidity And Mortality Weekly Report. Recommendations And Reports, 65(4), 1-66. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr6504a1 ttps://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/rr/rr6504a1.htm?s_cid=rr6504a1_w

Depo Provera. (2018). Good Rx. Retrieved from
https://www.goodrx.com/depo-provera?drug-name=depo+provera

Highlights of Prescribing Information. (2018). Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/020246s036lbl.pdf

Summary Chart of U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use. (2017). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/contraception/pdf/summary-chart-us-medical-eligibility-criteria_508tagged.pdf 

Patient Information Mirena (June, 2017). Food and Drug Administration. Contraception compare and contrast -Intra uterine device (Mirena) and Depo-Provera – MN 576. Retrieved from
https://labeling.bayerhealthcare.com/html/products/pi/Mirena_PPI.pdf

Mirena. (2018). Good Rx. Retrieved at
https://www.goodrx.com/mirena?drug-name=mirena

 

Response

Miriah, thank you for your insightful response to this week’s discussion board. I chose to read and respond to your post because I spent my time researching Mirena and Depo-Provera. I found it intriguing the exact since behind why combined oral contraception (COC) is contraindicated for patients with dyslipidemia. The study was done on women who were taking COC, 665 hypertensive women and 665 normotensive women. Contraception compare and contrast -Intra uterine device (Mirena) and Depo-Provera – MN 576. In general, women who have hypertensive have a higher risk of mixed hyperlipidemia or dyslipidemia than those that are normotensive. The study results show that dyslipidemia and the long-term use of COC increase the risk of hypertension, which we know leads to stroke. Results also reviled that patients that took COC longer than 15 years and have dyslipidemia had an increased higher risk of hypertension. The study also offered a solution; if the patient stopped taking the COC then this can be considered an effective antihypertensive measure (Wei et al., 2011).

Reference

Wei, W., Li, Y., Chen, F., Chen, C., Sun, T., Sun, Z., & … Ba, L. (2011). Dyslipidaemia, combined oral contraceptives use and their interaction on the risk of hypertension in Chinese women.
Journal of Human Hypertension,
25(6), 364-371. doi:10.1038/jhh.2010.67 Contraception compare and contrast -Intra uterine device (Mirena) and Depo-Provera – MN 576

Responses

Debbie, thank you for your response of this week’s discussion. I am glad that you chose to write about the Nexplanon. I don’t know about your clinical rotation but during contraception counseling my provider seems to shy away from having women opt to have this implanted due to the issue. One of the biggest concerns that woman worry about and that they have heard through other friends and family is that the Nexplanon travels. I came across this very interesting case study of a 17 year old female that had the Nexplanon implanted by her general practitioner. She was having irregular bleeding, so the plan was for her to have it removed. Once they went in to remove it the implant was no where to be found. The provider contacted the manufacturer who suggested that she have a CT done of her thorax. The CT thorax reviled that the implant had traveled to the left lower lobe of the pulmonary artery branch occluding the pulmonary vessel with no necrosis or infection. The options for removal of the device came with high risk and included a lobectomy. The providers and patient opted to leave the implant in place since it was suspected that the implant had been in her left lower lobe for the last 2 years, since the patient felt it was missing. This is an extreme case yet one that we as new nurse practitioner should take into consideration if we ever implant this device (Barlow-Evans, Jaffer, & Balogun, 2017). Contraception compare and contrast -Intra uterine device (Mirena) and Depo-Provera – MN 576.

Reference

Barlow-Evans, R., Jaffer, K., & Balogun, M. (2017). Migration of a Nexplanon contraceptive implant to the pulmonary artery. BMJ Case Reports, 2017doi:10.1136/bcr-2017-219259 Contraception compare and contrast -Intra uterine device (Mirena) and Depo-Provera – MN 576

NSG6435 Week 5 Assignment 4 Midterm Exam

NSG6435 Week 5 Assignment 4 Midterm Exam / NSG 6435 Week 5 Midterm Exam -Family Health – Pediatrics- South University Question

The incidence of congenital heart defects is estimated to be ________ of all live births. 20% 10% 5% 1% Question

2 Breastmilk can be safely stored in a freezer below 0 degrees Fahrenheit for how long? Three months Six months One year Two years Question

3 Which foreign body needs immediate removal from a five-year-old boy’s nose? Bean Bead Stone Battery Question

4 The most useful diagnostic test in delayed puberty is _____________________. complete thyroid panel X-Ray of the left wrist and hand X-Ray of the right wrist and hand X-Ray of the spinal column Question

5 An average vision of a two-year-old child is approximately: 20/150 20/400 20/70 20/30 Question

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6 A five-year-old female presents for a follow-up emergency room visit with a diagnosis of bronchitis. You would expect which treatment to have been prescribed? Oral steroids Azithromycin Increase rest and fluid Albuterol Question

7 An adolescent with a chronic asthma cough notes that symptoms are usually worse _____________. only with exertion only during the daytime only at night at night and with exertion Question

8 An average adolescent female usually experiences her biggest growth spurt at approximately what age? Ten and half years Eleven and half years Twelve and half years Thirteen and half years NSG6435 Week 5 Assignment 4 Midterm Exam.

Question 9 If an adolescent has a bone age of 10 but is actually 13 years of age, this patient has ______. an increased risk of fracture in the next three years an increased risk of osteoporosis as an adult a higher potential for bone growth a lower potential for bone growth Question

10 Gardasil results in greater antibody responses for females who are administered the three-dose series between what ages? Six to twenty-six years of age Prior to eleven years of age Nine to fifteen years of age Nine to twenty-six years of age Question

11 An eight-year old has chronic intermittent nasal congestion. NSG6435 Week 5 Assignment 4 Midterm Exam All but which of the following would support allergic rhinitis? Red swollen turbinates Darkened areas below eyes Increased basophils on complete blood count (CB Itchy, watery eyes Question

12 A fifteen-month old failed treatment with amoxicillin for an otitis media. At his two-week recheck, his tympanic membrane remained red with distorted landmarks and he persisted with nasal discharge that is thick and yellowish. The best action for the nursing practitioner should be to prescribe: A ten-day-course of augmentin A three-week-course of a cephalexin A higher dose amoxicillin Ceftriaxone and an antihistamine Question

13 An infant should be able to say his or her first word by: four to five months eight to nine months twelve to fifteen months twenty four to twenty six months Question NSG6435 Week 5 Assignment 4 Midterm Exam

14 The latter part of adolescence includes the ability to develop ________ and _______ means to be a part of society. strong attachments; sexuality career; marriage critical thinking; basic life skills moral; intellectual means Question

15 A fourteen-year-old adolescent presents with fatigue, endocarditis, pulmonary hypertension, arrhythmias, and congestive heart failure. You suspect he may have ____________. ASD pulmonary valve stenosis aortic valve stenosis a ventricular septal defect (VSD) Question

16 A four-year-old male patient presents with his mother with a school referral regarding red eyes. Which questions would not assist in establishing a list of differential diagnoses? Unilateral vs. bilateral presentation Type of drainage Vision status History of a bacterial infection one month ago Question

17 ______________ adolescents should be screened for sexually transmitted diseases. Males Females All Sexually active Question

18 An infant should no longer have a head lag when pulled from the supine to sitting position at what age? Two months Four months Six months Nine months Question

19 ____________ should be given as a supplement in the management of delayed puberty. Vitamins B1 and B12 Vitamins D and E Vitamin A and Calcium Calcium and Vitamin D Question

20 Parents or guardians of adolescents should ___________________. not be included in the adolescent’s health care receive health guidance information at least twice during adolescence encourage reasonable use of alcohol and tobacco by the adolescent encourage early sexual activity by providing condoms to the adolescent Question NSG6435 Week 5 Assignment 4 Midterm Exam.

21 How does cultural sensitivity impact the care of infants in the primary care setting? Health-care providers may possess cultural biases that can impact care. Cultural sensitivities do not exist in health care. Cultural sensitivity only impacts the parents of infants. Cultural sensitivity increases access to timely health-care services for infants. Question

22 The most typical chest radiographic finding consistent with the diagnosis of asthma is ______________. normal chest film diffuse airway edema right upper-lobe infiltrate hyperinflation Question

23 A 10 yo has a single painful ulcerated lesion on an erythematous base on the inner buccal mucosa. The most likely diagnosis and treatment would be: herpes simplex stomatitis–oral acyclovir herpangina–viscous xylocaine apthous ulcer–triamcinalone in orabase Hand, foot, mouth syndrome–antibiotic mouthwash Question

24 A 9 month old is noted to have a bifid uvula. This would increase his risk of developing which disorder? otitis media retropharyngeal abscess sinusitis dental malocclusion Question

25 All of the following may predispose a patient to thrush except: age steroid therapy antibiotics poor oral hygiene Question

26 Patients with sinusitis should be instructed not to participate in what activity? swimming/ diving boxing/ wrestling weight lifting cross country running Question

27 What complication of sinusitis are adolescent males more prone to? intracranial abscess potts puffy tumor orbital cellulitis dental infection Question

28 Acceptable management options for allergic rhinitis include all of the following except: oral cetirizine oral montelukast nasal beclomethsone nasal neosynephrine Question NSG6435 Week 5 Assignment 4 Midterm Exam.

29 A 7 yo has experienced recurrent nose bleeds in the past 2 months. What finding on the physical exam would suggest an underlying medical cause for the epistaxis? wheezing grade II murmur petechiae tonsil hypertrophy Question

30 A 2 yo male with a history of chronic serous OM is noted to have a pearly white opacity in the upper outer quadrant of his TM. He currently has no symptoms and appears to be ok. The most likely diagnosis and appropriate managment would be: tympanosclerosis; no treatment is necessary persistent perforation; prescribe topical antibiotic drops foreign body; perform an ear wash for removal cholesteatoma; refer to otolaryngology Question

31 A 15 mo failed treatment with amoxicillin for OM. At his 2 week re-check his TM remained red with distorted landmarks and he persisted with nasal congestion, poor sleep, and fever. The next best step would be to treat with: a 10 day course of augmentin a 3 week course of cephalosporin a higher dose of amoxicillin and topical abx ceftriaxone and an antihistamine Question

32 All but which one of the following patients are at an increased risk of developing otitis media? 2 yo with cleft palate repair at 1 year of age 15 mo with down syndrome 9 mo with lactose intolerance 3 yo with IgA immune deficiency Question NSG6435 Week 5 Assignment 4 Midterm Exam.

33 Patients with otitis externa should be instructed to do which one of the following: keep ear dry until symptoms improve limit swimming for the remainder of summer wear ear plugs at all times with swimming use alcohol drops before swimming each day Question

34 A 10 yo has marked ear pain, not wanting anyone to touch his ear. The canal is edematous and exudate is present. TM is normal. How should this be managed? topical fluoroquinolone oral steroids and topical neomycin oral amoxicillin and topical anesthetic oral amoxicillin and topical steroid Question

35 A 16 yo was hit in the eye 1 day ago and now has ecchymoses on the upper and lower lids with 5/10 eye pain. All but which of the following would be appropriate to obtain at this time: visual acuity intraocular pressure CT scan fluorescein stain Question

36 The greatest risk in a patient with a hyphema is which of the following? glaucoma infection rebleed cataracts Question

37 Corneal abrasions can be managed with topical application of which of the following: anesthetic for pain control steroids to prevent adhesions antibiotics to prevent infection atropine to prevent ciliary spasm Question

38 Trauma to the eye increases the risk of developing all but which one of the following? strabismus glaucoma cataracts hyphema Question

39 Fluorescein staining of the eye is used to detect a: keratitis foreign body corneal abrasion hyphema Question

40 Prematurity increases the risk of developing which one of the following? nystagmus astigmatism myopia glaucoma Question

41 A 3 month old has a mild asymmetrical corneal light reflex on physical exam. What is the next appropriate step? observe and reevaluate at the next well check refer immediately to ophthalmology begin atropine drops or eye patching protect eyes from sunlight Question

42 Which of the following may cause microcephaly? Hypocalcemia Craniosynostosis Skull fracture Seizure disorder Question

43 What finding may accompany macrocephaly? Pulsating anterior fontanel Sunken fontanel Premature closure of suture lines Widened suture lines Question

44 Obtaining a CT of the head would be indicated in which of these conditions? Macrocephaly Cephalohematoma Craniosynostosis Caput succedaneum Question

45 Which one of the following conditions increases the risk of developing hydrocephalus? Bilateral cephalohematomas Craniosynostosis Prematurity Familial macrocephaly Question

46 A conjunctivitis appearing in a 2 day old newborn is likely due to: chemical irritation from eye drops group B streptocuccus chlamydia gonorrhea NSG6435 Week 5 Assignment 4 Midterm Exam

47 Confirming the diagnosis of chlamydia conjunctivitis in a newborn would best be done by obtaining which one of the following? cervical swab of the mother urine PCR from the mother culture of the eye discharge culture of the conjunctival scrapings Question

48 Which one of the following eye findings would be considered an ophthalmic emergency? unilateral vesicular lesions on the upper eyelid of a 3 week old presence of chemosis in a 5 yo with bilateral upper eyelid edema cobblestone-like appearance along the inner aspect of the upper eyelid in a 15 yo bilateral redness along the eyelid margins with tiny ulcerated areas in a 16 yo Question

49 The most appropriate management of a 5 yo with a firm, nontender nodule in the mid-upper eyelid for 3 weeks would be: cool compresses topical ophthalmic ointment oral antibiotics oral steroids Question

50 Daily eyelid cleansing with diluted baby shampoo and a cotton tipped applicator would be appropriate in the treatment of which one of the following conditions? Dacryostenosis Chalzion Hordeolum Blepharitis Question

51 A 3 year old has an edematous, mildly erythematous right upper eyelid for one day with a fever of 103. An important eye assessment would be: ocular mobility conjunctival inflammation pupillary reaction optic disk papilledema Question

52 Concurrent otitis media and conjunctivitis is likely due to which organism? streptococcus pneumoniae haemophilus influenza moraxella catarrhalis staphylococcus aureus Question

53 A 16 yo girl makes the following statements to you during her health visit. Which of the following pieces of information should not be kept confidential? I have been sexually active with three of my boyfriends I sometimes smoke marijuana I want to get pregnant Sometimes I feel like ending my life NSG6435 Week 5 Assignment 4 Midterm Exam

54 In performing a physical examination on a nine month old infant, which of the following developmental fears would not be appropriate for you to consider? Stranger anxiety Pain Separation from parents Bodily harm Question

55 When performing a physical examination on a toddler, which of the following body parts would you examine last: Heart and lungs abdomen and genitals Ears and throat Hips and extremities Question

56 Role play with equipment during the course of a physical examination would be most beneficial with which of the following age groups: Toddlers Preschoolers Young school-age children Older school-age children Question

57 Providing reassurance of “normalcy” during the course of an examination would be most important for: Preschool children Young school-age children Older school-age children Adolescents Question

58 Which of the following would not elevate the pulse of a child: Fever Anemia Hypothyroidism Exercise Question

59 The PNP recognizes which of the following signs as indicators that baby is not receiving sufficient breastmilk? Sleepiness, jaundice, decreased urine and stool Diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting Bulging fontanel and irritability Sleeplessness and excitability Question

60 Blood pressure should be measured at WCC beginning at age: 2 3 4 5 Question

61 A wide pulse pressure that results from a high systolic blood pressure is usually not due to which of the following: Fever Exercise Excitement A patent ductus arteriosus Question

62 Head and chest circumferences should be equal at: 6 months 1 year 2 years 3 years Question

63 The anterior fontanel usually closes by: 2 months 6 months 18 months 24 months Question

64 Diffuse edema of the soft tissue of the scalp which usually crosses suture lines in the newborn is: Bossing Caput seccedaneum Cephalohematoma Macrocephaly Question

65 An infant should no longer have head lag when pulled from the supine to sitting position at what age? 2 months 4 months 6 months 9 months Question

66 “Boggy” nasal mucous membranes with serous drainage upon examination usually suggests: Sinusitis Polyps URI Allergic rhinitis Question

67 A white instead of red reflex upon eye examination of a 1 yo child would suggest: An accommodative error Retinoblastoma Papilledema Retinal detachment Question

68 A cobblestone appearance of the palpebral conjunctiva usually indicates: Bacterial infection Chemical irritation Viral infection Severe allergy Question

69 An eye that deviates in when covered but returns to midline when uncovered is an: Esophoria Exophoria Esotropia Exotropia NSG6435 Week 5 Assignment 4 Midterm Exam

70 Pain produced by manipulation of the auricle or pressure on the tragus suggests: Acute otitis media Otitis externa Otitis media with effusion Mastoiditis Question

71 A hypernasal voice and snoring in a child is suggestive of: Polyps of the larynx Nasopharyngeal tumor Hypertrophied adenoids Cleft palate Question

72 Physiological splitting of the second heart sound during inspiration in a child: is normal should be evaluated with an EKG Suggests ASD Should be referred to a cardiologist Question

73 Which of the following is not characteristic of innocent heart murmurs in children? Systolic in timing Varies in loudness with positioning Usually transmitted to the neck Usually loudest at lower left sternal border or at second or third intercostal space Question

74 A grade II musical or vibratory murmur heard best at the lower left sternal border that changes with positioning is suggestive of a: Pulmonary ejection murmur Ventricular septal defect Venous hum Vibratory or Still’s murmur Question

75 Wheezing in a child may not be found in which of the following conditions: Asthma Bronchiolitis Pleural friction rub Cystic fibrosis Question

76 Gynecomastia in a male may not be a finding in which of the following: Normal pubertal development Steroid usage Hyperthyroidism Testicular tumor Question

77 Which of the following would usually not be considered a sign of a pituitary tumor in an adolescent female? Dysfunctional uterine bleeding Galactorrhea Loss of peripheral vision Increase in headaches Question

78 Which of the following is not a specific examination test for a dislocated hip? Barlow’s test Ortolani’s test Trendelenburg test Gower’s test Question

79 In addition to the knee, which of the following should be examined in a child complaining of knee pain? Foot Ankle Hip Spine Question

80 Which of the following infant reflexes should not disappear by 6 months of age? Moro rooting tonic neck plantar grasp Question

81 Spasticity in an infant may be an early sign of: Neurofibromatosis Hydrocephalus Cerebral palsy Muscular dystrophy Question

82 A shift to the left is present when which of the following are elevated? Neutrophils Bands or stabs Lymphocytes Eosinophils Question

83 Which of the following is usually elevated with viral infections? Neutrophils Eosinophils Lymphocytes Basophils Question

84 Decreased platelets may not be found in which of the following: Leukemia Anemia Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Medication usage (e.g. ampicillin, cephalothin) Question

85 Which of the following does not suggest a urinary tract infection? Increased protein Increased WBCs Increased RBCs Increased nitrites NSG6435 Week 5 Assignment 4 Midterm Exam

NSG6435 Week 6 Quiz

Week 6 Quiz

 

Question 1

 

1 / 1 point

The provider suspects that a 7-month-old client has Pyloric Stenosis. What physical exam finding is consistent with this disorder?

A cluster-of-grape like mass on the right side on rectal examination

A grapefruit-like mass on the left side on rectal examination

A sausage-like mass in the RUQ of the abdomen

A distinct “olive” mass in the epigastrium to the right of midline

 

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Question 2

 

1 / 1 point

The provider suspects that a 7-month-old client has been diagnosed with Intussusception. What exam finding is consistent with this disorder?

A cluster-of-grape like mass on the right side on rectal examination

A grapefruit-like mass on the left side on rectal examination

A sausage-like mass in the RUQ of the abdomen

A distinct “olive” mass in the epigastrium to the right of midline

 

NSG6435 Week 6 Quiz View Feedback

 

Question 3

 

1 / 1 point

A 5-year-old client with a history of crying with bowel movements, bright red streaks of blood in the stool and withholding stools presents to the clinic. NSG6435 Week 6 Quiz On exam, the anal mucosa shows small tears with the client in the knee-to-chest position. What is the most likely diagnosis and how is it treated?

Anal fissures; treat with sitz bath and topical steroid cream

Anal fissures, treat with sitz baths and topical antibiotic ointment

Anal fissures; Tucks pads and analgesics

Anal fissures; referral to GI specialist for further evaluation

 

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Question 4

 

1 / 1 point

The guardians of a 7-month-old client newly diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux is unsure of the proper way to care for the child. What information does the Provider share? (select all that apply

Use thickening agents in the formula

Administer the acid-suppression medications as prescribed

Place prone when sleeping

Avoid exposure of the infant to tobacco smoke

 

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Question 5

 

1 / 1 point

The parents of a 3-month-old client presents to the clinic complaining that their child appears to be losing weight. Upon examination the it is noted that the client is irritable and weight falls below the 5th percentile of children who are the same age and height NSG6435 Week 6 Quiz. The provider makes a diagnosis of Failure to Thrive (FTT). What is the most likely cause of FTT in this patient?

Congenital disorder

Acquired disorder

Structural defect

Food Aversion

 

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Question 6

 

1 / 1 point

The provider understands the most common type of enuresis in school-age children is:

Quaternary diurnal enuresis

Tertiary nocturnal encopresis

Secondary diurnal encopresis

Primary nocturnal enuresis

 

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Question 7

 

1 / 1 point

A 2-year-old client presents to the clinic with fever, dyspnea, diarrhea, vomiting, and weight loss. The parents report an increase in abdominal size. On exam, a firm, smooth abdominal mass and a left varicocele are palpated. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Neuroblastoma

Hydronephrosis

Multicystic kidney

Wilms Tumor

 

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Question 8

 

0 / 1 point

A benign, painless scrotal mass or cyst on the head of the epididymis or testicular adnexa containing sperm best describes what condition?

Hydrocele.

Varicocele

Spermatocele

Omphalocele

 

Question 9

 

0 / 1 point

A benign enlargement or dilation of testicular veins causing a painless scrotal mass of varying size that feels like a “bag of worms” best describes what condition?

Hydrocele

Varicocele

Spermatocele

Omphalocele

 

Question 10

 

1 / 1 point

The child that sits to void and urinates on the floor in front of the toilet unless he holds his penis to direct the stream most likely has what condition? NSG6435 Week 6 Quiz.

Hypospadias

Phimosis

Paraphimosis

Epispadias

 

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Designer Baby (Scalisi vs. NY Univ. Medical Center, p. 429)

Why was the basis of the parent’s argument that they were not bound by the written contract in the Scalisi et al. v. New York University Medical Center case?

 

The basis for the Scalisi’s (the parent’s) argument was that prior to signing the written contract with NY Univ. Medical Center, they entered into an oral contract. The Scalisi’s argued that they were not bound by the executed written contract, due to a breach of oral contract on the part of NY Univ. Medical Center. The Scalisi’s claim in the oral contract made with them, they were assured that by impregnating Mrs. Scalisi instead of a surrogate, their child would not be free of autism. This was a huge risk and concern for the Scalisi’s family because the mother (wife) has a family history of autism.

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How did the court rule and what was the reasoning for that decision.

 

In this case, the court ruled to dismiss the Scalisi’s claim of a breach of contract, the Scalisi’s failed to prove any compensatory damages that are required for a breach of contract claim. The court states further that redundant where a case sounds in medical malpractice, a breach of contract is legally terminated, unless the plaintiff can prove the defendant specifically promised to effect a cure or a definite result, the Scalisi’s did not prove that to be true. The court also reasons that they do not take into consideration any possible prior oral contracts that alters or contradicts the written agreement, per the parole evidence rule Designer baby – scalisi vs. ny univ. medical center. The parole evidence rule makes inadmissible any oral contracts or evidence made prior to a written agreement that is intended to be the complete and final version of the parties’ agreement.

 

Do you agree or disagree. Why or why not?

 

I agree with the ruling of the court. Written contracts are meant to be the finalized version of an agreement; if the Scalisi’s entered into an oral contract with NY Univ. Medical Center, they should not have signed the written contract because it didn’t state the terms of their oral contract. The Scalisi’s had options; they could have not signed the written contract as it was presented to them, they could have negotiated the terms to have the written contract amended, and if that failed they could have gone to another hospital that agreed to have their oral contract terms added to a written contract Designer baby – scalisi vs. ny univ. medical center.

 

 

Have you ever entered into an oral contract? Discuss.

 

I have not entered in any oral contract with anyone when it comes to business or family matters. Since I am the only provider for my family (my daughter and I), my goal is to make sure that I don’t write checks or oral contracts that my mouth cannot cash. My father always make sure that I am careful with budget and stay within my allowance. Designer baby – scalisi vs. ny univ. medical center.

NSG 6435 Week 7 Full Assignments – iHuman case titled Tommy Acker, Child Abuse

Assignment 1: Comprehensive Case Study

General Guidelines for Comprehensive Case Study – Week 7 Assignment 1

Your case study should not be just a SOAP note of a patient encounter—it should be a

comprehensive evaluation of an iHuman patient case.

You will complete a Comprehensive SOAP note on the approved Pediatric SOAP Note template

based on the findings of the iHuman case – then major research and discussion of the disease

process are presented. NSG 6435 Week 7 Full Assignments – iHuman case titled Tommy Acker, Child Abuse.

This case study should be a summative evaluation supported by a minimum of 5 evidence-

based articles.

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Evaluation of the case study should be no more than 3-4 substantive paragraphs.A minimum of

five evidence-based sources (in addition to your text) should be used for your case study.

Course texts will not count as a scholarly source; if using data from websites you must go back

to the literature source for the information-no secondary sources are allowed, ie, Medscape,

UptoDate, etc.

This week, complete the iHuman case titled “Tommy Acker, Child Abuse”.Click here for

information on how to access and navigate iHuman.

Name your SOAP note document SU_NSG6435_W7_A1_lastname_firstinitial.doc

i-Human

i-Human is an interactive cloud based system that provides comprehensive learning that

integrates clinical experience.The i-Human system helps students develop patient assessment

and diagnostic reasoning skills at various levels of education.Students will receive online

guidance, feedback, and coaching during the learning process.

Student Login Instructions for NSG 6435 Week 7 Full Assignments – iHuman case titled Tommy Acker, Child Abuse

Logging in to i-Human:

Log on at:

http://toolmanagement.next.ecollege.com/tools/thirdparty/blti.ed?launch=LS:iHuman:Patients

Next Steps:

1) If you were unable to attend a Student Orientation Webinar, please watch this introduction

video: https://vimeo.com/185046053/228aea3fc9

2) Additional tutorial videos can be found on the i-Human home screen under the title “Player

Screencast Tutorials”

3) After attending the webinar or viewing the tutorial you are ready for your first practice

case.

4) The i-Human Student Support Center (link on the home screen under the videos) is a

resource for our most frequently asked questions.The Student Manual is also located here.

5) If you are having any issues that are not answered through the webinars, videos or support

center, you can email: NSG 6435 Week 7 Full Assignments – iHuman case titled Tommy Acker, Child Abuse

NSG 6435 Week 7

W7 Assignment 2 Latest SU

Assignment 2: SOAP Note

Each week, you are required to enter your patient encounters into eMedley.Your faculty will be

checking to ensure you are seeing the right number and mix of patients for a good learning

experience.You will also need to include a minimum of one complete SOAP note using the

Pediatric SOAP Note template.The SOAP note should be related to the content covered in this

week, and the completed note should be submitted to the Dropbox.When submitting your

note, be sure to include the reference number from eMedley.

Submission Details:

enter your patient encounters into eMedley and complete at least one SOAP note in the

template provided. NSG 6435 Week 7 Full Assignments – iHuman case titled Tommy Acker, Child Abuse.

Name your SOAP note document SU_NSG6435_W7_A2_LastName_FirstInitial.doc.

Include the reference number from eMedley in your document. NSG 6435 Week 7 Full Assignments – iHuman case titled Tommy Acker, Child Abuse.

Strategies to Maintain Comfort for the Elderly Suffering From Chronic Diseases

Identify two strategies you can implement to provide comfort to maintain function with an ethnically diverse older adult with a chronic disease? This can be nutrition, ADLs, exercise, etc.

Citations should conform to APA guidelines.

 

Most of the senior citizens in the United States suffer from at least one chronic disease. Around 80 percent of the elderly suffer from a chronic disease and 50 percent have been diagnosed with a chronic disease (Dowell, Haegerich, & Chou, 2016). Therefore counter measures to deal with chronic diseases should be highly prioritized as this population of the elderly continues to grow. This paper explores regular medical checkups and adopting healthy life style as most favorable strategies that can be undertaken while dealing with ethnically diverse elderly patients suffering from a chronic disease in a bid to Maintain Comfort. Strategies to Maintain Comfort for the Elderly Suffering From Chronic Diseases.

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Regular medical checks

Most chronic diseases are life threating if not detected early or managed properly for the individuals already suffering from them. Therefore attention should be given to patients as many may be hesitant to pointing out any physical problem that they might be experiencing. Regular prostrate, breast, cervical and cancer screenings, diabetes and cholesterol tests should be focused on (Wiley et al., 2015). Moreover, professional observation on any physical, mental and past behaviors may also aid in giving clues about a present condition. These observations can be highly relied to combat the disease as many elderly citizens especially those suffering from dementia have a tendency of losing track time and forgetting past events.

Practicing a healthy lifestyle

Healthy lifestyle ranges from healthy eating, regular exercise and avoiding drugs and substance abuse, is an adequate strategy in management of chronic illness among the elderly while the elderly with chronic conditions may not be able to get around well especially in cases involving arthritis, partial paralysis, they should be encouraged to exercise. Strategies to Maintain Comfort for the Elderly Suffering From Chronic Diseases. When they can, they should be encouraged to use a stationary bike, soft rubber exercise balls or balloons for stretching or throwing back and forth, and any other exercise deemed appropriate including taking a walk. Patients should also be encouraged to take healthy and balanced diets, have enough sleep, and avoid stress moreover monitoring of prescribed medication should also be prioritized (Burgio, Gaugler, & Hilgeman, 2016).

References

Burgio, L. D., Gaugler, J. E., & Hilgeman, M. M. (Eds.). (2016). 
The spectrum of family caregiving for adults and elders with chronic illness
. Oxford University Press.

Dowell, D., Haegerich, T. M., & Chou, R. (2016). CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain—United States, 2016. 
Jama
, 
315
(15), 1624-1645.

Wiley, J. A., Rittenhouse, D. R., Shortell, S. M., Casalino, L. P., Ramsay, P. P., Bibi, S., & Alexander, J. A. (2015). Managing chronic illness: physician practices increased the use of care management and medical home processes. 
Health Affairs
, 
34
(1), 78-86. Strategies to Maintain Comfort for the Elderly Suffering From Chronic Diseases.

Psychological and Financial Elder Abuse Sample Essay

Psychological abuse entails cases where by the care giver humiliates and handles the elderly without respect. Notably, in most cases these type of abuse is characterized by name calling, and harsh disregard for the elderly person opinion. Abolishing this type of abuse is coupled with myriad challenges including in ability to recognize signs of occurrence since in most cases there is no physical evidence. Moreover, this abuse is mostly perpetrated by care givers and the elderly are likely to normalize it and might find it hard to report it. Although, psychological abuse has detrimental effects including instigation of mental problem, WHO (2017) highlights it as the most under reported form of elderly abuse.

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Financial elder abuse occurs when an individual mostly a family member misappropriates resources of the elderly or uses financial power to subdue the elderly. Unlike other forms of abuse, financial abuse is subtle and hard to notice and thus difficult to abolish Psychological and Financial Elder Abuse Sample Essay. Further according to WHO (2017), curbing financial abuse is also complicated by the fact that the perpetrators are by closely attached with the elderly such as care givers or family members. In some cases the elderly person has no knowledge of its occurrence and thus no reporting occurs.

Key Strategies to advocate and protect the elderly from psychological and financial abuse include encouraging the community members to help by heightening scrutiny for plausible cases of abuse and report them to the authority. As such, community members should be taught the signs manifest in psychological abuse such as observing behavior changes in the elderly. In this case increased fearfulness, uncommunicative tendencies and isolation among others should be taken to signify possibility of psychological abuse. Manifestations of financial abuse on the other hand include cases of massive withdraws from the elderly accounts and sudden cases of unpaid bills.

The community members should also be encouraged to observe behavioral change by the care giver. In this regard, inhibiting visitors to the elderly and cases whereby the care giver portrays indifference and heightened hostility to the elder such as name calling should also warrant report of possible elderly financial or psychological abuse Psychological and Financial Elder Abuse Sample Essay. Further, I would encourage the need for the authorities and other agencies involved with the elderly take any reported suspicion seriously and take immediate action to curtail the abuse and accrued effects to the elderly.

References

World Health Organization. (2017). Prevention of Elderly Abuse. WHO Psychological and Financial Elder Abuse Sample Essay

Develop a Wellness Program Essay with a holistic approach for the older adult you identified, using resources available in your community (Thomasville, GA). Discuss how this approach will prove an optimum level of well-being.

Citations should conform to APA guidelines.

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Teleadult program has been proposed as a wellness program that makes it conceivable for older adults to access health care in the face of outwardly overwhelming obstructions that comprise isolation, limited movement, and being invalids. The program makes use of phone messaging services to a dedicated site that has medical personnel on standby to offer health care advice to include taking vital readings at regular intervals to be accompanied by customized questions and graphics. In this case, the program would involve using communication technologies to expedite healthcare delivery without regard for distance Wellness Program Essay. This occurs even as communication between medical personnel and the population is enabled. For that matter, the program assigns priority to advance treatment, prevention and ensuring wellness. In fact, the program would be applied to carry out patient evaluation, offer interventions (health and psychological), caregiver education, and real-time monitoring of the patients. This occurs even as it creates a feedback mechanism that guarantees an efficient flow of information between the medical personnel and patient (Harris, 2015). The program can be considered as a multidimensional treatment model that focuses on older adults who are homebound and frail. It evaluates issues that influence the quality of care and their connection with care outcomes thus guaranteeing that the population receives the recommended care with enhanced participation from all stakeholders. Even as the program is applied, a likely obstacle to its implementation is meaningful use by the older adult population. The obstacle will be preempted through offering detailed tutorials to the population explaining what the program entails before its implementation. Also, verbal prompts would be included to allow the patient make good use of the program (Harris, 2015). In this respect, Teleadult program is a wellness program that presents an opportunity for older adults to addresses the communication concerns of health care delivery. Wellness Program Essay.

Reference

Harris, M. (2015).
Handbook of Home Health Care Administration
(6
th
ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning Wellness Program Essay.

Social Challenges of Aging Essay

Conduct in-depth analysis of a pertinent topic related to aging. Define the problem, specific population affected, cultural implications, and financial/legal/ethical implications. What interventions can be used to improve the problem? What resources are available? What are the associated costs? Is this idea sustainable? Social Challenges of Aging Essay.

Submit your paper in a 6–7-page Microsoft Word document.

Support your responses with examples.

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References must be within 3 years.

Social Challenges of Aging

Introduction

The subject of aging garners greater debate when it concerns the elderly and aged persons who are often considered unproductive but requiring a large proportion of the health resources to maintain a high-quality life, health education and long-term care plans. In fact, the attention focus on the gaps in income, housing and other relevant social and community elements. The reality is that elderly persons require input from multiple stakeholders before these gaps can be addressed (von Homboldt, 2016). Social Challenges of Aging Essay. This then leaves us with the question of what consequences will be faced by both the present and future populations with regards to the existing gaps as pertains a population composed of elderly persons. The present paper explores these notions by talking of the implications of aging and associated social challenges of an aging population.

Discussion

Social challenges of aging

The elderly population has far-reaching implications for any country. This is because it presents direct challenges to the medical system to include the increasing cost of healthcare, rising demand for medical services use, and shifting health profiles. This can be presented as a rapidly increasing group of elderly persons with a larger burden of lifestyle-related medical conditions (such as diabetes) and typical age-based medical issues (that include cancer, dementia, arthritis, and so on) when compared to preceding generations. In addition, the social variations that the next generation of elderly persons will experience (to include an enhanced awareness and understanding of medical issues, as well as greater expectations of medical services) poses added challenges. These challenges are likely to have an effect on future health care engagement and delivery models (Tomczyk & Klimczuk, 2015). Social Challenges of Aging Essay.

The major social challenge is shifting health profiles, with the issue being how medical systems will meet the health needs of the aging population that is increasingly impacted by chronic ailments. The prevalence of many medical conditions is greater for older age groups. Besides that, it is noted that elderly persons are more likely to report multiple long-term medical disorders. Despite the rising incidence of ill health and disease among elderly persons with the condition worsening with age, most persons in that age group believe that they are in good health Social Challenges of Aging Essay. The implication of these awareness is that older individuals have a higher prevalence of chronic self-reported health conditions, terminal conditions, and high risk of injury, thereby showing that they are prone to shifting health profiles requiring greater medical care (Tomczyk & Klimczuk, 2015).

Another challenge is the rising demand for medical services. It is increasingly apparent that the demand for medical services is affected by a range of social factors, but elderly persons are typically higher users of medical services when compared to their younger counterparts. As such, medical services demand is anticipated to rise with the aging population. The increased use of medical services and facilities by elderly populations has implications for medical personnel that is diverse and large, encompassing many occupations that range from volunteers to support staff and highly qualified professions Social Challenges of Aging Essay. The aging population needs an adequate medical labour force to handle its needs (to include skill set, distribution, and numbers) to meet the heightened demand and shifting needs. The future scarcity of appropriately skilled health workers is also anticipated to be a particular challenge (Tomczyk & Klimczuk, 2015).

Yet another challenge is the rising cost of health care. With elderly persons being high users of medical services and facilities, and medical costs being higher for the same population subset, it is prudent to have concerns about the possibility of elderly persons placing an unsustainable strain on available resources. The relationship between medical costs and aging is complex. Still, there is considerable evidence to show that growth in health care spending (both current and projected) are attributable to aging. As such, there is little doubt that medical policies and systems should be adapted in response to the significant shift in population demographics. Part of this understanding includes the awareness that health care funding is collected from a range of sources to include private individuals, insurers, government, and non-governmental sources (Michel et al., 2018).

The government is the principal source of health funding, accounting for as much as 70% of funding needs. It is important to note that the high expenditure has been matched by increasing tax revenue. Whether the same trend will be noted in the future is difficult to predict since labour productivity and supply patterns are likely to undergo change even as education levels rise and diversification occurs in the economy (von Homboldt, 2016). Social Challenges of Aging Essay Private individuals account for 17% of medical funding, with the elderly who tend to have lower incomes and greater wealth also reporting higher costs and spending although these figures are distributed unevenly. More than 50% of their personal wealth (for the elderly) constitutes property. Although it would be logical to assume that elderly persons can easily access their wealth (such as property through reverse mortgage), this wealth is not readily accessible to fund medical needs. Besides that, elderly persons who do not own their accommodation end up having to rent and spend a large proportion of their income on housing thereby leaving a very small proportion for medical costs and other expenditures (von Homboldt, 2016).

The next generation of elderly persons (the baby boomer cohort) is anticipated to have higher levels of wealth and income when compared to past generations. However, the unequal distribution of wealth and income will continue whereby 25% of the wealthy elderly persons will account for 60% of the income and wealth while the poorer 25% will account for 4% of the income and wealth for that age group (von Homboldt, 2016). In addition, the elderly are also increasingly becoming active in the labour force, thereby helping to offset their expenditure growth and bring about better retirement balances (Paltasing & Tyagi, 2015) Social Challenges of Aging Essay. On the other hand, a large number of elderly persons have never contributed to retirement schemes or have only made minimal contributions for a limited time. Increased retirement savings is not anticipated to have an impact in decreasing the number of persons who receive pensions, but it is anticipated to cause a greater shift away from full pensions and towards partial pensions. This means that this population will be unable to meet their health care costs even as they age (Michel et al., 2018).

It is important to note that the challenge presented by an elderly population is acute for certain demographic groups, thereby explaining why the demand for medical service types and locations vary. The higher incidence of disability and life expectancy reported among elderly women (when compared to their male counterparts), along with differences in workforce participation and earnings means that women are more vulnerable to economic uncertainties. Although retirement payment coverage is rising, there remains a significant disparity between superannuation coverage for both male and female elderly persons (Rajan & Balagopal, 2017). Social Challenges of Aging Essay.

At the core of the focus on social factors and pressures is the awareness that socioeconomic factors, including their related handicaps, are important health determinants. In general, there is a tendency for health status to improve with a rise in the economic data. This phenomenon is typically referred to as the socioeconomic gradient of health. Rajan and Balagopal, (2017) puts the issue into perspective by reporting that health inequalities impose costs on any country, both regarding losing productivity and medical care. The very existence of such inequalities is an indication that there is room for health gains to be realized (Rajan & Balagopal, 2017).

Responding to the social challenges

As has been established, an aging population presents some social challenges. This implies that the combination of medical services needed and offered, as well as the way in which they are delivered and funded needs to undergo some radical changes in response to the aging population. At the core of this awareness is the knowledge that aging is linked to heightened risk of dependency, disability and plethora of medical conditions, although the situation is variable since most of the chronic conditions can be postponed or even prevented thereby determining that they are not an inevitable consequence of aging (von Humboldt, 2016). The postponement and prevention to promote good health across the lifespan occur through reduction of morbidity from diseases, disease prevention after the onset, reducing risk factors prevalence before disease onset, and prevention of disease risk factors (Paltasing & Tyagi, 2015) Social Challenges of Aging Essay. Overall, encouraging wellbeing across the different age groups is intended as a strategy for ensuring that future generations of elderly persons are healthy.

Another response is enabling healthy aging, which involves improving and maintaining quality of life and health of elderly persons through the management of multi-morbidity and chronic conditions to enable active and healthy aging (Rajan & Balagopal, 2017). The medical sector plays a principal role in supporting and promoting healthy aging, with medical professionals being instrumental in averting or avoiding disease complications, managing the risks of diseases, and offering advice on lifestyle. Care programs for aged persons also offer a setting for preventive medical care, particularly in avoiding the occurrence of fractures and falls since they are common among elderly persons and are associated with high costs (von Humboldt, 2016).

Supporting and better enabling the social and economic participation of elderly persons within their communities is anticipated to mitigate the challenges of an aging population. This is because health is positively linked to engagement in paid employment (Paltasing & Tyagi, 2015). As a result, promoting good health among elderly persons presents the possibility of triggering health gains and increasing the capacity to actively participate in both the community and workforce.

Conclusion

One must accept that aging attracts debate since the population is linked to heightened risk of dependency, disability and plethora of medical conditions. Also, the population is considered unproductive and yet require considerable resources to maintain. In addition, one must acknowledge that this population faces significant social challenges. Social Challenges of Aging Essay To be more concise, aging population faces social challenges in terms of shifting health profiles, rising demand for medical services, rising cost of health care, funding sources, and unfavorable socioeconomic gradient of health. There is a need to respond to these social challenges through postponement and prevention to promote good health across the lifespan, enabling healthy aging, and supporting increased social and economic participation of elderly persons. In this respect, an aging population introduces unique social challenges that should be addressed.

References

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