Category: Nursing

Analysis of Current Evidence Based Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Otitis Media Assignment

Assignment: Analysis of Current Evidence Based Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Otitis Media

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This Assignment requires a current, evidence based practice guideline that is specific to the child in the following scenario. Once you find the appropriate guideline, you will be ready for analysis and evaluation.

First, carefully review the case. Then, using the Internet, find a current (no older than 4 years old 2014-2018) relevant evidence based practice guideline for the treatment of otitis media for this particular pediatric patient.

There should be a minimum of three current (within the last 5 years) peer-reviewed references including the authors of the guideline.

Make sure to address the following in your paper:

Use below headings while answering questions

Briefly explain your search strategy. For example, how did you find the correct guideline?

Who developed the guideline?

Is this a revision of a previous guideline or an original? What is the date of publication?

Explain the concept of “systematic review of current best evidence.”

How was conflict of interest managed in the development of these guidelines?

How is quality of evidence defined?

Explain differences among strong recommendation, recommendation, and option

What are “key Action statements?”

Analysis of Current Evidence Based Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Otitis Media Assignment

For this particular child, what are the specific treatment recommendations including any diagnostics, medications (include exact dosage, frequency, length of treatment), follow-up, referral, prevention, and pain control.

Case:

A 5-year-old male is brought to the primary care clinic by his mother with a chief complaint of bilateral ear pain for the last three days. The mother states that the child has been crying frequently due to the pain. Ibuprofen has provided minimal relief. This morning, the child refused breakfast and appeared to be “getting worse.”

Vital signs at the clinic reveal HR 110 bpm, 28 respiratory rate, and tympanic temperature of 103.2 degrees F. The mother reports no known allergies. The child has not been on antibiotics for the last year. The child does not have history of OM. The child is otherwise healthy without any other known health problems.

After your questioning and examination, you diagnose this child with bilateral
Acute Otitis Media. Analysis of Current Evidence Based Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Otitis Media Assignment.

Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief Assignment Template for Part 1 and Part 2

NURS 6050: Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health

Assignment: Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief

 

TOPIC CHOICES:  1.  OPIOD CRISIS, 2.  LIMITED ADDICTION RESOURCES FOR RECOVERY, 3.  AFFORDABLE CARE ACT.

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It may seem to you that healthcare has been a national topic of debate among political leaders for as long as you can remember.

Healthcare has been a policy item and a topic of debate not only in recent times but as far back as the administration of the second U.S. president, John Adams. In 1798, Adams signed legislation requiring that 20 cents per month of a sailor’s paycheck be set aside for covering their medical bills. This represented the first major piece of U.S. healthcare legislation, and the topic of healthcare has been woven into presidential agendas and political debate ever since. Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief Assignment Template for Part 1 and Part 2.

As a healthcare professional, you may be called upon to provide expertise, guidance and/or opinions on healthcare matters as they are debated for inclusion into new policy. You may also be involved in planning new organizational policy and responses to changes in legislation. For all of these reasons you should be prepared to speak to national healthcare issues making the news. Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief Assignment Template for Part 1 and Part 2.

In this Assignment, you will analyze recent presidential healthcare agendas. You also will prepare a fact sheet to communicate the importance of a healthcare issue and the impact on this issue of recent or proposed policy.

To Prepare:

Review the agenda priorities of the current/sitting U.S. president and the two previous presidential administrations.

Select an issue related to healthcare that was addressed by each of the last three U.S. presidential administrations.

Reflect on the focus of their respective agendas, including the allocation of financial resources for addressing the healthcare issue you selected.

Consider how you would communicate the importance of a healthcare issue to a legislator/policymaker or a member of their staff for inclusion on an agenda.

The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Comparison Grid, 1-Page Analysis, and 1-page Fact Sheet)

Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid

Use the Agenda Comparison Grid Template found in the Learning Resources and complete the Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid based on the current/sitting U.S. president and the two previous presidential administrations and their agendas related to the public health concern you selected. Be sure to address the following:

Identify and provide a brief description of the population health concern you selected and the factors that contribute to it.

Describe the administrative agenda focus related to the issue you selected.

Identify the allocations of financial and other resources that the current and two previous presidents dedicated to this issue. Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief Assignment Template for Part 1 and Part 2.

Explain how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue.

(A draft of Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid should be posted to the Module 1 Discussion Board by Day 3 of Week 1.)

Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis

Using the information you recorded in Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid on the template, complete the Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis portion of the template, by addressing the following:

Which administrative agency would most likely be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected?

How do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on the agenda for the current and two previous presidents? How does it stay there?

Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue you selected for the current and two previous presidents? Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief Assignment Template for Part 1 and Part 2.

Part 3: Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief

Based on the feedback that you received from your colleagues in the Discussion, revise Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid and Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis.

Then, using the information recorded on the template in Parts 1 and 2, develop a 1-page Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief that you could use to communicate with a policymaker/legislator or a member of their staff for this healthcare issue. You can use Microsoft Word or PowerPoint to create your Fact Sheet or Talking Point Brief. Be sure to address the following:

Summarize why this healthcare issue is important and should be included in the agenda for legislation.

Justify the role of the nurse in agenda setting for healthcare issues.

By Day 3 of Week 1

Submit a draft of Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid to the Module 1 Discussion Board

Considering the feedback you received in the Module 1 Discussion on Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid, revise and further develop Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid and Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis. Consider how the feedback you received might influence your Fact Sheet or Talking Points and revise as necessary. Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief Assignment Template for Part 1 and Part 2.

By Day 7 of Week 2

 

Submit your final version of Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid, Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis, and Part 3: Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief.

 

Rubric Grid

Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid-

-Identify a population health concern

-Describe the Population Health concern you selected and the factors that contribute to it.

Levels of Achievement:

Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)

The response clearly and accurately identifies and describes a population health concern..

Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)

The response vaguely identifies and describes a population health concern..

Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)

The response inaccurately identifies and describes a population health concern..

Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%)

Identification and description of a population health concern is missing or incomplete..

Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid
–

– Describe the administrative agenda focus related to this issue for the current and two previous presidents.

 

– Identify the allocations of financial and other resources that the current and two previous presidents dedicated to this issue.

– Explain how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue. Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief Assignment Template for Part 1 and Part 2.

Levels of Achievement:

Excellent 18 (18%) – 20 (20%)

The response clearly and accurately describes the presidential administrations’ focus related to the concern, the financial and resource allocation dedicated to the concern, and explains how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue..

 

Good 16 (16%) – 17 (17%)

The response vaguely describes the presidential administrations’ focus related to the concern, the financial and resource allocation dedicated to the concern, and explains how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue..

Fair 14 (14%) – 15 (15%)

The response inaccurately describes the presidential administrations’ focus related to the concern, the financial and resource allocation dedicated to the concern, and how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue..

Poor 0 (0%) – 13 (13%)

The description of the presidential administrations’ focus related to the concern, financial and resource allocation dedicated to the concern, and explanation for how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue is missing..

Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis- Address the following
:

-Which administrative agency would most likely be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected?

-How do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on the agenda? How does it stay there?

-Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue you selected for the current and two previous presidents? Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief Assignment Template for Part 1 and Part 2.

Levels of Achievement:

Excellent 23 (23%) – 25 (25%)

-The response clearly and accurately identifies an administrative agency most likely to be responsible for addressing the selected healthcare issue.

-Response clearly and accurately explains how the healthcare issue gets on the agenda and remains there.

– The response clearly and accurately identifies the entrepreneur/champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue selected..

Good 20 (20%) – 22 (22%)

-The response vaguely identifies an administrative agency which may be responsible for addressing the selected healthcare issue.

-Response adequately explains how the healthcare issue gets on the agenda and remains there.

-Identification of the entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue selected is vague..

Fair 18 (18%) – 19 (19%)

-Identification of an administrative agency responsible for addressing the selected health care issue is inaccurate.

-Explanation of how the healthcare issue gets on the agenda and remains there is vague or inaccurate.

 

-Identification of the entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue selected is inaccurate or does not align with the healthcare issue. Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief Assignment Template for Part 1 and Part 2.

Poor 0 (0%) – 17 (17%)

-Identification of an administrative agency responsible for addressing the selected healthcare issue is missing.

-Explanation of how the healthcare issue gets on the agenda and remains there is vague and inaccurate or is missing.

-Identification of the entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue selected is vague and inaccurate or is missing..

Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief – Promoting Agenda Setting for Healthcare Issues:

Based on your Agenda Comparison Grid for the healthcare issue you selected, develop a 1-page Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief that you could use to communicate with a policy-maker/legislator or a member of their staff for this healthcare issue.

-Summarize why this healthcare issue is important and should be included in the agenda for legislation.

-Justify the role of the nurse in agenda setting for healthcare issues–

Levels of Achievement:

Excellent 32 (32%) – 35 (35%)

Creates a well-developed, accurate, and thorough Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief.

The response provides a complete, detailed, and specific synthesis of two outside resources reviewed on why this healthcare issue is important and should be included in the agenda for legislation. The response fully integrates at least 2 outside resources and 2-3 course specific resources that fully supports the summary provided.

Responses accurately and thoroughly justify in detail the role of the nurse in agenda setting for healthcare issues.

Good 28 (28%) – 31 (31%)

Creates an accurate and thorough Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief.

The response provides an accurate synthesis of at least one outside resource reviewed on why this healthcare issue is important and should be included in the agenda for legislation. The response integrates at least 1 outside resource and 2-3 course specific resources that may support the summary provided. Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief Assignment Template for Part 1 and Part 2.

Responses accurately justify the role of the nurse in agenda setting for healthcare issues.

Fair 25 (25%) – 27 (27%)

Creates a Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief. that is partially accurate or incomplete.

The response provides a vague or inaccurate summary of outside resources reviewed on why this healthcare issue is important and should be included in the agenda for legislation. The response minimally integrates resources that may support the summary provided.

he responses partially justifies the role of the nurse in agenda setting for healthcare issues.

Poor 0 (0%) – 24 (24%)

Creates a poor Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief. that in inaccurate and incomplete or is missing.

The response provides a vague and inaccurate summary of no outside resources reviewed on why this healthcare issue is important and should be included in the agenda for legislation, or is missing. The response fails to integrate any resources to support the summary provided.

Responses justifying the role of the nurse in agenda setting for healthcare issues is inaccurate and incomplete or is missing.

Written Expression and
Formatting
– Paragraph Development and Organization:

Paragraphs make clear points that support well developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused–neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction is provided which delineates all required criteria. Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief Assignment Template for Part 1 and Part 2.

Levels of Achievement:

Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.

A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion is provided which delineates all required criteria.

Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time.

Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment is stated, yet is brief and not descriptive.

Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%- 79% of the time.

Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment is vague or off topic.

Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 60% of the time. No purpose statement, introduction, or conclusion was provided. Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards : Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation Levels of Achievement: Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.. Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Contains a few (1-2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.. Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%) Contains several (3-4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.. Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.. Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list. Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief Assignment Template for Part 1 and Part 2. Levels of Achievement: Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Uses correct APA format with no errors.. Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Contains a few (1-2) APA format errors.. Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%) Contains several (3-4) APA format errors.. Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors.. Total Points: 100 Name: NURS_6050_Module01_Week02_Assignment_Rubric POSSIBLE RESOURCES: Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Chapter 1, “Informing Public Policy: An Important Role for Registered Nurses” (pp. 11–13 only) Chapter 2, “Agenda Setting: What Rises to a Policymaker’s Attention?” (pp. 17–36) Chapter 10, “Overview: The Economics and Finance of Health Care” (pp. 171–180) Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief Assignment Template for Part 1 and Part 2 Chapter 12, “An Insider’s Guide to Engaging in Policy Activities” •“Creating a Fact Sheet” (pp. 217-221) DeMarco, R., & Tufts, K. A. (2014). The mechanics of writing a policy brief. Nursing Outlook, 62(3), 219–224. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2014.04.002 Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases. Kingdon, J. W. (2001). A model of agenda-setting, with applications. Law Review, M.S.U.-D.C.L., 2(331). Retrieved from https://cursos.campusvirtualsp.org/mod/resource/view.php?id=16070 Lamb, G., Newhouse, R., Beverly, C., Toney, D. A., Cropley, S., Weaver, C. A., Kurtzman, E., … Peterson, C. (2015). Policy agenda for nurse-led care coordination. Nursing Outlook, 63(4), 521–530. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2015.06.003 Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases. O’Rourke, N. C., Crawford, S. L., Morris, N. S., & Pulcini, J. (2017). Political efficacy and participation of nurse practitioners. Policy, Politics, and Nursing Practice, 18(3), 135–148. doi:10.1177/1527154417728514 Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases. Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Enhancing Environmental Health Content in Nursing Practice, Pope, A. M., Snyder, M. A., & Mood, L. H. (Eds.). (n.d.). Nursing health, & environment: Strengthening the relationship to improve the public’s health. Retrieved September 20, 2018. Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases. USA.gov. (n.d.). A-Z index of U.S. government departments and agencies. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.usa.gov/federal-agencies/a Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief Assignment Template for Part 1 and Part 2 USA.gov. (n.d.). Executive departments. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.usa.gov/executive-departments The White House. (n.d.). The cabinet. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-trump-administration/the-cabinet/     Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief Assignment Template for Part 1 and Part 2   Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid   Use this Agenda Comparison Grid to document information about the population health/healthcare issue your selected and the presidential agendas. By completing this grid, you will develop a more in depth understanding of your selected issue and how you might position it politically based on the presidential agendas.   You will use the information in the Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid to complete the remaining Part 2 and Part 3 of your Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief Assignment Template for Part 1 and Part 2 Assignment.     Identify the Population Health concern you selected.     Describe the Population Health concern you selected and the factors that contribute to it.       Administration (President Name) (Current President) (Previous President) (Previous President) Describe the administrative agenda focus related to this issue for the current and two previous presidents.                     Identify the allocations of financial and other resources that the current and two previous presidents dedicated to this issue.                   Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief Assignment Template for Part 1 and Part 2 Explain how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue.                       Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis   Using the information you recorded in Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid , complete the following to document information about the population health/healthcare issue your selected Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief Assignment Template for Part 1 and Part 2   Administration (President Name) (Current President) (Previous President) (Previous President) Which administrative agency would most likely be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected?               How do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on the agenda for the current and two previous presidents? How does it stay there? Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue you selected for the current and two previous presidents?   Note: Part 3: of the Module 1: Assignment: Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief is a 1-page Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief the you will create in a separate document. USW1_NURS_6050_Agenda_Comparison_Grid_Template Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief Assignment Template for Part 1 and Part 2

Theory Testing in Nursing Research

Lyneham, Parkinson and Denholm (2008) presents the results of a study to describe Benner’s practice development theory within the nursing context, with focus being on the expert level. It notes that the expert level is characterized by intuition and can be presented in three phases. The first phase begins with cognitive intuition in which the expert nurse uses subconscious thought processes that can be rationalized in hindsight. The second phase is transitional intuition whereby the expert nurses incorporates subconscious behavior into professional awareness. The final phase is embodied intuition, whereby the expert nurse no longer questions his or her intuition and trusts it to present the best possible decision. Theory Testing in Nursing Research These sentiments validate the presence of expert level nurses as well as their characterization through their use of intuition to guide decision making within clinical practice (Lyneham, Parkinson & Denholm, 2008; Smith & Parker, 2015). Wheeler (2014) expresses similar sentiments in noting that intuition is a logical step that supports practice development from a novice to an expert, fostering clinical curiosity, research and reflection as factors of practice development. As a result, it can be argued that nursing practitioners undergo a time-based practice development progression that includes an expert level of practice characterized by the use of intuition in clinical decision-making. Theory Testing in Nursing Research.

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The research question is: Does intuition characterize expert level nursing practitioners’ decision-making approaches within the practice environment? (Lyneham, Parkinson & Denholm, 2008).

The aim of the study is to: explore the experience of intuition in emergency nursing in relation to Benner’s fifth stage of practice development, ‘the expert practitioner’ (Lyneham, Parkinson & Denholm, 2008).

The research recruited fourteen participants with emergency nursing experience from Australia. Each of the participants had a minimum of five years’ experience providing emergency nursing services (Lyneham, Parkinson & Denholm, 2008). Theory Testing in Nursing Research.

The results of the study noted that the expert level of nursing as identified by Benner should be further divided into three distinct stages based on use of intuition. The three stages are cognitive intuition, transitional intuition and embodied intuition (Lyneham, Parkinson & Denholm, 2008).

The theory is significant in validating nursing professional development through progressive stages that are based on experience, knowledge and skills. The specific concept of the theory applied in the research study is that with extensive practice and knowledge, routine decisions become common practice among emergency nurses so that they become more trusting of their first impression when making decisions. Theory Testing in Nursing Research. The theory can be linked to the research when showing how the use of intuition becomes more prevalent through increased practice among expert nurses. Besides that, it validates the existence of experts among nursing practitioners through linking the stage to experience (Lyneham, Parkinson & Denholm, 2008).

References

Lyneham, J., Parkinson, C. & Denholm, C. (2008). Explicating Benner’s concept of expert practice: intuition in emergency nursing.
Journal of Advanced Nursing
, 64(4), 380–387.

Smith, M. & Parker, M. (2015).
Nursing theories and nursing practice
(4
th
ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis Company.

Wheeler, K. (Eds.). (2014).
Psychotherapy for the advanced practice psychiatric nurse: a how-to guide for evidence-based practice
(2
nd
ed.). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company. Theory Testing in Nursing Research.

Nursing knowledge in the 21st century essay

The current state of nursing knowledge in the 21
st
century

Nursing knowledge along with necessary proficiencies has dramatically increased. Latest exploration on the current state of nursing knowledge hypothesizes that increase in knowledge in the past ten years is equivalent to that attained in the last 100 years. It has now become necessary for nurses to be life-long and active learners. Hein (2015) argues that nursing knowledge base has increased and also the process of teaching and learning has changed. Presently, nurses might enroll in an ongoing education at nearly all levels of advanced online education. Nursing knowledge in the 21st century essay.

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The immense increase in nursing knowledge at the start of 21
st
century was manifested by better comprehension of conceptual nurse knowledge along with ways of creating knowledge for practice.  Roy and Jones (2014) claim that in doctoral education, professional conferences and nursing literature, there is maturing of the discipline, especially in philosophical perspectives, conceptual focus, sociopolitical commitments and methodological inquiry.

Five major challenges facing the future advancement of nursing knowledge

The first challenge facing the future advancement of nursing knowledge is shortage of qualified faculty to train the skills needed to educate future nurses. Nursing knowledge in the 21st century essay. According to Cowen and Moorhead (2014), majority of nursing   training institutions are facing a severe shortage of faculty with the essential credentials for appointments into the faculty. Additionally, training nursing learners in wide range of healthcare settings may be challenging.  Factors such limited number of healthcare facilities and registered nurses’ workload demands make it hard to educate and mentor students.

The use of healthcare technology is a major challenge facing the future advancement of nursing knowledge. The use of technology might help with safer care, but it will demand synthesis, monitoring and management of huge volumes of patient information Nursing knowledge in the 21st century essay.  Yoost and Crawford (2019) argue that there are numerous challenges to progress in information technology,incuding cost of equipment, time needed to document  patient information, safeguarding of patient privacy and health care providers’  resistance to new technology.

Curriculum enhancement is another major challenge. According to Fawaz et al (2018), nursing pedagogues try to expose learners to numerous learning experiences so as to ensure they get information via several channels and are able to get the best evidence.  This approach is challenging because requires a lot of energy and time from nurse educators. Economic challenges pose barriers to prospective candidates who want to attain nursing knowledge.  Economic depression and regression in monetary aid programs have transformed the study plans of students. Additionally, there are less nursing programs in rural regions regardless of the crucial and increased necessity of these programs in these regions (Fawaz et al, 2018). Nursing knowledge in the 21st century essay.

References

Cowen, P., & Moorhead, S.  (2014).
Current issues in Nursing- E- Book
.  New York:  Elsevier Health Sciences.

Fawaz, M., Hamdan-Mansour, A., & Tassi, A. (2018). Challenges facing nurse education in the advanced healthcare environment.
International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences
, 9(1): 105-110.

Hein, E.  (2015).
Nursing Issues in the 21
st
Century: Perspectives from the Literature
. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health.

Roy, S., & Jones, D.  (2014).
Nursing Knowledge Development and Clinical Practice: Opportunities and Directions
. New York: Springer Publishing Company.

Yoost, B., & Crawford, L. (2019).
Fundamentals of Nursing E-Book: Active Learning for Collaborative Practice
.  New York: Elsevier Health Sciences. Nursing knowledge in the 21st century essay.

Human becoming theory (Parse theory) by Rosemarie Rizzo Parse essay

Overview of theory – Human becoming theory

Human becoming theory (Parse theory) was developed in 1981 by Rosemarie Rizzo Parse.

The theory is intended to guide nursing personnel in their professional practice through focus on quality of life in terms of description and practice.

The theory suggests that the personal perception of quality of life should be incorporated as a primary objective of nursing practice (Shives, 2008).

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The theory revolves around three assumptions as presented:

Meaning:

Every individual has the right to freely choose a personal meaning when prioritizing living values.

Individual reality is assigned meaning based on lived experiences.

Every individual reacts with the environment in the process of living

Rhythmicity:

Living entails having rhythmic patterns that incorporate mutual processes with the environment.

Every individual has rhythmic patterns of interaction with the environment through imaging, valuing and language. Human becoming theory (Parse theory) by Rosemarie Rizzo Parse essay.

Transcendence:

Every individual is a multidimensional being with emerging possibilities.

Set limits can be exceeded through effort.

Every individual constantly transforms over time (Shives, 2008).

Overall, the theory acknowledges that every individual is a combination of spiritual, sociological, psychological and biological factors.

In addition, every individual is a unitary being that is in a mutual and continuous interaction with the environment.

Also, every individual is more than the sum of the parts.

Additionally, health is the process of becoming and becoming through values being synthesized such that nursing is required to make abstract inferences on how to optimize individual interactions with the environment while going beyond the sum of parts (Black, 2016). Human becoming theory (Parse theory) by Rosemarie Rizzo Parse essay.

Overview of the critique

The theory’s application is limited by the requirement that the nurse’s personal values must be congruent with the theory’s view of the world and health.

In addition, it is limited by the need for congruence with the nurse’s professional values that include esoteric utility, exoteric foundations and alignment with other health care values.

Also, it is limited by the need for congruence with social values in terms of fulfilling public expectations about the role of nurses. Human becoming theory (Parse theory) by Rosemarie Rizzo Parse essay.

Additionally, it is limited by the need for social significance in terms of making substantial contributions and differences to the lives of both nursing personnel and their patients (Shives, 2008). Human becoming theory (Parse theory) by Rosemarie Rizzo Parse essay.

The theory presents some unique strengths and weaknesses.

Strengths

It presents nursing as a unique medical discipline that is differentiated from other disciplines.

It is useful in educating nursing personnel.

It is useful in guiding nursing research methodologies.

It offers a framework to guide the inquiry of other nursing theories.

Weaknesses

It does not present quantifiable results since it does not allow for comparisons

It negates the notion that ever individual has a unique lived experience.

It is not accessible to novice nursing personnel.

It is not applicable to emergency and acute nursing care (Shives, 2008). Human becoming theory (Parse theory) by Rosemarie Rizzo Parse essay

Theorist’s most significant contributions to nursing/health care

In presenting human becoming theory, Rosemarie Rizzo Parse made two significant contributions to nursing and health care.

The first contribution is the presentation of two paradigms:

Firstly, totality paradigm whereby every individual is considered as a system made of spiritual, social, psychological and biological parts. These parts interact with the environment through external and internal stimuli to result in a unique health status. Human becoming theory (Parse theory) by Rosemarie Rizzo Parse essay.

Secondly, simultaneity paradigm whereby every individual is a solitary being that is in constant and mutual interaction with the environment, while health status is simply the incidental result of the interaction. This implies that health is a reactive process to equalize the external and internal stimuli resultant from human interaction with the environment (Sitzman & Eichelberge 2011).

The second contribution is her presentation of a unique awareness of the interrelationship between health, humans and the universe, thus shifting nursing care aware from the mechanical mass approach towards individualized care models. In fact, the theorist humanizes the nature of nursing care by emphasizing that every human being has unique experiences that must be acknowledged in nursing care thus validating unitary health perceptions (Sitzman & Eichelberge 2011). Human becoming theory (Parse theory) by Rosemarie Rizzo Parse essay.

Overall, the theorist presents structural and functional components that seek to improve nursing ecology through placing emphasis on the environment, interaction processes between nursing personnel and their patients, and quality of life as well as health promotion (Marquis & Huston, 2017).

Link between theory and clinical nursing practice

The theory offers a unique perspective of nursing practice.

Firstly, it transforms all levels of nursing care through emphasis on individual care models.

Secondly, it allows nursing personnel to see the patients’ perspective thus improving the efficiency in achieving the desired health outcomes. Human becoming theory (Parse theory) by Rosemarie Rizzo Parse essay.

Thirdly, it presents unique health patterns by redefining the nurse-patient relationship.

Fourthly, it enhances the awareness of human lived experiences, quality of nursing care, quality of life, and health.

Finally, the theory protects and promotes human health through collaborations that protect the environments while integrating actions targeted at coping with environmental and social determinants of health even as problems derived from human interactions with the environment are prevented.

Overall, the theory presents a sustainable framework that allows nursing personnel to improve their patients’ quality of life (Sitzman & Eichelberge 2011). Human becoming theory (Parse theory) by Rosemarie Rizzo Parse essay.

 

References

Black, B. (2016).
Professional nursing-e-book: concepts & challenges
. New York, NY: Elsevier Health Sciences.

Marquis, B. L. & Huston, C. J. (2017).
Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: theory and application
(9
th
ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

Shives, L. (2008).
Basic concepts of psychiatric-mental health nursing
(7
th
ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Sitzman, K. & Eichelberge, L. (2011).
Understanding the work of nurse theorists: a creative beginning
(2
nd
ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Human becoming theory (Parse theory) by Rosemarie Rizzo Parse essay.

 

Theory evaluation

The selected theory is Human Becoming Theory presented by Rosemarie Parse. The theory maintains that quality of life is a medical notion best interpreted from each individual patient’s perspective. That is because health is the interpretation of the rhythmic interaction between the individual and the environment, and these interactions are unique and every changing for every individual. A critique of the theory shows that it differentiates nursing from other medical professions through emphasis on acknowledging the uniqueness of each patient as an individual. The acknowledgement presents opportunities for personalized care in practice, acts as a framework for exploring other nursing theories, and presents useful care guidelines. In essence, the theory transforms nursing care through demanding that the patients’ perspective should be incorporated when determining desired health care goals (Shives, 2008). Human becoming theory (Parse theory) by Rosemarie Rizzo Parse essay. Although the theory presents an opportunity for transforming nursing care through personalized care, there are opportunities for further developing and refining the theory in maternal health nursing. Firstly, the theory is focused on conjectural and speculative notions and is not supported by quantifiable results. That is because research on the theory does not present standardized question, does not have control groups, and its results are difficult to compare with other studies. This implies that there is a need to develop strategies for presenting quantifiable results that would make the theory more acceptable. Secondly, the theory does not make use of the nursing process (assess, diagnose, plan, implement and evaluate). Rather, it makes use of philosophical processes. There is a need to align the theory with the nursing process. Thirdly, the theory is not accessible to novice nurses since incorporating the patients’ perspective requires expert skills and extensive experiences. Finally, the theory is not applicable to emergency and acute care since there is not opportunity to acquire the patients’ perspective (Black, 2016; Sitzman & Eichelberge, 2011). Addressing the mentioned concerns is anticipated to improve the theory’s performance. Human becoming theory (Parse theory) by Rosemarie Rizzo Parse essay.

 

References

Black, B. (2016).
Professional nursing-e-book: concepts & challenges
. New York, NY: Elsevier Health Sciences.

Shives, L. (2008).
Basic concepts of psychiatric-mental health nursing
(7
th
ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Sitzman, K. & Eichelberge, L. (2011).
Understanding the work of nurse theorists: a creative beginning
(2
nd
ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Human becoming theory (Parse theory) by Rosemarie Rizzo Parse essay

Compassion Fatigue in Nursing Sample Essay

According to the human caring theory that was developed by Jean Watson, the only relationship that exists between a patient and a nurse is that of caring which requires compassion, empathy, spiritual, emotional and physical presence in all interactions. Therefore, he theorized that, compassion is an integral aspect of a caring environment. Nurses have a mandatory role of developing a caring environment and can use the ten caritas process to actualize this development in their daily routines to ensure a healing environment (Cocker & Joss, 2016).  The ten caritas are however not only applicable for the patient but also for nurses. This is attributed to the fact that nurses must be healthy in order to provide patient care. Compassion Fatigue in Nursing Sample Essay.

It should however be noted that, nurses are often exposed to traumatic events of the people they care for and this can negatively impact, patient care standards, how to relate with friends, family and colleagues or even lead to more serious mental health disorders especially depression, post-traumatic stress disorder or anxiety, a situation that is best described as compassion fatigue (Mathias & Wentzel, 2017). In this concept analysis paper of compassion fatigue, Avant & Walker’s concept analysis approach will be used to analyze compassion fatigue and its relation to a caring environment. Avant & Walkers concept analysis approach includes: concept definition, literature review, attributes definition, identifying consequences and antecedents, identifying two empirical referents and reviewing a model case. Compassion Fatigue in Nursing Sample Essay.

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According to (Mathias & Wentzel (2017), compassion fatigue is defined as a sustained feeling of tiredness with a diminished capacity to function effectively both mentally and physically. The most specific attributes that can be used to define compassion fatigue include:  emotional exhaustion, patient depersonalization, self-centeredness and cynicism.

References

Cocker, F., & Joss, N. (2016). Compassion Fatigue among Healthcare, Emergency and Community Service Workers: A Systematic Review. 
International journal of environmental research and public health
, 
13
(6), 618. doi:10.3390/ijerph13060618

Mathias, C. T., & Wentzel, D. L. (2017). Descriptive study of burnout, compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction in undergraduate nursing students at a tertiary education institution in KwaZulu-Natal. 
Curationis
, 
40
(1), e1-e6. doi:10.4102/curationis.v40i1.1784 Compassion Fatigue in Nursing Sample Essay

The future of nursing sample essay

The future of nursing is likely to experience an evolutionary shift from the current literature-based knowledge towards personalized learning frameworks. This is based on two reasons. Firstly, every individual has a subjective perspective of knowledge that is based on personal experiences both in the classroom and field as learning environments. This implies that knowledge needs may not necessarily be the same for two nurses even when they are at the same level. Secondly, learning and knowledge acquisition is a dynamic process that relies on personal reflection and interaction with the environment (Bonis, 2009). In essence, nursing theory development is likely to shift towards allowing nurses to explore humanistic and individualized care approaches that not only exhibit a good understanding of nursing care needs, but also transform the definition of nursing care within the health care environment while allowing individual nurses to find meaning in the profession. Hupcey and Penrod (2005) present similar sentiments when noting that theory development in nursing must have both meaning and purpose, in addition to finding out the ‘truth’. The future of nursing sample essay The implication is that while previous nursing theories development focused on presenting the truth, future theory development is anticipated to focus on personalized frameworks that is linked to individualized care approaches. Risjord (2009) concurs with these sentiments when noting that theory development must move away from simply finding out the truth towards realistically addressing existing problems in nursing care. Given this awareness, I anticipate that nursing theory development in maternal health nursing will focus on the patients’ experiences as part of the care process and not as an incidental outcome. This knowledge has changed my personal definition of nursing from simply supporting other medical professions (particularly physicians) towards the provision of a unique and differentiated medical service that is essential to the curative process. To be more precise, nurses enrich the care process by adopting an individualized approach that considers each patient as a singular unit with unique needs. In this respect, the future of nursing is likely to entail an increased focus on individualized and personalized care. The future of nursing sample essay.

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References

Bonis, S. A. (2009). Knowing in nursing: a concept analysis.
Journal of Advanced Nursing
, 65(6), 1328-1341. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04951.x

Hupcey, J. E., & Penrod, J. (2005). Concept analysis: examining the state of the science.
Research and Theory for Nursing Practice: An International Journal
, 19(2), 197-208.

Risjord, M. (2009). Rethinking concept analysis.
Journal of Advanced Nursing
, 65(3), 684-691. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04903.x The future of nursing sample essay

Theory Practice Gap Nursing Essay

Advancements in medical practice such as the use of medical technology for diagnosis and management of illnesses as well as the gradual population growth witnessed across the country needs individualized, prompt and highly skilled medical care.  It is for this reason that the nursing profession is urgently in need of reforms to fill the gap that currently exists between clinical practice and theory. Although there are a lot of controversies surrounding the existence of this gap, some of which are difficult to understand, the need to find strategies that meet human health needs is paramount. Theory Practice Gap Nursing Essay. This paper discusses some of the gaps that exist in nursing theory and provides highly effective strategies which can be used to fill this gap to meet population health demands.

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According to the Institute of Medicine, the quality of care delivered to American citizens is not only poor but also unsafe. Safety concerns have been associated with most healthcare organizations pushing towards making more profits as compared to providing high quality, efficient and effective care which results to good health outcomes (Institute of Medicine & Committee on the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing, 2011).   Based on this reasoning, it is strongly believed that most nursing programs only rush nursing students through their education and gets them released to provide services when they are not fully prepared or mastered some of the most important skills of creating a caring environment that is safe, culturally competent and patient-centered (Needham, McMurray & Shaban, 2016). Theory Practice Gap Nursing Essay. Based on this finding, it is probably important to consider changing the roles of nurse instructors, educators and nursing schools to provide training that imparts the mastery of skills, creativity, and knowledge which can be applied in clinical care to help fill the gap in nursing theory and practice.

Another approach of filling the gap in theory and practice as proposed by Dubé & Ducharme (2015) is embracing evidence-based practice through a constructivist approach in learning and teaching. Evidence-based practice is today a goal-standard of nursing care in clinical practice which is the reason that most education and healthcare institutions have shifted their focus to evidence-based research. A similar approach is proposed by Needham, McMurray & Shaban (2016) in an attempt to meet the healthcare demands in this century. They clearly outline that, academic strategies which focus on introducing EBP   in BSN nursing should be implemented in the preparation of nurses in the future. EBP involves reflective practice; problem-based learning and experimental learning which create a good foundation for nurses in active clinical practice (Dubé & Ducharme, 2015). With this approach, the gap in nursing theory and clinical practice can slowly be bridged since nurses will be able to apply some of the most present frameworks in obtaining and applying knowledge. Theory Practice Gap Nursing Essay.

Hatlevik (2012) outlines the recent advancements in the use of technology in medical practice and how important it is for healthcare organizations to integrate the use of EHRs systems in daily clinical practice. EHRs systems have numerous clinical advantages such as the provision of accurate, complete and up-to-date information at the point of care, more-coordinated and quick access to patient records, more reliable diagnoses and prescribing, improved work-life balance and productivity (Hatlevik, 2012). Collectively, the use of EHRs systems leads to reduced healthcare costs by improving safety, reducing paperwork and reducing the duplication of tests which improves care. He, however, notes that the ability of healthcare organizations to integrate EHRs systems in clinical practice has majorly been hindered by gaps in the classroom. Theory Practice Gap Nursing Essay.  Most nursing training programs fail to train nurses in computer systems to acquire the knowledge and skills that would be necessary for applying in the clinical setting (Hatlevik, 2012).  Therefore, upon the completion of training, they are not familiar with basic knowledge in computer systems which they are supposed to work with.

On the conflicting side, Sellman (2010) strongly advises that the gap that exists between nursing theory and practice should not only be appreciated but also preserved and respected. Although the majority in the nursing profession feels that nursing practice and theory ought to be synonymous, he highlights that when the variations between the two are not recognized, the essential differences can easily be forgotten. The differences discussed in this case is that when a theory is applied in classroom settings, it takes away the significance of clinical adaptations as well as the essence of theory on its own. Sellman (2010) is certain that there is a reason for the existence of this gap since practice and theory are totally two separate schools in terms of implementation and thoughts. From a personal perspective, I clearly understand Sellman’s argument but it’s not practical given the changing nature of nursing practice and the recommendations provided by the Institute of Medicine in their report
Leading Change

In conclusion, I feel that there is an urgent need for stakeholders in the health sector, the policymakers in the education sector, professional nursing organizations and nurses to work towards bridging the gap that exists between nursing theory and practice. Theory Practice Gap Nursing Essay. Apart from using simulations and administering knowledge-based assessments, nurse educators and clinical preceptors should consider molding nursing students to meet the standards recommended by the Institute of Medicine such that they will be able to embrace EBP and apply knowledge and skills learned in class to the clinical setting. When the significance of a coinciding nursing theory and clinical practice is understood is understood, nurses will be able to achieve some extent and sense of realism and be practical in daily practice. Theory Practice Gap Nursing Essay.

References

Dubé, V., & Ducharme, F. (2015). Nursing reflective practice: An empirical literature. 
Journal of Nursing Education and Practice
, 
5
(7).

Hatlevik, I. K. R. (2012). The theory‐practice relationship: reflective skills and theoretical knowledge as key factors in bridging the gap between theory and practice in initial nursing education. 
Journal of advanced nursing
, 
68
(4), 868-877.

Institute of Medicine (US). Committee on the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing. (2011). 
The future of nursing: Leading change, advancing health
. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.

Needham, J., McMurray, A., & Shaban, R. Z. (2016). Best practice in clinical facilitation of undergraduate nursing students. 
Nurse education in practice
, 
20
, 131-138.

Sellman, D. (2010). Mind the gap: philosophy, theory, and practice. 
Nursing Philosophy
, 
11
(2), 85-87. Theory Practice Gap Nursing Essay

Empirical referents definition essay

Define empirical referents

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Empirical referents is a research term for the measurable aspect that represents a concept of interest. In fact, they refer to quantifiable features that represent the changes of interest in a concept (Brush et al., 2011).  For instance, in seeking to measure pain, they would be objective and subjective empirical referents that quantify pain. The objective empirical referents would refer to the measures of pain that an independent observer notes while subjective empirical referents would refer to how the patient interprets the pain in terms of verbal and non-verbal expressions and experiences. In this case, pain is the concept of interest while the subjective and objective empirical referents are the measurable pain attributes. Empirical referents definition essay. The attributes could include displeasure, discomfort, fear of rejection, tissue damage, neurophysiological indicators, and emotional distress (Walker & Avant, 2005). It is notable that although empirical referents are intended to present accurate quantitative and comparative representations of the concept of interest, they are influenced by antecedents of the individual participants and subjects that could include demographic characteristics and environmental influences. Despite this shortcoming, it is important to note that empirical referents present a valuable opportunity for presenting a quantifiable perspective that helps in understanding all the components within any concept of interest to a researcher (Liu et al., 2014). In this respect, an empirical referent is a measurable approach for detailing the components and occurrences of a concept, acting as a tool that quantifies the processes associated with the concept and their outcomes Empirical referents definition essay.

References

Brush, B., Kirk, K., Gultekin, L. & Baiardi, J. (2011). Overcoming: a concept analysis.
Nurs Forum
. 46(3), 160-168. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6198.2011.00227.x

Liu, Y., Avant, K., Aungsuroch, Y., Zhang, X-Y. & Jiang, P. (2014). Patient outcomes in the field of nursing: a concept analysis. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 1(1), 69-74. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2014.02.006

Walker, L. O., & Avant, K., (2005).
Strategies for theory construction in nursing
(4
th
ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Empirical referents definition essay.