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HCM_3305 Last Chance Hospital (LCH) Strategic Planning Process Essay

Background Statement

Last Chance Hospital has been well-received by the community it serves with many patients in older age groups as compared to other hospitals within the region. The hospital is located outside San Diego, California in a densely populated area with other health facilities facing operational and financial challenges. Although Last Chance Hospital has had a financially sound history that has seen it remain independent financially over the years, recently, the hospital has started experiencing financial challenges HCM_3305 Last Chance Hospital (LCH) Strategic Planning Process Essay. This has prompted the management to utilize their cash reserves above what the board of trustees recommends.

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There exist numerous gaps within the human resource in the…

Last Chance Hospital—Case for Chapters 5 and 6

Last Chance Hospital (LCH) is a 254-bed, community hospital located in a small, affluent suburb just outside of San Diego, California. The hospital has historically been well-received by the local community, which demographically has a higher concentration of older age groups than most other local areas. The greater San Diego area is densely populated, and over 25 hospitals operate in the larger geographic area. Historically, LCH had always been financially sound, and had managed to remain independent as their local competitors joined larger systems. But that was then, and this is now. HCM_3305 Last Chance Hospital (LCH) Strategic Planning Process Essay About a year ago, Last Chance Hospital undertook a strategic planning process to encompass the next five years. At the time, the hospital was doing okay financially, but was starting to dip into their cash reserves more often than the Board of Trustees liked; LCH was in need of an ideal strategy to bring them ahead of the market before things got out of hand.

As the strategic planner for LCH, Russ Newmarket reported indirectly to the CEO, Marvelous Marvin, but his immediate boss was Courtney Graveyard—and she had a lot on her plate. LCH did not have a chief nursing officer, and as COO, Graveyard was responsible for all of the nursing departments as well as surgical services, facilities, and information technology. A nurse by background, Graveyard spent the majority of her time trying to find different ways to recruit much-needed nursing staff HCM_3305 Last Chance Hospital (LCH) Strategic Planning Process Essay.

During the development of the strategic plan, Russ called together the usual group of senior executives, Board members, and key physician leaders. He diligently developed the SWOT using their input and applying their assumptions. During his market research, Russ became aware of some patient-centric trends emerging across the country, but he was also aware that LCH had always strategically catered more to physicians due to the notion that physicians were the ones who ultimately referred patients to the hospital. Through the strategy development process, it became clear that senior management was stuck on this physician-centric mindset. Russ, ambitious and eager to make a name for himself, found and presented valid information that concurred with management’s mindset. At the end of the planning process, Marvelous Marvin felt confident that their physician-focused strategy would give them a market lead—the plan was to attract more surgeons—and increase OR volumes. Graveyard was under intense pressure from Marvelous Marvin to make sure the operating rooms were as efficient as possible to handle the planned increase in volume, as OR efficiency would be a key recruitment issue for surgeons. The LCH physician recruiter was under the gun as well. The remainder of the executive staff breathed a collective sigh of relief that their areas were not part of the strategic initiative. Russ suspected LCH needed more of a strategy than attracting new surgeons, but he convinced himself that senior management knew best HCM_3305 Last Chance Hospital (LCH) Strategic Planning Process Essay.

After the Board approved the strategic plan, Graveyard immediately met with her OR Director and charged him with increasing the efficiency of the ORs. She then turned her focus back to her first love, nursing. The physician recruiter hit the ground running, developing an elaborate plan to increase surgeon recruitment. From all appearances, LCH was on a roll. HCM_3305 Last Chance Hospital (LCH) Strategic Planning Process Essay.

Over the next several months, the OR Director was able to reduce the OR’s operating budget by 13%, a result that made Marvelous Marvin very happy. At the same time, Graveyard made great strides in increasing LCH’s exposure to and status in the nursing community, and was able to decrease the nursing vacancies by over 6%. In a time of nursing shortages, the Board was impressed with Graveyard’s results. The physician recruiter was having only moderate success at recruiting surgeons, however, and her targeted volume projections were noticeably under budget. Marvelous Marvin approved her request to increase her staff, adding approximately $250,000 to her budget line. Overall, patient volumes were steadily decreasing at what was becoming an alarming rate, and thus the financial picture for LCH was in critical condition. Marvelous Marvin couldn’t help but wonder aloud, “Why isn’t the LCH strategic plan working?”

 

CASE STUDY WRITE-UP

Prepare a written report of the case using the following format.

Background Statement

What is going on in this case
as it relates to the identified major problem
? What are (only) the key points the reader needs to know in order to understand how you will “solve” the case? Summarize the scenario in your own words—do not simply regurgitate the case. Briefly describe the organization, setting, situation, who is involved, who decides what, and so on. HCM_3305 Last Chance Hospital (LCH) Strategic Planning Process Essay.

Major Problems and Secondary Issues

Specifically identify the major and secondary problems. What are the real issues? What are the differences? Can secondary issues become major problems? Present analysis of the causes and effects. Fully explain your reasoning.

Your Role

In a sentence or short paragraph, declare from which role you will address the major problem, whether you are a senior manager, departmental manager, or an outside consultant called in to advise. Regardless of your choice, you
must
justify in writing
why
you chose that role. What are the advantages and disadvantages of your selected role? Be specific.

Organizational Strengths and Weaknesses

Identify the strengths and weaknesses that exist
in relation to the major problem
. Again, your focus here should be in describing what the organization is capable of doing (and not capable of doing) with respect to addressing the major problem. Thus, the identified strengths and weaknesses should include those at the managerial level of the problem. For example, if you have chosen to address the problem from the departmental perspective and the department is understaffed, that is a weakness worthy of mentioning. Be sure to remember to include any strengths/weaknesses that may be related to diversity issues.

Alternatives and Recommended Solutions

Describe the two to three alternative solutions you came up with. What feasible strategies would you recommend? What are the pros and cons? State what should be done—why, how, and by whom. Be specific.

Evaluation

How will you know when you’ve gotten there? There must be measurable goals put in place with the recommendations. Money is easiest to measure; what else can be measured? What evaluation plan would you put in place to assess whether you are reaching your goals?

TIP:
Write this section as if you were trying to “sell” your proposed solution to the organization. Convince the reader that your proposed solution is the best available and that it will work as planned. Make sure the goals you identify are worth the effort required to achieve them! HCM_3305 Last Chance Hospital (LCH) Strategic Planning Process Essay.

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

CASE STUDY: Report on LCH hospital Strategic Planning Process.

 

Background Statement

Last Chance Hospital has been well-received by the community it serves with many patients in older age groups as compared to other hospitals within the region. The hospital is located outside San Diego, California in a densely populated area with other health facilities facing operational and financial challenges. Although Last Chance Hospital has had a financially sound history that has seen it remain independent financially over the years, recently, the hospital has started experiencing financial challenges. This has prompted the management to utilize their cash reserves above what the board of trustees recommends.

There exist numerous gaps within the human resource in the hospital management such as the lack of a Chief Nursing Officer that is a setback to how day to day operations are held. The Chief Operating Officer; Courtney Graveyard faces challenges in overseeing nursing departments, surgical facilities, services, information technology and recruitment of nursing staff.

As the strategic planner for Last Chance Hospital, Russ Newmarket had the task of ensuring that the financial and human resource challenges starting to be experienced by Last Chance Hospital are done away with. The strategic planning team of Board members, senior executives, and key physician leaders made a decision that was physician-focused after a SWOT analysis, in an aim to attract more surgeons since majority referred patients to the health facility. However, this strategy was not the best for the meantime since market research conducted by Russ established patient-centric trends across the country.

Although the hospital was able to record reduction in OR operating budgets and vacancies in nursing, overtime, patient volumes started to decrease rapidly at a rate that was not only alarming but also had serious implications to the financial status of Last Chance Hospital. Evidently, this is a revelation that the strategic plan developed by the select committee failed to work with serious reasons thus leading to the failure of the whole system of Last Chance Hospital.

Major Problems and Secondary Issues

The major issue, in this case, is that Last Chance Hospital has begun digging into its cash reserves to finance its 5-year strategic plan. As opposed to the previous years, the hospital has stopped being financially stable and is currently operating on a financial instability that threatens its sustainability and future operations (Buchbinder & Shanks, 2013). There is also no division of labor and Graveyard, who is a nurse by profession has to discharge the duties of the Chief Operating Officer for the hospital. Instead of working as the chief unstring officer for the hospital, she is forced to spend the majority of her time thinking of how to recruit extra nurse staff for the hospital.

The hospital, through Russ also used a wrong approach in developing a strategic plan that ignored other critical areas touching on the hospital operations.  The usual group comprising of executives and physician are the ones who were actively involved in the strategic planning process, leaving out the nurses (Moseley, 2015). The physician-centric mindset took over the patient-centric trend made Russ over ambitious and more focused to make a name for himself. So instead of focusing on how best to come up with a valuable strategic plan, he worked on an idea that could capture the mindset of the management.

Lack of organization is also a major issue in this case. LCH hospital is planning on how to increase OR volumes by increasing the number of operations, the efficiency of operations and the number of surgeons, yet it goes ahead to cut the OR budget by 13%. It is clear that such a move will not work in favor of the strategic plan approved by the directors but instead hamper its implementation. All the goals of this strategic plans require additional funding for them to be achieved (Zuckerman, 2014). Thus, it is expected that once the hospital has settled on such a goal in its strategic plan, then the OR budget should be increased.

The secondary problem, in this case, is the understaffing and diversity in the hospital. It is also a secondary issue concern that the patient volumes were decreasing constantly despite the strategic planning envisaging an increase in their number due to the improved OR department.  The financial state of LCH deteriorated because the hospital lacked the revenue to fund its operations after the expansion in its strategic plan was implemented. This clearly explains the key issue in the case which is a strategic plan that is not working as planned.

The gaps noted within the human resource in the hospital management plays a critical role in ensuring efficiency in service delivery. Lack of a Chief Nursing Officer in Last Chance Hospital is not only a setback to how day to day operations are held but also a challenge to the Chief Operating Officer; Courtney Graveyard,  in overseeing nursing departments, surgical facilities, services, information technology and recruitment of nursing staff.

The difference between the major problem and the secondary problem is that the secondary problems arise from the inconveniences caused by the major problems. For instance, when the hospital fails to incorporate all key stakeholders in its strategic planning, SWOT analysis, and other decision-making processes, it basically gives room for the emergence of the secondary problems such as decreasing patients numbers and reduced revenue.

The secondary problems, in this case, have the potential of turning out to be the major problems in case they are not solved in time (Zuckerman, 2014). The staff deficiency at the hospital has the potential of causing a strained workforce that cannot deliver as per the expectation of the management. Besides, it has the potential of hindering the effective delivery of services, which will, in turn, affect the number of patients attended to and visiting the hospital. As a result, this secondary problem will lead to reduced revenue, thus putting the hospital in a finical crisis. That way, the secondary problem shall have turned out to be a major problem.

An analysis of the causes of the major and secondary problems shows that relying on assumptions and the urge to satisfy self-assertion and the top management is to blame for the problems (Zuckerman, 2014). All along, Russ did not focus on solving the real issues affecting the hospital. Instead, he focused on satisfying the mindset of the executive by recommending what was only good in their imagination. The effects of this move is that the strategic plan did not work as expected since it was impractical in totality

My Role

I would address the current problem in Last Chance Hospital as a departmental manager. I choose this role since it provides the opportunity to talk to some of the patients who seek health care services at Last Chance hospital from the Department of Clinical services hence know some of the factors that largely contribute to the decrease in patients from their shared experiences and reasons (Moseley, 2015). Advantages of my role are that I have the opportunity to interact one on one with the client hence provision of firsthand information from those affected.

The disadvantage is that, even though direct contact with the clients is facilitated, it is hard to convince a client to continue getting services at the facility when he/she has made the decision not to. In addition, since the hospital has many departments, I am not in a position to influence much change due to client dissatisfaction in another department. In this case, the protocol has to be followed, which time is consuming.

Organizational Strengths and Weaknesses

The strength of the organization is that it is strategically located in a suburb and the good reputation it has been getting from the locality. It has the diversified workforce and different department within its operations. The dense population also provides a good market for the hospital. It is therefore capable of handling any number of patients and all kinds of patient’s needs (Zuckerman, 2014). However, the organization faces weaken in understaffing, lack of sufficiency trained physicians and nurses, working on budgetary constraints and facing financial instability. This means that the hospital cannot work outside its budget nor can it operate sustainably to provide efficient services to its patients.

Alternatives and Recommended Solutions

An alternative that LCH would have considered implementing is involving all stakeholders in the SWOT analysis, strategic planning. It should also consider various market segments in its market research so as not to focus on only one market of operations but rather have a diversified market that brings on board patients with different needs. Other alternatives are the goals of increasing nurse staff, increasing the budgetary allocation for OR and the nursing staff and giving more attention to the nurse demand (Shi, 2014). Also, patient-centric needs and physician-centric demands are better alternatives that LCH can implement for success in its operations

The feasible strategy recommendation that would help improve the situation at LCH is to have a chief nursing officer take charge of the recruitment process. It is also recommended that during strategic planning, the focus must be put to the interest of the hospital with preference given to the future of the hospital. This means that personal interest, assumptions, and egos must be left out of the strategic planning process and conduct the recruitment and budgeting on a need basis. These recommendations are good because they will help seal all the gaps that made the strategic plan fail. The pros of this strategy are that it will be focused towards solving the major and secondary problems and the key issues outlined in the case of LCH. However, its cons is that will attract extra costs in terms of implementation, thus increasing the overall operational cost and budgetary allocations (Shi, 2014).

Evaluation

Performance indicators are the best way of knowing that the objective and missions of LCH have been achieved. Thus, looking at the performance indicators against the strategic plan is a good way of knowing that the hospital has indeed gotten where it had planned to be. The outcomes of the implementation undertaken by the LCH must also be compared with the initial targets and plans to measure how effective the goals have been meeting (Hillestad & Berkowitz, 2013). This will help the management to make recommendations in areas where improvement is needed. By identifying the areas that showed poor performance, a recommendation on how to correct the mistakes noticed is made. On the other hand, the areas that showed outstanding performance against the targets and goals are improved to maintain such performance.

Apart from measuring the money spent and collected from the Operation Room in the hospital, customer satisfaction, efficiency of service delivery and the number of patients served are also goals that are measurable in this case. An evaluation plan that can be put in place is a constant review, monitoring the performance and implementation of the goals and making a recommendation (In Austin, In Bentkover & In Chait, 2016).  This evaluation plan will help identify the best means of reaching the goals of the hospital as well as providing recommendations on how to overcome any challenge faced in the course of implementing the recommendations.

This proposed solution provides the best available evaluation plan that it will help the management of LCH to work as planned and achieve the goals outlined in its strategic plan. For instance, the goals of increasing nurse staff, increasing the budgetary allocation for OR and the nursing staff and giving more attention to the nurse demand, patient-centric needs, and physician-centric demands are worth the effort required to achieve them. HCM_3305 Last Chance Hospital (LCH) Strategic Planning Process Essay.

References

Buchbinder, S. B., & Shanks, N. H. (2013).
Fundamentals of Strategic Planning for Healthcare

Organizations

Hillestad, S. G., & Berkowitz, E. N. (2013).
Healthcare market strategy: From planning to

action
. Burlington, Mass: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

In Austin, J., In Bentkover, J., & In Chait, L. (2016).
Leading strategic change in an era of

healthcare transformation
.

Moseley, G. B. (2015).
Managing healthcare business strategy
. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and

Bartlett.

Shi, L. (2014).
Managing human resources in healthcare organizations
. Sudbury, Mass: Jones

and Bartlett Publishers.

Zuckerman, A. M. (2014).
Healthcare strategic planning
. Chicago IL: Health Administration

Press. HCM_3305 Last Chance Hospital (LCH) Strategic Planning Process Essay.

Cost accounting for healthcare organizations Essay

Understanding basic accounting principles is imperative to the health care manager role. Reading a balance sheet and recognizing the importance of cash flow are skills that are compulsory to this function. With this in mind, discuss the following:

Discuss the most important headings in a balance sheet and what the summary numbers mean.

Explain 4-5 reasons why cash flow is important to a health care organization.

Use 2 references to validate your response. 
Validation
means that references have been used to prove your assertions and statements. Academic work is not what is thought to be true, but is what is researched to be true. Cost accounting for healthcare organizations Essay.

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The Most Significant Titles in a Balance Sheet and What the Summary Indicate

As a manager of a healthcare facility, it is important to poses the knowledge of accounting and the basic accounting principles so as to effectively discharge the functions of a healthcare manager. The understanding of the balance sheet is imperative to ensure that the assets and liabilities of the healthcare organization are properly managed and maintained in good condition. This calls for the healthcare manager to properly read and comprehend a balance sheet and recognize the significance of cash flow.

The name of the organization details the type of entity the balance sheet refers to. The title heading illustrates the type of financial statement and its significance (Finkler & Ward, 2015). The date heading illustrates the financial period the statement refers to while the unit measure illustrates the currency which the values in the balance sheet have been valued. The asset heading shows the value of all what the health care organization own while the liabilities heading shows the amount the organization owes its creditors. The stockholder’s equity heading illustrates what capital was invested into the healthcare facility by the equity owners. Cost accounting for healthcare organizations Essay.

The significance of Cash Flow To a Health Care Organization.

Cash flow statement is a statement that revelers the source of revenue of a health care facilities and the nature of expenses the cash was used to offset. Being an important document for a healthcare facility, cash flow statement will help the healthcare managers identify the exact locations where money is spent in delivering services, thus channeling funds to the areas that need more services.

Also, the statements help the healthcare organizations to cost for health care services to justify their claim for reimbursements from payers and funders (Finkler, Ward & Calabrese, 2012). This way, the healthcare managers will identify the equipment needed and lease them depending on their demand Cost accounting for healthcare organizations Essay.

Cash flow statement also helps in accelerating the mode of cash collection to finance their operating activities. It helps the health care facilities set the correct bills to identify areas that consume a huge amount of funds but face delay in payments for the services provided (Finkler & Ward, 2015). As a result, the healthcare facilities will timely bill and collect all revenue due to the organization to ensure a steady flow of cash and income. It also enables the healthcare managers to effectively negotiate contracts so that only the procedures that are beneficial to the patient and cost-effective to the organization are ordered.

Cash flow statement also helps the managers of health care facilities to deploy and distribute their healthcare equipment in departments that generate high margin. This will prevent cases of organizations holding idle equipment that, thus increasing costs of maintenance, repair and holding or storage (Young, 2013).  It is only through higher margins that a health care facility will be in a position to have a positive cash inflow to finance its daily operations and administrative expenses Cost accounting for healthcare organizations Essay.

Healthcare organization also need a cash flow statement to restructure the costs they incur in provisions of procedures that are very expensive. This allows the facilities to identify the best formula that can be used to apportion costs and claim reimbursements Finkler, Ward & Calabrese, 2012). It also allows the managers of the healthcare facilities to identify the best way of cost-sharing the expensive procedures so as to avoid locking out many patients out of the procedures. As a result, the healthcare facilities will avoid incurring losses after offering the expensive procedures since they will convince the suppliers to reduce the costs of supply.

 

References.

Young, D. W. (2013).
Management accounting in healthcare organizations
. San Francisco, CA:

Jossey-Bass.

Finkler, S. A., Ward, D. M., & Calabrese, T. D. (2012).
Accounting fundamentals for healthcare

management
. Sudbury, Mass: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Finkler, S. A., & Ward, D. M. (2015).
Cost accounting for healthcare organizations: Concepts

and applications
. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publishers. Cost accounting for healthcare organizations Essay

Financial Management in Healthcare Organizations Essay

As a health care manager, daily management tasks include financial management. Financial management includes items such as labor cost, equipment cost, and a budget that controls the operations. Operations requires management planning and control. The budget is created using the basic financial information and accounting principles information that an organization reports in its monthly, quarterly, and annual financial reports.

After learning the basics of financial statements, it is very important for a health care manager to understand the basic five areas of performance that set the financial plan for the organization Financial Management in Healthcare Organizations Essay. Define and provide an example of what the following mean:

Short-term solvency

Activity

Financial leverage

Profitability

Value

Define the following terms, and explain why they are important in a health care organization:

Current ratio

Total asset turnover

Debt ratio

Profit margins

Include a minimum of 2 reference

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Financial Management in Healthcare Organizations

Introduction

Financial management in a healthcare organization is an important aspect that determines the success of the operational activities of the facility. Any healthcare organization must thrive on sound financial management to ensure that it can finance all its administrative and operational costs. For sustainability of these facilities, a health care manager will be required to perform certain tasks on a daily basis to keep the institution operating efficiently. Financial Management in Healthcare Organizations Essay.

The key management tasks that a healthcare manager must deliver promptly include management of the financial resources of the healthcare facility. Financial management in a healthcare facility entails ascertaining all the items relating to the labor cost, equipment cost, and the operational budget. It is, however, important to note that effective operation of healthcare facilities require proper management planning and control. Financial Management in Healthcare Organizations Essay. Besides, the operational budget is created in conformity to the basic financial information and accounting principle just like other entities in different sectors of the economy

The basic areas of performance that define the performance of a healthcare facility are the profitability and efficiency ratios that must be incorporated into the organization’s financial plan. Below are the definitions and explanation of the significance of various profitability and efficiency ratios that the management of a healthcare organization must acquaint them with to achieve efficient and healthy performance.

Financial Performance Areas in a Healthcare Organization

Short-term solvency

Short-Term Solvency

This refers to a metric ratio which is utilized in the measurement of the ability of a healthcare institution to meet its debts with the inclusion of other obligations to achieve the short-term financial goals (Berger, 2008). Short-term Solvency ratio is a good indication as to whether the cash flow of a healthcare organization is self-sufficient to ensure that it meets its liabilities in both the long terms and short-term aspects. Therefore, with reference to a healthcare organization, the lower the solvency ratio it is likely to have, and the increased the probability that, the healthcare institution will default in its obligations to meet the long-term and short debts. There exist various types of short-term solvency ratios within a healthcare organization.

These include but not limited to; ratios of interest coverage, debt to equity ratios and total debt to total assets ratio. A healthcare facility operating under short-term solvency can easily finance its administrative and operational expenses with the revenue collected from the service offered without relying on insurance reimbursements and donations from other charitable entities Financial Management in Healthcare Organizations Essay. To obtain this ratio, the current assets and liabilities are key requirements. For instance, if a healthcare organization has assets amounting approximately to $20,000,000 whereas its liabilities amount to $10,000,000, the short-term solvency ratio results to 1.2.

Activity

This refers to the day to day actions which take into consideration production, distribution, and utilization of services in a healthcare setting. Therefore, the actions that will be taken to ensure that medical services are provided to meet the healthcare needs of patients will largely form the activity (McLean, 2003). The efficiency with which a healthcare organization runs its activities can be ascertained through calculation of activity ratios Financial Management in Healthcare Organizations Essay.

This involves estimation of the ability of a healthcare facility to turn its liabilities, capital and assets into either sales or cash. For the sake of efficiency and sustainability, a healthcare facility is required to increase the values of its activity ratios. Examples of activity ratios that a healthcare facility management needs to understand include accounts receivable turnover, inventory turnover, and total assets turn over. All these activity ratios are measures against the sales of the healthcare facility in terms of revenue earned from the provisions of healthcare services.

The significance of activity ratios is that they help the management of the healthcare facility to identify the best way of managing the operations of the facility for sustainability. Once the management of a healthcare facility has identified the areas that register fewer activity ratios, it takes the necessary measures to improve the values, thus increasing its sustainability. Examples of these activities include performing diagnostic tests, performing surgery, providing medication to patients’ in both inpatient and outpatient care setting among others. Financial Management in Healthcare Organizations Essay.

Financial leverage

Financial leverage in the context of a healthcare facility may also refer to the difference between the assets and liabilities of the healthcare facility (Berger, 2008).  A healthcare facility with more assets than its liabilities is said to be highly leveraged as compared to a healthcare facility that has more liabilities than assets. In this regard, a healthcare facility will require the knowledge of financial leverage to effectively manage its assets and liabilities to avoid cases of collapsing in the process of offering its services.  It is also referred to as trading on equity.

The significance of financial leverage to a healthcare facility is that it gives the entities an opportunity to monitor its assets alongside its liabilities for effective performance. Financial Management in Healthcare Organizations Essay. A perfect example is an instance whereby, a hospital utilizes cash amounting to $1,500,000 and goes ahead to borrow $ 3,500,000 for the purchase of medical equipment and supplies, amounting to a total cost of $5,000,000. Therefore, for such an instance, what is being used as financial leverage control by the hospital is $ 5,000,000 of medical supplies and equipment with its money of $1,500,000.

Profitability

Profitability in a healthcare setting refers to a measure which determines the range of the profits made by a healthcare organization relative to its size. Moreover, profitability can be well-defined as the possibility of a healthcare organization to achieve a return on investment as grounded on its resources and activities (McLean, 2003).The significance of profitability of a healthcare facility is basically the difference between the revenue earned from the healthcare services offered and the expense incurred in financing the operational and administrative overheads. Financial Management in Healthcare Organizations Essay.

A healthcare facility is obliged to operate within its limits to ensure that it remains sustainable. None the less, it has to spend less than it charges for the service so as to earn a substantial income that will be used to finance its sustainable operations in future. More profitable healthcare facilities tend to be more stable and sustainable, unlike healthcare facilities that record less profitability in their operations. For instance, when the margin of net profit of a healthcare organization is more than one, then the healthcare organization can be considered to have profitability.

Value

The financial worth of a healthcare organization, liabilities, assets and services that it provides is referred to as value (Berger, 2008). The value of a healthcare facility also refers to the total net worth of its equipment, facilities premises and other research and development projects it has initiated. It is a significant aspect of the healthcare organization because it distinguishes it from other competitors, thus allowing patients to make decisions on whether to seek medical services from it or its competitors. Values of healthcare facility depend on professional estimates done by professional with vast knowledge and experience in the healthcare environment Financial Management in Healthcare Organizations Essay.

The significance of value to a healthcare facility in promoting sustainability cannot, therefore, be ignored in any way. Majority of the healthcare facilities with high-end health equipment and facility and highly trained specialist healthcare professionals is regarded as a very valuable healthcare institution in the society. This improves the reputation of the facility; leading to more patients attended to thus more revenue earned which in turn leads to sustainable growth. As an example, the value of a healthcare organization is defined by expenses it suffers, worth of its properties and the loss or profits made in the daily provision of services.

Economic terms frequently used in finance management in a healthcare organization

Current ratio

The current ratio is defined an efficiency liquidity ratio which is used a measure in the determination of a healthcare organization to pay short-term requirements. Just as the definition depicts, the ratio only considers current assets and current liabilities as possessed by a healthcare organization (McLean, 2003) Financial Management in Healthcare Organizations Essay. The importance of a current ratio to a healthcare organization cannot be underestimated since it is the determinant of the liquidity of a healthcare organization to pay liabilities in the short term.

A healthcare facility with the high current ratio is more liquid since it can easily pay all its current liabilities with the help of its current assets. On the other hand, a healthcare facility with a lower current ratio is less liquid because its liabilities are more than its current assets and thus the facility has to rely on other sources of finance to fully settle its current liabilities. Financial Management in Healthcare Organizations Essay The significance of current ratio to a healthcare facility is that it enables the healthcare facility to effectively plan how to offset its liabilities and assents without operating out of its budget. Therefore, by the use of the current ration, a healthcare organization is in a position to estimate its ability to settle its liabilities with attention to critical financial issues that may be faced at a particular given time.

Total asset turnover

This is a financial ratio which is the determinant of the proficiency of a healthcare organization to utilize its assets in terms of generating revenue (McLean, 2003). A healthcare organization which maximizes on its available assets to ensure that more revenue is generated for the organization to facilitate its efficient performance is financially healthier in comparison to that healthcare organization which does not maximize full use of its assets to generate revenue. Financial Management in Healthcare Organizations Essay.

Total asset turnover is an indicator ratio which can be used to determine the efficiency of a healthcare organization in the deployment of its assets so as to generate revenue. A higher total asset turnover ratio is a performance indicator that a healthcare organization generates more revenue per asset. Since profit margins in a healthcare organization can also be determined by the total asset turnover, it is, therefore, possible for to determine mechanisms in which performance and general operations can be improved.

Debt ratio

Healthcare organizations incur debts just as any other well-established business organization. Therefore, debt ratio refers to a financial ratio which measures the extent of leverage of a healthcare organization. It can also refer to the total ratio of the total debts in both the short term and the long term to total assets conveyed in form of a percentage (Berger, 2008).  A high debt ratio for a healthcare organization is an indication of its high leverage which implies a great financial risk for such an organization. Alternatively, this can be denoted as the proportion of the assets of a healthcare organization which are financed by debts Financial Management in Healthcare Organizations Essay. In this manner, debt ratio can be used by a healthcare organization management to estimate its debts and plan for payment accordingly.

Profit margins

Profit margin is associated with the gains made by a healthcare organization from day to day operations in relation to expenses and revenues. It is defined as a degree of the amount by which returns made from sales exceed incurred costs irrespective of a minimum limit on the excess made (McLean, 2003). Financial Management in Healthcare Organizations Essay A healthcare with high-profit margin is more stable sustainable. It is in a position to earn more income from its operation, which can be used to improve the quality of healthcare provided.

More profitability also indicates that a healthcare facility is in apposition to finance research on chronic disease without relying on donors. The significance of profitability to healthcare facilities is, therefore, to help the organization remain afloat throughout their operations. For instance, one of the activities that take place in a hospital is dispensing of medicine at different prices. In consideration of the dispensing of a drug at a cost of $30 whose purchase price was $25, the total amount of revenue that is made from the sale of each unit of such a medicine amounts to $5. Expressing this revenue amount in terms of profit margin is equivalent to 25%. Financial Management in Healthcare Organizations Essay.

References

Berger, S. (2008). 
Fundamentals of healthcare financial management: A practical guide to fiscal issues and activities
. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

McLean, R. A. (2003). 
Financial management in healthcare organizations.
Clifton Park, NY:       Delmar Learning. Financial Management in Healthcare Organizations Essay

Discussion: Organizational Fit Essay

What does it mean to “fit” within an organization? In considering nurse recruits, how important is it for a potential nurse hire to share the beliefs and values of the organization? Yet, is fit important in all areas? In what ways might different perspectives on quality nursing be welcome in a healthcare setting?

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These are all questions to consider as you prepare for this first Discussion. As a nurse executive, imagine interviewing three candidates for a specific job. The details of the position are not provided, only an assessment of each candidate’s basic qualifications. Consider your responses and perspectives on each candidate and how the concept of fit factors in your decision making. Discussion: Organizational Fit Essay.

To Prepare:

Review the Learning Resources. Pay particular attention to information that explains the role of nurse executives in recruitment and selection of employees and guidance for determining applicant qualifications, such as stages of ability in developing specific skills.

Consider the following scenarios of three candidates (A, B, and C) to interview. As a nurse executive, how would you view each?

Candidate A has all the necessary competencies but discussion, during the personal interview, suggests that the individual may not be a team player or open to working in a collaborative environment.

Candidate B lacks some of the necessary competencies but demonstrates clear evidence of being a team player and is comfortable in a collaborative environment. Discussion: Organizational Fit Essay.

Candidate C went to the same nursing school as you and, as you speak, you realize your social networks overlap as you know many of the same people, professionally and personally. This candidate lacks several of the necessary competencies for this position.

Consider the challenge of assessing both fit and technical qualifications when interviewing candidates and making hiring decisions. Are there situations where there is a tradeoff between fit and technical qualifications? If so, how might such a situation present itself?

Reflect on the potential for rater bias in this scenario. To what extent would you be drawn to the candidate with whom you can best identify? How do you assess the truthfulness of a candidate’s responses to questions? How much would you consider other explanations, such as nervousness, in assessing why the first candidate did not seem like a team player? How do you assess the validity of the interview information, including how you weigh different selection criteria?

Decide which candidate you would hire, and why Discussion: Organizational Fit Essay.

Consider your reasoning for not hiring each of the other candidates.

Post the following:

*A brief explanation of which candidate you would hire, and why. Explain what qualities you would give the most consideration and how your hiring decision relates to either good fit or bad fit for the organization. Also, explain your strategies for assessing the validity of interview information and for avoiding rater bias. Be specific and provide examples, with support from the Learning Resources or other current literature. Discussion: Organizational Fit Essay

Brainstorming the Business Case Discussion Essay

Discussion: Brainstorming the Business Case

As a nurse, you may be accustomed to wearing many hats, including healthcare provider, educator, counselor, and confidant. The hat that may be a less familiar fit is that of “salesperson.”

A nurse’s drive to advocate for their patients often leads to the development of creative solutions to improve care. Bringing these solutions from idea to reality often requires the development of a business case, which will sell leadership on the idea. As any salesperson will advise, a key to an effective sales pitch is to clarify the benefits to the buyer Brainstorming the Business Case Discussion Essay.

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An effective business case must clarify the benefits of the proposal, highlighting what is to be gained by the organization if the proposal is pursued. This often includes financial, competitive, and strategic benefits, among others.

For this Discussion, you share ideas for a healthcare product or service that addresses gaps or provides opportunities within your healthcare organization.

To Prepare

*Review this module’s Resources focused on business plans and systems thinking in healthcare organizations.

*Identify one or more individuals within your organization to act as “finance counselor” with whom you can consult on financial and budget items, such as costing, estimating, and budget request processes. Brainstorming the Business Case Discussion Essay.

With these thoughts in mind:

Post a statement describing at least one gap and/or opportunity for enhanced services or approaches within your healthcare organization. For each gap or opportunity, identify one possible solution, applying systems thinking to your approach. Be sure to address financial (including budgetary) impacts of your solutions, consulting as needed with your finance counselor. Brainstorming the Business Case Discussion Essay.

Measurement of Performance; Quality Assurance, Peer Review

Discussion for Module 7 – Measurement of Performance; Quality Assurance, Peer Review

7 7 unread replies. 7 7 replies.

The topic for this week is regarding measuring the performance of APNs (and PAs, if they are to be part of your health system):

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1. How are you going to measure performance in general?

2. Are you going to include peer review in assessing performance? Be sure to address the readings regarding the pros and cons of peer reviews.

3. How are you going to ensure that APNs (and perhaps PAs) will address the issues related to cultural diversity and patient care? Measurement of Performance; Quality Assurance, Peer Review

NURS 6051 Week 1 Discussion – To err is human sample essays

In nursing, there are many times we rely on data. The American Nurses Informatics Association’s mission statement is “to advance nursing informatics through education, research, and practice in all roles and settings.” Without crucial data such as vital signs, lab work, radiographic readings, and other useful technology, how can healthcare professionals perform their jobs effectively and treat patients? How does staff communicate pertinent data? Electronic medical records such as Meditech and Epic keep staff up to date on patients and their status. Poor patient outcomes would be the result of incomplete and incompetent data.

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There is a scenario that comes to mind when a patient’s life depended on how I interpreted the data after his surgical procedure (kidney stone removal). After the patient arrived from recovery, he started shivering uncontrollably. Yes, that can be a common side effect of anesthesia, but that is usually immediately post-operatively. Noticing the intense shivering, I took his temperature, and it read 106 degrees Fahrenheit. I then rechecked it due to the insanely high number. Heart rate was in the 110s to 115s, and blood pressure was dangerously low in the 60s over 30s. With my knowledge and nursing background, I immediately thought of urosepsis. I notified the rapid response team, and ancillary departments arrived at our unit to assess and gather the appropriate diagnostics tests. We increased his fluids and started antibiotics NURS 6051 Week 1 Discussion – To err is human sample essays.

Without noticing his shivering and taking his temperature, urosepsis would have taken over his body, and this patient could have quickly perished. His lactate level was an eight, which indicates organ failure. This patient did end up in the ICU but soon recovered due to my quick actions and responding to his vital signs. In nursing, we rely on various machines and devices to provide feedback on a patient’s condition. This feedback then interprets the appropriate care needed and plan of action for this patient.

Before this class, I did not know Nursing Informatics was an actual concept that pertained to me. However, now that I have learned the concepts of informatics in nursing practice, I realize that I integrate informatics every day. Nagle, Sermeus, and Junger (2017) stated that a wide array of emerging technologies and increases in data analytics make the integration of informatics imperative into every area of nursing NURS 6051 Week 1 Discussion – To err is human sample essays. While working in the field of nursing, new technology is always emerging. Therefore, it is critical to keep up on the latest research and grow our knowledge. This scenario is where we, as nurses, integrate informatics into our practice.

According to our readings, McGonigle and Mastrian (2017) described knowledge as an awareness and understanding of a set of information and ways that information is useful to support a specific task or arrive at a decision. My patient above, I went by what his vitals were telling me, and I quickly made an action plan gained from knowledge with past experiences. NURS 6051 Week 1 Discussion – To err is human sample essays.

References

American Nurses Informatics Association. (2020). https://www.ania.org/about-us

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K.G. (2017). Nursing Informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Barlett Learning.

Nagle, L., Sermeous, W., & Junger, A. (2017). Evolving Role of the Nursing Informatics Specialist. Evolving Role of the Nursing Informatics Specialist, 212-221.

SECOND SAMPLE DISCUSSION

Week 1 discussion 6051N

Clear The Err

Taking into consideration the article released by the Institute of medicine parentheses (IOM) parentheses, and bringing awareness surrounding patient safety parenthesis( Plawecki & Amrhein,, 2009). As human mistakes are bound to happen: as a society, we must learn from those mistakes. Sharing information is important to improvements patient safety. The way we share the information should be done in a concise, safe and easy to use manner. The capital IOM was influential in bringing awareness to the need for an increase in accountability for patient safety comes outcomes. Thus, the birth of the electric electronic medical record charting in the advancement of technology integration into the healthcare field. Health care systems now have a more standard size system in place that protects patients. While technologies can be overwhelming to use at times, it can help protect patients in improve patient safety outcomes(Plawecki & Amrhein, 2009) NURS 6051 Week 1 Discussion – To err is human sample essays.

Quality Chasm: Current Role

I worked in the area to focus on training and past experiences. The manager would often say do it the way you were trained. The staff will comment this is how we have always done it. The manager was not a nurse, and I had a concern with this as she could not understand the implications of certain actions as it related to patient safety and nursing. Most of the action were not evidence-based practice. However, move into an inpatient. There has nurse managers and nursing educators have made a difference in the way care is delivered. The focus now is on evidence based practice. When practices and policies are change, staff is updated and give information about what evidence shows (Wakefelid,2008).

References:

Plawecki, L. H, Amrhein, D. W. (2009). Clearing the err.. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 35(11), 26-29. Retrieved from https://web-a-ebscohost-com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org

Walkfeild, M.K. (2008). The Quality Chasm series: Implications for nursing. In R.G. huges €, Retrieved from https://class.waldenu.edu/bbcswebdav. NURS 6051 Week 1 Discussion – To err is human sample essays.

Building a Comprehensive Health History Essay

PATIENT:

55-year-old Asian female living in a high-density public housing complex:

•

• How would your communication and interview techniques for building a health history differ with each patient?

• How might you target your questions for building a health history based on the patient’s social determinants of health?

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• What risk assessment instruments would be appropriate to use with each patient, or what questions would you ask each patient to assess his or her health risks?

• Identify any potential health-related risks based upon the patient’s age, gender, ethnicity, or environmental setting that should be taken into consideration Building a Comprehensive Health History Essay.

• Select one of the risk assessment instruments presented in Chapter 1 or Chapter 5 of the Seidel’s Guide to Physical Examination text, or another tool with which you are familiar, related to your selected patient.

• Develop at least five targeted questions you would ask your selected patient to assess his or her health risks and begin building a health history.

By Day 3 of Week 1

Post a summary of the interview and a description of the communication techniques you would use with your assigned patient. Explain why you would use these techniques. Identify the risk assessment instrument you selected, and justify why it would be applicable to the selected patient. Provide at least five targeted questions you would ask the patient. Building a Comprehensive Health History Essay.

Practice Experience: Applying Measurement Tools to a Practice Problem

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Conduct a collaboration interview with two or three key leaders in your practice setting to determine the measures for your practice problem and associated challenges impacting measurement for your practice problem (include confidentiality, anonymity, access issues, etc.). Perform an existing evidence review on your practice problem and search for evidence that demonstrates how your practice problem is measured across the country.

Post a description of the measures identified from the interviews, the challenges to obtaining the data that were discussed, and a summary of how this quality indicator is measured in the literature. Discuss any gaps in the data that were identified and additional sources that might be needed to obtain this data. Be sure to support your practice problem with the literature that indicates the relevance of this problem for nursing practice. Provide evidence from practice and data that is available. Practice Experience: Applying Measurement Tools to a Practice Problem.

HLT-308V Organizational Risk Management Interview

Organizational Risk Management Interview

The purpose of this assignment is to gain real-world insight into how risk management programs operate within health care organizations.

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Select a local health care organization where you can conduct an interview with an employee who is involved in risk management processes. This organization can be your current employer or a different health care facility in your community. Acute care, urgent care, large multi‐provider private medical clinics, assisted living facilities, and community/public health clinical facilities are all ideal options to complete the requirements of this assignment. Select an individual who can provide sufficient information regarding how their organization manages risk within its facility to answer the questions below. HLT-308V Organizational Risk Management Interview.

In your interview, address the following:

Risk management strategies used in the organization’s risk control program, along with specific examples.

How the facility’s educational risk management program addresses key professional, legal, and ethical issues, such as prevention of negligence, malpractice litigation, and vicarious liability.

Policies the facility has implemented that address how to manage emergency triage in high‐risk areas of health care service delivery (e.g., narcotics inventories, declared pregnancy policies, blood-borne disease sector, etc.).

Challenges the organization faces in managing and controlling high-risk health care (e.g., infectious diseases, nuclear medicine, abortion, class 4 narcotics/opioids, etc.) HLT-308V Organizational Risk Management Interview.

Strategies the facility utilizes to monitor, evaluate, and maintain compliance within its risk management program.

After conducting the interview, compose a 750‐1,000 word summary analysis of the interview that includes the questions above, in conjunction with the interviewee’s responses. In addition, include the following elements in your response:

An assessment of the organization’s risk management program, including how it attends to high-risk health care and legal concerns.

Action steps you would take to improve one area of the organization’s risk management program, along with your rationale for doing so.

Cite appropriate references as needed to support your statements and rationale.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

 

Course Code

Class Code

Assignment Title

Total Points

HLT-308V

HLT-308V-O500

Organizational Risk Management Interview

150.0

Criteria

Percentage

1: Unsatisfactory (0.00%)

2: Less Than Satisfactory (65.00%)

3: Satisfactory (75.00%)

4: Good (85.00%)

5: Excellent (100.00%)

% Scaling

100.0%

Risk Management Strategies Used in the Risk Control Program

10.0%

Risk management strategies used in the risk control program are not included.

Risk management strategies used in the risk control program are partially incorporated, but the information provided is incomplete, inaccurate, or otherwise deficient.

Risk management strategies used in the risk control program are present, but minimal detail or support is provided for one or more components.

Risk management strategies used in the risk control program are described in full. The submission encompasses essential details and provides appropriate support.

Risk management strategies used in the risk control program are comprehensive. The submission incorporates analysis of supporting evidence insightfully and provides specific examples with relevance. Level of detail is appropriate.

How the Risk Management Program Addresses Key Professional, Legal, and Ethical Issues

10.0%

A description of how the risk management program addresses key professional, legal, and ethical issues is not included.

A description of how the risk management program addresses key professional, legal, and ethical issues is partially incorporated, but the information provided is incomplete, inaccurate, or otherwise deficient.

A description of how the risk management program addresses key professional, legal, and ethical issues is present, but minimal detail or support is provided for one or more components.

A description of how the risk management program addresses key professional, legal, and ethical issues is complete. The submission encompasses essential details and provides appropriate support.

A description of how the risk management program addresses key professional, legal, and ethical issues is comprehensive, supported by detailed, relevant examples. Level of detail is appropriate.

Facility Policies for Managing Emergency Triage in High-Risk Areas of Health Care Service Delivery

10.0%

An explanation of the facility policies for managing emergency triage in high-risk areas of health care service delivery is not included.

HLT-308V Organizational Risk Management Interview

An explanation of the facility policies for managing emergency triage in high-risk areas of health care service delivery is partially incorporated, but the information provided is incomplete, inaccurate, or otherwise deficient.

An explanation of the facility policies for managing emergency triage in high-risk areas of health care service delivery is present, but minimal detail or support is provided for one or more components.

An explanation of the facility policies for managing emergency triage in high-risk areas of health care service delivery is described in full. The submission encompasses essential details and provides appropriate support.

An explanation of the facility policies for managing emergency triage in high-risk areas of health care service delivery is present and comprehensive. The submission incorporates analysis of supporting evidence insightfully and provides specific examples with relevance. Level of detail is appropriate.

Challenges the Organization Faces in Managing and Controlling High-Risk Health Care

10.0%

A description of the challenges the organization faces in managing and controlling high-risk health care is not included.

A description of the challenges the organization faces in managing and controlling high-risk health care is partially incorporated, but the information provided is incomplete, inaccurate, or otherwise deficient.

A description of the challenges the organization faces in managing and controlling high-risk healthcare is present, but minimal detail or support is provided for one or more components.

A description of the challenges the organization faces in managing and controlling high-risk health care is complete. The submission encompasses essential details and provides appropriate support.

A comprehensive description of the challenges the organization faces in managing and controlling high-risk health care is provided. The submission incorporates analysis of supporting evidence insightfully and provides specific examples with relevance. Level of detail is appropriate.

Strategies the Facility Utilizes to Monitor and Maintain Its Risk Management Program

10.0%

A description of the strategies the facility utilizes to monitor and maintain its risk management program is not included.

A description of the strategies the facility utilizes to monitor and maintain its risk management program is partially incorporated, but the information provided is incomplete, inaccurate, or otherwise deficient.

A description of the strategies the facility utilizes to monitor and maintain its risk management program is present, but minimal detail or support is provided for one or more components.

A description of the strategies the facility utilizes to monitor and maintain its risk management program is complete. The submission encompasses essential details and provides appropriate support.

A description of the strategies the facility utilizes to monitor and maintain its risk management program is comprehensive. The submission incorporates analysis of supporting evidence insightfully and provides specific examples with relevance. Level of detail is appropriate.

Assessment of the Risk Management Program Inclusive of Health and Legal Concerns HLT-308V Organizational Risk Management Interview

15.0%

An assessment of the risk management program inclusive of high-risk health care and legal concerns is not included.

An assessment of the risk management program inclusive of high-risk health care and legal concerns is partially incorporated, but the information provided is incomplete, inaccurate, or otherwise deficient.

An assessment of the risk management program inclusive of high-risk health care and legal concerns is present, but minimal detail or support is provided for one or more components.

An assessment of the risk management program inclusive of high-risk health care and legal concerns is described in full. The submission encompasses essential details and provides appropriate support.

An assessment of the risk management program inclusive of high-risk health care and legal concerns is comprehensive. The submission incorporates analysis of supporting evidence insightfully and provides specific examples with relevance. Level of detail is appropriate.

Proposed Action Steps to Improve the Risk Management Program Inclusive of Rationale

10.0%

An inventory of the proposed action steps to improve the risk management program inclusive of rationale is not included.

An inventory of the proposed action steps to improve the risk management program inclusive of rationale is partially incorporated, but the information provided is incomplete, inaccurate, or otherwise deficient.

An inventory of the proposed action steps to improve the risk management program inclusive of rationale is present, but minimal detail or support is provided for one or more components.

An inventory of the proposed action steps to improve the risk management program inclusive of rationale is described in full. The submission encompasses essential details and provides appropriate support.

An inventory of the proposed action steps to improve the risk management program inclusive of rationale is comprehensive. The submission incorporates analysis of supporting evidence insightfully and provides specific examples with relevance. Level of detail is appropriate.

Thesis Development and Purpose

5.0%

Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim.

Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague. Purpose is not clear.

Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose.

Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose.

Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.

Argument Logic and Construction

5.0%

Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources.

Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility.

Argument is orderly but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis.

Argument shows logical progression. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative.

Clear and convincing argument presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.

Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)

5.0%

Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used.

Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register) or word choice are present. Sentence structure is correct but not varied.

Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct and varied sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are employed.

Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. The writer uses a variety of effective sentence structures and figures of speech.

Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.

Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)

5.0%

Template is not used appropriately, or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.

Appropriate template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken. A lack of control with formatting is apparent.

Appropriate template is used. Formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present.

Appropriate template is fully used. There are virtually no errors in formatting style.

All format elements are correct.

Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style

5.0%

Sources are not documented.

Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.

Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present.

Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct.

Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.

Total Weightage

100%

HLT-308V Organizational Risk Management Interview