Category: Nursing

Screening and Reliability

From the U.S. Preventive Task Force website 
https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/BrowseRec/Index (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
, choose one screening test that might be considered in primary care.

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Define the test, its positive predictive value, reliability and validity. Discuss patient medical or family history that may alter your recommendation for screening?

Search entries or author. Screening and Reliability.

pathophysiology and pharmacology nursing essays

DQ 5.1

Choose a medical condition from the cardiovascular system and lymphatic system and explain the pathophysiology changes that may occur. What patient education would need to be included related to this disorder? Choose a medical condition different from that of your fellow students.

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DQ 5.2

Select a medication used in evidence-based treatment guidelines for the condition chosen in the first discussion question. Share the mechanism of action of this medication and hints for monitoring, side effects, and drug interactions of which one should be aware. Make sure that you select a different medication than your peers. Include the name of the medication in the subject line so that the medications can be followed pathophysiology and pharmacology nursing essays. Include your references in APA style.

DQ 6.1

Choose a medical condition from the gastrointestinal or genitourinary systems and explain the pathophysiology changes that may occur. What patient education would need to be included related to this disorder? Choose a medical condition different from that of your fellow students. pathophysiology and pharmacology nursing essays.

DQ 6.2

Select a medication used in evidence-based treatment guidelines for the condition chosen in the first discussion question. Share the mechanism of action of this medication and hints for monitoring, side effects, and drug interactions of which one should be aware. Make sure that you select a different medication than your peers. Include the name of the medication in the subject line so that the medications can be followed. Include your references in APA style pathophysiology and pharmacology nursing essays.

DQ 7.1

Choose a medical condition from the neurological, musculoskeletal, or integumentary system and explain the pathophysiology changes that may occur. What patient education would need to be included related to this disorder? Choose a medical condition different from that of your fellow students.

DQ 7.2

Select a medication used in evidence-based treatment guidelines for the condition chosen in the first discussion question. Share the mechanism of action of this medication and hints for monitoring, side effects, and drug interactions of which one should be aware. Make sure that you select a different medication than your peers pathophysiology and pharmacology nursing essays. Include the name of the medication in the subject line so that the medications can be followed. Include your references in APA style.

DQ 8.1

Choose a medical condition from the endocrine system and explain the pathophysiology changes that may occur. What patient education would need to be included related to this disorder? Choose a medical condition different from that of your fellow students.

DQ 8.2

Select a medication used in evidence-based treatment guidelines for the condition chosen in the first discussion question. Share the mechanism of action of this medication and hints for monitoring, side effects, and drug interactions of which one should be aware. Make sure that you select a different medication than your peers. Include the name of the medication in the subject line so that the medications can be followed. Include your references in APA style pathophysiology and pharmacology nursing essays.

Create a 7-8 slide presentation with speaker notes about a selected disease process and drug class. The presentation should provide content specific information on the selected disease process and drug class for staff or students in a clinical environment.

Follow these steps:

1.Select a disease process and a drug class used to treat the disease process.

2.Describe pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug related to the pathophysiology of the disease process. pathophysiology and pharmacology nursing essays.

3.Describe the product, its intended use, side effects, adverse reactions, and safety issues.

4.Identify ethnic, cultural, and genetic differences in patients that may affect the safety or efficacy of medications.

5.How would you monitor the desired effect is achieved?

Be sure to include three to five references.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion pathophysiology and pharmacology nursing essays.

Nursing Literature Review Essay Assignment

Literature Review Assignment: Save Link Assignment Literature Review View Rubric Due Date: Mar 10, 2018 Max Points: 100 Details:

While the implementation plan prepares students to apply their research to the problem or issue they have identified for their capstone change proposal project, the literature review enables students to map out and move into the active planning and development stages of the project.

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A literature review analyzes how current research supports the PICOT, as well as identifies what is known and what is not known in the evidence. Students will use the information from the earlier PICOT Statement Paper and Literature Evaluation Table assignments to develop a 750-1,000 word review that includes the following sections:

1-Title page

2-Introduction section

3-A comparison of research questions

Nursing Literature Review Essay Assignment

4-A comparison of sample populations

5-A comparison of the limitations of the study

6-A conclusion section, incorporating recommendations for further research

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin Nursing Literature Review Essay Assignment. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

Apply Literature Review Assignment Rubrics

Literature Review 1 Unsatisfactory 0.00% 2 Less than Satisfactory 75.00% 3 Satisfactory 79.00% 4 Good 89.00% 5 Excellent 100.00% 80.0 % Content 10.0 % Introduction An introduction is not present. An introduction is present, but it does not relate to the body of the paper. An introduction is present, and it relates to the body of the paper. There is nothing in the introduction to entice the reader to continue reading. An introduction is present, and it relates to the body of the paper. Information presented in the introduction provides incentive for the reader to continue reading. An introduction is present, and it relates to the body of the paper. Information presented in the introduction is intriguing and encourages the reader to continue reading. 20.0 % Comparison of Research Questions No comparison of research questions is presented. A comparison of research questions is presented, but it is not valid. A cursory though valid comparison of research questions is presented. A moderately thorough and valid comparison of research questions is presented. A reflective and insightful comparison of research questions is presented. 20.0 % Comparison of Sample Populations No comparison of sample populations is presented. A comparison of sample populations is presented, but it is not valid. A cursory though valid comparison of sample populations is presented. A moderately thorough and valid comparison of sample populations is presented. A reflective and insightful comparison of sample populations is presented. 20.0 % Comparison of the Limitations of the Study No comparison of the limitations of the study is presented. A comparison of the limitations of the study is presented, but it is not valid. A cursory though valid comparison of the limitations of the study is presented. A moderately thorough and valid comparison of the limitations of the study is presented. A reflective and insightful comparison of the limitations of the study is presented. 10.0 % Conclusion and Recommendations for Further Research No conclusion and recommendations for further research are presented. A conclusion and recommendations for further research are presented, but they are not valid. A conclusion and recommendations for further research are valid, but they are cursory. A conclusion and recommendations for further research are valid and moderately thorough. A conclusion and recommendations for further research are reflective and insightful. 15.0 % Organization and Effectiveness 5.0 % Thesis Development and Purpose Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim. Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague. Purpose is not clear. Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose Nursing Literature Review Essay Assignment. Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose. Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear. 5.0 % Argument Logic and Construction Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources. Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility. Argument is orderly, but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis. Argument shows logical progressions. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative. Clear and convincing argument that presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative. 5.0 % Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use) Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used. Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register), sentence structure, or word choice are present. Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used. Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used. Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English. 5.0 % Format 2.0 % Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment) Template is not used appropriately or documentation format is rarely followed correctly. Template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken; lack of control with formatting is apparent. Template is used, and formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present. Template is fully used; There are virtually no errors in formatting style. All format elements are correct. 3.0 % Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style) Sources are not documented. Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors. Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present. Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct. Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error. 100 % Total Weightage Nursing Literature Review Essay Assignment.

endocrine system pathophysiology essay

DQ 8.1

Choose a medical condition from the endocrine system and explain the pathophysiology changes that may occur. What patient education would need to be included related to this disorder? Choose a medical condition different from that of your fellow students.

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DQ 8.2

Select a medication used in evidence-based treatment guidelines for the condition chosen in the first discussion question. Share the mechanism of action of this medication and hints for monitoring, side effects, and drug interactions of which one should be aware. Make sure that you select a different medication than your peers. Include the name of the medication in the subject line so that the medications can be followed. Include your references in APA style endocrine system pathophysiology essay.

neurological, musculoskeletal, or integumentary system conditions pathophysiology

DQ 7.1

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Choose a medical condition from the neurological, musculoskeletal, or integumentary system and explain the pathophysiology changes that may occur. What patient education would need to be included related to this disorder? Choose a medical condition different from that of your fellow students.

DQ 7.2

Select a medication used in evidence-based treatment guidelines for the condition chosen in the first discussion question. Share the mechanism of action of this medication and hints for monitoring, side effects, and drug interactions of which one should be aware. Make sure that you select a different medication than your peers. Include the name of the medication in the subject line so that the medications can be followed. Include your references in APA style neurological, musculoskeletal, or integumentary system conditions pathophysiology.

Nursing and Counseling Theories essay

Select one nursing theory and one counseling theory to best guide your practice in psychotherapy.

Explain why you selected Psychoanalysis/Psychodynamic Theory and Peplau’s nursing theory. Support your approach with evidence-based literature within last five years.

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Develop at least three goals and at least three objectives for the practicum experience in this course.

Create a timeline of practicum activities based on your practicum requirements listed below.

Week 2:You will write about two clients from a family you observed or counseled. (Assignment to be submitted by Day 7 of Week 4)

Week 3: You will complete a comprehensive client family assessment. (Assignment to be submitted by Day 7 of Week 4) Nursing and Counseling Theories essay.

Week 5: You will write about two clients from a family you observed or counseled and explain whether solution-focused or cognitive behavioral therapy would be effective with the family. (Assignment to be submitted by Day 7 of Week 7)

Week 7: You will write a progress note and privileged psychotherapy note for the client family you assessed in Week 3 for the comprehensive client family assessment. (Assignment to be submitted by Day 7 of Week 7.)

Week 8: You will write about two clients you observed or counseled during a group therapy session and explain whether cognitive behavioral therapy would be effective with the group. (Assignment to be submitted by Day 7 of Week 10)

Week 10: You will write about two clients you observed or counseled during a group therapy session for children and adolescents. (Assignment to be submitted by Day 7 of Week 10)

Week 10: You will write a client termination summary for a client who is ready to complete group therapy. (Assignment to be submitted by Day 7 of Week 11) Nursing and Counseling Theories essay.

UNIVERSAL HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS: CANADA VS UNITED STATES

Compare and contrast Health Care in the United States to that of Canada. Included should be a comparison of: history, mortality and morbidity, services, access, financing, resources, regulation. Your paper should be written utilizing APA format, no more than 5 pages in length (excluding references and cover page), typed, double spaced and follow proper standards of English.

Human Health Psychology

INSTRUCTIONS

Title Page

Overview

1. Statement of the hypothesis investigated or purpose of the article.

2. Brief review of relevant past research, assumptions, or theory.

Content

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1. List the key ideas presented in the article.

2. Briefly describe the research methodology used (if appropriate)

3. Findings and interpretations.

Conclusions

1. Integration with textbook content

2. Brief statement of what you have learned from the article

Reference Page – Do NOT use ANY nonprofessional journal references in your Human Health Psychology paper.

-Be scientific. Model your writing on the writing on the writing style of the journal article you are reviewing. Every sentence should be either clearly your opinion, obviously common sense, or cited in the text.

-Integrate and synthesize what you are reading. Reserve your opinions for the final section.

-Avoid quoting. Quotes should very rarely ever be necessary. It’s your job to integrate and synthesize what you have read.

-Avoid gross general grammatical errors (examples: apostrophe where inappropriate, sentence fragment, flawed sentence structure invalidating the meaning of a sentence).

-Avoid misspelled words (this would not include words with multiple acceptable spelling such as counsel(l)ing, this would include misspellings such as too when two was intended).

-Avoid incontrovertible stylistic APA errors (examples: failing to italicize the volume of a journal in a reference, use of a clear anthropomorphism such as “the purpose of the article is,” this does not include stylistic issues where multiple solutions are possible or where the APA style guide is unclear) Human Health Psychology.

-Avoid editing errors (examples: repeating words, failing to indent a paragraph, failing to capitalize the first word of a sentence).

-Avoid unsupported or misattributed statements in paragraphs prior to the final paragraph (examples: stating that group A engages in a particular behavior without crediting a supporting source, stating that group A engages in a particular behavior when the content of the reviewed article contradicts such a statement, stating that group A engages in a particular behavior and citing the wrong source as support)

-Avoid overstated generalizations prior to final paragraph (unsupported means you have no data or reference to support your generalization, example: all dogs love to play fetch, or all cats like to be scratched behind their ears). Human Health Psychology.

 

Social Control Factors

Overview

The purpose of this article is to bring to light the relationship between health and the social control factors like social status, social support, and stress. Social support and social status may affect health both positively and negatively; however, pressure has only the negative implications, and hence we should try to avoid it at all costs. We also realize that some of these social control factors are related, for example, depending on the social status of someone, his/her level of stress may either reduce or rise tremendously. In most cases, social support serves to control the level of stress of a person by lowering it. Social relations are necessary for an individual’s relationships and it is not part of luxuries. Critical social determinants of health are social status and social support whereby social status works vertically in that they determine how an individual will respond to stress Human Health Psychology. Social status is a vertical aspect of determinants of health and people only interact with those of their standards: low social status may expose one to more stress (Beck 2007).

According to Beck (2007), social support can be divided into about four elements, which are more meaningful, and hence it is not a monolithic construct. Informational support is the advice given to a person or guidance that is majorly knowledge based and that would help someone solve a problem. Instrumental support is the help given to someone regarding material things and may include providing a means of transport to a health center; another example is providing monetary assistance to someone to solve his/her problems and hence getting rid of the stress that could otherwise cause him/her more questions. Social companionship, on the other hand, leaves someone feeling that you share their issues and that you are in solidarity with them and hence distracting them from their stresses, develops an optimistic mood and thus getting rid of the problem. Emotional support gives a sense of self-worth to the person no matter his/her failures; here it is mainly encouraging someone so that they do not feel useless and as a result elevating their moods and getting rid of stress. Human Health Psychology.

Contributions of different types of social support on health

All types of human interactions can be placed into two categories, that is, status and solidarity. In situation the principal members of a group exercise some privileges over those down the hierarchy; for example, the dominant ones are greater in some skills and therefore are senior, and as a result take control of almost all the resources, which may lead to the latter being deprived of essential elements. For example in a family where there is a sole bread winner, the other members of the family have no say in what the meal is going to be, in some cases the meal may not be balanced and hence imposing nutritional dangers to the juniors, standing a risk of infection to diseases like Tay sach’s disease, Wilson’s disease, and jaundice. Young children may suffer from malnutrition. Solidarity is where individuals relate laterally, and the most important aspect here is a similarity. For people of similar social back, grounds give companion to each other creating a sense of belonging. People sharing a common origin would make each different feel that someone is sharing in their problems and that encourages them to keep off stress Human Health Psychology.

Self-esteem and affiliation may be controlled by the environment. Beck (2007) states that a research conducted by asking women of two groups question related to situations that provoked their anger found that about half of the first team talked about esteem issues, while nearly half of the second teamwere angered with affiliation issues. Issues related to frustrations were affecting approximately 30% of all the women. Socially, these factors affect the female gender more compared to their male opponents. Low self-esteem may result into stress that would be as serious as to lead to depression; however, if an individual is given appropriate emotional support, the problem might be solved, as this will elevate it to a higher level.

Social interactions may influence immune response of both man and animals. These interactions include social hierarchies and social support. According to Beck (2007), research has shown that following a defeat, lower animals like the fish would exhibit an inhibited immune response for about days to weeks and higher animals, on the other hand, will show little or no immune suppression. Social support will affect individuals in the same way. People with social support are usually healthier and have a stronger immune response in contrast to their cohorts who live an isolated lifestyle. This works mainly by buffering the stressors, which may otherwise lead to hypertension, gastric ulcers, muscle weakness, and exposure to some physical ailments.

The effects of the social status on the response to stress were determined by studies carried out on both animals and humans. The primary animal use was the wild baboons where a young male baboon who has reached sexual maturity leaves his troop of origin where security is guaranteed and joins a foreign troop. This transition becomes painful most especially because he may fail to fit into his force of choice and hence rejected by the others. The baboon in his desperations may be accepted by the low members of the army of interest, but even at that he is kept at the periphery and deprived of everything that is his including food. The baboon’s health may stand out, and if so then he may challenge the dominant members of the troop where people enjoy food of their choice and improved mating partners and hence show good health traits while those lower in the hierarchy show signs of chronic stress (Beck, 2007) Human Health Psychology.

The social structures of humans in contrast to animals is much more complicated. Poverty is a risk factor for the health of people as it may lead to reducedb nutrition, inadequate housing as some people may be forced to live in the slums where there are poor drainage and poor sanitation that may increase the chances of disease transmission. Poverty may also lead to lack of access to medical care and air and water pollution and increased crime rates that may also be risk factors and may lead to high mortality rates as. In contrast, the rich people have exposure to excellent health services and proper drainage systems that reduce their risk of disease transmission.

Beck (2007) says that social support has a relationship with immunity in both man and animals. Social support affects people differently. For instance, those with more social ties are less prone to pregnancy complications as well as diseases like arthritis; and it may also lead to a quick recovery after an accident or surgery. Similarly, in a community where there are a lot of children, there are low chances of diagnosing high blood pressure Human Health Psychology. Also, other factors such as marriage and belonging to a denomination as well as other aspects of social support are predictors of mortality rates even when all other factors are put into consideration. However, relationships like unhappy marriages lead to cognitive stress and depression, and in such cases, there is no social support according to Beck (2007).

There is a relationship between stress response and the health of an individual as we have earlier discussed, and if the reaction to stress is persistent, then it may lead to health complications. Beck (207) says that other social status and social support are correlated in response to stress and health status, and therefore both can be used in the control of social, as well as physical environments. However, there are other factors that may cause illness and social interactions which may later lead to stress. Local norms of the society, for example, may expose individuals to stress due to their gender, in most cases, women undergo the stresses due to male chauvinism. Also, we see that social support works best for people who do not have deformities.

Social support influences the behavior of a person by altering psychological functioning. They also affect the way the stressors occur and can relieve someone of a stressful situation. Social support and status can mitigate stress under certain circumstances. For example, during disasters and calamities, a lot of people are displaced, and that leads to losing of home by many citizens, security stress, lack of food and many other things that might be a threat to one’s health. Those who have higher social status do find shelter food and support from their neighbors and their many friends hence relieving them of their problems and thus have a lower risk of getting ill or suffering from depression. On the other hand, those with little social status are displaced and forced to stay out in the cold, and even go hungry with no one to come to their rescue. Due to harsh environmental conditions, stress, and lack of proper nutrition, they are at a very high risk of attack by diseases. Similarly, during the crisis, people with a senior social status and those respected like the church leaders receive some favors. Human Health Psychology.

Those who are already ill can recover faster than usual in the presence of social support as compared to those who are in isolation with no one to care for them. Also high social status can be a guarantee to better medication. For example, when there is a strike of medical personnel most of the public hospitals either do not work, or the services are very poor, and emergency services are prolonged. In cases when one fall ill of severe ailments like cancer, those of high social status will either take their people for medication in private health facilities or otherwise go abroad for treatment while their poor counterparts die for lack of money and support (Beck, 2007). There are additional factors that can affect health even though they also contribute to the status of a person, stress and hence control. For example, possession of knowledge and resources lead to a higher control.

Status and support are the major controllers of the environment. Individuals with high social status will always be surrounded by people who just want to offer their support or those who wish to share their leisure. On the other hand, those with low status are left in isolation due to their tight work schedule and hence limited leisure time, which leaves them feeling alone and it triggers the production of a lot of stressors and epinephrine that are a threat to one’s health.

Conclusion

Many factors can lead to an individual’s response to support, and as such, it depends on the beholder. Sex also determines an individual’s response to stress for example females may respond to pressure by producing oxytocin which is inhibited by the androgens of a male. For this reason,females are prone to react to pressure by “fight or flight” ways. Neither humans nor animals struggle to elevate their socials status or get social support for health purposes but survival means. Most individuals are not even concerned by the health effects that come as a result of this social support; however, we learn that we should keep our relationships and marriages healthy as this would determine the level of our stresses and hence our health.

Reference

Beck, L. (2007). Social status, social support, and stress: A comparative review of the health consequences of social control factors.
Health Psychology Review
, 1(2), 186-207.

INSTRUCTIONS

Title Page

Overview

1. Statement of the hypothesis investigated or purpose of the article.

2. Brief review of relevant past research, assumptions, or theory.

Content

1. List the key ideas presented in the article.

2. Briefly describe the research methodology used (if appropriate)

3. Findings and interpretations Human Health Psychology.

Conclusions

1. Integration with textbook content

2. Brief statement of what you have learned from the article

Reference Page – Do NOT use ANY nonprofessional journal references in your paper.

-Be scientific. Model your writing on the writing on the writing style of the journal article you are reviewing. Every sentence should be either clearly your opinion, obviously common sense, or cited in the text.

-Integrate and synthesize what you are reading. Reserve your opinions for the final section.

-Avoid quoting. Quotes should very rarely ever be necessary. It’s your job to integrate and synthesize what you have read.

-Avoid gross general grammatical errors (examples: apostrophe where inappropriate, sentence fragment, flawed sentence structure invalidating the meaning of a sentence).

-Avoid misspelled words (this would not include words with multiple acceptable spelling such as counsel(l)ing, this would include misspellings such as too when two was intended) Human Health Psychology.

-Avoid incontrovertible stylistic APA errors (examples: failing to italicize the volume of a journal in a reference, use of a clear anthropomorphism such as “the purpose of the article is,” this does not include stylistic issues where multiple solutions are possible or where the APA style guide is unclear)

-Avoid editing errors (examples: repeating words, failing to indent a paragraph, failing to capitalize the first word of a sentence).

-Avoid unsupported or misattributed statements in paragraphs prior to the final paragraph (examples: stating that group A engages in a particular behavior without crediting a supporting source, stating that group A engages in a particular behavior when the content of the reviewed article contradicts such a statement, stating that group A engages in a particular behavior and citing the wrong source as support)

-Avoid overstated generalizations prior to final paragraph (unsupported means you have no data or reference to support your generalization, example: all dogs love to play fetch, or all cats like to be scratched behind their ears) Human Health Psychology.

Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V
.

Case Study Healing and Autonomy

Details:

Write a 1,200-1,500 word analysis of “Case Study: Healing and Autonomy.” In light of the readings, be sure to address the following questions:

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Under the Christian narrative and Christian vision, what sorts of issues are most pressing in this case study? Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V.

Should the physician allow Mike to continue making decisions that seem to him to be irrational and harmful to James?

According to the Christian narrative and the discussion of the issues of treatment refusal, patient autonomy, and organ donation in the topic readings, how might one analyze this case?

According to the topic readings and lecture, how ought the Christian think about sickness and health? What should Mike as a Christian do? How should he reason about trusting God and treating James Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V?

Prepare this 
Case Study Healing and Autonomy
 assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This 
Case Study Healing and Autonomy
 assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this 
Case Study Healing and Autonomy
assignment
to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V.

PHI 413V Week 5 Assignment

Religious View of Euthanasia

Details:

The practice of health care providers at all levels brings you into contact with people from a variety of faiths. This calls for knowledge and acceptance of a diversity of faith expressions.

The purpose of this paper is to complete a comparative ethical analysis of George’s situation and decision from the perspective of two worldviews or religions: Christianity and a second religion of your choosing. For the second faith, choose a faith that is unfamiliar to you. Examples of faiths to choose from include Sikh, Baha’i, Buddhism, Shintoism, etc. Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V.

In your comparative analysis, address all of the worldview questions in detail for Christianity and your selected faith. Refer to Chapter 2 of Called to Care for the list of questions. Once you have outlined the worldview of each religion, begin your ethical analysis from each perspective.

In a minimum of 1,500-2,000 words, provide an ethical analysis based upon the different belief systems, reinforcing major themes with insights gained from your research, and answering the following questions based on the research:

How would each religion interpret the nature of George’s malady and suffering? Is there a “why” to his disease and suffering? (i.e., is there a reason for why George is ill, beyond the reality of physical malady?)

In George’s analysis of his own life, how would each religion think about the value of his life as a person, and value of his life with ALS?

What sorts of values and considerations would each religion focus on in deliberating about whether or not George should opt for euthanasia?

Given the above, what options would be morally justified under each religion for George and why? Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V.

Finally, present and defend your own view.

Support your position by referencing at least three academic resources (preferably from the GCU Library) in addition to the course readings, lectures, the Bible, and the textbooks for each religion. Each religion must have a primary source included. A total of six references are required according to the specifications listed above. Incorporate the research into your writing in an appropriate, scholarly manner.

Prepare this 
Religious View of Euthanasia
 assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is required.

This 
Religious View of Euthanasia
 assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this 
Religious View of Euthanasia
 assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

Topic 3 Discussion 1

Principalism, especially in the context of bioethics in the United States, has often been critiqued for raising the principle of autonomy to the highest place, such that it trumps all other principles or values. How would you rank the importance of each of the four principles? How do you believe they would be ordered in the context of the Christian biblical narrative? Refer to the lecture and topic readings in your response. Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V.

Topic 3 Discussion 2

What do the four parts of the Christian Biblical Narrative (i.e., creation, fall, redemption, and restoration) say about the nature of God and of reality in relation to the reality of sickness and disease? From where would one find comfort and hope in the light of illness according to this narrative? Explain in detail each part of the narrative above and analyze the implications.

 Topic 5 Discussion 1

What is your definition of “spiritual care?” How does it differ or accord with the description given in the topic readings? Explain.

Topic 5 Discussion 2

When it comes to facilitating spiritual care for patients with worldviews different from your own, what are your strengths and weaknesses? If you were the patient, who would have the final say in terms of ethical decision-making and intervention in the event of a difficult situation? Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V.

Case Study: Healing and Autonomy

Mike and Joanne are the parents of James and Samuel, identical twins born 8 years ago. James is currently suffering from acute glomerulonephritis, kidney failure. James was originally brought into the hospital for complications associated with a strep throat infection. The spread of the A streptococcus infection led to the subsequent kidney failure. James’s condition was acute enough to warrant immediate treatment. Usually cases of acute glomerulonephritis caused by strep infection tend to improve on their own or with an antibiotic. However, James also had elevated blood pressure and enough fluid buildup that required temporary dialysis to relieve. The attending physician suggested immediate dialysis. After some time of discussion with Joanne, Mike informs the physician that they are going to forego the dialysis and place their faith in God. Mike and Joanne had been moved by a sermon their pastor had given a week ago, and also had witnessed a close friend regain mobility when she was prayed over at a healing service after a serious stroke Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V. They thought it more prudent to take James immediately to a faith healing service instead of putting James through multiple rounds of dialysis. Yet, Mike and Joanne agreed to return to the hospital after the faith healing services later in the week, and in hopes that James would be healed by then. Two days later the family returned and was forced to place James on dialysis, as his condition had deteriorated. Mike felt perplexed and tormented by his decision to not treat James earlier. Had he not enough faith? Was God punishing him or James? To make matters worse, James’s kidneys had deteriorated such that his dialysis was now not a temporary matter and was in need of a kidney transplant. Crushed and desperate, Mike and Joanne immediately offered to donate one of their own kidneys to James, but they were not compatible donors. Over the next few weeks, amidst daily rounds of dialysis, some of their close friends and church members also offered to donate a kidney to James. However, none of them were tissue matches.  James’s nephrologist called to schedule a private appointment with Mike and Joanne. James was stable, given the regular dialysis, but would require a kidney transplant within the year. Given the desperate situation, the nephrologist informed Mike and Joanne of a donor that was an ideal tissue match, but as of yet had not been considered—James’s brother Samuel. Mike vacillates and struggles to decide whether he should have his other son Samuel lose a kidney or perhaps wait for God to do a miracle this time around. Perhaps this is where the real testing of his faith will come in? Mike reasons, “This time around it is a matter of life and death. What could require greater faith than that?” Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V.

 

Applying the Four Principles: Case Study

Part 1: Chart (60 points)

 

Medical Indications

Beneficence and Nonmaleficence

Patient Preferences

Autonomy

·         James is in end stage kidney failure and needs a kidney donor to save his life. Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V

·         The problem started from an acute illness that became chronic and eventually critical from lack of hemodialysis during the time James’s parents refused treatment for him.

·         The illness started from a strep throat infection that led to acute glomerulonephritis complicated by hypertension and fluid retention requiring immediate dialysis. The delay on James receiving the dialysis led to kidney failure requiring him to need a transplant. His prognosis is fatal if he does not find a donor kidney.

·         The only treatment option is for James to have dialysis while he waits for a donor kidney.

·         James’s twin brother is a match and would be a compatible donor if James’s parents give consent instead of relying on their Christian faith in god to heal James.

·         The physician was clear with James parents of the necessity of the dialysis treatments to be started immediately but I am not sure if he explained thoroughly enough the risks and seriousness of delaying treatment even for a few days.

·         The physician respected the principle of autonomy when he allowed James’s parents to take him to a faith healer instead of following his medical recommendations.

·         The parents used the principle of autonomy and used their faith instead of medicine to treat their son.

·         As James is a minor and cannot make his own medical decisions, his parents have the responsibility to do what is best to care for him and also have the right to respect their faith.

Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V

 

 

 

 

Quality of Life

Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Autonomy

Contextual Features

Justice and Fairness

·         James has a greatly reduced quality of life since the delay of treatment has led to him needing permanent dialysis and a kidney transplant.

·         James’s brother Samuel could donate one of his kidneys if the parents’ consent. While this could save his brother’s life it could cause him medical issues later in life and give him a reduced quality of life.

·         Samuel is also a minor and it is up to his parents to decide if he will be giving James one of his kidneys.

·         The whole family will suffer greatly if James does not receive the transplant and dies. Mike, the father, is already struggling with the fact that his faith was not strong enough to save his son and is unsure if he just didn’t pray hard enough or believe strongly enough in god. Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V.

 

 

·         James has no voice in his medical decisions because of his age. His parents have full medical authority. In my opinion, no justice was gained by his parents denying him the necessary medical treatments to take him to a faith healer instead.

·         Samuel is in the same situation as his brother and cannot make any medical decisions for himself. I do not think it just or fair if he has to grow up without his twin knowing that he could have saved James’s life.

·         The parents do have autonomy in making decisions based on the recommendations of the doctors or praying for a miracle and risking James’s life in the process. They are conflicted because they want to use beneficence and do what is best for both of their children while still relying on their faith in god to heal but are unsure what is the right decision to make.

·         The physicians want to heal James medically (Nonmaleficence) but know that they have to respect the autonomy of the parents.

 

 

 

Part 2: Evaluation

Based on this case study, I feel that the most pressing principle should be beneficence as James’s parents focus should be on what the doctors are advising them on the seriousness of his medical condition and the risks of foregoing or delaying treatment. The parents however seem to be more focused on the principle of autonomy and their choice to ignore the doctors and rely on their faith instead. Obviously, Mike and Joanne love their children and are not willfully causing them harm, but their delay of treatment caused James’s condition to become critical and could now harm Samuel also if he has to undergo surgery and live the rest of his life with one kidney which could be at risk of failing at some point in his life. I feel that while Mike and Joanne want to be beneficient, their decisions ultimately caused malificience and a lack of justice to both boys Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V.

 

I feel that in based on the Christian worldview the most important principle is beneficence.

“For Christians, beneficence is a basic duty, but Christian ethics goes beyond the moral rule of beneficence which is required of everyone at all times. Because it comes within the command to “love your neighbour as yourself’ (Matt. 22:39; Mark 12:31; Luke 10:2528), beneficence, wherever possible, includes benevolence (or goodwill). Jesus taught as a characteristic feature of the values of the kingdom of God not only doing what is required by law but doing more out of love: going also “the second mile” (Matt. 5:41).” (World Council of Churches, 1970, para. 39).

Closely following beneficence would be nonmaleficence as they go hand in hand, to do good is to do no harm. The principles of justice and autonomy are also very important and would follow beneficence and nonmaleficence.

 

 

References:

World Council of Churches. (1970). Chapter four: Ethical perspectives.

Retrieved from https://www.oikoumene.org/en/resources/documents/wcc-programmes/justice-diakonia-and-responsibility-for-creation/ehaia/world-council-of-churches-statements-and-studies/1997-facing-aids-the-challenge-the-churches-response/chapter-4-ethical-perspectiveshttps://www.oikoumene.org/en/resources/documents/wcc-programmes/justice-diakonia-and-responsibility-for-creation/ehaia/world-council-of-churches-statements-and-studies/1997-facing-aids-the-challenge-the-churches-response/chapter-4-ethical-perspectives

 

Lawrence, D. (2007). The Four Principles of Biomedical Ethics: A Foundation for Current

Bioethical Debate.
Journal of Chiropractic Humanities.
Retrieved from

https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=105887311&site=ehost-live&scope=site Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V

Clinical Supervision Sample Essay Discussion Paper

Introduction

According to Galovski et al., (2013), anxiety disorders are the most prevalent in the United States and are associated with a high illness burden. Anxiety disorders may include panic disorders, agoraphobias, or generalized anxiety disorders. They are characterized by feelings of fear, worry about the future and anxiety. In most primary care settings, they are not only undertreated but also under-recognized. The indication for treatment of anxiety disorders is linked to a patient showing distress or suffers from the resultant complications. Cognitive Behavioral therapy and SSRIs drugs have proven to be highly effective in the management of anxiety disorders. More specifically, Selective Serotonin Reuptake inhibitors are the first line drugs for treating anxiety disorders. This paper discusses the use of CBT as the therapeutic approach of choice for a patient with post-traumatic stress disorder in clinical settings Clinical Supervision Sample Essay Discussion Paper.

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Client Description

SK is a 35 year old female has a previous diagnosis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and is on follow-up.  She presents with complaints of flashbacks and nightmares. The patient frequently and openly expresses feelings of resentment against her mother blaming her for not intervening when she would be raped by her father when she was between 5-15 years old Clinical Supervision Sample Essay Discussion Paper. She acknowledges that she experiences uncontrollable thoughts about the rape incidences occasionally during the day and night and this has thus deferred her further studies at the moment.

Explanation Of The Therapeutic Approach To Be Used With The Client And Perceived Effectiveness Of The Approach

The therapeutic approach that would be most effective for this patient is cognitive behavioral therapy. Patients who suffer from PTSD are bitter about traumatic events that they may have experienced in the past. Collectively, these feelings, behaviors and thoughts give rise to psychological issues that present in the form of extreme fear, anxiety and anger (Syros, 2017). The most significant techniques of CBT to be used for this patient include: self-monitoring, cognitive restructuring and conducting behavioral experiments. In Self-restructuring, the patient will be asked to individual write down her thoughts to specific situations more so those that result to anxiety. In cognitive restructuring, the patient will be helped to evaluate whether or not she accurately interprets her thoughts (Kar, 2014).  In conducting behavioral experiments, the client will be helped to device newer ways of looking at situation, circumstances and the world. Clinical Supervision Sample Essay Discussion Paper.

The perceived effectiveness of CBT on patients with anxiety disorder is that it helps them to change their negative thoughts and anxious states. Apart from focusing and recognizing their thought patterns, CBT helps patients with PTSD to change their anxious thinking patterns that frequently result to feelings of worry and social withdrawal (Ehlers, et al., 2013). Clinical Supervision Sample Essay Discussion Paper. More importantly, CBT is highly effective in helping the patient with anxiety to limit distorted thoughts by realistically looking at individual worries. Syros (2017) also notes that, the use of SSRIs medications alongside CBT is highly effective in reducing the symptoms of anxiety in patients with PTSD, therefore, alongside psychotherapy, SSRIs will be prescribed.

Additional Information About This Client That May Have Potential Impact On Expected Outcomes

SK is not married and marriage is not part of any of her current plans. Most of her company/circles of friends are girls who are slightly younger than her or approximately the same age. She has reportedly had several arguments and conflicts with men in social gatherings and at work where she often takes everything to a personal level. She has however not been consistent with both pharmacological medications as well as psychotherapy for the past six months but she has no good explanation as to why. Clinical Supervision Sample Essay Discussion Paper.

Conclusion

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychological disorders in the US that are likely to be undertreated or under-recognized. Although they are many, post-traumatic stress disorder is a perfect example where patients present with feelings of fear, nightmares, flashbacks and blame. The best therapeutic approach for PTSD is cognitive behavioral therapy alongside SSRIs medications to reduce symptoms of anxiety. Clinical Supervision Sample Essay Discussion Paper CBT helps patients to do self-monitoring, cognitive restructuring and to conduct behavioral experiments to view the work and issues from a different perspective.

References

Ehlers, A., Clark, D. M., Hackmann, A., Grey, N., Liness, S., Wild, J., McManus, F. (2013).

Intensive Cognitive Therapy for PTSD: A Feasibility Study. 
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy
, 
38
(4), 383–398.

Galovski, T. E., Monson, C., Bruce, S. E., & Resick, P. A. (2013). Does Cognitive–Behavioral

Therapy for PTSD Improve Perceived Health and Sleep Impairment? 
Journal of Traumatic Stress
, 
22
(3), 197–204. Clinical Supervision Sample Essay Discussion Paper.

Kar, N. (2014). Cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder:

a review. 
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
, 
7
, 167–181.

Syros, I. (2017). Cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of PTSD. 
European Journal of

Psychotraumatology
, 
8
(sup4), 1351219.

 

Discussion: Clinical Supervision

Clinical Supervision is an essential component of your development as a psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner. It provides an opportunity for professional collaboration as you share experiences with and gain insights from colleagues. For this Clinical Supervision, consider a client whom you do not think is adequately progressing according to expected clinical outcomes Clinical Supervision Sample Essay Discussion Paper.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

Analyze clients presenting for treatment of anxiety disorders

Evaluate effectiveness of therapeutic approaches for clients diagnosed with an anxiety disorder

To Prepare
:

Review this week’s Learning Resources concerning treating patients with anxiety disorders.

Reflect on a child or adolescent client you are currently counseling or have previously counseled at your practicum site who has been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder.

Note: 
For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the “Post to Discussion Question” link and then select “Create Thread” to complete your initial post Clinical Supervision Sample Essay Discussion Paper. Remember, once you click submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts and cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking
Submit
!

By Day 3

Post
 a 3- to 5-minute Kaltura video in which you do the following:

Describe the client. 
Note:
Do not use the client’s actual name.

Explain your therapeutic approach with the client, including the perceived effectiveness of your approach. Clinical Supervision Sample Essay Discussion Paper.

Identify any additional information about this client that may potentially impact expected outcomes.

Note:
 Nurse practitioners must have strong oral communication skills. This Discussion is designed to help you hone these skills. When filming your Kaltura video, be sure to dress and speak in a professional manner.

View
 a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

By Day 6

Respond
 to at least 
two
of your colleagues by suggesting an alternate therapeutic approach. Support your feedback with evidence-based literature and/or your own experiences with clients. Clinical Supervision Sample Essay Discussion Paper.

Introduction

According to Galovski et al., (2013), anxiety disorders are the most prevalent in the United States and are associated with a high illness burden. Anxiety disorders may include panic disorders, agoraphobias, or generalized anxiety disorders. They are characterized by feelings of fear, worry about the future and anxiety. In most primary care settings, they are not only undertreated but also under-recognized Clinical Supervision Sample Essay Discussion Paper. The indication for treatment of anxiety disorders is linked to a patient showing distress or suffers from the resultant complications. Cognitive Behavioral therapy and SSRIs drugs have proven to be highly effective in the management of anxiety disorders. More specifically, Selective Serotonin Reuptake inhibitors are the first line drugs for treating anxiety disorders. This paper discusses the use of CBT as the therapeutic approach of choice for a patient with post-traumatic stress disorder in clinical settings. Clinical Supervision Sample Essay Discussion Paper.

Client Description

SK is a 35 year old female has a previous diagnosis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and is on follow-up.  She presents with complaints of flashbacks and nightmares. The patient frequently and openly expresses feelings of resentment against her mother blaming her for not intervening when she would be raped by her father when she was between 5-15 years old. She acknowledges that she experiences uncontrollable thoughts about the rape incidences occasionally during the day and night and this has thus deferred her further studies at the moment.

Explanation Of The Therapeutic Approach To Be Used With The Client And Perceived Effectiveness Of The Approach

The therapeutic approach that would be most effective for this patient is cognitive behavioral therapy. Patients who suffer from PTSD are bitter about traumatic events that they may have experienced in the past. Collectively, these feelings, behaviors and thoughts give rise to psychological issues that present in the form of extreme fear, anxiety and anger (Syros, 2017). The most significant techniques of CBT to be used for this patient include: self-monitoring, cognitive restructuring and conducting behavioral experiments. Clinical Supervision Sample Essay Discussion Paper. In Self-restructuring, the patient will be asked to individual write down her thoughts to specific situations more so those that result to anxiety. In cognitive restructuring, the patient will be helped to evaluate whether or not she accurately interprets her thoughts (Kar, 2014).  In conducting behavioral experiments, the client will be helped to device newer ways of looking at situation, circumstances and the world.

The perceived effectiveness of CBT on patients with anxiety disorder is that it helps them to change their negative thoughts and anxious states. Apart from focusing and recognizing their thought patterns, CBT helps patients with PTSD to change their anxious thinking patterns that frequently result to feelings of worry and social withdrawal (Ehlers, et al., 2013). More importantly, CBT is highly effective in helping the patient with anxiety to limit distorted thoughts by realistically looking at individual worries. Syros (2017) also notes that, the use of SSRIs medications alongside CBT is highly effective in reducing the symptoms of anxiety in patients with PTSD, therefore, alongside psychotherapy, SSRIs will be prescribed. Clinical Supervision Sample Essay Discussion Paper.

Additional Information About This Client That May Have Potential Impact On Expected Outcomes

SK is not married and marriage is not part of any of her current plans. Most of her company/circles of friends are girls who are slightly younger than her or approximately the same age. She has reportedly had several arguments and conflicts with men in social gatherings and at work where she often takes everything to a personal level. She has however not been consistent with both pharmacological medications as well as psychotherapy for the past six months but she has no good explanation as to why Clinical Supervision Sample Essay Discussion Paper.

Conclusion

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychological disorders in the US that are likely to be undertreated or under-recognized. Although they are many, post-traumatic stress disorder is a perfect example where patients present with feelings of fear, nightmares, flashbacks and blame. The best therapeutic approach for PTSD is cognitive behavioral therapy alongside SSRIs medications to reduce symptoms of anxiety. CBT helps patients to do self-monitoring, cognitive restructuring and to conduct behavioral experiments to view the work and issues from a different perspective.

 
References

Ehlers, A., Clark, D. M., Hackmann, A., Grey, N., Liness, S., Wild, J., McManus, F. (2013).

Intensive Cognitive Therapy for PTSD: A Feasibility Study. 
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy
, 
38
(4), 383–398. Clinical Supervision Sample Essay Discussion Paper.

Galovski, T. E., Monson, C., Bruce, S. E., & Resick, P. A. (2013). Does Cognitive–Behavioral

Therapy for PTSD Improve Perceived Health and Sleep Impairment? 
Journal of Traumatic Stress
, 
22
(3), 197–204.

Kar, N. (2014). Cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder:

a review. 
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
, 
7
, 167–181.

Syros, I. (2017). Cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of PTSD. 
European Journal of

Psychotraumatology
, 
8
(sup4), 1351219. Clinical Supervision Sample Essay Discussion Paper.