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Cystic Fibrosis Pathophysiology

Pathophysiology – Cystic Fibrosis

DISCUSSION ONE

Find an article on a genetic disorder (use article above about Cystic Fibrosis), and

1.1. Summarize in two or three paragraphs the genetic component causing the disorder and any         multifactorial inheritance components that may contribute to the disorder.

Cystic fibrosis is a genetically inherited disease to imply that its cause has a genetic component. In fact, the disease expression is linked to the CFTR gene whereby two parents with the carrier genes will produce an offspring that inherits both carrier genes thus expressing the disease. Having one faulty gene identifies the individual as a carrier whereby the disease is not expressed. The disease is only expressed if two faulty genes are inherited, one from each parent. Population estimates postulate that 3.2% of the US population are cystic fibrosis carriers who will not express the symptoms associated with the disease (Cleveland Clinic, 2018). As such, homozygosity for the faulty CFTR gene results in cystic fibrosis expressing as a phenotype Cystic Fibrosis Pathophysiology.

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1.2. Discuss the usual age of disease onset and if the sex-specific threshold model fits the disorder.

Unlike other medical ailments that may show age- or sex-specific peculiarities, cystic fibrosis can occur at any age and occurs equally in both males and females. To be more succinct, the genes that cause the disease are not impacted by gender. This is explained by the fact that the genes causing the disease must be inherited from both the mother and father who are carriers. Still, it must be noted that gender variations exist for symptoms presentation. In fact, females who present the disease at a young age have trouble with meeting growth milestones and experience more breathing related problems when compared to their male counterparts. Additionally, the females live for four years fewer than their male counterparts. Besides that, females who begin presenting disease symptoms while under 20 years of age present 60% mortality (owing to disease complications) when compared to their male counterparts. The implication is that males with the disorder have a greater advantage when compared to females with the disorder (Acton, 2013) Cystic Fibrosis Pathophysiology.

1.3. What education could you present to high-risk patients to reduce the risk of disease onset if a multifactorial component exists.

High risk patients must understand that other than genetics, multifactorial components may exist in the environment to affect disease onset. For instance, the presence of certain ailments or a particular climate could speed up the disease onset. As such, it is important for the patient to identify all the multifactorial components that could influence disease onset then control these components to reduce the risk of disease onset. For instance, if a particular climate could speed up disease onset, then the patient should identify a climate that reduces that onset (Quinn, de Paor & Blanck, 2015).

DISCUSSION QUESTION 2

Genetic screening has become widely available to the public including prenatal screening of the fetus in utero to screening adults for genetic disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease and breast cancer.

2.1. Share your thoughts on the legal, ethical, and social implications that may be related to genetic screening.

Although genetic screening has improved the medical management of genetic disorders, it has legal, ethical and social implications. Firstly, it raises the question of how the screening information should be handled in terms of confidentiality and access. This is an important concern since this information can be used inappropriately Cystic Fibrosis Pathophysiology. For instance, insurers and employers can use the information to discriminate against persons whose genetic profile identify them as being high risk individuals. Secondly, the screening presents some social concerns, particularly when the patient is turned into a second-class citizen and victimized because of having a particular genetic anomaly. Finally, it presents an ethical concern when the test results are used to influence reproduction decisions such as getting an abortion (McCance et al., 2013).

2.2. How would you educate your patient that is considering having genetic screening?

Any patient considering genetic screening should first understand what the screening entails. It is useful when the family history identifies the patient as being at risk for an inborn condition. In this case, the patient should understand that genetic screening can act as a confirmatory test so that the patient gets to prepare for any eventualities. This is particularly true when the disease onset is dependent on multifactorial components. By conducting the test, the patient can confirm the presence of the disease and control the multifactorial components to reduce the risk of disease onset (McCance et al., 2013).

References

Acton, A. (2013). 
Cystic fibrosis: new insights for the healthcare professional
(2013 Edition). Atlanta, GA: ScholarlyEditions.

Cleveland Clinic (2018).
Cystic Fibrosis
. Retrieved from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9358-cystic-fibrosis

McCance, K. L., Huether, S. E., Brashers, V. L. & Rote, N. S. (2013). 
Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children
 (7
th
ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier.

Quinn, G., de Paor, A. & Blanck, P. (2015).
Genetic discrimination: transatlantic perspectives on the case for a European-level legal response
. New York, NY: Routledge Cystic Fibrosis Pathophysiology

Obesity in Texas Community Assignment

In Texas, there are some challenges that face different communities especially health related issues. Therefore, the most common significant challenges in the communities include obesity, drug and substance abuse and maternal health. These are the most significant challenges that are highly inhibiting the ability of the Texas communities to reach the required health levels. Therefore, this paper will provide a significant understanding of obesity as the major source of health concern in Texas. Obesity in Texas Community Assignment. These will include a significant understanding of important service facilities that play a huge role in the provision of health-related data and information.

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The growing prevalence of obesity amongst adults and children is a major public health challenge both nationally and internationally. Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of developing a range of other health problems such as coronary heart disease (CHD), type 2 diabetes, some cancers, and stroke and reduce life expectation. The concerns of obesity are not limited to the direct impact on health. Overweight and obesity also have adverse social consequences through perception, social exclusion and loss of or lower earnings, and adverse consequences on the wider economy through, for example, working days lost and increased benefit payments (Loue and Quill, 2013). Obesity in Texas Community Assignment.

Obesity is a common complex disorder that involves the presence of excessive amount of fat in the body. The rate at which obesity in children is rising faster to have caught the attention of health care professionals, childhood advocates and parents all over the world. Obese children have their weight above the normal average weight and are not proportional to their age and height. The incidences of obesity in children tend to increase with age. Boys are said to be obese if their body fat is way above thirty-two percent while girls are obese if their total body fat is more than twenty-five percent.

Therefore, despite being a national health concern, childhood obesity is a growing problem in Texas. The national survey of Children’s health affirms that 32.2% of Texas children are overweight and obese which is significantly higher than the national average. This very serious issue is supposed to be effectively considered to ensure that there are better health relations among both children and adults in Texas. Obesity in Texas Community Assignment. The increased prevalence of obesity among both children and adults in Texas is thus as a result of various factors, which include the most significant, being the lifestyle that is adopted by many individuals within Texas communities (Springer et.al, 2015.)

Obesity is becoming a world crisis since in every country the number of individuals with obesity complications is greatly increasing every single year. The increased obesity population rates can be attributed mainly to poor eating habits and inadequate or lack of exercises that are supposed to keep the body energetic hence eliminating the extra fats that accumulate in the systems. Different countries are in advanced stages in fighting against this complication that is fast derailing the economic and social development of the first world countries all over the globe. Previously obesity was strictly termed as rich nation diseases, but it has since circulated to all individuals regardless of how or where they come from (Dooyema et.al, 2013). Obesity in Texas Community Assignment.

Different researches are being carried out with the main task of unfolding how obesity can be controlled at early stages since it usually develops during the ages of development when an individual is still very young. These researchers are majorly capped by favorable government policy that is put in place with the aim of combating the growth of obesity and also sensitizing citizens at large on how to lead a healthy lifestyle as well. The main method on how obesity can be controlled is by ensuring that children from an early age participate in physical exercises. By doing this, they can use the extra fat that tends to lie in the lower part of the heart bring many complications to patients. Most people with obesity disorder suffer from heart-related complications. This is due to the effect the extra oil and fats has on the human body. These researchers, therefore, focus on important data that is obtained from various service facilities within our communities.

Foods with high amounts of fats and sugar and fewer vitamins is a contributor. This results in the presence of many accumulated fats in the body. The body tends to use a given rate of energy produced in the body, and the rest is just a waste if an individual has no ways by which the excess energy, it accumulates in the body and causes many discomforts to the individuals. Many of the food industries normally deal with already processed foodstuffs where many food additives. Also, because they are cheaper than the natural food that is more important to the body. This has led to the over-consumption of this diets which are unhealthy to individuals yet they go on to consume unknowingly (Ory et.al, 2013). Obesity in Texas Community Assignment.

Within my community, obesity is a significant health concern especially because individuals have adopted certain lifestyles that do not promote better nutritional levels among individuals. There are a significant number of facilities within the community that have significant information relating to obesity and its prevalence. Obesity in Texas Community Assignment. They include the health department, department of human and social services, crisis childcare center, community center, American Red Cross and the emergency management director.

The interaction with these service providers was able to provide significant information relating to common issues, prevalence and the best way obesity in the community can be successful controlled. All these organizations are concerned with the wellbeing of the community especially with health issues and ensuring that there is better engagement in health issues within the community. Thus, the target population of these service providers includes all community members since they are parties of interest. The wellbeing of the community members is a responsibility of this service provider organization and have significant information concerning obesity at different levels in the society (Hoelscher et.al, 2014) Obesity in Texas Community Assignment.

These organizations are found almost everywhere within the community, and thus it is much easier to know their presence. Most of these organizations work hand in hand with federal agencies, which in turn play a significant role in ensuring that there is better information, which can be considered in different cases. Thus, most of their advertisement strategy is mostly implemented by the national agencies.  Most of these facilities are non-profit generating companies, which makes it easier to focus on quality data collection relating to different health concerns within the community.

Barriers to effective service delivery always exist, and they can be found in different levels. Most family members are not putting into much consideration the importance of regular checkups, which create a very different environment thus making it very difficult for these service agencies to obtain any significant information relating to obesity. This makes it difficult to have better information involving obesity prevalence within the community. Obesity in Texas Community Assignment.

These service facilities are easily accessible and operate free toll numbers, which are easily accessible all day long in case of emergency. This has been able to help many extreme obesity cases where community members develop significant health complications such as cardio- vascular disease due to excess fats around the heart area.  Thus to improve the engagement between these facilities staff and the community member’s language has been a significant integral element providing better relations within the community.

References

Dooyema, C. A., Belay, B., Foltz, J. L., Williams, N., & Blanck, H. M. (2013). 
The childhood obesity research demonstration project: A comprehensive community approach to reduce childhood obesity.
 Childhood Obesity, 9 (5), 454-459.

Hoelscher, D. M., Butte, N. F., & Barlow, S. (2014). 
A systems approach to childhood obesity prevention and treatment: The Texas Child Obesity Research Demonstration (TX CORD) project.
Child Obes, 11, 71-91. Obesity in Texas Community Assignment.

Loue, S., & Quill, B. E. (Eds.). (2013). 
Handbook of rural health
. Springer Science & Business Media.

Ory, M. G., Nichols, D., Dickerson, J. B., Madsen, K. K., Dowdy, D. M., Menendez, T., & Hoelscher, D. M. (2013). 
Creating a tipping point: Texas obesity policy actions in review, 2000–2010. 
Progress in community health partnerships: research, education, and action, 7 (4), 419-427.

Springer, A. E., Li, L., Ranjit, N., Delk, J., Mehta, K., & Kelder, S. H. (2015). 
School-level economic disadvantage and obesity in middle school children in central Texas, USA: a cross-sectional study.
 International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 12 (1), 1.

Evaluation Results 2/4/17, 3)50 PM Evaluation Report Evaluation Results Print Do you have a question or need support? Use the E-Care form to contact the WGU E-Care Team for questions or support. E-Care Support Request Form Author: Dona Robert Date Evaluated: 01/11/2017 04:28:16 PM (MST) DRF template: Application of Community Health and Population-Focused Nursing (UG, C228, VWT11215) Program: Application of Community Health and Population-Focused Nursing (UG, C228, VWT11215) Evaluation Method: Using Rubric Display: All Comments Criteria Description Evaluation Summary for App of Comm Health & Pop-Foc. Nurs: VWT Task 1 Final Score: Does not Meet Overall comments: 1/11/17 The prevalence of obesity, substance abuse and maternal health are discussed, with obesity showcased as the highest priority for the community. Barriers and resources to prevention are located and identified in the assessment. Discussion of the major health concern and the relation to Healthy People 2020 goals is not found in the assessment. Detailed Results (Rubric used: VWT Task 1 (1215)) Articulation of Response (clarity, organization, mechanics) (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate provides unsatisfactory articulation of response. The candidate provides weak articulation of response. The candidate provides limited articulation of response. The candidate provides adequate articulation of response. The candidate provides substantial articulation of response. Criterion Score: 4.00 A. Identification of Community https://staffdev.taskstream.com/staff_dev/staff_dev/mentor/eval_re…cph5cqcf&progid=&eid=uffdfq00ayhuh4coh6cvhozq&popup=1&ehs=a_z9eucf Page 1 of 4 Evaluation Results 2/4/17, 3)50 PM (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate does not accurately identify a community for which there is published data available that will support the diagnosis. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. The candidate accurately identifies a community for which there is published data available that will support the diagnosis. Criterion Score: 4.00 B. Assessment of Needs and Risks (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate does not provide an assessment of how each of the tools listed was used in the assessment of the identified community. The candidate provides an assessment, with no detail, of how 1–5 of the tools listed was used in the assessment of the identified community. The candidate provides an assessment, with limited detail, of how each of the 6 tools listed was used in the assessment of the identified community. Obesity in Texas Community Assignment. The candidate provides an assessment, with adequate detail, of how each of the 6 tools listed was used in the assessment of the identified community. The candidate provides an assessment, with substantial detail, of how each of the 6 tools listed was used in the assessment of the identified community. Criterion Score: 4.00 Comments on this criterion: 1/11/17 Each of the six tools is clearly addressed in the assessment B1. Interpretation of Collected Data (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate does not provide a logical interpretation of the collected data using concepts of epidemiology. The candidate provides a logical interpretation, with no detail, of the collected data using concepts of epidemiology. The candidate provides a logical interpretation, with limited detail, of the collected data using concepts of epidemiology. The candidate provides a logical interpretation, with adequate detail, of the collected data using concepts of epidemiology. The candidate provides a logical interpretation, with substantial detail, of the collected data using concepts of epidemiology. Criterion Score: 4.00 C1. Problems in the Selected Community​ (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate does not identify any problems based on the Healthy People 2020 goals for the selected community. Not applicable. The candidate identifies 1–2 top problems based on the Healthy People 2020 goals for the selected Not applicable. The candidate identifies 3 top problems based on the Healthy People 2020 goals for the selected https://staffdev.taskstream.com/staff_dev/staff_dev/mentor/eval_re…ph5cqcf&progid=&eid=uffdfq00ayhuh4coh6cvhozq&popup=1&ehs=a_z9eucf Page 2 of 4 Evaluation Results 2/4/17, 3)50 PM community. community. Criterion Score: 4.00 Comments on this criterion: 1/11/17 Obesity, substance abuse and maternal health are discussed in the assessment. C1a. Problems in Relation to Goals (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate does not provide a logical discussion of the problems in relation to the Healthy People 2020 goals. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with no detail, of the problems in relation to the Healthy People 2020 goals. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with limited detail, of the problems in relation to the Healthy People 2020 goals. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with adequate detail, of the problems in relation to the Healthy People 2020 goals. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with substantial detail, of the problems in relation to the Healthy People 2020 goals. Criterion Score: 0.00 Comments on this criterion: 1/11/17 The health concerns in the community are clearly discussed in the assessment. There is no discussion found highlighting the problem in relation to Healthy People 2020 goals. C2a. Availability of Community Resources​ (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate does not provide a logical discussion of community resources that are available to address the selected problem. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with no detail, of community resources that are available to address the selected problem. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with limited detail, of community resources that are available to address the selected problem. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with adequate detail, of community resources that are available to address the selected problem. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with substantial detail, of community resources that are available to address the selected problem. Criterion Score: 4.00 C3. Primary Prevention Topic​ (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate does not formulate a logical primary prevention topic based on the problem identified in part C2. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. The candidate formulates a logical primary prevention topic based on the problem identified in part C2. (1) 1=Does Not (2) 2=Minimally (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Criterion Score: 4.00 D. Sources (0) https://staffdev.taskstream.com/staff_dev/staff_dev/mentor/eval_re…ph5cqcf&progid=&eid=uffdfq00ayhuh4coh6cvhozq&popup=1&ehs=a_z9eucf Page 3 of 4 Evaluation Results 2/4/17, 3)50 PM 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present Meet Standard Competent The candidate does not provide in-text citations and references. The candidate provides only some intext citations and references. The candidate provides appropriate in-text citations and references with major deviations from APA style. Competent The candidate provides appropriate in-text citations and references with minor deviations from APA style. The candidate provides appropriate in-text citations and references with no readily detectable deviations from APA style. Criterion Score: 4.00 https://staffdev.taskstream.com/staff_dev/staff_dev/mentor/eval_re…ph5cqcf&progid=&eid=uffdfq00ayhuh4coh6cvhozq&popup=1&ehs=a_z9eucf Page 4 of 4 Running head: OBESITY IN TEXAS COMMUNITY Obesity in Texas Community Dona Robert 01/10/2017 1 OBESITY IN TEXAS COMMUNITY 2 In Texas, there are some challenges that face different communities especially health related issues. Therefore, the most common significant challenges in the communities include obesity, drug and substance abuse and maternal health. These are the most significant challenges that are highly inhibiting the ability of the Texas communities to reach the required health levels. Therefore, this paper will provide a significant understanding of obesity as the major source of health concern in Texas. These will include a significant understanding of important service facilities that play a huge role in the provision of health-related data and information. The growing prevalence of obesity amongst adults and children is a major public health challenge both nationally and internationally. Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of developing a range of other health problems such as coronary heart disease (CHD), type 2 diabetes, some cancers, and stroke and reduce life expectation. The concerns of obesity are not limited to the direct impact on health. Overweight and obesity also have adverse social consequences through perception, social exclusion and loss of or lower earnings, and adverse consequences on the wider economy through, for example, working days lost and increased benefit payments (Loue and Quill, 2013). Obesity is a common complex disorder that involves the presence of excessive amount of fat in the body. The rate at which obesity in children is rising faster to have caught the attention of health care professionals, childhood advocates and parents all over the world. Obese children have their weight above the normal average weight and are not proportional to their age and height. Obesity in Texas Community Assignment. The incidences of obesity in children tend to increase with age. Boys are said to be obese if their body fat is way above thirty-two percent while girls are obese if their total body fat is more than twenty-five percent. OBESITY IN TEXAS COMMUNITY 3 Therefore, despite being a national health concern, childhood obesity is a growing problem in Texas. The national survey of Children’s health affirms that 32.2% of Texas children are overweight and obese which is significantly higher than the national average. This very serious issue is supposed to be effectively considered to ensure that there are better health relations among both children and adults in Texas. The increased prevalence of obesity among both children and adults in Texas is thus as a result of various factors, which include the most significant, being the lifestyle that is adopted by many individuals within Texas communities (Springer et.al, 2015.) Obesity is becoming a world crisis since in every country the number of individuals with obesity complications is greatly increasing every single year. The increased obesity population rates can be attributed mainly to poor eating habits and inadequate or lack of exercises that are supposed to keep the body energetic hence eliminating the extra fats that accumulate in the systems. Different countries are in advanced stages in fighting against this complication that is fast derailing the economic and social development of the first world countries all over the globe. Previously obesity was strictly termed as rich nation diseases, but it has since circulated to all individuals regardless of how or where they come from (Dooyema et.al, 2013). Different researches are being carried out with the main task of unfolding how obesity can be controlled at early stages since it usually develops during the ages of development when an individual is still very young. These researchers are majorly capped by favorable government policy that is put in place with the aim of combating the growth of obesity and also sensitizing citizens at large on how to lead a healthy lifestyle as well. The main method on how obesity can be controlled is by ensuring that children from an early age participate in physical exercises. By doing this, they can use the extra fat that tends to lie in the lower part of the heart bring many OBESITY IN TEXAS COMMUNITY 4 complications to patients. Most people with obesity disorder suffer from heart-related complications. This is due to the effect the extra oil and fats has on the human body. These researchers, therefore, focus on important data that is obtained from various service facilities within our communities. Foods with high amounts of fats and sugar and fewer vitamins is a contributor. This results in the presence of many accumulated fats in the body. The body tends to use a given rate of energy produced in the body, and the rest is just a waste if an individual has no ways by which the excess energy, it accumulates in the body and causes many discomforts to the individuals. Many of the food industries normally deal with already processed foodstuffs where many food additives. Also, because they are cheaper than the natural food that is more important to the body. This has led to the over-consumption of this diets which are unhealthy to individuals yet they go on to consume unknowingly (Ory et.al, 2013). Within my community, obesity is a significant health concern especially because individuals have adopted certain lifestyles that do not promote better nutritional levels among individuals. There are a significant number of facilities within the community that have significant information relating to obesity and its prevalence. They include the health department, department of human and social services, crisis childcare center, community center, American Red Cross and the emergency management director. The interaction with these service providers was able to provide significant information relating to common issues, prevalence and the best way obesity in the community can be successful controlled. All these organizations are concerned with the wellbeing of the community especially with health issues and ensuring that there is better engagement in health issues within the community. Thus, the target population of these service providers includes all OBESITY IN TEXAS COMMUNITY 5 community members since they are parties of interest. The wellbeing of the community members is a responsibility of this service provider organization and have significant information concerning obesity at different levels in the society (Hoelscher et.al, 2014). These organizations are found almost everywhere within the community, and thus it is much easier to know their presence. Most of these organizations work hand in hand with federal agencies, which in turn play a significant role in ensuring that there is better information, which can be considered in different cases. Thus, most of their advertisement strategy is mostly implemented by the national agencies. Most of these facilities are non-profit generating companies, which makes it easier to focus on quality data collection relating to different health concerns within the community. Barriers to effective service delivery always exist, and they can be found in different levels. Most family members are not putting into much consideration the importance of regular checkups, which create a very different environment thus making it very difficult for these service agencies to obtain any significant information relating to obesity. This makes it difficult to have better information involving obesity prevalence within the community. These service facilities are easily accessible and operate free toll numbers, which are easily accessible all day long in case of emergency. This has been able to help many extreme obesity cases where community members develop significant health complications such as cardio- vascular disease due to excess fats around the heart area. Thus to improve the engagement between these facilities staff and the community member’s language has been a significant integral element providing better relations within the community. OBESITY IN TEXAS COMMUNITY 6 References Dooyema, C. A., Belay, B., Foltz, J. L., Williams, N., & Blanck, H. M. (2013). The childhood obesity research demonstration project: A comprehensive community approach to reduce childhood obesity. Childhood Obesity, 9 (5), 454-459. Hoelscher, D. M., Butte, N. F., & Barlow, S. (2014). A systems approach to childhood obesity prevention and treatment: The Texas Child Obesity Research Demonstration (TX CORD) project. Child Obes, 11, 71-91. Loue, S., & Quill, B. E. (Eds.). Obesity in Texas Community Assignment. (2013). Handbook of rural health. Springer Science & Business Media. Ory, M. G., Nichols, D., Dickerson, J. B., Madsen, K. K., Dowdy, D. M., Menendez, T., & Hoelscher, D. M. (2013). Creating a tipping point: Texas obesity policy actions in review, 2000–2010. Progress in community health partnerships: research, education, and action, 7 (4), 419-427. Springer, A. E., Li, L., Ranjit, N., Delk, J., Mehta, K., & Kelder, S. H. (2015). School-level economic disadvantage and obesity in middle school children in central Texas, USA: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 12 (1), 1. …

Evaluation Results 2/4/17, 3)50 PM Evaluation Report Evaluation Results Print Do you have a question or need support? Use the E-Care form to contact the WGU E-Care Team for questions or support. E-Care Support Request Form Author: Dona Robert Date Evaluated: 01/11/2017 04:28:16 PM (MST) DRF template: Application of Community Health and Population-Focused Nursing (UG, C228, VWT11215) Program: Application of Community Health and Population-Focused Nursing (UG, C228, VWT11215) Evaluation Method: Using Rubric Display: All Comments Criteria Description Evaluation Summary for App of Comm Health & Pop-Foc. Nurs: VWT Task 1 Final Score: Does not Meet Overall comments: 1/11/17 The prevalence of obesity, substance abuse and maternal health are discussed, with obesity showcased as the highest priority for the community. Barriers and resources to prevention are located and identified in the assessment. Discussion of the major health concern and the relation to Healthy People 2020 goals is not found in the assessment. Detailed Results (Rubric used: VWT Task 1 (1215)) Articulation of Response (clarity, organization, mechanics) (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate provides unsatisfactory articulation of response. The candidate provides weak articulation of response. The candidate provides limited articulation of response. The candidate provides adequate articulation of response. The candidate provides substantial articulation of response. Criterion Score: 4.00 A. Identification of Community https://staffdev.taskstream.com/staff_dev/staff_dev/mentor/eval_re…cph5cqcf&progid=&eid=uffdfq00ayhuh4coh6cvhozq&popup=1&ehs=a_z9eucf Page 1 of 4 Evaluation Results 2/4/17, 3)50 PM (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate does not accurately identify a community for which there is published data available that will support the diagnosis. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. The candidate accurately identifies a community for which there is published data available that will support the diagnosis. Criterion Score: 4.00 B. Assessment of Needs and Risks (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate does not provide an assessment of how each of the tools listed was used in the assessment of the identified community. The candidate provides an assessment, with no detail, of how 1–5 of the tools listed was used in the assessment of the identified community. The candidate provides an assessment, with limited detail, of how each of the 6 tools listed was used in the assessment of the identified community. The candidate provides an assessment, with adequate detail, of how each of the 6 tools listed was used in the assessment of the identified community. The candidate provides an assessment, with substantial detail, of how each of the 6 tools listed was used in the assessment of the identified community. Criterion Score: 4.00 Comments on this criterion: 1/11/17 Each of the six tools is clearly addressed in the assessment B1. Interpretation of Collected Data (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate does not provide a logical interpretation of the collected data using concepts of epidemiology. The candidate provides a logical interpretation, with no detail, of the collected data using concepts of epidemiology. The candidate provides a logical interpretation, with limited detail, of the collected data using concepts of epidemiology. The candidate provides a logical interpretation, with adequate detail, of the collected data using concepts of epidemiology. The candidate provides a logical interpretation, with substantial detail, of the collected data using concepts of epidemiology. Criterion Score: 4.00 C1. Problems in the Selected Community​ (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate does not identify any problems based on the Healthy People 2020 goals for the selected community. Not applicable. The candidate identifies 1–2 top problems based on the Healthy People 2020 goals for the selected Not applicable. The candidate identifies 3 top problems based on the Healthy People 2020 goals for the selected https://staffdev.taskstream.com/staff_dev/staff_dev/mentor/eval_re…ph5cqcf&progid=&eid=uffdfq00ayhuh4coh6cvhozq&popup=1&ehs=a_z9eucf Page 2 of 4 Evaluation Results 2/4/17, 3)50 PM community. community. Criterion Score: 4.00 Comments on this criterion: 1/11/17 Obesity, substance abuse and maternal health are discussed in the assessment. C1a. Problems in Relation to Goals (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate does not provide a logical discussion of the problems in relation to the Healthy People 2020 goals. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with no detail, of the problems in relation to the Healthy People 2020 goals. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with limited detail, of the problems in relation to the Healthy People 2020 goals. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with adequate detail, of the problems in relation to the Healthy People 2020 goals. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with substantial detail, of the problems in relation to the Healthy People 2020 goals. Obesity in Texas Community Assignment. Criterion Score: 0.00 Comments on this criterion: 1/11/17 The health concerns in the community are clearly discussed in the assessment. There is no discussion found highlighting the problem in relation to Healthy People 2020 goals. C2a. Availability of Community Resources​ (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate does not provide a logical discussion of community resources that are available to address the selected problem. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with no detail, of community resources that are available to address the selected problem. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with limited detail, of community resources that are available to address the selected problem. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with adequate detail, of community resources that are available to address the selected problem. The candidate provides a logical discussion, with substantial detail, of community resources that are available to address the selected problem. Criterion Score: 4.00 C3. Primary Prevention Topic​ (0) 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present (1) 1=Does Not Meet Standard (2) 2=Minimally Competent (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Competent The candidate does not formulate a logical primary prevention topic based on the problem identified in part C2. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. The candidate formulates a logical primary prevention topic based on the problem identified in part C2. (1) 1=Does Not (2) 2=Minimally (3) 3=Competent (4) 4=Highly Criterion Score: 4.00 D. Sources (0) https://staffdev.taskstream.com/staff_dev/staff_dev/mentor/eval_re…ph5cqcf&progid=&eid=uffdfq00ayhuh4coh6cvhozq&popup=1&ehs=a_z9eucf Page 3 of 4 Evaluation Results 2/4/17, 3)50 PM 0=Unsatisfactory/Not present Meet Standard Competent The candidate does not provide in-text citations and references. The candidate provides only some intext citations and references. The candidate provides appropriate in-text citations and references with major deviations from APA style. Competent The candidate provides appropriate in-text citations and references with minor deviations from APA style. The candidate provides appropriate in-text citations and references with no readily detectable deviations from APA style. Criterion Score: 4.00 https://staffdev.taskstream.com/staff_dev/staff_dev/mentor/eval_re…ph5cqcf&progid=&eid=uffdfq00ayhuh4coh6cvhozq&popup=1&ehs=a_z9eucf Page 4 of 4 Running head: OBESITY IN TEXAS COMMUNITY Obesity in Texas Community Dona Robert 01/10/2017 1 OBESITY IN TEXAS COMMUNITY 2 In Texas, there are some challenges that face different communities especially health related issues. Therefore, the most common significant challenges in the communities include obesity, drug and substance abuse and maternal health. These are the most significant challenges that are highly inhibiting the ability of the Texas communities to reach the required health levels. Therefore, this paper will provide a significant understanding of obesity as the major source of health concern in Texas. These will include a significant understanding of important service facilities that play a huge role in the provision of health-related data and information. The growing prevalence of obesity amongst adults and children is a major public health challenge both nationally and internationally. Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of developing a range of other health problems such as coronary heart disease (CHD), type 2 diabetes, some cancers, and stroke and reduce life expectation. The concerns of obesity are not limited to the direct impact on health. Overweight and obesity also have adverse social consequences through perception, social exclusion and loss of or lower earnings, and adverse consequences on the wider economy through, for example, working days lost and increased benefit payments (Loue and Quill, 2013). Obesity is a common complex disorder that involves the presence of excessive amount of fat in the body. The rate at which obesity in children is rising faster to have caught the attention of health care professionals, childhood advocates and parents all over the world. Obese children have their weight above the normal average weight and are not proportional to their age and height Obesity in Texas Community Assignment. The incidences of obesity in children tend to increase with age. Boys are said to be obese if their body fat is way above thirty-two percent while girls are obese if their total body fat is more than twenty-five percent. OBESITY IN TEXAS COMMUNITY 3 Therefore, despite being a national health concern, childhood obesity is a growing problem in Texas. The national survey of Children’s health affirms that 32.2% of Texas children are overweight and obese which is significantly higher than the national average. This very serious issue is supposed to be effectively considered to ensure that there are better health relations among both children and adults in Texas. The increased prevalence of obesity among both children and adults in Texas is thus as a result of various factors, which include the most significant, being the lifestyle that is adopted by many individuals within Texas communities (Springer et.al, 2015.) Obesity is becoming a world crisis since in every country the number of individuals with obesity complications is greatly increasing every single year. The increased obesity population rates can be attributed mainly to poor eating habits and inadequate or lack of exercises that are supposed to keep the body energetic hence eliminating the extra fats that accumulate in the systems. Different countries are in advanced stages in fighting against this complication that is fast derailing the economic and social development of the first world countries all over the globe. Previously obesity was strictly termed as rich nation diseases, but it has since circulated to all individuals regardless of how or where they come from (Dooyema et.al, 2013). Different researches are being carried out with the main task of unfolding how obesity can be controlled at early stages since it usually develops during the ages of development when an individual is still very young. These researchers are majorly capped by favorable government policy that is put in place with the aim of combating the growth of obesity and also sensitizing citizens at large on how to lead a healthy lifestyle as well. The main method on how obesity can be controlled is by ensuring that children from an early age participate in physical exercises. By doing this, they can use the extra fat that tends to lie in the lower part of the heart bring many OBESITY IN TEXAS COMMUNITY 4 complications to patients. Most people with obesity disorder suffer from heart-related complications. This is due to the effect the extra oil and fats has on the human body. These researchers, therefore, focus on important data that is obtained from various service facilities within our communities. Foods with high amounts of fats and sugar and fewer vitamins is a contributor. This results in the presence of many accumulated fats in the body. The body tends to use a given rate of energy produced in the body, and the rest is just a waste if an individual has no ways by which the excess energy, it accumulates in the body and causes many discomforts to the individuals. Many of the food industries normally deal with already processed foodstuffs where many food additives. Also, because they are cheaper than the natural food that is more important to the body. This has led to the over-consumption of this diets which are unhealthy to individuals yet they go on to consume unknowingly (Ory et.al, 2013). Within my community, obesity is a significant health concern especially because individuals have adopted certain lifestyles that do not promote better nutritional levels among individuals. There are a significant number of facilities within the community that have significant information relating to obesity and its prevalence. They include the health department, department of human and social services, crisis childcare center, community center, American Red Cross and the emergency management director. The interaction with these service providers was able to provide significant information relating to common issues, prevalence and the best way obesity in the community can be successful controlled. All these organizations are concerned with the wellbeing of the community especially with health issues and ensuring that there is better engagement in health issues within the community. Thus, the target population of these service providers includes all OBESITY IN TEXAS COMMUNITY 5 community members since they are parties of interest. The wellbeing of the community members is a responsibility of this service provider organization and have significant information concerning obesity at different levels in the society (Hoelscher et.al, 2014). These organizations are found almost everywhere within the community, and thus it is much easier to know their presence. Most of these organizations work hand in hand with federal agencies, which in turn play a significant role in ensuring that there is better information, which can be considered in different cases. Thus, most of their advertisement strategy is mostly implemented by the national agencies. Most of these facilities are non-profit generating companies, which makes it easier to focus on quality data collection relating to different health concerns within the community. Barriers to effective service delivery always exist, and they can be found in different levels. Most family members are not putting into much consideration the importance of regular checkups, which create a very different environment thus making it very difficult for these service agencies to obtain any significant information relating to obesity. Obesity in Texas Community Assignment. This makes it difficult to have better information involving obesity prevalence within the community. These service facilities are easily accessible and operate free toll numbers, which are easily accessible all day long in case of emergency. This has been able to help many extreme obesity cases where community members develop significant health complications such as cardio- vascular disease due to excess fats around the heart area. Thus to improve the engagement between these facilities staff and the community member’s language has been a significant integral element providing better relations within the community. OBESITY IN TEXAS COMMUNITY 6 References Dooyema, C. A., Belay, B., Foltz, J. L., Williams, N., & Blanck, H. M. (2013). The childhood obesity research demonstration project: A comprehensive community approach to reduce childhood obesity. Childhood Obesity, 9 (5), 454-459. Hoelscher, D. M., Butte, N. F., & Barlow, S. (2014). A systems approach to childhood obesity prevention and treatment: The Texas Child Obesity Research Demonstration (TX CORD) project. Child Obes, 11, 71-91. Loue, S., & Quill, B. E. (Eds.). (2013). Handbook of rural health. Springer Science & Business Media. Ory, M. G., Nichols, D., Dickerson, J. B., Madsen, K. K., Dowdy, D. M., Menendez, T., & Hoelscher, D. M. (2013). Creating a tipping point: Texas obesity policy actions in review, 2000–2010. Progress in community health partnerships: research, education, and action, 7 (4), 419-427. Springer, A. E., Li, L., Ranjit, N., Delk, J., Mehta, K., & Kelder, S. H. (2015). School-level economic disadvantage and obesity in middle school children in central Texas, USA: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 12 (1), 1.Obesity in Texas Community Assignment.

Quantitative research that has health care implications

Third time I’m posting this paper (warming somewhat difficult task) so far it has conquered two tutors. I will attach some example papers. I do have the critique from the graders will post in private chat with tutor the format is correct but the content is not! I also attached the table the five areas are suppose to go in! I can only give one day since I have posted this paper so many times already. Quantitative research that has health care implications.

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A. Evaluate a primary 
quantitative
 research peer-reviewed journal article (
suggested length of 3–5 pages
) that has healthcare implications by doing the following:

1. Identify how the researcher addresses the 
five
 following areas of the selected journal article, using the attached “Evidence Table”:

• background or introduction

• review of the literature

• discussion of methodology

• data analysis

• researcher’s conclusion

2. Critique whether the evidence presented in 
each
section of the journal article supports the researcher’s conclusion. Quantitative research that has health care implications.

3. Explain the protection of human subjects and cultural considerations of the journal article.

4. Identify strengths and limitations of the study.

5. Describe how the evidence informs nursing practice.

B. Evaluate a primary 
qualitative
 research peer-reviewed journal article (
suggested length of 3–5 pages
) that has healthcare implications by doing the following:

1. Identify how the researcher addresses the 
five
 following areas of the selected journal article, using the attached “Evidence Table”:

• background or introduction

• review of the literature

• discussion of methodology

• data analysis

• researcher’s conclusion

2. Critique whether the evidence presented in 
each
 section of the journal article supports the researcher’s conclusion.

3. Explain the protection of human subjects and cultural considerations of the journal article.

4. Identify strengths and limitations of the study. Quantitative research that has health care implications.

5. Describe how the evidence informs nursing practice.

C. Acknowledge sources, using APA-formatted in-text citations and references, for content that is quoted, paraphrased, or summarized

Sources of Stress in Nursing Students: A Systematic Review of Quantitative Studies A1 Quantitative Article: Pulido-Martos, M., Augusto-Landa, J., & Lopez-Zafra, E. (2012). Sources of stress in nursing students: a systematic review of quantitative studies… [corrected] [Published erratum appears in INT NURS REV 2012 Jun; 59(2):289]. International Nursing Review, 59(1), 15-25 11p. doi:10.1111/j.1466-7657.2011.00939.x Background or Introduction This study planned to recognize the fundamental wellsprings of stress for understudies of nursing and the development of the stressors when preparing in nursing capabilities. Levels of stress are higher for health care experts than for different laborers. A higher number of stressors with negative wellbeing results are available, particularly among nursing experts. Stress is a psychosocial component that impacts the scholarly execution and prosperity of this gathering. The enthusiasm for breaking down wellsprings of stress in nursing understudies is because of the impact that their preparation period may have on their view of weight on their future work (Pulido-Martos, Augusto-Landa, & Lopez-Zafra, 2012, p. 15). Review of the Literature A precise audit of the experimental literature on stressors in nursing understudies were examined. Quantitative research that has health care implications. The inquiry involved all the articles distributed toward the end of 2010. The writers led a reading of titles and abstracts and settled on the choice to incorporate articles in the survey in light of the accompanying criteria: (i) the study included one or more instruments to gather data on anxiety variables among nursing understudies, (ii) the study included just nursing understudies or, if different examples were viewed as, the study gave data on nursing understudies independently, and (iii) the work included quantitative data on wellsprings of stress, barring those studies that lone reported a worldwide measure of stress. Articles were incorporated into the audit in the event that they met these three criteria. If there should arise an occurrence of disparities between the scientists, discourse gatherings bound together the decision. At long last, papers that construct their examination in light of a subjective elucidation of the data gathered (e.g. talk examination, discussion investigation) were rejected (Pulido-Martos, Augusto-Landa, & Lopez-Zafra, 2012, p. 16). Discussion of Methodology The most well-known wellsprings of stress identify with scholastics (audits, workload and issues connected with concentrating on, among others). Different wellsprings of anxiety incorporate clinical sources, (for example, apprehension of obscure circumstances, botches with patients or treatment of specialized hardware). When all is said in done, no progressions happen at the distinctive years of the understudy’s training (Pulido-Martos, Augusto-Landa, & Lopez-Zafra, 2012, p. 16). Data Analysis Eighty-six articles (out of 784) seemed to meet the destinations and criteria of this efficient modification on the premise of titles and abstracts. After the complete readings, 63 articles were disposed of. for one of the accompanying reasons: (i) tests were not only nursing understudies, and their outcomes were not isolated from different understudies, (ii) the outcomes just reported worldwide scores and not calculated scores, or( iii) although the abstract did not report a qualitative study, it turned out to be clear after reading the study that a qualitative technique was utilized. Subsequently, the final test was lessened to 23 studies (Pulido-Martos, Augusto-Landa, & Lopez-Zafra, 2012, p. 17). Researcher’s Conclusion Contrasting studies was difficult due with the methodological contrasts between them. In any case, the authors of the study amendment gives an ebb and flow best in class and expressive data that may be exceptionally helpful for future exploration. They bring up the significance of instructors and clinical facilitators to be delicate of these stressors and furnish understudies with successful adapting methodologies to manage the inescapable wellsprings of stress present amid nurse education and training. These techniques may prompt the lessening of negative mental side effects connected with view of stress. Future exploration ought to consider investigating papers that have utilized subjective techniques to contribute data to this work (Pulido-Martos, AugustoLanda, & Lopez-Zafra, 2012, p. 23). Quantitative research that has health care implications. Critique whether the evidence presented in each section of the journal article supports the researcher’s conclusion. According to the various sections presented in the journal article is appears that all sections support researchers conclusion. They broke down the specific target of every study. Besides that, they dissected the circumstance and stressors, considering the scholarly year the understudies are in. The survey incorporates cross-sectional studies with understudies from a solitary scholarly course, cross-sectional studies looking at different scholastic courses and longitudinal studies that incorporate the advancement of the wellsprings of anxiety for the same gathering crosswise over various scholastic courses. Another specific goal was to examine circumstances and stressors straightforwardly identified with the behavior of clinical practice as a feature of the preparation of students (Pulido-Martos, Augusto-Landa, & Lopez-Zafra, 2012, p. 20). Finally, given that some of the studies looked into analyze levels and wellsprings of anxiety in tests of understudies from various instructive frameworks, we recognize distinctively wellsprings of anxiety of the instructive framework. Explain the protection of human subjects and cultural considerations of the journal article. In a portion of the explored examines, most of the specimens were understudies enlisted under the new qualifications that have a more noteworthy scholarly load. In addition, they concentrated on sources of stress saw by understudies in the customary framework with those in the new framework; in the northeast of Scotland made this comparison and in Spain inspected the developments of the new instructive projects. Identify strengths and limitations of the study. There are numerous difficulties in contrasting studies. The organization of the specimen, the instrument utilized and the coding of reactions are among the variables that may block examination of the outcomes got in various studies. In addition, now and again, the outcomes allude to the measurements or components of the wellsprings of stress, and in different cases, the outcomes allude to the substance or specific things of these measurements. Quantitative research that has health care implications. Therefore, the authors reported the specific aftereffects of this efficient survey on the base of the accompanying criteria: (i) the examination targets, (ii) the investigation of stress isolated by scholastic courses, (iii) wellsprings of anxiety connected with clinical practice and (iv) wellsprings of stress as far as educational programs (Pulido-Martos, Augusto-Landa, & Lopez-Zafra, 2012, p. 17). Describe how the evidence informs nursing practice. The evidence informs the nursing practice that those in charge of the projects ought to consider the time spent by understudies on the proposed undertakings to maintain a strategic distance from work burden. Besides, elective types of appraisal past the securing of aptitudes for testing, for example, learning-focused evaluation, could lessen scholastic stress among understudies and the decrease of negative mental manifestations. B1 Qualitative Article: Greenslade, M. V., Elliott, Barbara,PhD., R.N., & Mandville-Anstey, S. (2010). Sameday breast cancer surgery: A qualitative study of women’s lived experiences. Oncology Nursing Forum, 37(2), E92-7. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/223115755?accountid=87314 Background or Introduction The purpose of the study was to try and comprehend the encounters of woman having same-day breast cancer surgery and make suggestions to help healthcare professionals impact change to upgrade the nature of care. It is relatively clear that breast cancer is a common disease among woman and this study projects that the length of stay for woman having breast cancer surgery can be eliminated to about 48 hours, as opposed to a week or more. The research suggest that if woman having same day breast cancer surgery may have better outcomes if they are properly educated when preparing for surgery. Review of the Literature Surveying the emotionally supportive networks of ladies with breast cancer ought to be a fundamental piece of nursing practice. Alongside having solid bolster systems, ladies recognized that reasoning decidedly, keeping occupied, and looking for wellbeing related data were adapting techniques that encouraged recuperation. Likewise observed that supports, for example, family, companions, and human services experts are basic for psychosocial conformity and successful adapting Discussion of Methodology This study was conceded from the Human Investigations Committee, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada. A purposive specimen of 13 ladies was selected from outpatient branches of two city hospitals on the east shore of Canada. Ladies going to the preadmission facilities preceding experiencing same-day breast cancer surgery were drawn closer by nursing staff and asked whether they would be occupied with taking an interest in the study. The individuals who agreed to partake were taken after to decide qualification. Members who stayed overnight were barred. A constructivist approach with inside and out interviews and relative examination to create and systemically compose information into four noteworthy interrelated subjects and an interfacing key thread (Greenslade, Elliott, & Mandville-Anstey, 2010, p. E93). Data Analysis The discoveries delivered four noteworthy interrelated subjects: planning, timing, supports, and community health nursing interventions. Inseparably laced inside every subject was a key string of the effect on adapting. The four subjects, and also the vital thread, are depicted in this segment with an interpretive methodology (Greenslade, Elliott, & Mandville-Anstey, 2010, p. E93). Researcher’s Conclusion Same-day surgery for breast cancer is not reasonable for each patient. Patients who are more established, have attending conditions, live an extensive separation from the clinic, or have different family obligations may not be reasonable hopefuls. Each woman with breast cancer ought to be evaluated independently to decide the way to deal with surgery. In this manner, the creators prescribe that a screening apparatus be produced to decide fitting appropriateness for same-day breast cancer surgery (Greenslade, Elliott, & Mandville-Anstey, 2010, p. E97). Quantitative research that has health care implications. This study permitted the scientists to pick up a superior comprehension of the encounters of ladies having same-day surgery for breast cancer. Critique whether the evidence presented in each section of the journal article supports the researcher’s conclusion. The evidence presented in each section of the journal article, to an extent, supported the researcher’s conclusion. Looking towards the review of literature, the assumptions made that a support system was relevant in woman who have same-day breast surgery served as a significant outcome of how woman need their support system in place from the time of diagnosis not just for same-day surgery. Explain the protection of human subjects and cultural considerations of the journal article. The study was based on interviews of 13 woman where data were gathered amid audiotaped, unstructured interviews, either by phone or in the members’ homes. Interviews were directed by and large eight weeks postoperatively and went in length from 45–60 minutes. Open-ended inquiries were utilized to invigorate dialog. Coding schemata were created, at first with a slender spotlight on points and after that assembled into more extensive classes. Subject marks were produced to mirror the expansive themes shared by members. Further investigation guaranteed methodical association of subjects, and a constructivist methodology was utilized to comprehend the mind boggling universe of lived experience from the perspective of the individuals who live it (Greenslade, Elliott, & Mandville-Anstey, 2010, p. E93). Identify strengths and limitations of the study. The one limitation shown within this study was the small sample size that was utilized. Having a small sample size does allow for the study to prove or disprove the theory being studied. One strength of the study was to willingness of the participant and how the researchers utilized various methods of conducting this study by mean of open-ended questions for the woman being interviewed. Describe how the evidence informs nursing practice. The evidence of this study helps to inform the nursing practice that with the proper education and a strong support system will allow for woman with breast cancer same-day surgery to be better equipped to deal with tier diagnosis as well as the means to recuperate after such an intensive type surgery. Helping these patients to prepare themselves for surgery and teaching them the various routes of preadmission is vital. In addition, timing is always of the essences. Furthermore, educating family and others of the patient with breast cancer proves to be an essential part of recovery for the patient. Not to mention, evidence on community health nursing intervention is also key for the nursing practice. It provides another outlet for patient to gain outside support if they are troublesome of receiving support from friends and family. Last but not least, evidence shows that teaching coping skills can better prepare patients as well as the nurse practice when helping same-day breast cancer surgery patients. Evidence Based Nursing and Research 1 Evidence Based Nursing and Research Nefertiti Aziz Western Governors University June 19, 2016 Evidence Based Nursing and Research 2 The experiences of black fathers concerning support for their wives/partners during labor: A Systematic Review of Quantitative Studies A1 Quantitative Article: Rosich-Medina, A., & Shetty, A. (2007). Paternal experiences of pregnancy and labour. British journal of midwifery, 15(2), 66. Background or Introduction The researchers present a purpose statement on the research topic with clarity and in an unambiguous manner. He acknowledges the difference that exists between fathers who witness their wives in labor and those who never had such an experience. The article identifies a scenario in illustration of the impact father’s presence to the mother during the delivery process. Finally, the author brings the reader into the knowledge of the research context, specifying that the research was done in an immediate context in particular labor wards of specific private and public provincial hospital (Rosich-Medina, 2007). Review of the Literature The author presents the literature review after the introduction of research methods. In the literature review, the author cites fifteen reviewed journal articles. On the theoretical base, the psychological influence of the father’s presence is examined. The evidence used in this part are dated 2007 to 2011. The evidence on the emotional impact on the mother by the father’s presence is dated 2008. The literature review on this journal gives a comprehensive basis for conducting the study. In so doing, relevant pieces of evidence are presented. In additional, the hypothesis and rationale for the study are present (RosichMedina, 2007). Quantitative research that has health care implications. Discussion of Methodology On the method section, the article outlines clearly how the research methods were designed. The study is contextual in nature, and phenomenological methods of data collection were used. The article also specifies the reason for the selection of private and provisional public hospitals. The researchers organized their research to form populations and samples fathers were divided into two groups of five where the first group included fathers from the private hospitals and had been present during labor. The second group had fathers from the provisional hospital and had not been present during labor. Tape recording devices were used in the gathering of the data during the interview of the two groups of samples after assuring them that their anonymity would be maintained (Rosich-Medina, 2007). Evidence Based Nursing and Research 2 Data Analysis The researchers collected data from a total of ten fathers, five who had their wives deliver in private hospitals in their presence and five who had their wives in provisional hospitals in their absence. Another interview followed the next day on of the mother’s post-partum period after suitable arrangements with respondents. Kerlinger’s methods of data analysis were used in the analysis of the data where the researcher and a qualified nursing researcher carried out an independent analysis of the transcript. Additionally, the researcher explains how they ensured credibility and trustworthiness of the data. Trustworthiness was observed during analysis by the use of the model of Lincoln and Guba Strydom. On the other hand, peer examination and member checking were used in the enhancement of credibility (Rosich-Medina, 2007). Researcher’s Conclusion The research reports the findings in a concise manner. A clear outline of both the positive and the negative results are clearly stated as found out found the research. Besides, the researcher brings to light that the study was based on a sample data from a larger population. The assumption of the research is that the findings of the investigation samples can be included to the larger community. However, the researcher has not limited further research on the topic (RosichMedina, 2007). 2. Critique whether the evidence presented in each section of the journal article supports the researcher’s conclusion. The evidence provided in different sections of the article supports the conclusions. For instance, the researcher makes a finding that the presence of the father during labor yielded positively by strengthening the bond between the mother, the child and the father. The conclusion can be supported by the data obtained on fathers who were present during labor of their wives through the feeling and experience they gained. Four out of five men helped their wives and expression they give shows that the bonds between them, the mother and the child were stronger for seeing all the pain that the mother had to go through (Rosich-Medina, 2007). Evidence Based Nursing and Research 3 Quantitative research that has health care implications. Explain the protection of human subjects and cultural considerations of the journal article. The journal article has evidence of protection of human rights and cultural considerations. The researchers conduct research on two groups of fathers with a total of ten samples. In the interview process, the interviewers are made aware that the interview is going to be recorded for further analysis. The right to the kind of interview and purpose of the interview does not breach the human rights. Additionally, the identity of the interviewees is kept anonymous. Cultural considerations are also observed because a sample of the interviewed black fathers who were not present during the labor of the mothers attributed that as a taboo. They explained that that would be a taboo. At least three out of five men claimed that their cultures could not allow them to witness their wives delivering although there was nothing wrong with that. Therefore, cultural considerations also reveal in the research (Rosich-Medina, 2007). 4. Identify strengths and limitations of the study. The results indicated high reliability on the information obtained because there was a negligible statistical difference on the results. The research also controlled the occurrence of errors by Quantitative research that has health care implications.

Anxiety Among School Children Discussion – Choose articles (peer reviewed and 4 years old ) that will answer answer this questions. Reference APA format.

My Title is: Anxiety Among School Children

Please attach pdf versions of articles used.

Level 1 Questions

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How do personal or family religious preferences affect on anxiety level at school?

Will cultural or sport activities reduce anxiety level among students?

Does spiritual education reflect on anxiety level during academic activities?

Level 2 Questions

How can cultural or spiritual activities effect on anxiety treatment?

Can cultural or lifestyle preference become a way of reducing anxiety and outcome to higher results on tests?

Will marijuana or smoking as a cultural preference become a legal treatment against anxiety at schools? Anxiety Among School Children Discussion

Strategic Human Resource Management Presentation

Review
 the strategic plan of your organization’s HR department.

Research 
professional Microsoft
®
 PowerPoint
®
 presentation design.

Create
 a professional 12- to 15-slide Microsoft
®
 PowerPoint
®
 presentation to present to your Chief Nursing Officer that details your research. Address the following areas in your presentation, including why each is important:

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Nurse retention rates for your organization

Various educational levels of nurses and a chart of your findings

Analysis of the employee satisfaction survey results and areas for improvement

What human resource management is

Plans to recruit specialty nurses

Why proactive action is important in the areas identified

Recommended interventions

Strategic Human Resource Management Presentation

Research
 at least 4 peer-reviewed journal articles less than 5 years old to support your assignment.

Include
 detailed speaker notes, and a slide with APA-formatted references.

Click
 the Assignment Files tab to submit your Strategic Human Resource Management Presentation assignment.

Grading Criteria: Strategic Human Resource Management Presentation

Content: 
9 points possible

Points possible

Points earned

Student accurately presents retention rates of nurses.

9

Student identified the different educational levels of the nurses.

Student analyses statistical satisfaction results and provide and listed areas for improvement.

Student describes organizations recruitment plans for specialty nurses.

Student provides at least two additional recommended evidence-based strategies to meet the human resource management goals of the organization.

Student used at least 4 peer-reviewed journal articles less than 5 years old.

Student provides detailed speaker notes.

Format: 
3 points possible

Points possible

Points earned

The presentation–including table and graphs, headings, title slide, and reference slide–is according to APA formatting guidelines and meets course-level requirements.

3

Presentation is 12 to 15 Strategic Human Resource Management Presentation slides.

Presentation is professional and has a scholarly tone.

Intellectual property is recognized with in-text citations and a reference page.

Presentation is organized and flows well; including an introduction and conclusion.

Follows the professional Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation design.

Rules of grammar, usage, and punctuation are followed; spelling is correct.

Total

12

Comments:

Essential Academic Writing Skills (Driverless Vehicles: A Vision for Singapore Transport​)

 Please bid for this assignment only if you can adhere to the following:

1. Stick to the given deadline, no extension will be given.

2. Send us the assignment when 50% is done and 100% done, this is for us to track your progress.

3. Be responsive 
(if you are sleeping, we can understand).

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4. No copy and pasting work, do not plagiarise. We use the Turnitin system to check for plagiarism, we do not recognise the StudyPool plagiarism checking tool. Essential Academic Writing Skills (Driverless Vehicles: A Vision for Singapore Transport​).

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references used must tally with content written)

Title of Assignment:

Essential Academic Writing Skills 
(Driverless Vehicles: A Vision for Singapore’s Transport
)

General Assignment Information:

Number of Words: 750

Number of References: 5

Referencing Style: APA

Deadline: 25 hours

Education Level: Degree

Please refer to attached document for 
FULL INSTRUCTIONS
.

Please 
read everything 
before bidding. Essential Academic Writing Skills (Driverless Vehicles: A Vision for Singapore Transport​)

COR160 Essential Academic Writing Skills Tutor-Marked Assignment 01 January 2018 Presentation COR160 Tutor-Marked Assignment TUTOR-MARKED ASSIGNMENT 01 This tutor-marked assignment is worth 45% of the final mark for COR160 Essential Academic Writing Skills. The cut-off date for this assignment is 2355hrs on 09 February 2018. ___________________________________________________________________________ Submit your solution document in the form of a single MS Word file on or before the cut-off date shown above. Additional instructions: 1. You will need to indicate clearly on the front page your name, student ID, course title and assignment number. Note also the following:  Spacing (between the lines): 1.5 or double spacing  Font style: Arial or Times New Roman preferred  Font size: 12 preferred (min 11 and max 13) 2. Essential Academic Writing Skills (Driverless Vehicles: A Vision for Singapore Transport​). Summarise using your own words as much as possible. You must document all information that you use from another source, or you will be penalized severely. You must acknowledge these by using the APA documentation style. This includes both in-text citations and end-of-text referencing. 3. If you copy from the work of another student, regardless of the course or programme, you will be severely penalized. You are not permitted to re-use material from past assignments whether in part or in full. All of the above actions can result in your failing the TMA. *Remember that accurate and proper documentation of information from secondary sources is essential because SUSS takes a very serious view on plagiarism. All information from secondary sources will be detected by the Turnitin software that your assignment will be put through in Canvas and anything that is not acknowledged and properly documented will be taken as an instance of plagiarism and your assignment may be failed. Scope You will find Chapters 3 (Critical Reading), 7 (Summary, Paraphrase, Quotation), 8a (Synthesizing), 8b (Synthesizing Sources) and 9 (Locating, Mining and Citing Sources) in your COR160 textbook useful. Refer also to the relevant on-line study units. SINGAPORE UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (SUSS) Page 2 of 11 COR160 Tutor-Marked Assignment Learning outcomes  Cite sources in writing using the proper citation and referencing style.  Evaluate information critically from various sources to respond to a task.  Synthesise information from various sources in writing in response to a given task.  Develop a rhetorical structure of an essay. Question 1 Driverless vehicles: A vision for Singapore’s transport Imagine being able to get where you want to go, whenever you want, without the stress of driving. Imagine a neighbourhood with green and open spaces, with roads that are safe. The future of Singapore’s transport system could bring greater mobility for the elderly and the disabled. The enabling technology? Driverless vehicles. Exciting times Autonomous Vehicle (AV) technology is now coming into its own. Automakers have shifted their driverless vehicle research and development into top gear. Cities are racing to set up their regulatory and liability frameworks to facilitate the deployment of AVs. AV promises a more efficient transportation solution and lower environmental footprint by optimising road usage. In Singapore, the North-East and Downtown MRT lines, and LRT already use driverless technology to improve the punctuality of our mass transport and overcome our manpower constraints. AV-enabled mobility could be a central feature in our future town-planning, enabling commuters to get around effortlessly by offering first- and last-mile connectivity within neighbourhoods. The sharing of autonomous vehicles will reduce the number of vehicles on the roads, thereby increasing convenience to commuters. Charting new territory To this end, the Committee on Autonomous Road Transport for Singapore (CARTS) has been set up to chart the strategic direction for AV-enabled land mobility concepts in Singapore. Its members include renowned international experts, academics and industry representatives. Essential Academic Writing Skills (Driverless Vehicles: A Vision for Singapore Transport​). SINGAPORE UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (SUSS) Page 3 of 11 COR160 Tutor-Marked Assignment To support the visioning work of CARTS, LTA signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Singapore’s lead R&D agency, A*STAR, to set up the Singapore Autonomous Vehicle Initiative (SAVI), which will explore the technological possibilities that AVs can create for Singapore. Vision into reality Progress has been swift, with several AV research and development trials already underway. The public can try out the driverless buggies in the Jurong Lake District and the NUS campus; or the autonomous shuttle bus running from the NTU campus to Cleantech Park. On 1 January 2015, One-North will host the first public road network for the testing of driverless vehicles. Connecting Biopolis, Fusionopolis and Mediapolis, the test course comprises both light and heavy traffic routes, under real traffic conditions. A peek into the future 10 to 15 years down the road, an AV might take your children to school, before bringing you to work. Rather than being left unused at the carpark, it could then be routed to drop your parents off at the market. Such an automated system could enable car-sharing in a wider sense, with a potential to reduce passenger vehicles to a third of current numbers, according to a 2011 MIT study in Singapore. Even freight transport can be transformed. As a major air and shipping hub, Singapore has much to gain from developments in this area. With automated transport, we could be less reliant on manpower, and see improvements in safety and productivity. Optimised routes and schedules will boost performance and help keep our country at the top of the trade. A “Smart Nation” Efficient, environmentally friendly, time-saving and stress free, AVs could transform our lifestyles. Given the new challenges our city-state faces with a growing population and limited land area, a combination of new technology, new business models and forward-thinking regulation is needed to meet our needs. And AVs will play their part in this.  Adapted from Ministry of Transport website: Essential Academic Writing Skills (Driverless Vehicles: A Vision for Singapore Transport​).https://www.mot.gov.sg/TransportMatters/Motoring/Driverless-vehicles–A-vision-for-Singapore-s-transport/ There has been much discussion in the media with regard to the recent move by the Singapore government to introduce driverless vehicles on Singapore roads. Many issues in SINGAPORE UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (SUSS) Page 4 of 11 COR160 Tutor-Marked Assignment relation to the implementation of such vehicles have been debated in the discussions. The two articles provided below reflect some of the sentiments regarding this issue. In about 750 words, write a synthesis essay on the factors that must be taken into consideration in implementing driverless vehicles on Singapore roads. You must formulate a thesis about this issue and provide evidence that will support your thesis. The thesis for this TMA01 is a viewpoint that does not have to be persuasive – that is, it is the conclusion you arrive at based on summarising and synthesising the information you researched on this topic. Relevant information for you to gather would be:  Issues (safety or ethical or legal or economic or etc.) surrounding driverless vehicles  Evidence for driverless vehicles  Evidence against driverless vehicles  Improvements to existing efforts to introduce driverless vehicles (100 marks) Guidance Notes 1. Use process writing to develop a rhetorical structure for your essay. 2. Strengthen your thesis with relevant examples and illustrations. 3. You may include any additional but relevant information to the ideas that have already been given in the scenario and articles. 4. You should use at least 5 research sources to help you write your essay. The given articles are considered as a separate research source each and can count towards the 5 research sources. Synthesise information from these various sources in your writing. 5. You are to use credible and reliable sources to help you write this essay. Evaluate information critically from various sources in your response. Marks will be deducted for non-credible and unreliable content. 6. Remember to use accurate grammar, correct sentence structures and a tone appropriate to academic writing. Cite sources in your writing using the proper citation and referencing style. Marks will be deducted for poor English. SINGAPORE UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (SUSS) Page 5 of 11 COR160 Tutor-Marked Assignment Article 1: Driverless cars picking up speed in Singapore LAST UPDATED 03 NOVEMBER 2017 Challenges remain, but Singapore is pushing ahead with efforts to be a leading player in autonomous transport. By Annabelle Liang Last August, tech start-up nuTonomy became the world’s first company to offer inviteonly driverless taxi rides here in Singapore. The MIT spin-off company followed this landmark achievement a month later by announcing a partnership with ride-hailing company Grab that aims to make driverless rides available to the wider public. Driverless vehicles operated by nuTonomy have been travelling around a designated circuit within the one-north district since 2015, as part of an autonomous vehicle (AV) trial. The circuit has almost doubled in length to some 12km since the start of the trial. The high-profile initiative is just one of Singapore’s many efforts to use artificial intelligence (AI) in the transport sector. Essential Academic Writing Skills (Driverless Vehicles: A Vision for Singapore Transport​). Last year, the Government unveiled plans to introduce such technology to mass transport services for intra- and inter-town travel, on-demand shuttle services, freight transport, and utility operations such as road sweeping. This rising buzz of activity reflects Singapore’s efforts to become one of the leading players in a global shift towards autonomous transport. Benefits for society Novelty aside, the emergence of autonomous vehicles will result in a host of benefits for the country, beyond just the financial. These range from greater fuel efficiency and reduced road congestion to helping relieve demands on labour and land. “Autonomous vehicles are fast on its[sic] way to becoming a reality on our roads…They can enhance the efficiency and convenience of our land transportation system. Thus, it is SINGAPORE UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (SUSS) Page 6 of 11 COR160 Tutor-Marked Assignment important that we do not impede their growth as some cities have done,” said Singapore’s Second Minister for Transport Ng Chee Meng in Parliament in February this year. More significantly, experts believe that AV could also save lives by reducing the number of accidents on the road. A study by US-based non-profit Eno Centre for Transportation showed that if 90 per cent of the cars on American roads were driverless, the number of accidents would fall from 5.5 million to 1.3 million a year, and road deaths from 32,400 to 11,300. As driverless vehicles are designed to optimise efficiency, they would also boost fuel efficiency and, as a result, reduce carbon emissions. Essential Academic Writing Skills (Driverless Vehicles: A Vision for Singapore Transport​). A study by consultants McKinsey estimated that the adoption of autonomous cars could reduce CO2 emissions by as much as 300 million tons per year. Meanwhile, the elderly and disabled persons, such as the blind[,] may finally have a chance to “drive” independently with an autonomous vehicle, improving their quality of life significantly. A tricky road ahead? Despite the enormous potential of autonomous transport, there are still issues to be sorted out. On the ethical front, some have questioned who would be liable in an accident involving a vehicle with no driver. And while regulations around the world have focused on physical safety, far less has been said on the issues of privacy and cybersecurity. Autonomous vehicles require constant real-time communications between their users and the environment around them. The data collected in this process can include personal details such as location and driving habits that are valuable to marketers. Even now, certain cars feature advanced sensors that can determine if a child is on board. Such data can be used by retailers to push kid-friendly offers to the parents who are in the vicinity, for instance. Meanwhile, research has shown that vehicle controls are potentially vulnerable to hacks if there are inadequate security measures in place. “We are a long way from securing the non-autonomous vehicles, let alone the autonomous SINGAPORE UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (SUSS) Page 7 of 11 COR160 Tutor-Marked Assignment ones,” said Stefan Savage, computer science professor at the University of California-San Diego, in MIT Technology Review last year. A Global Race Singapore is jostling with other countries to take the lead in the AV space, with at least 25 companies in the race. Google has been running trials in Texas and California, even as fellow tech giant Uber acquired self-driving trucking company Otto in August. Closer to home, Japanese car maker Nissan has been testing a prototype AV since 2013, while the Korean government granted a temporary license plate to its first driverless car, a Hyundai Genesis, in March 2016. Despite the progress, Minister Ng reckons that it could take 10 to 15 years for the technology to be widely deployed here Essential Academic Writing Skills (Driverless Vehicles: A Vision for Singapore Transport​). “As AV technology is not yet mature, during trials, accidents are not to be unexpected. LTA will, therefore, put in place a robust regulatory framework to minimise the possibility of accidents,” he said at a press conference in February this year, according to Channel NewsAsia. Progressively, he added, the government will put in place programmes to help Singaporeans who drive for a living, acquire new skills, and take on higher value-added jobs in an AV world. Source Link: https://www.imda.gov.sg/infocomm-and-media-news/whatstrending/2017/2/driverless-cars-picking-up-speed-in-singapore SINGAPORE UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (SUSS) Page 8 of 11 COR160 Tutor-Marked Assignment Article 2: Can driverless cars survive Singaporean road users? Jeremy Au Yong Deputy News Editor PUBLISHED NOV 26, 2017, 5:00 AM SGT Human drivers cutting into their lane may be the least of multiple hazards faced by such AI cars As the country careens towards the reality of driverless cars on the roads, it is time we discuss an important ethics question that has been ignored for too long: Will robot drivers survive contact with Singaporean road users? This past week, the Government unveiled plans for robot buses to operate in three towns by 2022. That means, in just about four years, we are going to have cold, calculating robot drivers sharing our roads with human Singaporeans. The mere thought of it gives me grave concern Essential Academic Writing Skills (Driverless Vehicles: A Vision for Singapore Transport​)… for the robots. Now I know some people might think that I’m some kind of weird robot lover who has things the wrong way around. “Shouldn’t you be more worried about robots on our roads with the potential to kill us,” you are no doubt saying. And indeed, if one were to Google ‘driverless vehicles,’ one would find many articles where the primary concern is how these machines are going to deal with ethical problems. One famous example frequently brought up involves a modern-day version of the thought experiment known as the trolley problem. Imagine one day you are in a driverless vehicle going along your merry way when the brakes suddenly malfunction. You and the car are now heading straight for a group of school children crossing the street. The car could swerve to miss them but it would then plunge off a cliff, invariably killing you. The scenario throws up numerous difficult questions. How should the car solve this problem? Would it be able to make the same moral calculations that a human can? And could we ever be satisfied with either solution given that a machine has made a decision SINGAPORE UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (SUSS) Page 9 of 11 COR160 Tutor-Marked Assignment about who should live and who should die? These are important philosophical problems that I’m sure will ultimately require several billions dollars [in] legal fees to resolve. But I find myself not entirely absorbed by them. For one thing, I believe instances where a machine would have to make this kind of decision will be incredibly rare – so much so that I think the number of lives lost in this manner would be infinitesimal compared to the number of lives saved by drivers that never get drunk, never fall asleep, always stick to their lanes, always observe the speed limit, do not check WhatsApp messages while driving and would never decide it’s a good idea to eat durians in the car while chucking the husk and seed out of the window (true story). However, I believe we may never get to the point where driverless cars can have this sort of positive impact if they are allowed to operate under real-world, everyday Singaporean road conditions. We have to go from zero to 100 per cent driverless vehicles at once or I fear the project will be snuffed out before it has had a chance to work. Why do I say that? I mean, ask any driver/pedestrian/cyclist and they’ll tell you: Road users here can be real %!#@$. Mix robot drivers with humans and there will be only two possible outcomes: 1) Passengers in driverless cars take forever to get anywhere. 2) Driverless cars become some of the most competitive, hyper-aggressive robots known to man – possibly heralding the dawn of the robot apocalypse. Let’s start with the first possibility. Given my understanding of how driverless cars are programmed, they will be the most polite, rule-observing, obliging cars on the road. The rest of human road users would thus instantly detect this weakness and exploit it. A passenger hoping to ride a driverless car to work during rush hour would find his ride being constantly cut off by human drivers who fail to signal. The driverless vehicle will end up immobilised in the middle of the PIE, unable to move forward because its human cousins are always cutting into its lane. And it can’t change lanes because human drivers consider giving way the equivalent of getting an involuntary lobotomy. Essential Academic Writing Skills (Driverless Vehicles: A Vision for Singapore Transport​). Going driverless: The future of Singapore’s transport system And these are just your more run-of-the-mill Singaporean road users. God knows how the driverless car will deal with that guy who reverses into you and then accuses you of driving into him; or that guy who does not understand the concept of a yellow box and insists on stopping in it even if it means blocking traffic. SINGAPORE UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (SUSS) Page 10 of 11 COR160 Tutor-Marked Assignment What about that guy who rides an e-scooter on the expressway believing it’s a motorbike; or that guy who rides his $10,000 racing bicycle in the middle of the road because he believes that his legs can propel him at the same speed as a two-litre turbo engine. Then there is that pedestrian who leaps on the car hood feigning injury in the hopes of getting some kind of payout; that guy who plays the braking game; and whatever other genius way of using the road somebody will eventually come up with. I am sure any driverless car will malfunction within minutes of exposure to real Singapore road conditions. Of course, they don’t have to be programmed this way. They are, after all, artificially intelligent machines that can learn and adapt over time. That’s where I fear the second scenario – one where driverless cars essentially learn how to drive on Singapore roads. These robots will then be able to anticipate, counteract and beat road users at their own game. The Singaporean driverless car, would become – in essence – an uber kiasu driver (as opposed to a kiasu Uber driver). Imagine having to confront an army of focused, tireless, unrelenting Singaporean drivers. There will be only one way to stop them: ERP. —– END OF COR160 TMA01 —– SINGAPORE UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (SUSS) Page 11 of 11 Essential Academic Writing Skills (Driverless Vehicles: A Vision for Singapore Transport​)

Correlation does not imply causation – Weighing the Evidence Assignment

You may be familiar with the phrase, “Correlation does not imply causation.” For example, consider the following statistics:

99.7% of the people involved in air and auto accidents ate pickles within 14 days preceding the accident.

More than 90% of violent crimes are committed within 24 hours of eating bread.

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As the number of churches in an area increase, so does the rate of crime.

Obviously there is a faulty correlational link established in each case. This is an extremely significant concept to keep in mind when it comes to weighing the evidence in scholarly research. After researchers collect data and analyze it using the appropriate statistical tests and analyses, they must formulate interpretations about what the data, statistics, and analyses indicate. As a nurse engaged in evidence-based practice, it is important to understand how researchers generate conclusions so that you can recognize sound and unsound interpretations of data as you peruse the literature. Correlation does not imply causation – Weighing the Evidence Assignment.

This week, you examine how researchers have reached their conclusions based on their data and analyze if their claims are valid.

Weighing the Evidence Assignment References:

Anonymous. (1966). Pickles and humbug: A bit of comparative logic. The Journal of Irreproducible Results, 15(1), 18. Retrieved from 
http://www.jir.com/pickles.html

Reference:

Mikkelson, D., & Mikkelson B. (2006). Snopes.com: The dangers of bread. Retrieved from 
http://www.snopes.com/food/warnings/bread.asp

Reference:

University of Michigan. (n.d.). Power in numbers: Mastering the math you think you know. Retrieved from 
http://www.umich.edu/~numbers/statistics/statistic…

Correlation does not imply causation – Weighing the Evidence Assignment Learning Objectives

Students will:

Evaluate the conclusions of a research study

Analyze areas for additional research on a specific research question

Develop a cohesive, evidence-based practice to address a specific PICOT question

Photo Credit: [alvarez]/[Vetta]/Getty Images

Learning Resources

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus. Correlation does not imply causation – Weighing the Evidence Assignment.

Required Readings

Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

Review Chapter 2, Fig. 2.1

Chapter 29, “Systematic Reviews of Research Evidence: Meta-analysis, Metasynthesis, and Mixed Studies Review”
This chapter focuses on the different types of systematic reviews. The chapter discusses the advantages of this type of analysis and the steps for conducting a meta-analysis or metasynthesis. Correlation does not imply causation – Weighing the Evidence Assignment.

Dingle, P. (2011). Statin statistics: Lies and deception. Positive Health, 180, 1.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

In this article, the author outlines how misleading statistics are used to make false claims about the positive use of statin drugs in order to retain a market share of sales for pharmaceutical firms.

Katapodi, M. C., & Northouse, L. L. (2011). Comparative effectiveness research: Using systematic reviews and meta-analyses to synthesize empirical evidence. Research & Theory for Nursing Practice, 25(3), 191–209.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases. Correlation does not imply causation – Weighing the Evidence Assignment.

The authors of this article assert that more comparative effectiveness research (CER) is necessary to accommodate the elevated demand for evidence-based health care practices. The article supplies a summary of methodological issues relevant to systematic reviews and meta-analyses used in the process of CER.

Stichler, J. F. (2010). Evaluating the evidence in evidence-based design. Journal of Nursing Administration, 40(9), 348–351.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

The quality of evidence used in EBP can vary considerably. This article highlights the necessity of critically appraising facility design research articles and using a hierarchical model to rate the strength of evidence. Correlation does not imply causation – Weighing the Evidence Assignment.

Bernd, R., du Prel, J.-B., & Blettner, M. (2009). Study design in medical research: Part 2 of a series on the evaluation of scientific publications. Deutsches Aerzteblatt International, 106(11), 184–189. Retrieved from 
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC269537…

This article provides guidance in evaluating the study design of scientific publications for reliability and credibility. The authors suggest that the most important elements to consider are the question to be answered, the study population, the unit of analysis, the type of study, the measuring technique, and the calculation of sample size.

Walden University. (n.d.a). Paper templates. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from 
http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/57.htm

This website provides you access to the School of Nursing Sample Paper, which will serve as a template for formatting your papers.

Weighing the Evidence Assignment Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2012g). Hierarchy of evidence pyramid. Baltimore, MD: Author.

This multimedia piece explains the hierarchy of evidence pyramid. The piece offers definitions and key information for each level of the pyramid.

Laureate Education (Producer). (2012n). Weighing the evidence. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 6 minutes.

In this video, Dr. Kristen Mauk provides insight about how she analyzed her data and interpreted meanings of what the data showed. She describes how she drew conclusions based on the results and how she explained unexpected findings that were contrary to her initial hypotheses.

Weighing the Evidence Assignment

When conducting original research, the final step researchers must complete is weighing the evidence and interpreting the meanings of their data, statistics, and analyses. This is the culmination of the research process in which all of the research methods and designs can be synthesized into a meaningful conclusion. In this stage, researchers should formulate explanations for what their data indicates, determine whether the data answers their initial research question, identify areas of uncertainty, and consider directions for further research. Correlation does not imply causation – Weighing the Evidence Assignment.

In this Discussion, you focus on one of the research articles that you identified for Part 2 of the Course Project (Literature Review). You then explore the process of how the researchers generated conclusions based on their data, consider other possible interpretations of their data, and formulate ideas for further research.

To prepare for Weighing the Evidence Assignment:

Review this week’s Learning Resources, focusing on how researchers find meaning in their data and generate sound conclusions. Pay particular attention to Table 2 in the article, “Study Design in Medical Research.”

Revisit the 5 articles that you identified in Part 2 of the Course Project. Select one to consider for the purpose of this Discussion. Correlation does not imply causation – Weighing the Evidence Assignment.

Read sections of the chosen article where the data is presented, analyzed, and interpreted for meaning. What reasoning process did the researchers use to formulate their conclusions? What explanation did they give to support their conclusions? Were there any weaknesses in their analysis or conclusions?

Consider possible alternate conclusions that the researchers could have drawn based on their data.

Examine the findings that the article presents and consider how well they addressed the researcher’s initial question(s). What additional research could be done to build on these findings and gain a fuller understanding of the question? Correlation does not imply causation – Weighing the Evidence Assignment.

Assignment 1

WRITE an APA citation and brief summary of the research article that you selected. Describe the data and the results of any statistical tests or analyses presented in the article. Explain how the researchers formulated their conclusion, any weaknesses in their analysis or conclusions, and offer at least one alternate interpretation of their data. Propose at least one additional research study that could be done to further investigate this research topic.

Assignment 2: Course Project

Submit your Course Project. Reminder: You will combine Parts 1, 2, and 3 of your Course Project (assigned in Weeks 2, 4, and 8 respectively) into one cohesive and cogent paper. Note: In addition, include a 1-page summary of your project. Correlation does not imply causation – Weighing the Evidence Assignment.

For this final iteration you will need to:

Submit your paper to Grammarly and SafeAssign through the Walden Writing Center. Based on then Grammarly and SafeAssign reports, revise your paper as necessary.

Reminder: The School of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. Correlation does not imply causation – Weighing the Evidence Assignment.

Assignment 2: Health Profession Assignment

Identify at least one alternate health profession, such as PA-C, and a related professional organization, such as the American Academy of Physician Assistants.

Prepare a PowerPoint presentation that answers the following:

What is your interest in this profession?

What are your goals regarding this profession? Describe the plans you have made towards this goal in the past year.

What is the growth trend for this profession, especially as there is a continuing shortage of medical professionals in the U.S.?

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In addition, your presentation should address the following:

What was Florence Nightingale’s role in establishing nursing as a formal occupation?

Compare and contrast the types of nursing programs described in Cockerham (2007) to the available nursing programs listed on the All Nursing Schools Web site. Health Profession Assignment.

Write additional information in the Notes section of the PowerPoint presentation.

Name your presentation: 
SUO_HSC2010_W4_A2_LastName_FirstInitial.doc
.

Submit your presentation to the 
W4: Assignment 2 Dropbox
 by 
Week 4, Day 6
.

Cite your sources using the correct APA format on a separate page. Health Profession Assignment.

Nursing Administration, Education, or Nurse Practitioner area of focus

Module 1: Introduction and Identify Focus of Interest (Why) Assignment

Submit by 2359 CST Saturday of Module 1.

Name:

Date:

Overview: Capstone Project – Outcomes and Content

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In this assignment, you will identify and introduce your area of focus: Nursing Administration, Education, or Nurse Practitioner.  After reviewing the articles for a particular issue you will introduce this issue and explain why this is important to you. Complete this provided template. Assignment due by 2359 CST Saturday of Module 1 to blackboard.  Please refer to syllabus for late submission penalties. Nursing Administration, Education, or Nurse Practitioner area of focus. Your final Capstone Project will be an actual presentation that is presented to your co-workers, patients, etc.  Please prepare early where and when you would like to present.

Module 1: Introduction and Identify Focus of Interest (Why) Assignment Objectives

Identify interest and strengths.

Select one of the 3 focus areas for Capstone Project

Module 1: Introduction and Identify Focus of Interest (Why) Assignment Rubric

Use this rubric to guide your work on the Week 2 assignment.

NOTE: 
All assignments and discussion posts are expected to be completed on time.

Tasks

Target

Acceptable

Unacceptable

Introduction of Focused Area: Nursing Administration, Education, or Nurse Practitioner

Clear statement of focused area of Nursing: Administration, Education, or Nurse Practitioner(40 points)

General statement of focused area of Nursing: Administration, Education, or Nurse Practitioner(20 point)

No clear statement of focused area of Nursing: Administration, Education, or Nurse Practitioner(0 points)

Introduction of Capstone project.  Identify area of interest and why it is important.

Clear introduction of Capstone project with identified area of interest and strengths and why important.(60 points)

General statement of introduction of Capstone project with area of interest and why important.  Missing identified area of interest or why important.(30 point)

Insufficient introduction of Capstone project, identified area, or why important.(0 points)

 

Module 1: Introduction and Identify Focus of Interest (Why) Assignment

Introduction of Focused Area: Nursing Administration, Education, or Nurse Practitioner.

 
Introduction of Capstone Project. Identification of area of Interest and Strengths and why important. Nursing Administration, Education, or Nurse Practitioner area of focus.

AACN Essentials Self-Assessment and Patient-Centered Care

Assignment: AACN Essentials Self-Assessment and Patient-Centered Care

Question Description

Locate and complete the Self-Assessment of the AACN Essentials located in Course Resources. Follow the directions on the form. Note your total score. Next, review the article cited below:

Kramer, M., Schmalenberg, C., Maguire, P., Brewer, B., Burke, R., Chmielewski, L., … Meeks-Sjostrom, D. (2009). Walk the talk: Promoting control of nursing practice and a patient-centered culture. 
Critical Care Nurse, 29
(3), 77–93. The link to the article may be found in the Syllabus, or the Week 2 Assignments page. AACN Essentials Self-Assessment and Patient-Centered Care.

Answer the following:

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If you are willing, please share your total score on the AACN Essentials Self-Assessment

Candidly identify and share with your classmates areas where knowledge, skills or abilities (KSAs) are lacking?

Describe the relationship between the Essentials and your new-found knowledge about Patient Centered Care. Are there opportunities for your improvement? SHORT ANSWER QUESTION ABOUT 350 words.

My score on this assessment is 45. Assignment: AACN Essentials Self-Assessment and Patient-Centered Care

Chamberlain college-of-nursing nr 447 week 2 discussion aacn essentials self assessment and patient centered care new

1. Chamberlain-College-Of-Nursing NR 447 Week 2 DiscussionAACN Essentials Self Assessment and Patient Centered Care NEW Check this A+ tutorial guideline at http://www.assignmentcloud.com/nr-447-chamberlain- college-of-nursing/nr-447-week-2-discussionaacn- essentials-self-assessment-and-patient-centered-care-new For more classes visit http://www.assignmentcloud.com AACN Essentials Self-Assessment and Patient-Centered Care Locate and complete the Self-Assessment of the AACN Essentials located in Doc Sharing (Week 2). Follow the directions on the form. Note your total score. Next, review the article cited below: Kramer, M., Schmalenberg, C., Maguire, P., Brewer, B., Burke, R., Chmielewski, L., … Meeks-Sjostrom, D. (2009). Walk the talk: Promoting control of nursing practice and a patient-centered culture. Critical Care Nurse, 29(3), 77–93. Click to link. Answer the following: If you are willing, please share your total score on the AACN Essentials Self-Assessment Candidly identify and share with your classmates areas where knowledge, skills or abilities (KSAs) are lacking? Describe the relationship between the Essentials and your new-found knowledge about Patient Centered Care. Are there opportunities for your improvement? AACN Essentials Self-Assessment and Patient-Centered Care.