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Which of the following is not considered an extrinsic cause
of hydronephrosis?
a. Ureteral stricture
b. Pregnancy
c. Neurogenic bladder
d. Uterine leiomyoma

Chronic use of hemodialysis can result in:
a. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
b. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
c. Multicystic dysplastic kidney disease
d. Acquired renal cystic disease

Clinical findings of glomerulonephritis include all of the
following except:
a. Proteinuria
b. Throat infection
c. Azotemia
d. Hypercalcemia

Clinical findings of nephrocalcinosis include all of the
following except:
a. Urinary tract infections
b. Urinary calculi
c. Hyperparathyroidism
d. Weight loss

Which of the following renal conditions is associated with
the development of cysts within the pancreas and liver?
a. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
b. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
c. Multicystic dysplastic kidney disease
d. Acquired renal cystic disease

A stone that completely fills the renal pelvis is referred
to as a:
a. Calculus granulosis
b. Staghorn calculus
c. Twinkle stone
d. Nephrocalcinotic calculus

Which of the following locations is the most common location
for a urolithiasis to become lodged?
a. Ureteropelvic junction
b. Midureter
c. Urethra
d. Ureterovesicular junction

All of the following are associated with Conn syndrome
except:
a. Adrenal adenoma
b. Hypertension
c. Excessive thirst
d. Thinning arms and legs

When internal bleeding is suspected, what laboratory value
is useful for a sonographer to evaluate?
a. Hematocrit
b. Blood urea nitrogen
c. Androgenic hormone
d. Alkaline phosphatase

The syndrome associated with hypertension, hyperglycemia,
obesity, and an adrenal mass is:
a. Edwards syndrome
b. Cushing syndrome
c. Juliet syndrome
d. Hirschsprung syndrome