Author: admin

NURS 6050 wk Assignment: Advocating for the Nursing Role in Program Design and Implementation

Assignment: Advocating for the Nursing Role in Program Design and Implementation

As their names imply, the honeyguide bird and the honey badger both share an affinity for honey. Honeyguide birds specialize in finding beehives but struggle to access the honey within. Honey badgers are well-equipped to raid beehives but cannot always find them. However, these two honey-loving species have learned to collaborate on an effective means to meet their objectives. The honeyguide bird guides honey badgers to newly discovered hives. Once the honey badger has ransacked the hive, the honey guide bird safely enters to enjoy the leftover honey.

BUY A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

Much like honeyguide birds and honey badgers, nurses and health professionals from other specialty areas can—and should—collaborate to design effective programs. Nurses bring specialties to the table that makes them natural partners to professionals with different specialties. When nurses take the requisite leadership in becoming involved throughout the healthcare system, these partnerships can better design and deliver highly effective programs that meet objectives. NURS 6050 wk Assignment: Advocating for the Nursing Role in Program Design and Implementation.

 

In this Assignment, you will practice this type of leadership by advocating for a healthcare program. Equally as important, you will advocate for a collaborative role of the nurse in the design and implementation of this program. To do this, assume you are preparing to be interviewed by a professional organization/publication regarding your thoughts on the role of the nurse in the design and implementation of new healthcare programs.

 

To Prepare:

Review the Resources and reflect on your thinking regarding the role of the nurse in the design and implementation of new healthcare programs.

Select a healthcare program within your practice and consider the design and implementation of this program.

Reflect on advocacy efforts and the role of the nurse in relation to healthcare program design and implementation. NURS 6050 wk Assignment: Advocating for the Nursing Role in Program Design and Implementation.

 

The
Assignment
: (2–3 pages)

 

In a 2- to 3-page paper, create an interview transcript of your responses to the following interview questions:

Tell us about a healthcare program, within your practice. What are the costs and projected outcomes of this program?

Who is your target population?

What is the role of the nurse in providing input for the design of this healthcare program? Can you provide examples? NURS 6050 wk Assignment: Advocating for the Nursing Role in Program Design and Implementation.

What is your role as an advocate for your target population for this healthcare program? Do you have input into design decisions? How else do you impact design?

What is the role of the nurse in healthcare program implementation? How does this role vary between design and implementation of healthcare programs? Can you provide examples?

Who are the members of a healthcare team that you believe are most needed to implement a program? Can you explain why? NURS 6050 wk Assignment: Advocating for the Nursing Role in Program Design and Implementation.

NURS 6050 Developing Health Advocacy – Stroke Essay

Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health

NURS-6050N

 

Developing Health Advocacy

 
Stroke

Surprisingly, stroke is a top five leading cause of death and disability in the United States.  “Stroke kills almost 130,000 of the 800,000 Americans who die of cardiovascular disease each year – that’s 1 in every 19 deaths from all causes” (Centers for Disease Control, 2016, p.1)   According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), stroke was the “fourth leading cause of death in the United States, and stroke was a leading cause of long-term disabilities” (“Prevalence of Stroke,” 2012, p. 1)  MMWR also noted, that “care for stroke survivors cost an estimated $18.8 billion in the United States during 2008” (2012).  Although efforts have been made to increase awareness of the signs and symptoms of a stroke, there remains “limited public knowledge about stroke recognition and the importance of seeking immediate medical attention” (Payne
et al
. 2010).  The purpose of this paper is to identify the population most at risk, identify effective advocacy campaigns and discuss educating the public of all ages and geographical areas and explore the possible implementation of education as it relates to other risk factors for public awareness. NURS 6050 Developing Health Advocacy – Stroke Essay.

Population Health Issues

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), “every year, about 610,000 in the United States have a new stroke” (2016a).  Risk factors for stroke include: certain conditions, behavior, and family history and other characteristics.   Some risk factors can be modified to reduce the risk for stroke (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016, p.1).

BUY A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

Conditions that increase risk for stroke include: previous stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease, diabetes and sickle cell disease (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016b).  Behaviors that increase risk for a stroke include: an unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, obesity, too much alcohol and tobacco use places one at higher risk (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016c).  Family History and other characteristics that increase the risk for stroke include: genetics and family history, age, sex and race or ethnicity (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016d). NURS 6050 Developing Health Advocacy – Stroke Essay. “The chances of having a stroke about doubles ever 10 years after age 55” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016, p.1).  Research demonstrates that stroke is more common in women and women are more likely to die from a stroke than men.  Blacks, Hispanics, American Indians and Alaska Natives are at higher risk than Asians and non-Hispanic whites (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016d).  According to the National Stroke Association (NSA), stroke is the third leading cause of death for women with an estimated 55,000 more women having a stroke in comparison to men (2016).  NURS 6050 Developing Health Advocacy – Stroke Essay. The NSA, also reported that women may report symptoms that are very different from the most common symptoms such as: loss of consciousness or fainting, generalized weakness, shortness of breath, confusion, agitation, hallucinations, nausea or vomiting, pain, seizures and/or hiccups (2016).

Advocacy Campaigns

Advocacy programs supporting the understanding and education on stroke awareness have made little impact to date.  According to an article published in the Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, “only 38 percent of US adults in the states surveyed were aware that all five were symptoms of stroke and cause for calling 911 (Payne, Fang, Fogle, Oser, Wigand, Theisen & Farris, 2010). NURS 6050 Developing Health Advocacy – Stroke Essay.

“The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study provides the most comprehensive state of health in the world since 1990.  The absolute number of people affected by stroke worldwide has significantly increased.  The increased global stroke burden strongly implies that the current high-risk and population-wide primary stroke prevention strategies are not sufficiently effective, and we need to develop strategies that have larger effect sizes” (Feigin
et al
. 2016 p.1).

Two popular campaigns are Suddens and FAST.  Suddens was created by Brain Attack Coalition and incorporates the five sudden stroke warning signs, which was adopted by the American Heart Association (Payne
et al.
2010). NURS 6050 Developing Health Advocacy – Stroke Essay.

The Suddens warning signs include:

Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body

Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding

Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes

Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination

Sudden severe headache with no cause

NURS 6050 Developing Health Advocacy – Stroke Essay

The campaign FAST was created by researchers at the University of Cincinnati and is an acronym for:
F
ace,
A
rm,
S
peech and
T
imely action (Payne et al, 2010).  A much shorter version and easily remembered.

Attributes of an Effective Advocacy Campaign

In regards to the attributes of the SUDDENS stroke campaign, it is more informative by identifying all five warning signs.  In order to be effective, the message must be easily remembered and understood for everyone from school age children to elderly adults who are highest risk.

The attributes of the FAST campaign is that it is much more easily remembered and easily taught to all ages.  From school age children to adults with less than a high school education, the FAST campaign seems to be intended for all age groups.  The important thing is to raise awareness and call to emergency action for earlier treatment.  The most important thing is to recognize symptoms and call 911.

 

Development of Health Advocacy Campaign

In order to be effective, a campaign not only needs to provide the information and education, but make it easily accessible to all through various means.  This would include: mass media, social media, billboards, pamphlets, flyers, and face-to-face education.  Education needs to be provided and made appropriate to nearly every age group.  Face-to-face education campaign consideration may include grade schools, health department, clinics and emergency room visits.  Many do not necessarily associate their behaviors and conditions they may experience to the potential risk of stroke.  That is why stroke awareness and education needs to be tied to other risk factors that a person may already have.  For example, if you are diagnosed with high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or diabetes or if you are black, Hispanic, a woman or a smoker, then you should receive stroke education from a licensed health care provider.  According to a published study in the Journal of Stroke and Cardiovascular Disease, the elderly population is increasing and especially pronounced in rural populations.  Another interesting article in the Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, identified a population group which was difficult to educate due to geographical location (Inoue
et al
. 2015).  In an effort to reach the rural areas and the elderly, a stroke educational campaign at super markets and grocery stores was implemented.  The campaign was conducted in rural Japan and the idea was simple, “grocery shopping is a necessity at any age and the average shopper goes to the grocery store twice weekly” (Inoue
et al
. 2015).  The campaign was conducted in a rural mountainous region with 4000 flyers being distributed to shoppers.  The flyers included all five of the warning signs and findings suggested that educational flyers should be structured to keep stroke campaigns as simple as possible (Inoue
et al
. 2015).  The results showed that the more difficult signs and symptoms such as visual disturbances, dizziness, difficulty understanding others remained low throughout the campaign (Inoue
et al.

2015).

Summary

A Stroke can affect anyone, at any age, and is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the United States alone.  The cost of stroke related disability is astounding and increasing as stroke related mortality decreases.  The recognition of signs and symptoms of a stroke and early intervention is critical.  The most effective advocacy campaigns keep it simple.  A consideration is to reach all demographics and geographical locations, including rural areas to decrease out of hospital delays in emergency treatment. One idea found effective is placing flyers in grocery bags at supermarkets (Inoue et al, 2015).  Education needs to also begin with the diagnosis of risk factors, conditions and behaviors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, gender, race and habits.  Therefore, a proposal to extend education in an appropriate manner to all ages, at various outlets, geographical areas and tie education to the diagnosis of risk factors should be incorporated.

 

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016c).
Behaviors That Increase Risk for Stroke
.  Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/behaviors.htm

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016b).
Conditions That Increase Risk for Stroke
.  Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/conditions.htm

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016d).
Family History and Other Characteristics That Increase Risk for Stroke
.  Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/family-history.htm

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016a).  
Know the Facts About Stroke
. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/docs/sonsumered_stroke.pdf

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR): Prevalence of Stroke – United States, 2006-2010. (2012)
. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR),
61
(20). 379-382. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6120a5.htm?s_cid=mm6120a5_w

Feigin, V. L., Norrving, B., George, M. G., Foltz, J. L., Roth, G. A., & Mensah, G. A. (2016, July 22). Prevention of stroke: a strategic global imperative.
REVIEWS
. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2016.107

Inoue, Y., Jonda, S., Wataabe, M., & Ando, Y. (2015, February). Education Campaigns at Point of Purchase in Rural Supermarkets Improve Stroke Knowledge.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases
,
24
, 480-484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.09.022

Payne, G. H., Fang, J., Fogal, C. C., Oser, C. S., Wigand, D. A., Theisen, V., & Farris, R. P. (2010, July/August). Stroke Awareness: Surveillance, Educational Campaigns, and Public Health.
Journal of Public Health Management and Practice
,
16
(345-358). http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0b013e3181c8cb79 NURS 6050 Developing Health Advocacy – Stroke Essay

 

Evaluation Criteria for Applications and Formal Papers

 

Levels of Achievement

Criteria

Outstanding Performance

Excellent Performance

Competent Performance

Proficient Performance

Room for Improvement

QUALITY OF WORK SUBMITTED –

1. The extent to which work meets the assigned criteria and work reflects graduate level critical and analytic thinking (0-30 Points)

30 to 30 points

Assignment exceeds expectations. All topics are addressed with a minimum of 75% containing exceptional breadth and depth about each of the assignment topics

25 to 29 points

Assignment exceeds expectations. All topics are addressed with a minimum of 75% containing exceptional breadth and depth about each of the assignment topics

20 to 24 points

Assignment meets expectations. All topics are addressed with a minimum of 50% containing good breadth and depth about each of the assignment topics.

16 to 19 points

Assignment meets most of the expectations. One required topic is either not addressed or inadequately addressed.

NURS 6050 Developing Health Advocacy – Stroke Essay

0 to 15 points

Assignment superficially meets some of the expectations. Two or more required topics are either not addressed or inadequately addressed.

QUALITY OF WORK SUBMITTED: Purpose of the paper is clear (0-5 Points)

5 to 5 points

A clear and comprehensive purpose statement is provided which delineates all required criteria.

5 to 5 points

A clear and comprehensive purpose statement is provided which delineates all required criteria.

4 to 4 points

Purpose of the assignment is stated, yet is brief and not descriptive.

1 to 3 points

Purpose of the assignment is vague.

0 to 0 points

No purpose statement was provided.

ASSIMILATION AND SYNTHESIS OF IDEAS

The extent to which the work reflects the student’s ability to-

1. Understand and interpret the assignment’s key concepts (0-10 Points)

10 to 10 points

Demonstrates the ability to critically appraise and intellectually explore key concepts.

9 to 9 points

Demonstrates the ability to critically appraise and intellectually explore key concepts.

8 to 8 points

Demonstrates a clear understanding of key concepts.

5 to 7 points

Shows some degree of understanding of key concepts.

0 to 4 points

Shows a lack of understanding of key concepts, deviates from topics.

 

NURS 6050 Developing Health Advocacy – Stroke Essay

ASSIMILATION AND SYNTHESIS OF IDEAS 2. Apply and integrate material in course resources (i.e. video, required readings, and textbook) and credible outside resources (0-20 Points)

20 to 20 points

Demonstrates and applies exceptional support of major points and integrates 2 or more credible outside sources, in addition to 3-4 course resources to support point of view.

15 to 19 points

Demonstrates and applies exceptional support of major points and integrates 2 or more credible outside sources, in addition to 3-4 course resources to support point of view.

10 to 14 points

Integrates specific information from 1 credible outside resource and 3 to 4 course resources to support major points and point of view.

3 to 9 points

Minimally includes and integrates specific information from 2-3 resources to support major points and point of view.

0 to 2 points

Includes and integrates specific information from 0 to 1 resource to support major points and point of view.

ASSIMILATION AND SYNTHESIS OF IDEAS 3. Synthesize (combines various components or different ideas into a new whole) material in course resources (i.e. video, required readings, and textbook) by comparing different points of view and highlighting similarities, differences, and connections. (0-20 Points)

20 to 20 points

Synthesizes and justifies (defends, explains, validates, confirms) information gleaned from sources to support major points presented. Applies meaning to the field of advanced nursing practice.

18 to 19 points

Synthesizes and justifies (defends, explains, validates, confirms) information gleaned from sources to support major points presented. Applies meaning to the field of advanced nursing practice.

16 to 17 points

Summarizes information gleaned from sources to support major points, but does not synthesize.

NURS 6050 Developing Health Advocacy – Stroke Essay

14 to 15 points

Identifies but does not interpret or apply concepts, and/or strategies correctly; ideas unclear and/or underdeveloped.

0 to 13 points

Rarely or does not interpret, apply, and synthesize concepts, and/or strategies.

WRITTEN EXPRESSION AND FORMATTING 1. Paragraph and Sentence Structure: Paragraphs make clear points that support well developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are clearly structured and carefully focused–neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. (0-5 Points)

5 to 5 points

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards.

5 to 5 points

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards.

NURS 6050 Developing Health Advocacy – Stroke Essay

4 to 4 points

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards 80% of the time.

3 to 3 points

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards 70% of the time.

0 to 2 points

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards < 70% of the time.     WRITTEN EXPRESSION AND FORMATTING 2. English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation (0-5 Points) 5 to 5 points Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors. 5 to 5 points Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors. 4 to 4 points Contains a few (1-2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 3 to 3 points Contains several (3-4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 3 0 to 2 points Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding. WRITTEN EXPRESSION AND FORMATTING 3. The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running head, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list (0-5 Points) 5 to 5 points Uses correct APA format with no errors. 5 to 5 points Uses correct APA format with no errors. 4 to 4 points Contains a few (1-2) APA format errors. 3 to 3 points Contains several (3-4) APA format errors. 0 to 2 points Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors. NURS 6050 Developing Health Advocacy – Stroke Essay

NURS 6050 week 3 Discussion: Financing of Health Care Essay

Discussion: Financing of Health Care

With coinciding concerns about health care costs and the imperative to improve quality of care, health care providers and others face difficult decisions in the effort to achieve an appropriate balance. Such decisions often are addressed in the policy arena. How do policymakers evaluate which health care services should be financed through government programs? NURS 6050 week 3 Discussion: Financing of Health Care Essay. How do ethics-related questions and other considerations play into this evaluation process? Is it possible to contain costs and provide accessible, high-quality care to all, or is the tension between cost and care inherent in the U.S. health care delivery system? These questions are central to health care financing decisions in the United States.

BUY A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

For this Discussion, you will focus on the policy decision-making process that determines what types of care are covered by public and private insurers and the ethical aspects of such financial decisions. NURS 6050 week 3 Discussion: Financing of Health Care Essay.

To prepare:

Read the following case study, “Hard Economic and Finance Choices in US Healthcare” (Milstead):

Case Study 1: Hard Economic and Finance Choices in US HealthcareApplied economics is all about managing scarce resources. Economics is an amoral field of study: it is neither moral nor immoral. Morality and values are determined by individuals at the personal level and by group consensus or majority opinion at the national level. State and federal governments determine the ‘will of the people’ about how to use scarce resources for the good of a nation. NURS 6050 week 3 Discussion: Financing of Health Care Essay.The U.S. health care system is an exemplar of scarcity: primary care physicians, substance abuse treatment centers, trauma centers, registered nurses, and the money to pay for goods and services. Finance is all about how to pay for goods and services. The Medicare Payment Advisory Commission (MedPAC) is appointed by the Executive branch of the federal government to make decisions about what the Medicare program will and will not pay for. In this role, MedPAC makes decisions about medications, procedures and treatments NURS 6050 week 3 Discussion: Financing of Health Care Essay. Examples of MedPAC decisions include coverage for left ventricular assistive devices as a destination therapy, coverage for bariatric surgery, and in 2010, coverage of the drug Provenge™. By law, MedPAC is not allowed to use price or cost of any treatment in its decision-making processes.

Review the information in the Washington Post article “Review of Prostate Cancer Drugs Provenge Renews Medical Cost-Benefit Debate” in the Learning Resources.

Consider how policy decisions currently are made about what will and will not be paid for and what changes, if any, could improve the process. NURS 6050 week 3 Discussion: Financing of Health Care Essay.

Reflect on how the Washington Post example illustrates the tension between cost and care.

By Day 3

Post
your analysis and assessment of the ethical and economic challenges related to policy decisions such as those presented in the
Washington Post
article. How does this type of situation contribute to the tension between cost and care? Substantiate your response with at least two outside resources. NURS 6050 week 3 Discussion: Financing of Health Care Essay.

By Day 6

Respond
to at least two of your colleagues
on two different days
in one or more of the following ways:

Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence, or research using an in-text citation in APA format.

Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.

Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library. NURS 6050 week 3 Discussion: Financing of Health Care Essay.

Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.

Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.

Expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence.

Reference:

National Health Expenditures 2010 Highlights, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.cms.gov/NationalHealthExpendData/downloads/highlights.pdf

 

Main post:

The dynamics of this discussion puts us in the middle of a debate, in which I can see merit in both side of this coin. The “vaccine” treatment of advanced prostate cancer, with a price tag of $93,000, and has shown to extend patient lives about four months (Stein, 2010). Quite a hefty amount for a treatment to extend life for such a short period of time on the dime of the tax payer, some might think. NURS 6050 week 3 Discussion: Financing of Health Care Essay. Much of this debate is because the cost of Provenge, which was approved by the FDA was disclosed prior to approval and Medicare usually covers cancer drugs approved by the FDA. However in this case the price was disclosed and as Milstead stated, “By law, MedPAC is not allowed to use price or cost of any treatment in the decision-making process” (Milstead, 2016). Some felt that is the cost was not included that the debate for this drug wouldn’t exist. Another concern is that denial of this drug by Medicare would discourage pharmaceutical companies from developing cancer drugs (Stein, 2010).

Ethically, as health care providers we want the best and most effective treatment for our patients as possible. However, we must also consider that the some $1 billion that could be potentially spend on patients with “advanced” prostate cancer, might be able to be put to better use than the extension of life for several months. The United States leads the world in healthcare spending, yet we are not leading the world in any of the positive health aspects, (i.e. infant mortality, life expectancy, death rate, etc.) (Holtz, 2016) NURS 6050 week 3 Discussion: Financing of Health Care Essay. This type of health care spending may not be beneficial for the greater population. According to Milstead, studies continue to show that there is no correlation between increased spending on health care spending on health care in the United States and the reduction in population morality (Milstead, 2016). Because of this tension between cost and care can be greatly strained, we must face the question of “does this cost of $93,000 for a treatment 100,000 times over, worth causing more deficits in health than there currently is?” and “are we not following of commitment of nonmaleficence to ‘do no harm’ by denying a patient those extra moments of life”.

References:

Holtz, C. (2016).
Global Health Care Issues and Policies .
Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett.

Milstead, J. (2016).
Health Policy and Politics: A nurse’s guide.
Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Stein, R. (2010, November 8).
Review of prostate cancer drug Provenge renews medical cost-benefit debate
. Retrieved from The Washington Post: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/07/AR2010110705205.html

NURS 6050 week 3 Discussion: Financing of Health Care Essay

NURS 6050 Wk 2 Discussions and responses: Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform

Discussion: Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform

As health care delivery in the United States continues to evolve, either through mandates, improved technologies and training, or other drivers, nurses remain at the forefront in facilitating the success of new initiatives. In 2010, the Institute of Medicine formed a committee of experts to address the following question: “What roles can nursing assume to address the increasing demand for safe, high-quality, and effective health care services?” In the final report of the committee,
The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health
, the authors stated: NURS 6050 Wk 2 Discussions and responses: Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform.

BUY A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

This report offers recommendations that collectively serve as a blueprint to (1) ensure that nurses can practice to the full extent of their education and training, (2) improve nursing education, (3) provide opportunities for nurses to assume leadership positions and to serve as full partners in health care redesign and improvement efforts, and (4) improve data collection for workforce planning and policy making. (p. 10)

For this Discussion, you will focus on the research recommendations presented by the committee concerning the role of nurses as leaders. The committee members believe that answers to these research questions are needed to advance the profession of nursing and to further expand their role in health care reform and improvement. NURS 6050 Wk 2 Discussions and responses: Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform.

To prepare:

Review Chapter 7 in
The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health
report provided in the Learning Resources. Focus on the information in Box 7.3, “Research Priorities for Transforming Nursing Leadership.”

Select one of the research priorities listed in Box 7.3 that is of particular interest to you and applicable to your career interests. Consider the benefits and challenges of researching and addressing this priority in nursing.

Using the Walden library, identify two to three current articles that address your selected research priority. Consider the current state of research efforts on this priority. NURS 6050 Wk 2 Discussions and responses: Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform.

Reflect on how the research findings for your area of priority impact nurses as leaders in organizations and health care reform. Why is research on this priority important?

By Day 3

Post
a description of the priority you selected and the benefits and challenges of further researching this area. Provide an overview of the articles you found (using appropriate APA citations) relating to this priority, and highlight any key findings. Explain how continued research in this area could strengthen the ability of nurses to lead in both individual organizations and as advocates of health care reform. NURS 6050 Wk 2 Discussions and responses: Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform.

Read
a selection of your colleagues’ responses. Focus particularly on those questions raised to which you can add comments based on shared experiences or situations. Consider how your colleagues’ postings reflect and/or differ from your own perceptions and opinions. Review the Learning Resources for any clarification needed before responding.

By Day 6

Respond
to at least
two
of your colleagues
on two different days
in one or more of the following ways:

Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence, or research using an in-text citation in APA format.

Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.

Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library. NURS 6050 Wk 2 Discussions and responses: Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform.

Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.

Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.

Expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence.

Reference:

National Academy of Sciences. (2011)
The future of nursing: Leading change, advancing health.

Retrieved from https://download.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12956

 

Nursing school does its best to prepare future nurses for the world of nursing as a licensed professional, but I believe that it is the on-unit preceptors and mentors that really help to shape the skills and confidence of a new nurse. With this in mind I selected “Identification of the characteristics of mentors that have been (or could be) most successful in recruiting and training diverse nurses and nurse faculty.” In my career, as both a student and nurse, I have had the opportunity to shadow some of the most amazing, caring, and knowledgeable nurses, and because of their leadership and guidance I have been able to grow into a better nurse for the patients I encounter that I don’t believe I would had been without them. NURS 6050 Wk 2 Discussions and responses: Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform.

An article in the Journal of Oncology Nurse Society discussed the qualities of a mentor from a nurse’s perspective. Bosley discussed that “Qualities that make for a good mentor are patience and the passion to teach or share knowledge with others.” (Bosley, 2012, p. 15) She explains how it is important for the mentors to be accessible and approachable, yet be able to correct incorrect practice without belittling or making them feel insignificant or stupid. Bosley stated, “Having a mentor definitely had a huge impact on my professional development.” (Bosley, 2012, p. 15)

The next article
Mentorship in contemporary practice: the experiences of nursing students and practice mentors
, explores the role of the mentor in nursing practice. The article was based on a study which investigated the impact of locality-based nursing education initiative on students, practice mentors and academic staff. (Myall, Levett-Jones, & Lathlean, 2008, p. 1834) Myall, et al defines the mentor as a counselor or adviser, is often used interchangeably as preceptor or clinical facilitator, who is a practitioner ‘who facilitates learning and supervises and assesses students in the practice setting’.  (Myall, Levett-Jones, & Lathlean, 2008, p. 1836) They also stated that the most successful characteristics of the mentor are to be the provision of support and guidance in the practice area; facilitation of student learning; assessment and evaluation of the student; acting as a positive role model; and ensuring students are fit for purpose, practice and award. (Myall, Levett-Jones, & Lathlean, 2008, p. 1837) NURS 6050 Wk 2 Discussions and responses: Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform.

References:

Bosley, C. (2012, January 1). What Makes a Good Nursing Mentor? One nurse’s perspective.
Oncology Nursing Society
, p. 15 .

Myall, M., Levett-Jones, T., & Lathlean, J. (2008, July 15). Mentorship in contemporary practice: the experiences of nursing.
The Journal of Clinical Nursing
, pp. 1834-1842.

National Academy of Sciences. (2011)
The future of nursing: Leading change, advancing health
.

Retrieved from https://download.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12956 NURS 6050 Wk 2 Discussions and responses: Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform

Response:

Hi,

Thank you very much for your insight. Like you I also feel strongly about mentoring, and in my career I have had some very great nurses that have shaped me into a more competent and confident practicing nurse. I believe that not only do great mentors help build better and more confident new nurses, but they also create a foundation for future nurse mentors. In my career I have had several opportunities to be a mentor and preceptor to new graduate nurses. In approaching this I have done my best to encompass the best qualities that I received from my mentors and bestow those onto the nurses that I have been selected to mentor, in hopes that I have been able to form the same career long impression to them that I form to me. NURS 6050 Wk 2 Discussions and responses: Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform. “A traditional mentoring relationship blends career functions, such as teaching, coaching, protecting, and sponsoring, with psychosocial functions, such as role modeling, counseling, and friendship, that provide emotional support and boost the mentee’s confidence and sense of self-worth” (Banister, Bowen-Brady & Winfrey, 2014, p. 318)

Reference:

Banister, G., Bowen-Brady, H. M., & Winfrey, M. E. (2014). Using Career Nurse Mentors to Support            Minority Nursing Students and Facilitate their Transitions to Practice.
Journal of Professional          Nursing, 30
(4), 317-325. Doi:10.1016/j.profnurs.2013.11.001 NURS 6050 Wk 2 Discussions and responses: Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform

Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker

NURS 6051:
Transforming Nursing and Healthcare Through Technology

Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker

The term “knowledge worker” was first coined by management consultant and author Peter Drucker in his book, The Landmarks of Tomorrow (1959). Drucker defined knowledge workers as high-level workers who apply theoretical and analytical knowledge, acquired through formal training, to develop products and services. Does this sound familiar? Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker

Nurses are very much knowledge workers. What has changed since Drucker’s time are the ways that knowledge can be acquired. The volume of data that can now be generated and the tools used to access this data have evolved significantly in recent years and helped healthcare professionals (among many others) to assume the role of knowledge worker in new and powerful ways.

ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

In this Assignment, you will consider the evolving role of the nurse leader and how this evolution has led nurse leaders to assume the role of knowledge worker. You will prepare a PowerPoint presentation with an infographic (graphic that visually represents information, data, or knowledge. Infographics are intended to present information quickly and clearly.) to educate others on the role of nurse as knowledge worker. Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker.

Reference: Drucker, P. (1959). The landmarks of tomorrow. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers.

To Prepare
:

Review the concepts of informatics as presented in the Resources.

Reflect on the role of a nurse leader as a knowledge worker.

Consider how knowledge may be informed by data that is collected/accessed.

The Assignment:

Explain the concept of a knowledge worker.

Define and explain nursing informatics and highlight the role of a nurse leader as a knowledge worker.

Develop a simple infographic to help explain these concepts.

NOTE: For guidance on infographics, including how to create one in PowerPoint, see “How to Make an Infographic in PowerPoint” presented in the Resources. Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker.

Your PowerPoint should Include the hypothetical scenario you originally shared in the Discussion Forum. Include your examination of the data that you could use, how the data might be accessed/collected, and what knowledge might be derived from that data. Be sure to incorporate feedback received from your colleagues’ responses. Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker.

 

Rubric Grid

Develop a
5- to 6-slide PowerPoint presentation, in APA format with speaker notes that addresses the following:

Explain the concept of a knowledge worker.

Define and explain nursing informatics and highlight the role of a nurse leader as a knowledge worker.

Levels of Achievement:

Excellent 32 (32%) – 35 (35%)

The presentation clearly and accurately explains the concept of a knowledge worker.

The presentation clearly and accurately defines and explains nursing informatics with a detailed explanation of the role of the nurse leader as a knowledge worker. Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker.

Includes: 3 or more peer-reviewed sources and 2 or more course resources..

Good 28 (28%) – 31 (31%)

The presentation explains the concept of a knowledge worker.

The presentation defines and explains nursing informatics with an explanation of the role of the nurse leader as a knowledge worker.

Includes: 2 peer-reviewed sources and 2 course resources..

Fair 25 (25%) – 27 (27%)

The presentation inaccurately or vaguely explains the concept of a knowledge worker.

The presentation inaccurately or vaguely defines and explains nursing informatics with an inaccurate or vague explanation of the role of the nurse leader as a knowledge worker.

Includes: 1 peer-reviewed sources and 1 course resources. Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker.

Poor 0 (0%) – 24 (24%)

The presentation inaccurately and vaguely explains the concept of a knowledge worker or is missing.

The presentation inaccurately and vaguely defines and explains nursing informatics with an inaccurate and vague explanation of the role of the nurse leader as a knowledge worker or is missing.

Includes: 1 or fewer resources..

Develop a simple infographic to help explain these concepts
.—

Levels of Achievement:

Excellent 14 (14%) – 15 (15%)

The presentation provides an accurate and detailed infographic that helps explain the concepts related to the presentation..

Good 12 (12%) – 13 (13%)

The presentation provides an infographic that helps explain the concepts related to the presentation..

Fair 11 (11%) – 11 (11%)

The presentation provides an infographic related to the concepts of the presentation that is inaccurate or vague..

Poor 0 (0%) – 10 (10%)  Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker.

The infographic provided in the presentation related to the concepts of the presentation is inaccurate and vague, or is missing..

Present the hypothetical scenario you originally shared in the Discussion Forum. Include your examination of the data you could use, how the data might be accessed/collected, and what knowledge might be derived from the data. Be sure to incorporate feedback received from your colleagues’ replies.–

Levels of Achievement:

Excellent 32 (32%) – 35 (35%)

The presentation clearly and thoroughly includes the hypothetical scenario originally shared in the Discussion Forum, including a detailed and accurate examination of the data used, how the data might be accessed/collected, and the knowledge that could be derived from the data..

Good 28 (28%) – 31 (31%)

The presentation includes the hypothetical scenario originally shared in the Discussion Forum, including an accurate examination of the data used, how the data might be accessed/collected, and the knowledge that could be derived from the data..

Fair 25 (25%) – 27 (27%)

The presentation includes the hypothetical scenario originally shared in the Discussion Forum, including an examination of the data used, how the data might be accessed/collected, and the knowledge that could be derived from the data that is vague or inaccurate. Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker.

Poor 0 (0%) – 24 (24%)

The presentation includes the hypothetical scenario originally shared in the Discussion Forum, including an examination of the data used, how the data might be accessed/collected, and the knowledge that could be derived from the data that is vague and inaccurate, or is missing..

Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization:

Paragraphs make clear points that support well developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused–neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance.–

Levels of Achievement:

Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity..

Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time..

Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%- 79% of the time..

Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 60% of the time.. Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation– Levels of Achievement: Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.. Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Contains a few (1-2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker. Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%) Contains several (3-4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.. Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.. Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running head, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list.– Levels of Achievement: Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Uses correct APA format with no errors.. Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Contains a few (1-2) APA format errors.. Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%) Contains several (3-4) APA format errors.. Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors.. Total Points: 100 Name: NURS_5051_Module01_Week02_Assignment_Rubric Possible Resources McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Chapter 1, “Nursing Science and the Foundation of Knowledge” (pp. 7–19)•Chapter 2, “Introduction to Information, Information Science, and Information Systems” (pp. 21–33) Chapter 3, “Computer Science and the Foundation of Knowledge Model” (pp. 35–62) Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker 24Slides. (2018). How to make an infographic in PowerPoint. Retrieved September 27, 2018, from https://24slides.com/presentbetter/how-make-infographic-powerpoint/ Nagle, L., Sermeus, W., & Junger, A. (2017). Evolving role of the nursing informatics specialist. In J. Murphy, W. Goossen, & P. Weber (Eds.), Forecasting Competencies for Nurses in the Future of Connected Health (212–221). Clifton, VA: IMIA and IOS Press. Retrieved from https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_4A0FEA56B8CB.P001/REF Sweeney, J. (2017). Healthcare informatics. Online Journal of Nursing Informatics, 21(1). Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases. Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker

Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health

Quiz Submissions – Unit 5 Midterm

Submission View

Random Section 1

ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

Question 1

2 / 2 points

Which HPV types are most often associated with cervical and anogenital cancer?

Question options:

1)

1, 2, and 3

2)

6 and 11

3)

16 and 18

4)

22 and 24

Question 2

2 / 2 points

During a breast exam you note all of the findings below as normal except:

Question options:

1)

asymetrical size

2)

a supernumerary nipple

3)

hyperpigmentation

4)

breasts that move up symmetrically with raising the arms

Question 3

2 / 2 points

A 30-year-old woman presents without symptoms but states that her male partner has dysuria without penile discharge. Examination reveals a friable cervix covered with thick yellow discharge. This description is most consistent with an infection caused by:

Question options:

1)

Chlamydia trachomatis.

2)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

3)

human papillomavirus (HPV).

4)

Trichomonas vaginalis.

Question 4

2 / 2 points

The vaccine Gardasil that is used to prevent some strains of HPV infection is recommended in both males and females. Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health.

Question options:

1) True

2) False

Question 5

2 / 2 points

Lesbians may experience which of the following barriers to health care?

Question options:

1)

Homophobia from the healthcare provider

2)

Incorrect knowledge about health care needs of lesbians by healthcare providers

3)

Lack of insurance and/or access under partner’s coverage

4)

All of the above

Question 6

2 / 2 points

Which of the following best describes lesions associated with condyloma acuminatum?

Question options:

1)

verruciform

2)

plaque-like

3)

vesicular-form

4)

bullous

Question 7

2 / 2 points

Presumptive treatment for PID should be initiated in sexually active young women and other women at risk for STDs if they are experiencing pelvic or lower abdominal pain, if no cause for the illness other than PID can be identified, and if one or more of the following minimum clinical criteria are present on pelvic examination: Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health.

Question options:

1)

cervical motion tenderness

2)

uterine tenderness

3)

adnexal tenderness.

4)

All of the above

Question 8

2 / 2 points

How long after contact do clinical manifestations of syphilis typically occur?

Question options:

1)

less than 1 week

2)

1 to 3 weeks

3)

2 to 4 weeks

4)

4 to 6 weeks

Question 9

2 / 2 points

In assessing a woman with disabilities, which of the following terms should be avoided?

Question options:

1)

Crippled

2)

Handicapped

3)

Mentally retarded

4)

All of the above

Question 10

2 / 2 points Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health

The definition of menopause is

Question options:

1)

Frequently skipping period for one year

2)

One year without a period

3)

Onset of hot flashes and night sweats with irregular menstruation

4)

None of the above

Question 11

2 / 2 points

Treatment options for bacterial vaginosis include all of the following except:

Question options:

1)

oral metronidazole.

2)

clindamycin cream.

3)

oral clindamycin.

4)

oral azithromycin.

Question 12

2 / 2 points

Physical examination of a 19-year-old woman with a 3-day history of vaginal itch reveals moderate perineal excoriation, vaginal erythema, and a white, clumping discharge. Expected microscopic examination findings include:

Question options:

1)

a pH greater than 6. 0.

2)

an increased number of lactobacilli.

3)

hyphae.

4)

an abundance of white blood cells. Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health

Question 13

2 / 2 points

Which of the following is a contraindication to estrogen/progestin-containing methods (combined oral contraception [COC], patch [Ortho Evra], or ring [NuvaRing])?

Question options:

1)

mother with a history of breast cancer

2)

personal history of hepatitis A at age 10 years

3)

presence of factor V Leiden mutation

4)

cigarette smoking one pack per day in a 22-year-old

Question 14

2 / 2 points

Recommendations for adolescents with disabilities include a comprehensive sex education program that should be tailored to fit their specific needs.

Question options:

1) True

2) False

Question 15

0 / 2 points

In assessing a 13 year old female, you know that the presence of breast bud  with elevation of breast and papilla; enlargement of areola indicate which Tanner Stage?

Question options:

1)

Stage1

2)

Stage 2

3)

Stage 3

4)

Stage 4

Question 16

2 / 2 points

The Pap test should not be considered a screening test for STDs.

Question options:

1) True

2) False

Question 17

2 / 2 points

Which of the following agents is most active against C. trachomatis?

Question options:

1)

amoxicillin

2)

metronidazole

3)

azithromycin

4)

ceftriaxone

Question 18

2 / 2 points

When performing a bimanual exam all of the following are noted as normal findings except:

Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health Question options:

1)

retoverted uterus

2)

anteflexed uterus

3)

fixed immobile uterus

4)

smooth, firm ovary

Question 19

2 / 2 points

Routine screening for C. trachomatis on an annual basis is recommended for all sexually active females aged <25 years . Question options: 1) True 2) False Question 20 2 / 2 points When performing a pelvic examination the first part of the external genitalia exam is Question options: 1) speculum examination 2) palpation 3) inspection 4) cervical sampling Question 21 2 / 2 points In women who have experienced a spinal cord injury, temporary cessation of menses is normal for up to one year following the injury. Question options: 1) True 2) False Question 22 2 / 2 points When counseling a woman about COC use, you advise that: Question options: 1) long-term use of COC is discouraged because the body needs a “rest” from birth control pills from time to time. 2) fertility is often delayed for many months after discontinuation of COC. 3) there is an increase in the rate of breast cancer after protracted use of COC. 4) premenstrual syndrome symptoms are often improved with use of COC. Question 23 2 / 2 points Which of the following terms describes the mechanism of action of imiquimod (Aldara)? Question options: 1) keratolytic 2) immune modulator 3) cryogenic 4) cytolytic Question 24 2 / 2 points Treatment of vulvovaginitis caused by Candida albicans includes: Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health Question options: 1) metronidazole gel. 2) clotrimazole cream. 3) hydrocortisone ointment. 4) clindamycin cream. Question 25 2 / 2 points Screening for osteoporosis with DEXA scan should begin Question options: 1) age 50 2) one year after menopause 3) age 65 4) age 60 Question 26 2 / 2 points What is the approximate incubation period for Neisseria gonorrhoea? Question options: 1) 1 to 5 days 2) 7 to 10 days 3) 18 days 4) 28 days Question 27 2 / 2 points What percentage of anogenital and cervical cancers can be attributed to HPV infection? Question options: 1) less than 30% 2) at least 50% 3) at least 70% 4) 95% or greater Question 28 2 / 2 points Universal screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea in women ≤35 years entering juvenile and adult correctional facilities has been a long-standing recommendation. Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health. Question options: 1) True 2) False Question 29 2 / 2 points A 22-year-old woman taking a 35-mcg ethinyl estradiol COC calls after forgetting to take her pills for 2 consecutive days. She is 2 weeks into the pack. You advise her to: Question options: 1) take the last pill missed immediately, even if this means taking 2 pills today. 2) discard two pills and take two pills today. 3) discard the rest of the pack and start a new pack with the first day of her next menses. 4) continue taking one pill daily for the rest of the cycle. Question 30 2 / 2 points HCV infection is the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the United States, with an estimated 2.7 million persons living with chronic infection Question options: 1) True 2) False Question 31 2 / 2 points Adolescent girls are not candidates for IUD use for contraception Question options: 1) True 2) False Question 32 2 / 2 points About ____ of patients with genital warts have spontaneous regression of the lesions? Question options: 1) 10% 2) 25% 3) 50% 4) 75% Question 33 2 / 2 points Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is defined as a group of therapies that are not considered part of Western culture and include all of the following except: Question options: 1) Congugated estrogen 2) Aromatherapy 3) Tai Chi 4) Yoga Question 34 2 / 2 points Which HPV types are most likely to cause genital condyloma acuminatum? Question options: 1) 1, 2, and 3 2) 6 and 11 3) 16 and 18 4) 22 and 24 Question 35 2 / 2 points Which test is performed around the time of ovulation to diagnose the basis of infertility? Question options: 1) Hysterosalpingogram 2) Ultrasonography 3) Laparoscopy 4) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level Question 36 2 / 2 points The NP is seeing a 30-year-old woman before her routine gynecologic examination, the NP questions that patient about her recent menstrual cycles. Which statement made by the patient should prompt further investigation? Question options: 1) “My flow is very heavy all the time.” 2) “I have occasionally spot in between cycles” 3) “My menstrual cycles varies from 25 to 30 days.” 4) “I have cramping prior to my cycle starting” Question 37 2 / 2 points Women with bacterial vaginosis typically present with: Question options: 1) vulvitis. 2) pruritus. 3) dysuria. 4) malodorous discharge. Question 38 2 / 2 points Treatment options for patients with condyloma acuminatum include all of the following except: Question options: 1) topical acyclovir. 2) cryotherapy. 3) podofilox. 4) trichloroacetic acid. Question 39 0 / 2 points Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health The average onset of perimenopause is between the ages of: Question options: 1) 35 to 40 years. 2) 40 to 45 years. 3) 45 to 50 years. 4) 50 to 55 years. Question 40 2 / 2 points Which of the following is not representative of the presentation of primary syphilis? Question options: 1) painless ulcer 2) localized lymphadenopathy 3) flu-like symptoms 4) spontaneously healing lesion Question 41 2 / 2 points Noncontraceptive benefits of COC use include a decrease in all of the following except: Question options: 1) iron-deficiency anemia. 2) pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). 3) cervicitis. 4) ovarian cancer. Question 42 2 / 2 points In patients who are allergic to azithromycin, an alternative treatment to chlamydia is Question options: 1) Doxycycline 100mg twice daily for 7 days 2) Macrobid 100mg twice daily for 5 days 3) BactimDS  1 PO BID for 3 day 4) All of the above Question 43 2 / 2 points Puberty consists of a series of predictable events, and the sequence of changes in secondary sexual characteristics has been categorized by several groups. The staging system utilized most frequently used to describe these events is Tanner staging. Question options: 1) True 2) False Question 44 2 / 2 points Which of the following may be a useful tool in screening for Female Sexual Disorder (FSD)? Question options: 1) The Female Sexual Function Index 2) The Female Sexual Distress Scale 3) The Orgasmic Disorder Scale 4) A and B Question 45 2 / 2 points Which of the following is found in tertiary syphilis? Question options: 1) arthralgia 2) lymphadenopathy 3) macular or papular lesions involving the palms and soles 4) gumma Question 46 2 / 2 points A patient presents to you with a chief complaint of primary dysmenorrhea, which nonpharmacologic intervention might you recommend she try first? Question options: 1) participating in physical activity 2) increase iron rich foods to replace blood that is lost 3) use of a heating pad on the pelvis for cramping 4) use of an NSAID Question 47 2 / 2 points Which of the following agents is active against N. gonorrhoeae? Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health Question options: 1) ceftriaxone 2) metronidazole 3) ketoconazole 4) amoxicillin Question 48 0 / 2 points A recommended treatment for rectal gonorrhea is: Question options: 1) oral amoxicillin. 2) oral azithromycin. 3) oral ciprofloxacin. 4) ceftriaxone injection. Question 49 2 / 2 points When charting on a patient whom you have noted a breast lump it is important to document Question options: 1) tenderness 2) size 3) location 4) mobility 5) all of the above Question 50 2 / 2 points A 24-year-old woman presents with a 1-week history of thin, green-yellow vaginal discharge with perivaginal irritation. Physical examination findings include vaginal erythema with petechial hemorrhages on the cervix, numerous white blood cells, and motile organisms on microscopic examination. These findings most likely represent: Question options: 1) motile sperm with irritative vaginitis. 2) trichomoniasis. 3) bacterial vaginosis. 4) condyloma acuminatum. Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health

Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health

The third most common cancer in women worldwide is Cervical cancer and is the second most frequent cause of cancer-related mortality with about 300,000 deaths annually (report.nih.gov, 2013). According to Siegel, Naishadham, & Jemal in 2013, there was an estimated 12,340 new cases of invasive cervical cancer in the United States and 4,030 estimated mortality. There was actually a 50% decrease in cancer death the past 30 years due to early detection using the Pap smear that provides detection of precancerous cells and cancerous cells in their earlier stage (Acog.org, 2016c; Vegunta, Kransdorf, & Mayer, 2014). Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health.

ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

Pap smear is used primarily to identify the cytology of the cervix and vagina and can also be used to identify presence of infection. Cervical cancer takes about 3–7 years for high-grade changes to occur and screening with Pap smear can detect these changes before they become cancer (acog.org, 2016b)

The USPSTF (U.S. Preventive Services Task Force) (2012) recommends screening for cervical cancer in women age 21 to 65 years with cytology (Pap smear) every 3 years if cotesting with HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) is not obtainable (acog.org, 2016b; Langsjoen, et al, 2015). However, beginning at age 30, the women who wants a longer interval of screening should combine cytology and HPV testing every 5 years (acog.org, 2016b; uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org, 2012; Moyer, 2012) because women older than 30 years correlates with increased incidence of high-grade lesions (acog.org, 2016b; Langsjoen, et al, 2015). Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health.

The USPSTF discourages screening for cervical cancer through Pap smear for women younger than 21 years (acog.org, 2016b; uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org, 2012; Moyer, 2012). According to Vegunta, Kransdorf, & Mayer (2014), 90% of HPV infections resolve in 2 years and although women below 20 years have the most incidence of HPV infections, they have minimal risk of developing invasive cervical cancer. Also, false positive can lead to unnecessary treatment that have an adverse effect on childbearing (Mayo, 2012). An example is the loop electrosurgical excision procedure that is linked with preterm delivery and increased risk of premature rupture of membranes (Vegunta, Kransdorf, & Mayer, 2014).

The USPSTF also discourages Pap smear for women older than 65 years who had sufficient prior screening and are considered low risk, as well as those who had hysterectomy with cervical excision without history of High-Grade Precancer or Cervical Cancer (acog.org, 2016b; uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org, 2012; Moyer, 2012). Based on a systematic review, risk of high-grade cervical lesions decreases with age and screening women older than 65 would not provide any benefit (acog.org, 2016b; Vesco, et al., 2014; Moyer, 2012). Sufficient prior screening means that a woman “do not have a history of moderate or severe abnormal cervical cells (dysplasia) or cervical cancer, and have had either three negative Pap test results in a row or two negative co-test results in a row within the past 10 years, with the most recent test performed within the past 5 years” (acog.org, 2016b). The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends Pap smear screening for women who had hysterectomy but the cervix is not removed (2016b). If the cervix is removed due to cervical cancer, Pap smear screening should be done for the next 20 years after surgery (acog.org, 2016b). However, if the cervix is removed but there is no history of cervical cancer, there is no need for screening (acog.org, 2016b). Frequent Pap smear screening is needed among women who were exposed to diethylstilbestrol before birth or have HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), immunocompromised or history of cervical cancer (acog.org, 2016b). Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health.

Women are still encouraged to follow up for well-woman exam (pelvic exam or internal exam) and check-up for counseling on birth control, vaccination, health screening, and preconception (avog.org, 2016b).

References:

Acog.org (2016a, February). Cervical Cancer Screening. Retrieved from: http://www.acog.org/Patients/FAQs/Cervical-Cancer-Screening

Acog.org (2016b, February). Frequently Asked Questions: Cervical Cancer Screening. Retrieved from: http://www.acog.org/Patients/FAQs/Cervical-Cancer-Screening

Acog.org (2016c). Pap smear (Pap test): Resource Overview. Retrieved from: http://www.acog.org/Womens-Health/Pap-Smear-Pap-Test

Langsjoen, J., Goodell, C., Castro, E., Thomas, J., Kuehl, T. J., Wehbe-Janek, H., & Hinskey, M. (2015). Improving compliance with cervical cancer screening guidelines. Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 28(4), 450-453. Retrieved from: http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.lib.kaplan.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=9b9cbb4b-9f33-444c-97e7-7ae16cd77daa%40sessionmgr103&vid=0&hid=112

Moyer, V.A. (2012, June 19). Screening for Cervical Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Clinical Guideline. Annals of Internal Medicine, 156(12), 880-891. Retrieved from: file:///C:/Users/ROGELIOMD/Downloads/cervcancerrs.pdf

Report.nih.gov (2013, March 29). Cervical Cancer. Retrieved from: https://report.nih.gov/nihfactsheets/viewfactsheet.aspx?csid=76

 

Siegel, R., Naishadham, D., & Jemal, A. (2013). Cancer statistics, 2013. CA Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 63:11–30.

 

USpreventiveservicestaskforce.org (2012, March). Final Update Summary: Cervical Cancer: Screening. Retrieved from: https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/cervical-cancer-screening

 

Vesco, K.K., Whitlock, E.P., Eder, M., et al. (2011, May). Screening for Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US). (Evidence Syntheses, No. 86.). Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK66099/

 

Vegunta, S., Kransdorf, L. N., & Mayer, A. P. (2014). Why more is not always better: New Pap Smear Guidelines. Journal of Women’s Health (15409996), 23(1), 105-106. doi:10.1089/jwh.2013.4634. Retrieved from: http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.lib.kaplan.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=67727849-312e-4fe3-ab1a-4b86648175dc%40sessionmgr120&vid=0&hid=112 Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health

MN 576 – Cervical Cancer Essay

Cervical cancer affects the cells in the cervix and the T zone of the cervix (in between the ectocervix and endocervix)

Cervical cancer at one time was the most common cancers affecting women, until 1950s when papanicolaor (pap) smears were introduced. George Papanikolaou was the founder of the pap smear in 1928 after months of observing his wife’s cervical cells under a microscope.

One of the most preventable types of cancer, if found early it is highly treatable

HPV is about 99% of the cause of cervical cancer MN 576 – Cervical Cancer Essay

Cervical cancer is ranked 14
th
in cancer frequency

ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

Cervical Cancer Screening

Cervical cancer screening is recommended for women between the ages of 21- 65 years old and is done to detect abnormal cells (precancerous cells) which can turn into cancerous cells

All women are at risk for cervical cancer but it occurs more often in women over the age of 30 years old.

Cervical cancer affects not only women but their family as well

Since the pap smear was introduced in the 1950s death rates as a result of cervical cancer have reduced by 70%, saving thousands of women from death MN 576 – Cervical Cancer Essay

Cervical cancer screening has declined in the last 10 years and there needs to be more awareness

Cervical Cancer Screening Methods

Liquid based cytology- Cervix cells are scraped and preserved in liquid before sent to lab to be analyzed

Pap smear- Cervical cells are scraped and analyzed under a microscope (Microscope picture)

Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines

Ages 21- 29

Ages 30-65

Age 65- older

Routine pap Q 3 years if results are normal

Routine pap with HPV reflex Q 5 years.  IF HPV positive then screening is done Q 12 months.

Not recommended if hysterectomy was done with removal of cervix and no history of high risk cervical cancer.

If abnormal cells are detected, pap with HPV reflex is done every 12 months until 2 consecutive negative results.

 

Or pap test alone Q 3 years or HPV alone Q 5 years.

MN 576 – Cervical Cancer Essay

 

General Statistics US

53.8% of screening eligible women ages 21-29 was current with their cervical screening in 2016

64.6 % of screening eligible women ages 30-65 years old was current with their cervical screening in 2016

A little of half of women ages 21-29 in the US were up- to-date with cervical screenings MN 576 – Cervical Cancer Essay

2/3 of women ages 30-65 in the US were up-to-date with cervical screening

Steady decrease in the amount of cervical screenings in the last 15 years in the younger age group (25-49), where the incidence rate of cervical cancer cases is highest.

 

 

Racial Disparities Statistics

African American women are 50% less likely to be up to date with cervical screening compared to white women

Asian women are 30 % less likely to be up to date with cervical screening compared to white women

Ethnic minority women are less likely to get cervical screening MN 576 – Cervical Cancer Essay

 

Impact on Women

In the US, 4,000 women die from cervical cancer a year

Ages 35-64 years old with regular screening have a 67% reduction in stage 1 A cancer and a 95% reduction in stage 3 cancer or worse

Cervical cancer currently prevents 70% of cervical cancer related death if done regularly

Cervical screening is responsible for the reduction of 492,000 cases of cervical cancer over the past 3 decades

When screened and detected at an early stage, the 5 year survival rate for invasive cervical cancer is 92%

Issues Impacting Screenings

Cost-
Women without health insurance, living in poverty, or low income are less likely to get cervical cancer screening MN 576 – Cervical Cancer Essay

Cervical cancer screening tests is mandated by the Affordable Care Act as of 2010, but anything prior is not required

Lack of knowledge/ Awareness-
Patients are not aware of the importance of screening for cervical cancer and the risk of not getting screened.

Awareness about cervical cancer and its screenings are lower amongst women from Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic backgrounds

More awareness in the school system or at the health clinics, primary care offices and work places would be beneficial.

Patients think that the HPV vaccines cover them for developing cervical cancer so they opt out of screening.

Fear
– Women are afraid to get screened because of the perceived pain, anxiety or the fear of knowing they have a cancer or abnormal cell growth, so they rather just not know.

Body Image –
35 % of women are opting out of cervical screening because they are embarrassed of their bodies, 38% because of what their vulva looked like and 31% were opting out over smelling ‘normally’. MN 576 – Cervical Cancer Essay

Lack of access to screenings –
Lack of gynecologists in rural areas impaired access to cervical cancer screening. Patients are not willing to travel a few hours to get the care they need.

In order to improve cervical cancer screening rates in clinical settings, sufficient resources for cervical cancer screening need to be allocated in each municipality

Time-
Difficult for women to get off of work, find care for their children, a lot of clinics are not open late or on weekends. MN 576 – Cervical Cancer Essay

Intra uterine device (Mirena) vs Depo-Provera Contraception MN 576 Essay.

Many elements need to be considered individually by a woman, man, or couple when choosing the most appropriate contraceptive method. Some of these elements include safety, effectiveness, availability (including accessibility and affordability), and acceptability. Although most contraceptive methods are safe for use by most women, U.S. MEC provides recommendations on the safety of specific contraceptive methods for women with certain characteristics and medical conditions.

Compare and contrast two forms of contraception including indications, contraindications, side effects, US Medical Eligibility Criteria (USMRC), US Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use (USSPR), affordability, and mechanisms of action. Intra uterine device (Mirena) vs Depo-Provera Contraception MN 576 Essay.

ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

Intra uterine device (Mirena)

Intra uterine devices (IUD) are considered long-acting, reversible contraception (LARC). These types of contraceptives are highly effective since they do not depend on patient’s compliance on a daily basis. Most LARC methods of contraception are appropriate for the majority of women, including adolescents and nulliparous women.

Mechanisms of action: There are two different type of IUD’s, those with hormones and those without hormones. The Mirena is an IUD that contains synthetic hormones that is 99.9% effective and can stay in for up to 5 years (Mirena, 2018). The ParaGard is also an IUD and is 98% effective with no hormone release and can stay in for up to 10 years. For the sake of this review the author will talk about the Mirena. The Mirena is placed in the uterus by a provider. Mirena has several ways of working, it thickening of the cervical mucus and thins out the lining of the uterus due to the hormone release. The actual device itself sperm movement which reducing sperm survival (Patient Information Mirena, 2017).

Indication: Mirena release hormones that prevents pregnancy for up to 5 years. It is also indicated for treatment of heavy menstrual cycles in women who are also choosing to use a contraceptive (Curtis et al., 2016).

Contraindications: The U.S Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraception Use advises that an IUD is contraindicated in women with distorted uterine cavity, current breast cancer the LNG- IUD the copper T is safe, endometrial cancer, gestational trophoblastic disease, current pelvic inflammatory disease, immediate post-septic abortion, postpartum sepsis, STD’s, pelvic tuberculosis, and unexplained vaginal bleeding (Summary Chart of U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2017). Intra uterine device (Mirena) vs Depo-Provera Contraception MN 576 Essay.

Side effects: Side effects include but are not limited to bleeding, and pain after insertion. Possible expulsion after insertion. Changes in menstrual cycle that include spotting between cycles especially during the first 3- 6 months and menstruation may be heavier the first 3 months as well. About 12% of women develop ovaria cysts (Curtis et al., 2016).

USSPR: When a woman has not had her cervix dilatate it can become difficult to insert the Mirena, therefore some providers use Misoprostol to dilatate the cervix for insertion. However, this is noS longer the recommended. It is only indicated who have failed previous insertion (Curtis et al., 2016). Intra uterine device (Mirena) vs Depo-Provera Contraception MN 576 Essay.

Affordability: The manufacturing company is Liletta’s who has strived to make it affordable or all income levels. Unlike a daily contraception method, the Mirena is a onetime cost that includes the providers services. The price to the patient may range depending on their insurance yet an estimated price is about $1000 (Mirena, 2018).

Depo-Provera

Mechanisms of action: Depo-Provera is an injection that is administered every 3 months. It contains medroxyprogesterone acetate that inhibits the secretion of gonadotropins that prevents follicular maturation and ovulation. It thins the endometrial lining; these are the contraceptive effects. It is 94% effective (Highlights of Prescribing Information, 2018). Intra uterine device (Mirena) vs Depo-Provera Contraception MN 576 Essay.

Indications: Depo-Provera clinical indication is to prevent pregnancy. However, it is also used for women who suffer from dysmenorrhea. Since Depo-prover thin the lining of the uterus I can eventually result in amenorrhea (Highlights of Prescribing Information, 2018).

Contraindications: The U.S Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptives Use states that contraindications of the use of Depo-Provera is a current diagnosis of breast cancer. Depo-Provera theoretically or proven risks usually outweigh the advantages in patients who have had past and no evidence of current breast disease for 5 years, severe cirrhosis, nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, other vascular disease or diabetes longer the years, history of stroke, systemic lupus erythematous, unexplained vaginal bleeding (Summary Chart of U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2017).

Side effects: More the 5% of women reported having side effects that include headache, abdominal pain, increased weight gain of more than 10 lb. at 24 months, nervousness, dizziness, decreased libido, irregularities with menstruation. About 1-5% of women reported fatigue, backache, dysmenorrhea, hot flashes, nausea, bloating, edema, leg cramps, depression, insomnia, acne, alopecia, rash, leukorrhea, breast pain and vaginitis (Highlights of Prescribing Information, 2018). Intra uterine device (Mirena) vs Depo-Provera Contraception MN 576 Essay.

USSPR: Depo-Provera can be given at any reasonable time if she meets the criteria of administration. If the injection is given within the 7 first days of menstruation no additional contraceptive is needed. If it is started more then 7 days since menstruation a patient should abstain from sexual intercourse or use another form of contraception (Curtis et al., 2016).

Affordability: Depo Provera starts at about $100 and be as affordable as $40.13 with Good RX. Since the injection is given every 3 months this can be an affordable choice for patients. The administration can be done by the provider medical assistant staff. Just like the Mirena, a patient’s insurance may cover all or some of these costs (Depro Provera, 2018). Intra uterine device (Mirena) vs Depo-Provera Contraception MN 576 Essay.

References

Curtis, K. M., Jatlaoui, T. C., Tepper, N. K., Zapata, L. B., Horton, L. G., Jamieson, D. J., & Whiteman, M. K. (2016). U.S. Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use, 2016. MMWR. Recommendations And Reports: Morbidity And Mortality Weekly Report. Recommendations And Reports, 65(4), 1-66. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr6504a1 ttps://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/rr/rr6504a1.htm?s_cid=rr6504a1_w

Depo Provera. (2018). Good Rx. Retrieved from
https://www.goodrx.com/depo-provera?drug-name=depo+provera

Highlights of Prescribing Information. (2018). Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/020246s036lbl.pdf Intra uterine device (Mirena) vs Depo-Provera Contraception MN 576 Essay

Summary Chart of U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use. (2017). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/contraception/pdf/summary-chart-us-medical-eligibility-criteria_508tagged.pdf

Patient Information Mirena (June, 2017). Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved from
https://labeling.bayerhealthcare.com/html/products/pi/Mirena_PPI.pdf

Mirena. (2018). Good Rx. Retrieved at
https://www.goodrx.com/mirena?drug-name=mirena

 

Response

Miriah, thank you for your insightful response to this week’s discussion board. I chose to read and respond to your post because I spent my time researching Mirena and Depo-Provera. I found it intriguing the exact since behind why combined oral contraception (COC) is contraindicated for patients with dyslipidemia. The study was done on women who were taking COC, 665 hypertensive women and 665 normotensive women. In general, women who have hypertensive have a higher risk of mixed hyperlipidemia or dyslipidemia than those that are normotensive. The study results show that dyslipidemia and the long-term use of COC increase the risk of hypertension, which we know leads to stroke. Results also reviled that patients that took COC longer than 15 years and have dyslipidemia had an increased higher risk of hypertension. The study also offered a solution; if the patient stopped taking the COC then this can be considered an effective antihypertensive measure (Wei et al., 2011). Intra uterine device (Mirena) vs Depo-Provera Contraception MN 576 Essay.

Reference

Wei, W., Li, Y., Chen, F., Chen, C., Sun, T., Sun, Z., & … Ba, L. (2011). Dyslipidaemia, combined oral contraceptives use and their interaction on the risk of hypertension in Chinese women.
Journal of Human Hypertension,
25(6), 364-371. doi:10.1038/jhh.2010.67 Intra uterine device (Mirena) vs Depo-Provera Contraception MN 576 Essay

 

Responses

Debbie, thank you for your response of this week’s discussion. I am glad that you chose to write about the Nexplanon. I don’t know about your clinical rotation but during contraception counseling my provider seems to shy away from having women opt to have this implanted due to the issue. One of the biggest concerns that woman worry about and that they have heard through other friends and family is that the Nexplanon travels. I came across this very interesting case study of a 17 year old female that had the Nexplanon implanted by her general practitioner. She was having irregular bleeding, so the plan was for her to have it removed. Once they went in to remove it the implant was no where to be found. Intra uterine device (Mirena) vs Depo-Provera Contraception MN 576 Essay. The provider contacted the manufacturer who suggested that she have a CT done of her thorax. The CT thorax reviled that the implant had traveled to the left lower lobe of the pulmonary artery branch occluding the pulmonary vessel with no necrosis or infection. The options for removal of the device came with high risk and included a lobectomy. The providers and patient opted to leave the implant in place since it was suspected that the implant had been in her left lower lobe for the last 2 years, since the patient felt it was missing. This is an extreme case yet one that we as new nurse practitioner should take into consideration if we ever implant this device (Barlow-Evans, Jaffer, & Balogun, 2017).

Reference

Barlow-Evans, R., Jaffer, K., & Balogun, M. (2017). Migration of a Nexplanon contraceptive implant to the pulmonary artery. BMJ Case Reports, 2017doi:10.1136/bcr-2017-219259 Intra uterine device (Mirena) vs Depo-Provera Contraception MN 576 Essay

Statistics and the impact of homeless women on women’s health mn576 essay

Homeless Women

Women play an integral role in society and are essentially the backbone to most families. Caring out the duty as the care giver, nurturer, companion, mother and wife, women have a large role to take on. Unfortunately, things occur like poverty, abuse, low paying jobs, lack of access to healthcare and family planning causing these women and their families to resort to a shelter to prevent living in their car or the woods. According to &&&& the majority of homeless people are simply ordinary families who have fallen on difficult times, forced into homelessness, resulting in resuming their normal daily activities out of a shelter.  Homelessness especially in women is a growing unfortunate issue in the United States.  Homelessness is defined as not having an adequate, regular, nighttime residence (**). According to ** women and families are the fastest growing homeless population to date. Homelessness patient are seen every day in hospitals throughout the United States making these patients more vulnerable to developing health problems and increased barriers to care in the community. Homeless women are unlikely to receive medical attention when needed due to  poverty, limited social support, low literacy, fragmented systems, mode of transportation, lack of funds,  and more than likely have suffered from mental health issues, substance abuse, victimization, sexual abuse and homeless histories. Statistics and the impact of homeless women on women’s health mn576 essay.

ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

I chose homeless women as my vulnerable population because I feel there is a lack of awareness with this population. As of 2017, 554,000 people were homeless and 88% of those were females (**).There needs to be more awareness about homeless women because not only is it them, it’s usually their kids they have with them and our involved with this disparity. These patients need reliable care, regular source of health care and social support. Homelessness erodes human spirits and wellbeing causing individuals to become entrapped in feelings of diminished self- worth and hopelessness. Statistics and the impact of homeless women on women’s health mn576 essay.

Statistics and the impact of homeless women on women’s health.

Currently, women are the fastest growing population of the homeless community. *4 % of homeless people are women, and 53% of those homeless women are mothers without a high school education (**). As for Florida, 32,190 people were homeless in 2017 and 2,846 of those were women with children (**).

Lack of access to appropriate health care in homeless women impact women’s health in more ways than other including mental, maternal, prenatal, and preventive Statistics and the impact of homeless women on women’s health mn576 essay. Homeless women are at an increasing risk of poor health outcomes and are less likely to access health care including routine visits or preventive care like mammograms, pap smears, prenatal care, appropriate ambulatory care, and specialty care which can cause further issues down the road. Menstruation occurs every month and access to menstruation products is often limited in homeless women therefore, women who are homeless are more prone to infections caused by unsanitary pads and care during that time. Missing annual pap smears or not having access to health care when a patient may have a sexually transmitted disease (STI) can impact women’s health by causing the patient to potentially infect other people, increase their risk for HIV, increase risk for infertility, and or may become severely systemic leading to death. Statistics and the impact of homeless women on women’s health mn576 essay.

Another impact is access to comprehensive maternal health care can be difficult for homeless women and because of that lack of prenatal care and or unintended pregnancies are higher among homeless women and should be taken into consideration as an impact on women’s health. Prenatal care is not only vital for the baby but also the mother’s wellbeing as it heightens the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes which can be linked to poor physical health and unmet healthcare needs (**). The path to motherhood is expensive for every mom therefore being homeless only puts more strains and stress on mother causing them to miss out on doctor’s appointment and medications. Missing out on prenatal care can also lead to premature babies, low gestational weight, neural tube defects from lack of folic acid and unforeseen complications during labor. Statistics and the impact of homeless women on women’s health mn576 essay.  Women also lack access to care for chronic illnesses that may include hypertension, asthma, anemia, or hyperlipidemia leading to cardiovascular conditions. Not only do these patients physical health need to be monitored, but these patients need to be screened and monitored for psychosocial needs like depression, emotional support, anxiety, and low socio economic status.

 Psychosocial Needs

Psychosocial needs are essentially meeting the needs of an individual’s mental health and social well-being. Evaluating the patient’s mental health, functional ability, cognition/ knowledge, developmental history, social history, suicidal ideations, drug/ alcohol history, and family history are all vital. Homelessness unfortunately affects ones psychosocial well-being and ultimately effects their ability to cope with adversity on a daily basis. Major mental health ailments like depression, anxiety, suicide, schizophrenia are all among the homeless population. Ultimately analyzing the psychosocial needs in this population helps assess the perception of self and the individual’s ability to function in the community. Specifically for the women homeless community, some important psychosocial needs that would need to be analyzed are emotional and mental needs, self- respect, feelings of worthlessness and lack of control over one’s life.  Severe mental illnesses are found among the homeless people especially women not being able to cope with the reality of being homeless. Analyzing these patients and making sure they are coping with their living situation, socio economical status, adjusting to these changes in their lives. Women go through hormonal changes including menopause so assessing depression is vital. Research has proven that suicide and self-harm are prevailing among the homeless population which makes evaluating depression levels and making sure there are no suicidal ideations vital. According to ** Greater than one in four people (26.8%) had considered suicide in the past year. 7.8% had actually attempted suicide in the same period.  Ensuring these patients remain hopeful and optimistic about their future and moving on from being homeless. Statistics and the impact of homeless women on women’s health mn576 essay.

Guilt is an appropriate psychosocial need to analyze, especially if a mother has taken her children and left the father because the relationship was abusive. Making sure these homeless patients still meet their basic needs in order to cope with daily living including emotional and well- being. Evaluating their anxiety level goes with mental status. According to *** deterioration of physical health is closely linked to the psychosocial wellbeing.

Culturally competent care delivery

Homelessness poses many clinical challenges to healthcare providers who provide health services to this population including delivering culturally competent care. As a healthcare provider, it is critical that we are culturally sensitive to our patient but especially to homeless patients and respect their diversity. Being cultural competent applies to knowledge about the population, attitude, and the skills needed to provide the competent care (**).  Unfortunately, when socio-economic status differs from the people we serve its imperative that we learn and take into considerations the challenges they may endure and face living in poverty and being homeless. By being culturally sensitive, it allows us as healthcare providers to build safety and establish the tone for open dialogue. Statistics and the impact of homeless women on women’s health mn576 essay.
 

Culturally and ethically competent care methods

Every healthcare provider has the ability to improve delivering culturally and ethically competent care. It all begins with determining our own strengths and weaknesses in being culturally competent.  As a healthcare provider, some different methods I would use would include not unintentionally stereotyping the patients, labeling the patients, or making assumptions or judgement on these patients. Research and collect relevant cultural data about homelessness, poverty, low literacy and socio economical status would be done prior to delivering care to this population. Taking my time explaining care to these patients avoiding the use of medical terminology and more jargon. Becoming more aware of the different resources in the community which may be beneficial to the patient and seek to understand the social factors that might affect the individual’s health and why they are in this predicament. Statistics and the impact of homeless women on women’s health mn576 essay.

Conclusion

Homelessness in America is a growing epidemic that unfortunately affects the lives of many people including women. People seem to think when people are homeless it just affects them not having a steady to sleep at night, but that is not the case. Homelessness in women affect their psychosocial needs, healthcare needs, prenatal needs, and postpartum needs making them at higher risk of injury and illness and less likely to get appropriate  health care they need . As health care providers that we take the time and care for this vulnerable female population, understand and prevent the risk these patients pose on their health by being homeless all while delivering culturally competent care. Statistics and the impact of homeless women on women’s health mn576 essay.