Category: Nursing

MN576 Primary care-focused visit Discussion Responses: Primary Care And Disease Affecting Women

Will need minimum of 150 words for each response, APA Style, double spaced, times new roman, font 12, and and Include: (1 reference for each response within years 2015-2018) with intext citations.

Discuss a primary care-focused visit devoted to wellness and or disease affecting women and health-enhancing strategies that you would include in the visit.

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Peer 1 Response

One primary care-focused visit devoted to wellness is the annual wellness visit (AWV). Components of this visit should include updating immunizations and suggesting needed immunizations, blood pressure checks to screen for hypertension, obesity counseling if needed, and any counseling for tobacco and alcohol use. Also important is doing a functional status review, screening for fall risk and cognitive abilities for seniors (Adler, 2017). If the patient were a senior with a chronic problem it would be good to do problem-focused physical exam and explore any patient concerns, if any. The Medicare Annual Wellness Visit is still an underutilized benefit for seniors, even though it can offer many benefits to increase a person’s preventive care. According to (Harvard Men’s Health Watch, 2017), this visit does not focus on a physical exam, but is instead a conversation with your health care provider about important health issues. MN576 Primary care-focused visit Discussion Responses: Primary Care And Disease Affecting Women This visit provides time for the patient to plan with their health care provider a healthy future. Other health-enhancing strategies focused on in this visit are a vision test, to detect if the patient needs glasses, a stronger prescription, or have signs of an eye disease. A balance test will be done to help gauge the risk for falls, as well as a hearing evaluation to see if the patient would benefit from a formal hearing test.

Another part of the AWV is developing a personalized plan to address ways the patient can stay active and maintain their current health. One primary care assessment that should be done at every visit is a depression screening. This doesn’t have to be a long questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) is a good screening tool. It consists of just 2 questions from the PHQ-9. If the patient screens positive with the PHQ-2, the full PHQ-9 can be completed. According (Fuchs, Haradhvala, & Uebelacker, 2015), the PHQ-2 has demonstrated strong validity and high sensitivity for detecting major depression in primary care MN576 Primary care-focused visit Discussion Responses: Primary Care And Disease Affecting Women.

Peer 2 Response

Women’s health care is a detailed visit that is focused on many different aspects of care. For example, women need education on special topics at all ages of life. One of the major concerns for aging women is osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a disease of the bones that occurs when there is bone loss, or the body makes too little bone, or both loss and decreased production (NOF, 2018). This conditon causes bones to become extremely fragile, which increases the risk of fracture. Fractures can occur following a fall or injury, or in severe cases even from a minor bump to the area (NOF, 2018). MN576 Primary care-focused visit Discussion Responses: Primary Care And Disease Affecting Women. Osteoporotic bones have a honeycomb appears due to the loss in bone density. For women over 50, the risk of osteoporosis increases and the provider should order a bone density scan to monitor the structure of the bone. Bone density scans are the only diagnostic testing for osteoporosis prior to a broken bone (NOF, 2018). The diagnostic test for bone density is done through x-ray called a Dexa Scan. Dexa stands for dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. (NOF, 2018). Dexa scans should be conducted every 1-2 years depending on patient history and risk factors. The Dexa scan results are determined by a T-score. Normal T-score results are -1.0 and anything above -1.0 are mild to severe osteoporosis (NOF, 2018). One of the medications used to treat osteoporosis is Actonel. Actonel is an oral medication that is taken daily. The mediation is designed to slow bone loss and even help to prevent fractures. (Actonel, 2017). One of the side effects that needs to be discussed with patients is that is can cause GI upset, so it the patient has a history of GI issues, another medication is most likely the better option. MN576 Primary care-focused visit Discussion Responses: Primary Care And Disease Affecting Women.

Statistics and the impact of homeless women on women’s health mn576 essay

Homeless Women

Women play an integral role in society and are essentially the backbone to most families. Caring out the duty as the care giver, nurturer, companion, mother and wife, women have a large role to take on. Unfortunately, things occur like poverty, abuse, low paying jobs, lack of access to healthcare and family planning causing these women and their families to resort to a shelter to prevent living in their car or the woods. According to &&&& the majority of homeless people are simply ordinary families who have fallen on difficult times, forced into homelessness, resulting in resuming their normal daily activities out of a shelter.  Homelessness especially in women is a growing unfortunate issue in the United States.  Homelessness is defined as not having an adequate, regular, nighttime residence (**). According to ** women and families are the fastest growing homeless population to date. Homelessness patient are seen every day in hospitals throughout the United States making these patients more vulnerable to developing health problems and increased barriers to care in the community. Homeless women are unlikely to receive medical attention when needed due to  poverty, limited social support, low literacy, fragmented systems, mode of transportation, lack of funds,  and more than likely have suffered from mental health issues, substance abuse, victimization, sexual abuse and homeless histories. Statistics and the impact of homeless women on women’s health mn576 essay.

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I chose homeless women as my vulnerable population because I feel there is a lack of awareness with this population. As of 2017, 554,000 people were homeless and 88% of those were females (**).There needs to be more awareness about homeless women because not only is it them, it’s usually their kids they have with them and our involved with this disparity. These patients need reliable care, regular source of health care and social support. Homelessness erodes human spirits and wellbeing causing individuals to become entrapped in feelings of diminished self- worth and hopelessness. Statistics and the impact of homeless women on women’s health mn576 essay.

Statistics and the impact of homeless women on women’s health.

Currently, women are the fastest growing population of the homeless community. *4 % of homeless people are women, and 53% of those homeless women are mothers without a high school education (**). As for Florida, 32,190 people were homeless in 2017 and 2,846 of those were women with children (**).

Lack of access to appropriate health care in homeless women impact women’s health in more ways than other including mental, maternal, prenatal, and preventive Statistics and the impact of homeless women on women’s health mn576 essay. Homeless women are at an increasing risk of poor health outcomes and are less likely to access health care including routine visits or preventive care like mammograms, pap smears, prenatal care, appropriate ambulatory care, and specialty care which can cause further issues down the road. Menstruation occurs every month and access to menstruation products is often limited in homeless women therefore, women who are homeless are more prone to infections caused by unsanitary pads and care during that time. Missing annual pap smears or not having access to health care when a patient may have a sexually transmitted disease (STI) can impact women’s health by causing the patient to potentially infect other people, increase their risk for HIV, increase risk for infertility, and or may become severely systemic leading to death. Statistics and the impact of homeless women on women’s health mn576 essay.

Another impact is access to comprehensive maternal health care can be difficult for homeless women and because of that lack of prenatal care and or unintended pregnancies are higher among homeless women and should be taken into consideration as an impact on women’s health. Prenatal care is not only vital for the baby but also the mother’s wellbeing as it heightens the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes which can be linked to poor physical health and unmet healthcare needs (**). The path to motherhood is expensive for every mom therefore being homeless only puts more strains and stress on mother causing them to miss out on doctor’s appointment and medications. Missing out on prenatal care can also lead to premature babies, low gestational weight, neural tube defects from lack of folic acid and unforeseen complications during labor. Statistics and the impact of homeless women on women’s health mn576 essay.  Women also lack access to care for chronic illnesses that may include hypertension, asthma, anemia, or hyperlipidemia leading to cardiovascular conditions. Not only do these patients physical health need to be monitored, but these patients need to be screened and monitored for psychosocial needs like depression, emotional support, anxiety, and low socio economic status.

 Psychosocial Needs

Psychosocial needs are essentially meeting the needs of an individual’s mental health and social well-being. Evaluating the patient’s mental health, functional ability, cognition/ knowledge, developmental history, social history, suicidal ideations, drug/ alcohol history, and family history are all vital. Homelessness unfortunately affects ones psychosocial well-being and ultimately effects their ability to cope with adversity on a daily basis. Major mental health ailments like depression, anxiety, suicide, schizophrenia are all among the homeless population. Ultimately analyzing the psychosocial needs in this population helps assess the perception of self and the individual’s ability to function in the community. Specifically for the women homeless community, some important psychosocial needs that would need to be analyzed are emotional and mental needs, self- respect, feelings of worthlessness and lack of control over one’s life.  Severe mental illnesses are found among the homeless people especially women not being able to cope with the reality of being homeless. Analyzing these patients and making sure they are coping with their living situation, socio economical status, adjusting to these changes in their lives. Women go through hormonal changes including menopause so assessing depression is vital. Research has proven that suicide and self-harm are prevailing among the homeless population which makes evaluating depression levels and making sure there are no suicidal ideations vital. According to ** Greater than one in four people (26.8%) had considered suicide in the past year. 7.8% had actually attempted suicide in the same period.  Ensuring these patients remain hopeful and optimistic about their future and moving on from being homeless. Statistics and the impact of homeless women on women’s health mn576 essay.

Guilt is an appropriate psychosocial need to analyze, especially if a mother has taken her children and left the father because the relationship was abusive. Making sure these homeless patients still meet their basic needs in order to cope with daily living including emotional and well- being. Evaluating their anxiety level goes with mental status. According to *** deterioration of physical health is closely linked to the psychosocial wellbeing.

Culturally competent care delivery

Homelessness poses many clinical challenges to healthcare providers who provide health services to this population including delivering culturally competent care. As a healthcare provider, it is critical that we are culturally sensitive to our patient but especially to homeless patients and respect their diversity. Being cultural competent applies to knowledge about the population, attitude, and the skills needed to provide the competent care (**).  Unfortunately, when socio-economic status differs from the people we serve its imperative that we learn and take into considerations the challenges they may endure and face living in poverty and being homeless. By being culturally sensitive, it allows us as healthcare providers to build safety and establish the tone for open dialogue. Statistics and the impact of homeless women on women’s health mn576 essay.
 

Culturally and ethically competent care methods

Every healthcare provider has the ability to improve delivering culturally and ethically competent care. It all begins with determining our own strengths and weaknesses in being culturally competent.  As a healthcare provider, some different methods I would use would include not unintentionally stereotyping the patients, labeling the patients, or making assumptions or judgement on these patients. Research and collect relevant cultural data about homelessness, poverty, low literacy and socio economical status would be done prior to delivering care to this population. Taking my time explaining care to these patients avoiding the use of medical terminology and more jargon. Becoming more aware of the different resources in the community which may be beneficial to the patient and seek to understand the social factors that might affect the individual’s health and why they are in this predicament. Statistics and the impact of homeless women on women’s health mn576 essay.

Conclusion

Homelessness in America is a growing epidemic that unfortunately affects the lives of many people including women. People seem to think when people are homeless it just affects them not having a steady to sleep at night, but that is not the case. Homelessness in women affect their psychosocial needs, healthcare needs, prenatal needs, and postpartum needs making them at higher risk of injury and illness and less likely to get appropriate  health care they need . As health care providers that we take the time and care for this vulnerable female population, understand and prevent the risk these patients pose on their health by being homeless all while delivering culturally competent care. Statistics and the impact of homeless women on women’s health mn576 essay.

Intra uterine device (Mirena) vs Depo-Provera Contraception MN 576 Essay.

Many elements need to be considered individually by a woman, man, or couple when choosing the most appropriate contraceptive method. Some of these elements include safety, effectiveness, availability (including accessibility and affordability), and acceptability. Although most contraceptive methods are safe for use by most women, U.S. MEC provides recommendations on the safety of specific contraceptive methods for women with certain characteristics and medical conditions.

Compare and contrast two forms of contraception including indications, contraindications, side effects, US Medical Eligibility Criteria (USMRC), US Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use (USSPR), affordability, and mechanisms of action. Intra uterine device (Mirena) vs Depo-Provera Contraception MN 576 Essay.

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Intra uterine device (Mirena)

Intra uterine devices (IUD) are considered long-acting, reversible contraception (LARC). These types of contraceptives are highly effective since they do not depend on patient’s compliance on a daily basis. Most LARC methods of contraception are appropriate for the majority of women, including adolescents and nulliparous women.

Mechanisms of action: There are two different type of IUD’s, those with hormones and those without hormones. The Mirena is an IUD that contains synthetic hormones that is 99.9% effective and can stay in for up to 5 years (Mirena, 2018). The ParaGard is also an IUD and is 98% effective with no hormone release and can stay in for up to 10 years. For the sake of this review the author will talk about the Mirena. The Mirena is placed in the uterus by a provider. Mirena has several ways of working, it thickening of the cervical mucus and thins out the lining of the uterus due to the hormone release. The actual device itself sperm movement which reducing sperm survival (Patient Information Mirena, 2017).

Indication: Mirena release hormones that prevents pregnancy for up to 5 years. It is also indicated for treatment of heavy menstrual cycles in women who are also choosing to use a contraceptive (Curtis et al., 2016).

Contraindications: The U.S Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraception Use advises that an IUD is contraindicated in women with distorted uterine cavity, current breast cancer the LNG- IUD the copper T is safe, endometrial cancer, gestational trophoblastic disease, current pelvic inflammatory disease, immediate post-septic abortion, postpartum sepsis, STD’s, pelvic tuberculosis, and unexplained vaginal bleeding (Summary Chart of U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2017). Intra uterine device (Mirena) vs Depo-Provera Contraception MN 576 Essay.

Side effects: Side effects include but are not limited to bleeding, and pain after insertion. Possible expulsion after insertion. Changes in menstrual cycle that include spotting between cycles especially during the first 3- 6 months and menstruation may be heavier the first 3 months as well. About 12% of women develop ovaria cysts (Curtis et al., 2016).

USSPR: When a woman has not had her cervix dilatate it can become difficult to insert the Mirena, therefore some providers use Misoprostol to dilatate the cervix for insertion. However, this is noS longer the recommended. It is only indicated who have failed previous insertion (Curtis et al., 2016). Intra uterine device (Mirena) vs Depo-Provera Contraception MN 576 Essay.

Affordability: The manufacturing company is Liletta’s who has strived to make it affordable or all income levels. Unlike a daily contraception method, the Mirena is a onetime cost that includes the providers services. The price to the patient may range depending on their insurance yet an estimated price is about $1000 (Mirena, 2018).

Depo-Provera

Mechanisms of action: Depo-Provera is an injection that is administered every 3 months. It contains medroxyprogesterone acetate that inhibits the secretion of gonadotropins that prevents follicular maturation and ovulation. It thins the endometrial lining; these are the contraceptive effects. It is 94% effective (Highlights of Prescribing Information, 2018). Intra uterine device (Mirena) vs Depo-Provera Contraception MN 576 Essay.

Indications: Depo-Provera clinical indication is to prevent pregnancy. However, it is also used for women who suffer from dysmenorrhea. Since Depo-prover thin the lining of the uterus I can eventually result in amenorrhea (Highlights of Prescribing Information, 2018).

Contraindications: The U.S Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptives Use states that contraindications of the use of Depo-Provera is a current diagnosis of breast cancer. Depo-Provera theoretically or proven risks usually outweigh the advantages in patients who have had past and no evidence of current breast disease for 5 years, severe cirrhosis, nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, other vascular disease or diabetes longer the years, history of stroke, systemic lupus erythematous, unexplained vaginal bleeding (Summary Chart of U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2017).

Side effects: More the 5% of women reported having side effects that include headache, abdominal pain, increased weight gain of more than 10 lb. at 24 months, nervousness, dizziness, decreased libido, irregularities with menstruation. About 1-5% of women reported fatigue, backache, dysmenorrhea, hot flashes, nausea, bloating, edema, leg cramps, depression, insomnia, acne, alopecia, rash, leukorrhea, breast pain and vaginitis (Highlights of Prescribing Information, 2018). Intra uterine device (Mirena) vs Depo-Provera Contraception MN 576 Essay.

USSPR: Depo-Provera can be given at any reasonable time if she meets the criteria of administration. If the injection is given within the 7 first days of menstruation no additional contraceptive is needed. If it is started more then 7 days since menstruation a patient should abstain from sexual intercourse or use another form of contraception (Curtis et al., 2016).

Affordability: Depo Provera starts at about $100 and be as affordable as $40.13 with Good RX. Since the injection is given every 3 months this can be an affordable choice for patients. The administration can be done by the provider medical assistant staff. Just like the Mirena, a patient’s insurance may cover all or some of these costs (Depro Provera, 2018). Intra uterine device (Mirena) vs Depo-Provera Contraception MN 576 Essay.

References

Curtis, K. M., Jatlaoui, T. C., Tepper, N. K., Zapata, L. B., Horton, L. G., Jamieson, D. J., & Whiteman, M. K. (2016). U.S. Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use, 2016. MMWR. Recommendations And Reports: Morbidity And Mortality Weekly Report. Recommendations And Reports, 65(4), 1-66. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr6504a1 ttps://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/rr/rr6504a1.htm?s_cid=rr6504a1_w

Depo Provera. (2018). Good Rx. Retrieved from
https://www.goodrx.com/depo-provera?drug-name=depo+provera

Highlights of Prescribing Information. (2018). Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/020246s036lbl.pdf Intra uterine device (Mirena) vs Depo-Provera Contraception MN 576 Essay

Summary Chart of U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use. (2017). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/contraception/pdf/summary-chart-us-medical-eligibility-criteria_508tagged.pdf

Patient Information Mirena (June, 2017). Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved from
https://labeling.bayerhealthcare.com/html/products/pi/Mirena_PPI.pdf

Mirena. (2018). Good Rx. Retrieved at
https://www.goodrx.com/mirena?drug-name=mirena

 

Response

Miriah, thank you for your insightful response to this week’s discussion board. I chose to read and respond to your post because I spent my time researching Mirena and Depo-Provera. I found it intriguing the exact since behind why combined oral contraception (COC) is contraindicated for patients with dyslipidemia. The study was done on women who were taking COC, 665 hypertensive women and 665 normotensive women. In general, women who have hypertensive have a higher risk of mixed hyperlipidemia or dyslipidemia than those that are normotensive. The study results show that dyslipidemia and the long-term use of COC increase the risk of hypertension, which we know leads to stroke. Results also reviled that patients that took COC longer than 15 years and have dyslipidemia had an increased higher risk of hypertension. The study also offered a solution; if the patient stopped taking the COC then this can be considered an effective antihypertensive measure (Wei et al., 2011). Intra uterine device (Mirena) vs Depo-Provera Contraception MN 576 Essay.

Reference

Wei, W., Li, Y., Chen, F., Chen, C., Sun, T., Sun, Z., & … Ba, L. (2011). Dyslipidaemia, combined oral contraceptives use and their interaction on the risk of hypertension in Chinese women.
Journal of Human Hypertension,
25(6), 364-371. doi:10.1038/jhh.2010.67 Intra uterine device (Mirena) vs Depo-Provera Contraception MN 576 Essay

 

Responses

Debbie, thank you for your response of this week’s discussion. I am glad that you chose to write about the Nexplanon. I don’t know about your clinical rotation but during contraception counseling my provider seems to shy away from having women opt to have this implanted due to the issue. One of the biggest concerns that woman worry about and that they have heard through other friends and family is that the Nexplanon travels. I came across this very interesting case study of a 17 year old female that had the Nexplanon implanted by her general practitioner. She was having irregular bleeding, so the plan was for her to have it removed. Once they went in to remove it the implant was no where to be found. Intra uterine device (Mirena) vs Depo-Provera Contraception MN 576 Essay. The provider contacted the manufacturer who suggested that she have a CT done of her thorax. The CT thorax reviled that the implant had traveled to the left lower lobe of the pulmonary artery branch occluding the pulmonary vessel with no necrosis or infection. The options for removal of the device came with high risk and included a lobectomy. The providers and patient opted to leave the implant in place since it was suspected that the implant had been in her left lower lobe for the last 2 years, since the patient felt it was missing. This is an extreme case yet one that we as new nurse practitioner should take into consideration if we ever implant this device (Barlow-Evans, Jaffer, & Balogun, 2017).

Reference

Barlow-Evans, R., Jaffer, K., & Balogun, M. (2017). Migration of a Nexplanon contraceptive implant to the pulmonary artery. BMJ Case Reports, 2017doi:10.1136/bcr-2017-219259 Intra uterine device (Mirena) vs Depo-Provera Contraception MN 576 Essay

MN 576 – Cervical Cancer Essay

Cervical cancer affects the cells in the cervix and the T zone of the cervix (in between the ectocervix and endocervix)

Cervical cancer at one time was the most common cancers affecting women, until 1950s when papanicolaor (pap) smears were introduced. George Papanikolaou was the founder of the pap smear in 1928 after months of observing his wife’s cervical cells under a microscope.

One of the most preventable types of cancer, if found early it is highly treatable

HPV is about 99% of the cause of cervical cancer MN 576 – Cervical Cancer Essay

Cervical cancer is ranked 14
th
in cancer frequency

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Cervical Cancer Screening

Cervical cancer screening is recommended for women between the ages of 21- 65 years old and is done to detect abnormal cells (precancerous cells) which can turn into cancerous cells

All women are at risk for cervical cancer but it occurs more often in women over the age of 30 years old.

Cervical cancer affects not only women but their family as well

Since the pap smear was introduced in the 1950s death rates as a result of cervical cancer have reduced by 70%, saving thousands of women from death MN 576 – Cervical Cancer Essay

Cervical cancer screening has declined in the last 10 years and there needs to be more awareness

Cervical Cancer Screening Methods

Liquid based cytology- Cervix cells are scraped and preserved in liquid before sent to lab to be analyzed

Pap smear- Cervical cells are scraped and analyzed under a microscope (Microscope picture)

Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines

Ages 21- 29

Ages 30-65

Age 65- older

Routine pap Q 3 years if results are normal

Routine pap with HPV reflex Q 5 years.  IF HPV positive then screening is done Q 12 months.

Not recommended if hysterectomy was done with removal of cervix and no history of high risk cervical cancer.

If abnormal cells are detected, pap with HPV reflex is done every 12 months until 2 consecutive negative results.

 

Or pap test alone Q 3 years or HPV alone Q 5 years.

MN 576 – Cervical Cancer Essay

 

General Statistics US

53.8% of screening eligible women ages 21-29 was current with their cervical screening in 2016

64.6 % of screening eligible women ages 30-65 years old was current with their cervical screening in 2016

A little of half of women ages 21-29 in the US were up- to-date with cervical screenings MN 576 – Cervical Cancer Essay

2/3 of women ages 30-65 in the US were up-to-date with cervical screening

Steady decrease in the amount of cervical screenings in the last 15 years in the younger age group (25-49), where the incidence rate of cervical cancer cases is highest.

 

 

Racial Disparities Statistics

African American women are 50% less likely to be up to date with cervical screening compared to white women

Asian women are 30 % less likely to be up to date with cervical screening compared to white women

Ethnic minority women are less likely to get cervical screening MN 576 – Cervical Cancer Essay

 

Impact on Women

In the US, 4,000 women die from cervical cancer a year

Ages 35-64 years old with regular screening have a 67% reduction in stage 1 A cancer and a 95% reduction in stage 3 cancer or worse

Cervical cancer currently prevents 70% of cervical cancer related death if done regularly

Cervical screening is responsible for the reduction of 492,000 cases of cervical cancer over the past 3 decades

When screened and detected at an early stage, the 5 year survival rate for invasive cervical cancer is 92%

Issues Impacting Screenings

Cost-
Women without health insurance, living in poverty, or low income are less likely to get cervical cancer screening MN 576 – Cervical Cancer Essay

Cervical cancer screening tests is mandated by the Affordable Care Act as of 2010, but anything prior is not required

Lack of knowledge/ Awareness-
Patients are not aware of the importance of screening for cervical cancer and the risk of not getting screened.

Awareness about cervical cancer and its screenings are lower amongst women from Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic backgrounds

More awareness in the school system or at the health clinics, primary care offices and work places would be beneficial.

Patients think that the HPV vaccines cover them for developing cervical cancer so they opt out of screening.

Fear
– Women are afraid to get screened because of the perceived pain, anxiety or the fear of knowing they have a cancer or abnormal cell growth, so they rather just not know.

Body Image –
35 % of women are opting out of cervical screening because they are embarrassed of their bodies, 38% because of what their vulva looked like and 31% were opting out over smelling ‘normally’. MN 576 – Cervical Cancer Essay

Lack of access to screenings –
Lack of gynecologists in rural areas impaired access to cervical cancer screening. Patients are not willing to travel a few hours to get the care they need.

In order to improve cervical cancer screening rates in clinical settings, sufficient resources for cervical cancer screening need to be allocated in each municipality

Time-
Difficult for women to get off of work, find care for their children, a lot of clinics are not open late or on weekends. MN 576 – Cervical Cancer Essay

Public Health Essays

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Quarter Credit Hours: 4 | Prerequisite: None

PU680: Practical Skills in Public Health I

You will demonstrate public health knowledge and skills by working within a health organization. Through this onsite learning experience, you will engage with other public health professionals and train for the public health workforce. An onsite preceptor and University faculty member will evaluate student performance.

Quarter Credit Hours: 4 | Prerequisite: 
PU550 
and permission from the Clinical Placement Team

PU690: Practical Skills in Public Health II

In a continuation of Practical Skills in Public Health I, you will further develop practical skills related to working in the public health sector. Through this onsite learning experience, you will engage with other public health professionals and train for the public health workforce. An onsite preceptor and University faculty member will evaluate your performance. You will also complete written assignments in the course in order to reflect on skills and knowledge applied in the field of public health. Public Health Essays.

Quarter Credit Hours: 4 | Prerequisite: 
PU680
 and permission from the Clinical Placement Team

PU699: Master of Public Health Capstone

The Master of Public Health (MPH) Capstone provides a culminating, integrative experience in which you apply public health principles outside of the typical classroom setting. In this course, you will bridge the journey from a graduate student to public health professional through a series of activities, which can be personalized to meet your specific career goals. By successfully completing this course, you will have attained relevant experiences and professional deliverables that highlight your occupational potential in the public health workforce.

Quarter Credit Hours: 4 | Prerequisite: Last term or permission from the Dean Public Health Essays

Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health

The third most common cancer in women worldwide is Cervical cancer and is the second most frequent cause of cancer-related mortality with about 300,000 deaths annually (report.nih.gov, 2013). According to Siegel, Naishadham, & Jemal in 2013, there was an estimated 12,340 new cases of invasive cervical cancer in the United States and 4,030 estimated mortality. There was actually a 50% decrease in cancer death the past 30 years due to early detection using the Pap smear that provides detection of precancerous cells and cancerous cells in their earlier stage (Acog.org, 2016c; Vegunta, Kransdorf, & Mayer, 2014). Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health.

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Pap smear is used primarily to identify the cytology of the cervix and vagina and can also be used to identify presence of infection. Cervical cancer takes about 3–7 years for high-grade changes to occur and screening with Pap smear can detect these changes before they become cancer (acog.org, 2016b)

The USPSTF (U.S. Preventive Services Task Force) (2012) recommends screening for cervical cancer in women age 21 to 65 years with cytology (Pap smear) every 3 years if cotesting with HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) is not obtainable (acog.org, 2016b; Langsjoen, et al, 2015). However, beginning at age 30, the women who wants a longer interval of screening should combine cytology and HPV testing every 5 years (acog.org, 2016b; uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org, 2012; Moyer, 2012) because women older than 30 years correlates with increased incidence of high-grade lesions (acog.org, 2016b; Langsjoen, et al, 2015). Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health.

The USPSTF discourages screening for cervical cancer through Pap smear for women younger than 21 years (acog.org, 2016b; uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org, 2012; Moyer, 2012). According to Vegunta, Kransdorf, & Mayer (2014), 90% of HPV infections resolve in 2 years and although women below 20 years have the most incidence of HPV infections, they have minimal risk of developing invasive cervical cancer. Also, false positive can lead to unnecessary treatment that have an adverse effect on childbearing (Mayo, 2012). An example is the loop electrosurgical excision procedure that is linked with preterm delivery and increased risk of premature rupture of membranes (Vegunta, Kransdorf, & Mayer, 2014).

The USPSTF also discourages Pap smear for women older than 65 years who had sufficient prior screening and are considered low risk, as well as those who had hysterectomy with cervical excision without history of High-Grade Precancer or Cervical Cancer (acog.org, 2016b; uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org, 2012; Moyer, 2012). Based on a systematic review, risk of high-grade cervical lesions decreases with age and screening women older than 65 would not provide any benefit (acog.org, 2016b; Vesco, et al., 2014; Moyer, 2012). Sufficient prior screening means that a woman “do not have a history of moderate or severe abnormal cervical cells (dysplasia) or cervical cancer, and have had either three negative Pap test results in a row or two negative co-test results in a row within the past 10 years, with the most recent test performed within the past 5 years” (acog.org, 2016b). The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends Pap smear screening for women who had hysterectomy but the cervix is not removed (2016b). If the cervix is removed due to cervical cancer, Pap smear screening should be done for the next 20 years after surgery (acog.org, 2016b). However, if the cervix is removed but there is no history of cervical cancer, there is no need for screening (acog.org, 2016b). Frequent Pap smear screening is needed among women who were exposed to diethylstilbestrol before birth or have HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), immunocompromised or history of cervical cancer (acog.org, 2016b). Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health.

Women are still encouraged to follow up for well-woman exam (pelvic exam or internal exam) and check-up for counseling on birth control, vaccination, health screening, and preconception (avog.org, 2016b).

References:

Acog.org (2016a, February). Cervical Cancer Screening. Retrieved from: http://www.acog.org/Patients/FAQs/Cervical-Cancer-Screening

Acog.org (2016b, February). Frequently Asked Questions: Cervical Cancer Screening. Retrieved from: http://www.acog.org/Patients/FAQs/Cervical-Cancer-Screening

Acog.org (2016c). Pap smear (Pap test): Resource Overview. Retrieved from: http://www.acog.org/Womens-Health/Pap-Smear-Pap-Test

Langsjoen, J., Goodell, C., Castro, E., Thomas, J., Kuehl, T. J., Wehbe-Janek, H., & Hinskey, M. (2015). Improving compliance with cervical cancer screening guidelines. Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 28(4), 450-453. Retrieved from: http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.lib.kaplan.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=9b9cbb4b-9f33-444c-97e7-7ae16cd77daa%40sessionmgr103&vid=0&hid=112

Moyer, V.A. (2012, June 19). Screening for Cervical Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Clinical Guideline. Annals of Internal Medicine, 156(12), 880-891. Retrieved from: file:///C:/Users/ROGELIOMD/Downloads/cervcancerrs.pdf

Report.nih.gov (2013, March 29). Cervical Cancer. Retrieved from: https://report.nih.gov/nihfactsheets/viewfactsheet.aspx?csid=76

 

Siegel, R., Naishadham, D., & Jemal, A. (2013). Cancer statistics, 2013. CA Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 63:11–30.

 

USpreventiveservicestaskforce.org (2012, March). Final Update Summary: Cervical Cancer: Screening. Retrieved from: https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/cervical-cancer-screening

 

Vesco, K.K., Whitlock, E.P., Eder, M., et al. (2011, May). Screening for Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US). (Evidence Syntheses, No. 86.). Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK66099/

 

Vegunta, S., Kransdorf, L. N., & Mayer, A. P. (2014). Why more is not always better: New Pap Smear Guidelines. Journal of Women’s Health (15409996), 23(1), 105-106. doi:10.1089/jwh.2013.4634. Retrieved from: http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.lib.kaplan.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=67727849-312e-4fe3-ab1a-4b86648175dc%40sessionmgr120&vid=0&hid=112 Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health

Health Education essay assignments

HD510: Current Health Issues for Health Educators

In this survey course, students study specific critical health topics including specific health conditions, disease prevention, older adults, fitness, complementary and alternative medicine, and more. Students will evaluate current health research and publications and relate the research to health education programs and interventions. Proven strategies and benefits of health education are emphasized.

Quarter Credit Hours: 4 | Prerequisite: None

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HD599: Master’s Capstone in Health Education

This capstone course is the culminating experience for the Master of Science in Health Education. This course builds on the concepts of all the courses students have taken within the program of study. The capstone course provides students with the opportunity to integrate and synthesize the knowledge and skills acquired throughout the coursework in an original comprehensive project, and to assess their level of mastery of the stated outcomes of their degree program in health education. Health Education essay assignments.

Quarter Credit Hours: 4 | Prerequisite: Last term or permission from the Dean

HD625: Health Education Design, Implementation, and Administration

This course acquaints students with the components and essential design elements of comprehensive health education programming. Utilizing the seven areas of responsibilities for the health education specialist, students create programs for community, school, and private settings, learning to identify key constituents and the diversity of funding sources, both public and private. Health Education essay assignments Instruments for measuring outcomes are analyzed for both short- and long-term programs, as well as the essential administrative tasks, functions, and responsibilities required for successful results by the health educator.

Quarter Credit Hours: 4 | Prerequisite: None

Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health

Quiz Submissions – Unit 5 Midterm

Submission View

Random Section 1

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Question 1

2 / 2 points

Which HPV types are most often associated with cervical and anogenital cancer?

Question options:

1)

1, 2, and 3

2)

6 and 11

3)

16 and 18

4)

22 and 24

Question 2

2 / 2 points

During a breast exam you note all of the findings below as normal except:

Question options:

1)

asymetrical size

2)

a supernumerary nipple

3)

hyperpigmentation

4)

breasts that move up symmetrically with raising the arms

Question 3

2 / 2 points

A 30-year-old woman presents without symptoms but states that her male partner has dysuria without penile discharge. Examination reveals a friable cervix covered with thick yellow discharge. This description is most consistent with an infection caused by:

Question options:

1)

Chlamydia trachomatis.

2)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

3)

human papillomavirus (HPV).

4)

Trichomonas vaginalis.

Question 4

2 / 2 points

The vaccine Gardasil that is used to prevent some strains of HPV infection is recommended in both males and females. Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health.

Question options:

1) True

2) False

Question 5

2 / 2 points

Lesbians may experience which of the following barriers to health care?

Question options:

1)

Homophobia from the healthcare provider

2)

Incorrect knowledge about health care needs of lesbians by healthcare providers

3)

Lack of insurance and/or access under partner’s coverage

4)

All of the above

Question 6

2 / 2 points

Which of the following best describes lesions associated with condyloma acuminatum?

Question options:

1)

verruciform

2)

plaque-like

3)

vesicular-form

4)

bullous

Question 7

2 / 2 points

Presumptive treatment for PID should be initiated in sexually active young women and other women at risk for STDs if they are experiencing pelvic or lower abdominal pain, if no cause for the illness other than PID can be identified, and if one or more of the following minimum clinical criteria are present on pelvic examination: Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health.

Question options:

1)

cervical motion tenderness

2)

uterine tenderness

3)

adnexal tenderness.

4)

All of the above

Question 8

2 / 2 points

How long after contact do clinical manifestations of syphilis typically occur?

Question options:

1)

less than 1 week

2)

1 to 3 weeks

3)

2 to 4 weeks

4)

4 to 6 weeks

Question 9

2 / 2 points

In assessing a woman with disabilities, which of the following terms should be avoided?

Question options:

1)

Crippled

2)

Handicapped

3)

Mentally retarded

4)

All of the above

Question 10

2 / 2 points Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health

The definition of menopause is

Question options:

1)

Frequently skipping period for one year

2)

One year without a period

3)

Onset of hot flashes and night sweats with irregular menstruation

4)

None of the above

Question 11

2 / 2 points

Treatment options for bacterial vaginosis include all of the following except:

Question options:

1)

oral metronidazole.

2)

clindamycin cream.

3)

oral clindamycin.

4)

oral azithromycin.

Question 12

2 / 2 points

Physical examination of a 19-year-old woman with a 3-day history of vaginal itch reveals moderate perineal excoriation, vaginal erythema, and a white, clumping discharge. Expected microscopic examination findings include:

Question options:

1)

a pH greater than 6. 0.

2)

an increased number of lactobacilli.

3)

hyphae.

4)

an abundance of white blood cells. Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health

Question 13

2 / 2 points

Which of the following is a contraindication to estrogen/progestin-containing methods (combined oral contraception [COC], patch [Ortho Evra], or ring [NuvaRing])?

Question options:

1)

mother with a history of breast cancer

2)

personal history of hepatitis A at age 10 years

3)

presence of factor V Leiden mutation

4)

cigarette smoking one pack per day in a 22-year-old

Question 14

2 / 2 points

Recommendations for adolescents with disabilities include a comprehensive sex education program that should be tailored to fit their specific needs.

Question options:

1) True

2) False

Question 15

0 / 2 points

In assessing a 13 year old female, you know that the presence of breast bud  with elevation of breast and papilla; enlargement of areola indicate which Tanner Stage?

Question options:

1)

Stage1

2)

Stage 2

3)

Stage 3

4)

Stage 4

Question 16

2 / 2 points

The Pap test should not be considered a screening test for STDs.

Question options:

1) True

2) False

Question 17

2 / 2 points

Which of the following agents is most active against C. trachomatis?

Question options:

1)

amoxicillin

2)

metronidazole

3)

azithromycin

4)

ceftriaxone

Question 18

2 / 2 points

When performing a bimanual exam all of the following are noted as normal findings except:

Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health Question options:

1)

retoverted uterus

2)

anteflexed uterus

3)

fixed immobile uterus

4)

smooth, firm ovary

Question 19

2 / 2 points

Routine screening for C. trachomatis on an annual basis is recommended for all sexually active females aged <25 years . Question options: 1) True 2) False Question 20 2 / 2 points When performing a pelvic examination the first part of the external genitalia exam is Question options: 1) speculum examination 2) palpation 3) inspection 4) cervical sampling Question 21 2 / 2 points In women who have experienced a spinal cord injury, temporary cessation of menses is normal for up to one year following the injury. Question options: 1) True 2) False Question 22 2 / 2 points When counseling a woman about COC use, you advise that: Question options: 1) long-term use of COC is discouraged because the body needs a “rest” from birth control pills from time to time. 2) fertility is often delayed for many months after discontinuation of COC. 3) there is an increase in the rate of breast cancer after protracted use of COC. 4) premenstrual syndrome symptoms are often improved with use of COC. Question 23 2 / 2 points Which of the following terms describes the mechanism of action of imiquimod (Aldara)? Question options: 1) keratolytic 2) immune modulator 3) cryogenic 4) cytolytic Question 24 2 / 2 points Treatment of vulvovaginitis caused by Candida albicans includes: Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health Question options: 1) metronidazole gel. 2) clotrimazole cream. 3) hydrocortisone ointment. 4) clindamycin cream. Question 25 2 / 2 points Screening for osteoporosis with DEXA scan should begin Question options: 1) age 50 2) one year after menopause 3) age 65 4) age 60 Question 26 2 / 2 points What is the approximate incubation period for Neisseria gonorrhoea? Question options: 1) 1 to 5 days 2) 7 to 10 days 3) 18 days 4) 28 days Question 27 2 / 2 points What percentage of anogenital and cervical cancers can be attributed to HPV infection? Question options: 1) less than 30% 2) at least 50% 3) at least 70% 4) 95% or greater Question 28 2 / 2 points Universal screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea in women ≤35 years entering juvenile and adult correctional facilities has been a long-standing recommendation. Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health. Question options: 1) True 2) False Question 29 2 / 2 points A 22-year-old woman taking a 35-mcg ethinyl estradiol COC calls after forgetting to take her pills for 2 consecutive days. She is 2 weeks into the pack. You advise her to: Question options: 1) take the last pill missed immediately, even if this means taking 2 pills today. 2) discard two pills and take two pills today. 3) discard the rest of the pack and start a new pack with the first day of her next menses. 4) continue taking one pill daily for the rest of the cycle. Question 30 2 / 2 points HCV infection is the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the United States, with an estimated 2.7 million persons living with chronic infection Question options: 1) True 2) False Question 31 2 / 2 points Adolescent girls are not candidates for IUD use for contraception Question options: 1) True 2) False Question 32 2 / 2 points About ____ of patients with genital warts have spontaneous regression of the lesions? Question options: 1) 10% 2) 25% 3) 50% 4) 75% Question 33 2 / 2 points Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is defined as a group of therapies that are not considered part of Western culture and include all of the following except: Question options: 1) Congugated estrogen 2) Aromatherapy 3) Tai Chi 4) Yoga Question 34 2 / 2 points Which HPV types are most likely to cause genital condyloma acuminatum? Question options: 1) 1, 2, and 3 2) 6 and 11 3) 16 and 18 4) 22 and 24 Question 35 2 / 2 points Which test is performed around the time of ovulation to diagnose the basis of infertility? Question options: 1) Hysterosalpingogram 2) Ultrasonography 3) Laparoscopy 4) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level Question 36 2 / 2 points The NP is seeing a 30-year-old woman before her routine gynecologic examination, the NP questions that patient about her recent menstrual cycles. Which statement made by the patient should prompt further investigation? Question options: 1) “My flow is very heavy all the time.” 2) “I have occasionally spot in between cycles” 3) “My menstrual cycles varies from 25 to 30 days.” 4) “I have cramping prior to my cycle starting” Question 37 2 / 2 points Women with bacterial vaginosis typically present with: Question options: 1) vulvitis. 2) pruritus. 3) dysuria. 4) malodorous discharge. Question 38 2 / 2 points Treatment options for patients with condyloma acuminatum include all of the following except: Question options: 1) topical acyclovir. 2) cryotherapy. 3) podofilox. 4) trichloroacetic acid. Question 39 0 / 2 points Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health The average onset of perimenopause is between the ages of: Question options: 1) 35 to 40 years. 2) 40 to 45 years. 3) 45 to 50 years. 4) 50 to 55 years. Question 40 2 / 2 points Which of the following is not representative of the presentation of primary syphilis? Question options: 1) painless ulcer 2) localized lymphadenopathy 3) flu-like symptoms 4) spontaneously healing lesion Question 41 2 / 2 points Noncontraceptive benefits of COC use include a decrease in all of the following except: Question options: 1) iron-deficiency anemia. 2) pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). 3) cervicitis. 4) ovarian cancer. Question 42 2 / 2 points In patients who are allergic to azithromycin, an alternative treatment to chlamydia is Question options: 1) Doxycycline 100mg twice daily for 7 days 2) Macrobid 100mg twice daily for 5 days 3) BactimDS  1 PO BID for 3 day 4) All of the above Question 43 2 / 2 points Puberty consists of a series of predictable events, and the sequence of changes in secondary sexual characteristics has been categorized by several groups. The staging system utilized most frequently used to describe these events is Tanner staging. Question options: 1) True 2) False Question 44 2 / 2 points Which of the following may be a useful tool in screening for Female Sexual Disorder (FSD)? Question options: 1) The Female Sexual Function Index 2) The Female Sexual Distress Scale 3) The Orgasmic Disorder Scale 4) A and B Question 45 2 / 2 points Which of the following is found in tertiary syphilis? Question options: 1) arthralgia 2) lymphadenopathy 3) macular or papular lesions involving the palms and soles 4) gumma Question 46 2 / 2 points A patient presents to you with a chief complaint of primary dysmenorrhea, which nonpharmacologic intervention might you recommend she try first? Question options: 1) participating in physical activity 2) increase iron rich foods to replace blood that is lost 3) use of a heating pad on the pelvis for cramping 4) use of an NSAID Question 47 2 / 2 points Which of the following agents is active against N. gonorrhoeae? Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health Question options: 1) ceftriaxone 2) metronidazole 3) ketoconazole 4) amoxicillin Question 48 0 / 2 points A recommended treatment for rectal gonorrhea is: Question options: 1) oral amoxicillin. 2) oral azithromycin. 3) oral ciprofloxacin. 4) ceftriaxone injection. Question 49 2 / 2 points When charting on a patient whom you have noted a breast lump it is important to document Question options: 1) tenderness 2) size 3) location 4) mobility 5) all of the above Question 50 2 / 2 points A 24-year-old woman presents with a 1-week history of thin, green-yellow vaginal discharge with perivaginal irritation. Physical examination findings include vaginal erythema with petechial hemorrhages on the cervix, numerous white blood cells, and motile organisms on microscopic examination. These findings most likely represent: Question options: 1) motile sperm with irritative vaginitis. 2) trichomoniasis. 3) bacterial vaginosis. 4) condyloma acuminatum. Pap Smear Essay – MN 576 Primary Care of Women’s Health

Health Care Administration (HA) Essay assignments

HA510: Organizational Development for Health Care

This course explores organizational behavior, theory, and development as they apply to the health care industry. Topics include, but are not limited to, classic and modern theory, individual behavior and motivation, group dynamics, conflict management, decision making, culture values, and organizational dysfunction. Physician leadership development and change management are also explored.

Quarter Credit Hours: 4 | Prerequisite: None

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HA515: Leadership in Health Care

This course explores organizational theory and behavior essential for successful leadership and management in the health care industry. Emphasis will be placed on communication techniques, self-analysis, and strategies for best practices in order to effectively implement key leadership and management concepts in dynamic health care environments Health Care Administration (HA) Essay assignments. Key values that guide a leader’s personal and professional behavior and influence overall effectiveness will be explored, as well as their impact on overall leadership styles.

Quarter Credit Hours: 4 | Prerequisite: None

HA520: Health Care Financial Management

This course introduces the terminology, theory, concepts and techniques used in the finance functions in health care organizations. Students gain an understanding of the important role of finance in health care organizations and learn various techniques to develop, manage, and control finances. Health Care Administration (HA) Essay assignments. Students interpret financial statements, prepare analyses with cost finding and price setting, and conduct break-even analyses. The course provides students with experience in capital and operating budgets, financial forecasts, and business plan preparation. Students will be expected to expand their utilization of spreadsheet applications.

Quarter Credit Hours: 4 | Prerequisite: None

HA525: Health Law

This course provides analysis of law, the legal system, and current legal problems as they relate to the financing and delivery of health care services. This course covers interrelated legal topics pertinent to health care organizations including contracts, medical malpractice, legal and ethical obligations to provide health care, privileging, medical decision making, tax exemption, antitrust, fraud, and health information management. Health Care Administration (HA) Essay assignments Students are encouraged to discuss how the law supports or hinders current efforts to improve health care delivery systems.

Quarter Credit Hours: 4 | Prerequisite: None

HA530: Human Resources for Health Care Managers

This course provides an analysis and evaluation of how human resource management is applied in different health care settings. The course focuses on the major elements of human resource man­agement, as well as the ways in which it can be used in the strategic planning of the organization. Students investigate ongoing human resources practice and issues from a health care perspective such as recruitment, contract/agreement, training/education/support, retention, performance evalu­ation, compensation, legal and regulatory issues, and strategic planning. Health Care Administration (HA) Essay assignments.

Quarter Credit Hours: 4 | Prerequisite: None

HA535: Health Care Statistics

In this course, you will be introduced to the practical applications of descriptive and inferential statistics for the health industry. You will formulate a data procurement plan by analyzing real-world data. Additionally, you will learn how to effectively disseminate published health research data and apply this new knowledge within the field.

Quarter Credit Hours: 4 | Prerequisite: None

HA540: Health Care Operations and Quality Assessment

This course provides an interdisciplinary perspective on operations and quality management in health care, taking into account the disciplines of organizational behavior and health management research. Special attention is given to causal tools and approaches that are fundamental to total quality management and continuous quality improvement Health Care Administration (HA) Essay assignments.

Quarter Credit Hours: 4 | Prerequisite: None

HA545: Health Policy

This course provides students with an in-depth analysis of health care policy development in the United States of America. Students focus on health care policy formation and evaluation by investigating public policy and politics. Students consider a variety of elements that factor into health policy development such as economics, political science, management, communications, and public health.

Quarter Credit Hours: 4 | Prerequisite: None

HA560: Community Health Assessment

This course provides you with the skills needed to enhance (assess) the health of a community. You will focus on health behaviors, environmental influences, health policy, and economic and health care system issues in health promotion and disease prevention. Health Care Administration (HA) Essay assignments.

Quarter Credit Hours: 4 | Prerequisite: None

HA565: Health Information Management and Assessment

This course provides a comprehensive examination of the principles and practices of the management of health information. The course covers three principal areas of health information management: Health Information Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), electronic health information management (e-HIM), and informatics.

Quarter Credit Hours: 4 | Prerequisite: None

HA570: Health Care Ethics

This course provides an examination of both the theory and the principles of ethics within the health care industry. The course covers national standards for the protection of individual’s health information as applied to health plans, health care clearinghouses, and health care providers. Students also learn other health industry regulations that protect employees, patients, and providers. The integration of ethics as the foundation for long-term as well as day-to-day operations of an entity is emphasized. Health Care Administration (HA) Essay assignments.

Quarter Credit Hours: 4 | Prerequisite: None

HA575: Health Care Marketing

This course provides an analysis and evaluation of the principles and concepts of marketing as they apply to health care organizations. The course covers essential elements of marketing as well as direct applications of marketing tools and strate­gies in the dynamic health care environment.

Quarter Credit Hours: 4 | Prerequisite: None

HA599: Master’s Capstone in Health Care Administration

The capstone course is the culminating experience for the Master of Health Care Administration. This course builds on the concepts of all the courses students have taken within the program of study. The capstone course provides students with the opportunity to integrate and synthesize the knowledge and skills acquired through their coursework in an original comprehensive project, and to assess their level of mastery of the stated outcomes of their degree program in health care administration.

Quarter Credit Hours: 4 | Prerequisite: Last term Health Care Administration (HA) Essay assignments

Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker

NURS 6051:
Transforming Nursing and Healthcare Through Technology

Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker

The term “knowledge worker” was first coined by management consultant and author Peter Drucker in his book, The Landmarks of Tomorrow (1959). Drucker defined knowledge workers as high-level workers who apply theoretical and analytical knowledge, acquired through formal training, to develop products and services. Does this sound familiar? Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker

Nurses are very much knowledge workers. What has changed since Drucker’s time are the ways that knowledge can be acquired. The volume of data that can now be generated and the tools used to access this data have evolved significantly in recent years and helped healthcare professionals (among many others) to assume the role of knowledge worker in new and powerful ways.

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In this Assignment, you will consider the evolving role of the nurse leader and how this evolution has led nurse leaders to assume the role of knowledge worker. You will prepare a PowerPoint presentation with an infographic (graphic that visually represents information, data, or knowledge. Infographics are intended to present information quickly and clearly.) to educate others on the role of nurse as knowledge worker. Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker.

Reference: Drucker, P. (1959). The landmarks of tomorrow. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers.

To Prepare
:

Review the concepts of informatics as presented in the Resources.

Reflect on the role of a nurse leader as a knowledge worker.

Consider how knowledge may be informed by data that is collected/accessed.

The Assignment:

Explain the concept of a knowledge worker.

Define and explain nursing informatics and highlight the role of a nurse leader as a knowledge worker.

Develop a simple infographic to help explain these concepts.

NOTE: For guidance on infographics, including how to create one in PowerPoint, see “How to Make an Infographic in PowerPoint” presented in the Resources. Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker.

Your PowerPoint should Include the hypothetical scenario you originally shared in the Discussion Forum. Include your examination of the data that you could use, how the data might be accessed/collected, and what knowledge might be derived from that data. Be sure to incorporate feedback received from your colleagues’ responses. Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker.

 

Rubric Grid

Develop a
5- to 6-slide PowerPoint presentation, in APA format with speaker notes that addresses the following:

Explain the concept of a knowledge worker.

Define and explain nursing informatics and highlight the role of a nurse leader as a knowledge worker.

Levels of Achievement:

Excellent 32 (32%) – 35 (35%)

The presentation clearly and accurately explains the concept of a knowledge worker.

The presentation clearly and accurately defines and explains nursing informatics with a detailed explanation of the role of the nurse leader as a knowledge worker. Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker.

Includes: 3 or more peer-reviewed sources and 2 or more course resources..

Good 28 (28%) – 31 (31%)

The presentation explains the concept of a knowledge worker.

The presentation defines and explains nursing informatics with an explanation of the role of the nurse leader as a knowledge worker.

Includes: 2 peer-reviewed sources and 2 course resources..

Fair 25 (25%) – 27 (27%)

The presentation inaccurately or vaguely explains the concept of a knowledge worker.

The presentation inaccurately or vaguely defines and explains nursing informatics with an inaccurate or vague explanation of the role of the nurse leader as a knowledge worker.

Includes: 1 peer-reviewed sources and 1 course resources. Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker.

Poor 0 (0%) – 24 (24%)

The presentation inaccurately and vaguely explains the concept of a knowledge worker or is missing.

The presentation inaccurately and vaguely defines and explains nursing informatics with an inaccurate and vague explanation of the role of the nurse leader as a knowledge worker or is missing.

Includes: 1 or fewer resources..

Develop a simple infographic to help explain these concepts
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Levels of Achievement:

Excellent 14 (14%) – 15 (15%)

The presentation provides an accurate and detailed infographic that helps explain the concepts related to the presentation..

Good 12 (12%) – 13 (13%)

The presentation provides an infographic that helps explain the concepts related to the presentation..

Fair 11 (11%) – 11 (11%)

The presentation provides an infographic related to the concepts of the presentation that is inaccurate or vague..

Poor 0 (0%) – 10 (10%)  Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker.

The infographic provided in the presentation related to the concepts of the presentation is inaccurate and vague, or is missing..

Present the hypothetical scenario you originally shared in the Discussion Forum. Include your examination of the data you could use, how the data might be accessed/collected, and what knowledge might be derived from the data. Be sure to incorporate feedback received from your colleagues’ replies.–

Levels of Achievement:

Excellent 32 (32%) – 35 (35%)

The presentation clearly and thoroughly includes the hypothetical scenario originally shared in the Discussion Forum, including a detailed and accurate examination of the data used, how the data might be accessed/collected, and the knowledge that could be derived from the data..

Good 28 (28%) – 31 (31%)

The presentation includes the hypothetical scenario originally shared in the Discussion Forum, including an accurate examination of the data used, how the data might be accessed/collected, and the knowledge that could be derived from the data..

Fair 25 (25%) – 27 (27%)

The presentation includes the hypothetical scenario originally shared in the Discussion Forum, including an examination of the data used, how the data might be accessed/collected, and the knowledge that could be derived from the data that is vague or inaccurate. Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker.

Poor 0 (0%) – 24 (24%)

The presentation includes the hypothetical scenario originally shared in the Discussion Forum, including an examination of the data used, how the data might be accessed/collected, and the knowledge that could be derived from the data that is vague and inaccurate, or is missing..

Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization:

Paragraphs make clear points that support well developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused–neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance.–

Levels of Achievement:

Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity..

Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time..

Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%- 79% of the time..

Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 60% of the time.. Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation– Levels of Achievement: Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.. Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Contains a few (1-2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker. Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%) Contains several (3-4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.. Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.. Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running head, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list.– Levels of Achievement: Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Uses correct APA format with no errors.. Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Contains a few (1-2) APA format errors.. Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%) Contains several (3-4) APA format errors.. Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors.. Total Points: 100 Name: NURS_5051_Module01_Week02_Assignment_Rubric Possible Resources McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Chapter 1, “Nursing Science and the Foundation of Knowledge” (pp. 7–19)•Chapter 2, “Introduction to Information, Information Science, and Information Systems” (pp. 21–33) Chapter 3, “Computer Science and the Foundation of Knowledge Model” (pp. 35–62) Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker 24Slides. (2018). How to make an infographic in PowerPoint. Retrieved September 27, 2018, from https://24slides.com/presentbetter/how-make-infographic-powerpoint/ Nagle, L., Sermeus, W., & Junger, A. (2017). Evolving role of the nursing informatics specialist. In J. Murphy, W. Goossen, & P. Weber (Eds.), Forecasting Competencies for Nurses in the Future of Connected Health (212–221). Clifton, VA: IMIA and IOS Press. Retrieved from https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_4A0FEA56B8CB.P001/REF Sweeney, J. (2017). Healthcare informatics. Online Journal of Nursing Informatics, 21(1). Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases. Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker