Category: Nursing

Assignment 1: Structural Versus Strategic Family Therapies sample essay

Structural and strategic therapies are two professional approaches that apply systems thinking to view the family as a single emotional unit with parts that are related to make up the whole family. In fact, they perceive the behaviors exhibited by the different family members as being informed by the family’s functioning. To be more precise, individual family members are inseparable from the network of relationships that characterize the…

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Students will:

Compare structural family therapy to strategic family therapy

Create structural family maps Assignment 1: Structural Versus Strategic Family Therapies sample essay

Justify recommendations for family therapy

To prepare:

Review this week’s Learning Resources and reflect on the insights they provide on structural and strategic family therapies.

Refer to Gerlach (2015) in this week’s Learning Resources for guidance on creating a structural family map.

The Assignment

In a 2- to 3-page paper, address the following:

Summarize the key points of both structural family therapy and strategic family therapy.

Compare structural family therapy to strategic family therapy, noting the strengths and weaknesses of each.

Provide an example of a family in your practicum using a structural family map. Note: Be sure to maintain HIPAA regulations.

Recommend a specific therapy for the family, and justify your choice using the Learning Resources.

 

Structural versus strategic family therapies sample essay

Part 1.

Structural and strategic therapies are two professional approaches that apply systems thinking to view the family as a single emotional unit with parts that are related to make up the whole family. In fact, they perceive the behaviors exhibited by the different family members as being informed by the family’s functioning. To be more precise, individual family members are inseparable from the network of relationships that characterize the family. In addition, they acknowledge that conflicts are a common occurrence among family members, and that there is a need for professional help to direct the family in addressing the conflict. The professional help takes the form of therapies that are based on family systems as is the case with structural and strategic therapies that apply objective and scientific processes in treatment (Matson, 2013).

Structural family therapy was developed by Salvador Minuchin. It is based on the awareness that every family has a structure that is exhibited through family patterns, behaviors and relationships in the therapy sessions. Using role plays, therapists are able to apply structural therapy to explore the subsystems within the family, such as sibling and parental subsystems (Wright, Stern & Phelan, 2012). Assignment 1: Structural Versus Strategic Family Therapies sample essay.

Strategic family therapy was designed by Cloe Madanes, Milton Erickson and Jay Haley who examined family functions and processes that include problem-solving patterns and communication as presented by families outside the therapy sessions. It applies paradoxical interventions, redefining problem scenarios and reframing with the intention of creating the desired change. It is based on the premise that change can rapidly occur without intensively analyzing the source of the reported problem (Wright, Stern & Phelan, 2012).

A comparison of the two therapies (structural and strategic family therapies) reveals that they are similar in exemplifying groundbreaking therapeutic approaches for treating dysfunctions in families perceived as systems. They both focus on the hierarchical organizational power structures, communication patterns and interpersonal relational styles as the sources of the family dysfunction and solution. Still, there are differences between the two. Structural family therapy focuses on interpreting contact in therapy while strategic therapy focuses on interpreting contact outside therapy. Assignment 1: Structural Versus Strategic Family Therapies sample essay. In addition, structural therapy resolves the maladaptive dynamics in the family through evaluating the family structure while strategic therapy resolves the issue through evaluating relationships. Yet another difference is that structural therapy explores functional expectations and does not seek to present a solution while strategic therapy explores family dynamics and seeks to present a solution (Wright, Stern & Phelan, 2012)..

Part 2.

F

——-

M

– – – – – – –

C … C

This is a family of four members comprised of a father, mother and two children. The father is dominant, the mother is submissive. The family is experiencing blocked parental communication.

 

The issue reported in the family is best addressed through strategic family therapy. In this case, the therapy will emphasize on understanding the intricacies of communication patterns, hierarchical structures, and systemic processes to include the invisible and visible repetitive rules, repetitive behavioral patterns, and family functions. This allows the therapist to emphasize the father’s dominance and mother’s submissiveness as a hindrance to parental communication, showing how the hierarchy in the family structure is faulty and caused the dysfunction (Matson, 2013) Assignment 1: Structural Versus Strategic Family Therapies sample essay. In applying strategic therapy, the therapist seeks to aid the family to correct the communication problem by modifying personal interactions among the family members so that the family is no longer dominant that he stifles the other members of the family, while the mother is no longer submissive that she is unable to protect the children. Besides that, strategic therapy would also help in exploring the behavioral processes and sequences that help in either maintaining or exacerbating the dysfunction reported as a problem (Finch, 2012) Assignment 1: Structural Versus Strategic Family Therapies sample essay.

 

References

Matson, J. (2013).
Handbook of treatment approaches in childhood psychotherapy
. New York, NY: Plenum Press.

Finch, A. (2012).
Specialty competencies in clinical child and adolescent psychology
. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Lebow, J. (2012).
Handbook

of clinical family therapy
. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Wright, P., Stern, J. & Phelan, M. (2012).
Core psychiatry
(3
rd
ed.). New York, NY: Saunders/Elsevier. Assignment 1: Structural Versus Strategic Family Therapies sample essay

NURS 6050 Week 4 assignment: Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement Example

Assignment: Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement

As a nurse, how often have you thought to yourself, If I had anything to do about it, things would work a little differently? Increasingly, nurses are beginning to realize that they do, in fact, have a role and a voice.

Many nurses encounter daily experiences that motivate them to take on an advocacy role in hopes of impacting policies, laws, or regulations that impact healthcare issues of interest. Of course, doing so means entering the less familiar world of policy and politics. While many nurses do not initially feel prepared to operate in this space effectively, the reward is the opportunity to shape and influence future health policy.

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To Prepare:

Select a bill that has been proposed (not one that has been enacted) using the congressional websites provided in the Learning Resources.

The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Comparison Grid; 1- to 2-page Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement)

Part 1: Legislation Comparison Grid

Based on the health-related bill (proposed, not enacted) you selected, complete the Legislation Comparison Grid Template. Be sure to address the following:

Determine the legislative intent of the bill you have reviewed.

Identify the proponents/opponents of the bill.

NURS 6050 Week 4 assignment: Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement Example

Identify the target populations addressed by the bill.

Where in the process is the bill currently? Is it in hearings or committees?

Is it receiving press coverage?

Part 2: Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement

Based on the health-related bill you selected, develop a 1- to 2-page Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement that addresses the following:

Advocate a position for the bill you selected and write testimony in support of your position.

Describe how you would address the opponent to your position. Be specific and provide examples.

Recommend at least one amendment to the bill in support of your position.

 

Legislation comparison and advocacy

Part 1. Legislative comparison grid

Health-related Bill name

Autism CARES Act of 2019 (Autism collaboration, accountability, research, education, and support Act of 2019)

Description

The Bill has been presented as a legislative requirement to reauthorize the Autism CARES Act by 30
th
September 2019. Its legislative history dates back to 2006 when President George W. Bush signed it into law as Combating Autism Act (P.L. 109-416). The intention of the law was to offer coordinated federal response to the dramatic increase in persons diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder in the country. It increased public investment to address the growing needs of persons diagnosed with autism spectrum of disorders, while authorizing the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee to coordinate federal efforts targeted at the disorder. The legislation was reauthorized in 2014 as the Autism CARES Act (P.L. 113-157). It must be reauthorized by September 2019 for the Federal activities conducted under the legislation to continue (Autism Society, 2019).

Federal or State?

Federal

Legislative intent

The Bill was introduced into the House of Representatives as House Bill (H.R. 1058) by Rep. Chris Smith (R-NJ) and Rep. Mike Doyle. The Bill was introduced into Senate as Senate Bill (S. 427) by Senator Bob Menendez (D-NJ_ and Senator Mike Enzi (R-WY).

Legislative discussions are still ongoing for the Bill with proposals to expand and intensify the current format of the legislation. The intention is to enhance the activities of the National Institutes of Health with a focus on the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 284g) to support research on autism spectrum disorders, and reduce care gaps (Autism Society, 2019). NURS 6050 Week 4 assignment: Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement Example

Target population

The target population is persons diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. The intention is to improve their care quality and outcomes through supporting research activities that improve understanding of the disorder.

Status of the bill (is it in hearings or committees? Is it receiving press coverage?)

The Bill was introduced in the 1
st
session of the 116
th
Congress and discussions are currently ongoing with focus on amending the Public Health Service Act to enhance the activities of the National Institutes of Health with the intention of supporting research activities on autism spectrum disorder and enhancing health care programs.

It was introduced to the Senate by Mr. Menendez and Mr. Enzi, read twice and referred to the health committee.

The Bill is receiving press coverage with legislators brining public attention to its content and intentions. Rep. Mike Doyle (D-PA), Rep. Chris Smith (R-NJ), Senator Mike Enzi (R- WY), and Senator Bob Menedez (D- NJ) made press releases to drum up public support for the Bill. In April 2019, Congressman Smith wrote a letter to support full funding for the Bill. In addition, other organizations that focus on improving autism care are brining attention to the Bill. In May 2019, 35 national organizations wrote a coalition in support of the Bill. An updated letter was written later in the same month to ask for expedited consideration of the Bill (Autism Society, 2019).

General notes/comments

The Bill seeks to provide comprehensive attention to the care of persons with autism spectrum disorder. Still, there is a concern that the deadline for reauthorizing the Bill is 30
th
September 2019 and yet legislative debate is still ongoing to imply that the Bill may not be reauthorized by 30
th
September.

Should the Bill be reauthorized in its current form, there substantive advances will be realized in the care of persons with autism spectrum disorders. It would improve infrastructure and surveillance, inform on lifespan issues, identify helpful treatments and interventions, identify risk factors, inform on the biology, and determining diagnosis and screening concerns NURS 6050 Week 4 assignment: Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement Example.

Overall, the Bill seeks to make substantive improvements in the care of persons with autism spectrum disorders, and these benefits can only be realized if the Bill is reauthorized before the 30
th
September deadline (Autism Society, 2019).

 

Part 2. Legislation testimony/advocacy statement

There is a need for the legislation to be reauthorized in its current form as the Autism CARES Act of 2019. That is because it seeks to increase the federal investment across the government departments concerned with addressing the increasing needs of persons with autism spectrum disorder. Should the Bill fail to be reauthorized by the 30
th
September 2019 deadline, then efforts to address autism spectrum disorders are likely to hindered and past gains reversed. In fact, failing to reauthorized the Bill would deny the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee the authority to coordinate federal efforts targeted at autism. This would increase the possibility of efforts being duplicated and resources wasted. Besides that, autism is a present concern since 1.67% of children are suffering from the disorder, a significant population and yet management efforts are hindered by a dearth of information that would be best addressed through research. NURS 6050 Week 4 assignment: Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement Example. Through passing the bill, significant advances would be reported in three areas. Firstly, research efforts would be coordinated through supporting research funded by the National Institute of Health. Secondly, streamlining data and surveillance through building infrastructure at CDC to monitor autism. Finally, supporting training efforts to address the reported shortages of personnel who address screening, diagnosis and treatment efforts (Autism Society, 2019). Although the Bill seeks to improve autism management, there is a legitimate concern that it would increase federal spending on health and the federal deficit. This objection is in reference to Section 3 Part e of the Bill that amends appropriations authorization to increase funding for federal programs. This concern can be addressed through making two amendments to the Bill. The first amendment is to eliminate the part that seeks to increasing federal funding for autism management (repeal authorizations of appropriations) so that the federal deficit concerns are eliminated (Saba & McCormick, 2015). The second amendment is to mobilize funding from non-governmental and private donors who support a similar heath agenda. This would ensure that although federal funding is not used, the autism management activities identified by the Bill are not discontinued and they continue to receive funding (Feldstein, 2006). Overall, the Autism CARES Act of 2019 has much value, and could be improved to receive greater support if federal funding is reduced and alternative non-government funding is sourced. NURS 6050 Week 4 assignment: Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement Example.

References

Autism Society (2019).
Autism CARES Act Reauthorization (2019)
. Retrieved from https://www.autism-society.org/public-policy/autism-cares-act-reauthorization-2019/

Feldstein, P. (2006).
The politics of health legislation: an economic perspective
(3
rd
ed.). Chicago, IL: Health Administration Press.

Saba, V. & McCormick, K. (2015).
Essentials of nursing informatics
(6
th
ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. NURS 6050 Week 4 assignment: Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement Example

Research Critique 1 N5366: Principles of Research in Nursing

Critique 1-Graded

Submitting
a file upload

File Types
doc and docx

Chen et al 2018.pdf

You will write your graded critique using the attached article: Chen et al. (2018).

Instructions:

Write your evaluation as a Word document per APA format.  Use full sentences, with paragraph breaks, to describe each point.  Double space all writing; number pages.

Use the Level 1 headings provided in the outline below. Level 2 headings can be used, but are optional, not required.  Please see the APA Manual for how to format those.

Provide rationales for your decisions (citing sources). For example, if you write that the theory framework is strong, describe how it is strong with at least one citation (Author, year) to a theory book, research book,  or article. Research Critique 1 N5366: Principles of Research in Nursing.

It is acceptable to refer to page numbers from the article being critiqued without giving a full citation. For example, you could write, “On page 996 the authors list the statistical tests used to analyze the data.”  We can assume you are referring to the assigned research article that you are evaluating.

Title page and reference list should be on separate pages from the body of the critique. Use the 
Page Break
command in Word to separate them.

The template for the title page is 
at the end
of this document.

Introduction (no heading in APA format
)

Give the reader a sense of what to expect in this paper, and identify the article being evaluated [cited appropriately]. (2 pts)

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Authors, Title, and Abstract

Discuss author(s) qualifications to conduct the study, including educational preparation and clinical experience of author[s].

Discuss the clarity of the article title (type of study, variables, and population stated). Research Critique 1 N5366: Principles of Research in Nursing

Discuss the quality of the abstract (purpose, design, sample, intervention, and key results presented). (8 pts)

 

Literature Review/Background

Briefly describe the 
clinical problem
that prompted the study.

Discuss the data provided for the significance of the 
clinical problem,
and whether or not you believe it is an important problem for nursing science.

Identify the major topics discussed in the background section and evaluate whether there were any missing ideas or topics.

Briefly explain whether the background section included sources current at the time of the study (ie. within 5 years of publication), and if there were secondary sources.

Discuss whether the studies were critically evaluated and synthesized to provide a clear summary of the current knowledge about the problem of interest.

Evaluate whether or not the background section provided support for the current research study. In other words, whether gaps in research knowledge were clearly described.

(20 pts)

 

 

Research Problem, Purpose, Research Questions/Hypotheses

State the study purpose and evaluate whether or not the purpose clearly addresses the gap in nursing knowledge identified in the background section.

If there are research questions and/or hypotheses, list them, and discuss whether they logically follow from the research problem and purpose. If questions/hypotheses were only implied, rather than explicitly stated, describe that. (10 pts)

 

Theoretical Framework

Describe the theory/framework that supported the study. List the important concepts in the theory/framework.

Evaluate the clarity of the presentation of the framework. If it was vague or had missing elements, describe those.

Evaluate whether relationships among concepts were explained.

Discuss how well the theory/framework concepts were linked to the study variables.

(10 pts)

 

Writing Style & Format

Grammar: full sentences, precision, clarity, spelling, and punctuation.

Use APA format throughout this paper, including citations and a reference list.

Up to 0.5 points will be deducted for each grammar, punctuation, or format error. (10 pts)

 

 

SAMPLE TITLE PAGE BELOW

 

__________________________________________________________________________________________

 

 

 

Research Critique 1

N5366: Principles of Research in Nursing

 

YOUR NAME

Current Date

 
______________________________________________________________________

Grade Sheet for Critique 1

CONTENT

Possible Points

Your Points

Introduction

 

2

 

Authors, Title, and Abstract

 

8

 

Literature Review/Background

 

20

 

Research Problem, Purpose, Research Questions/Hypotheses

 

10

 

Theoretical Framework

 

10

 

Writing Style & Format

 

10

 

TOTAL

60/60 X 25% = 25

/60 X 25% = 

 

Article Critique                                                                                                                   

Introduction

This paper is a critique of a clinical study that was aimed to examine the effect of a six-month lifestyle-based intervention on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in older adults diagnosed with hypertension in US. The critique will focus on abstract clarity, literature review, the study purpose, as well as the theoretical framework.

Article Full Citation:

Chen, M.-L., Hu, J., McCoy, T. P., Letvak, S., & Ivanov, L. (2018). Effect of a Lifestyle-Based Research Critique 1 N5366: Principles of Research in Nursing

Intervention on Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults with Hypertension.
Journal of Aging Research
, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6059560

Authors, Title, and Abstract

The authors qualifications to conduct the study, including educational preparation and clinical experience is up to the standard. They are all qualified nursing professions based in various top ranked universities across the US. On the clarity of the article title, it is clear enough as the title states the type of study as cause-effect, and variables as well as population are Cleary stated. Research Critique 1 N5366: Principles of Research in Nursing.

On the abstract quality, it is up the standard presenting the study purpose, analyzing the methodology applied as well as informing the author of the secondary analysis of the control group research for comparison analysis. The abstract also goes further and informs the reader on the results that were obtained and the significant predictors that were discovered during the study. The finding suggestions is also clearly stated. The research gap however is not stated, which is an important element that should appear within the abstract (Bennett, 2017).

Literature Review/Background

On the clinical problem, the projected rise in the population for older adults in the US and the preference of hypertensive cases within this population in the US is the main clinical problem that prompted the study to be conducted. For the data concerning the clinical problem, the study revealed that 82.9% of those at age 60 and above in the US reported that they were taking hypertensive drugs. Among this population, only half had managed to control hypertension. These are worrying statistics that required further research on the cause and effect on health-related quality of life (HRQOL), hence the significant need for this study Research Critique 1 N5366: Principles of Research in Nursing.

The major topics discussed in the background section are; health-related quality of life (HRQOL), The hypertension in the United States, The effects of lifestyle interventions in older adults with hypertension, Physical, mental, emotional, and social functioning, as well as the influence of stress and its relation to HRQOL in older adults with hypertension (Chen et al., 2018). All these topics were well covered considering the study context, the important variables, as well as the population. On matters to do with sources, the background section included secondary sources that were not current at the time of study- 2018 (Trevisol et al.,2011 and Gerber, 2012). On critical evaluation and synthetization, the studies were critically evaluated and the current knowledge about the hypertension prevalence among the older adults was clearly brought into the limelight showing the need to conduct a research on the issue.

On issues to do with support for the current research study, the gaps in research were clearly identified and justification for the study was described in detail as all the previous studies dwelled mostly on areas such as physical functioning and mental health in older adults. Nevertheless, there was no significant research studies that tested on the effects of lifestyle interventions in older adults that were diagnosed with hypertension.

Research Problem, Purpose, Research Questions/Hypotheses

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a six-month lifestyle-based intervention on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in older adults with hypertension Research Critique 1 N5366: Principles of Research in Nursing. As per the background the research purpose fully addressed the research gap that was identified in nursing knowledge. On the other hand, the questions/hypothesis were only implied and not explicitly stated. Given the nature of the selected sample population, although much of the information was drawn from self-reports, the researcher had the decision to drop those with signs of psychosis. The Participants who reported taking blood pressure medication in the second study were also directly selected as subjects.

Theoretical Framework

The framework that supported the study was the Social Cognitive theory. The framework states that there is a significant relationship between an individual, the environment, as well as health related quality of life (HRQOL) (Middleton, Hall & Raeside, 2019). On matters to do with framework clarity, the framework was clearly presented and the reader is given a wide range of example to understand the perspectives of the theory in terms of the person, the environment and HRQOL Research Critique 1 N5366: Principles of Research in Nursing. All the involved elements were clearly listed and explained to eliminate vagueness.

On relationships among concepts, the three major concept in the social cognitive theory have been mentioned as the person, the environment as well as HRQOL. The relationship among the concept has been explained such that a person may experience some condition (e.g. stress), but depending with their social support (environment), it will determine their HRQOL (outcome). About the interlinking of the framework concepts, the baseline study variables were stress and social support. The two variables were linked to the frame work concept of the person (stress) and the environment (social support) respectively. This interlinking is the one which will dictate the outcome depending on the subjected participants.

References

Bennett, L. L. (2017). The Gap Between Nursing Education and Clinical Skills.
ABNF Journal
,

28
(4), 96–102.

Chen, M.-L., Hu, J., McCoy, T. P., Letvak, S., & Ivanov, L. (2018). Effect of a Lifestyle-Based

Intervention on Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults with Hypertension.
Journal of Aging Research
, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6059560 Research Critique 1 N5366: Principles of Research in Nursing

Middleton, L., Hall, H., & Raeside, R. (2019). Applications and applicability of Social Cognitive

Theory in information science research.
Journal of Librarianship & Information Science
,
51
(4), 927–937.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000618769985 
  Research Critique 1 N5366: Principles of Research in Nursing

Model Selection and Critical Analysis Essay Assignment

Introduction

Nurses make immense contributions to the wellbeing and health of patient outcomes and population health by providing safe, patient-centered and quality care. Nevertheless, nurses are working with inadequate staffing and heavy workloads, leading to preventable illnesses, injuries, and death, causing high nurse turnover and compromising population health.  Quality and safe care require health organizations to have a sufficient number of nurses along with manageable workload to facilitate delivery of the best care. The purpose of the assignment is to explore and critically analyze the Kotter’s eight-step model as a model that could be used as a guide for directing a practice change related to adequate nurse staffing and retention.

Description of the model

Kotter’s 8-step change model that consists of eight overlapping steps was developed by John Kotter in 1995.  Built on Kurt Lewin’s work, the model provides the…

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Structure and Application of Contemporary Nursing Knowledge

Model Selection and Critical Analysis

For this assignment you will explore, identify, and critically analyze, a model that could be used as a guide for directing a practice change related to the future actions you identified in the Ways of Knowing assignment (Refer to order #219125). In addition, you will professionally reflect on your critical analysis and describe how selection and use of an appropriate model could positively influence implementation and sustainability of a practice change project at your professional organization.

Assignment Guidelines:

To begin this assignment you will first select a model. After you select the model, you will address each of the items below in a written scholarly paper. The items reflect critical questions to ask when selecting a model as described in Schaffer, M. A., Sandau, K. E., & Diedrick. L. (2012). Evidence-based practice models for organizational change: Overview and practical applications. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 69(5), 1197-1209.

1. Begin this assignment with an introduction. The introduction should include a discussion that provides:

• A brief succinct overview of the professional experience and future actions discussed in the Way of Knowing.

• A statement that explains the purpose of the assignment (e.g., The purpose of this assignment is to……).

2. After your introduction, discuss the following content using appropriate APA level headings:

• Description of the Model – Provide the name of the model. Then, identify the author of the model, and the date the model was established. Utilize primary rather than secondary resources.

• Purpose of the Model – Provide a descriptive summary of the purpose of the model. In your summary specifically speak to the context and situations in which the model is useful. In your summary clearly identify how the purpose of this model is linked to the future actions you identified in the Ways of Knowing assignment.

• Classification of the Model – Provide a clear description of the structure of the model (choose from the option of individual use or organizational processes as discussed by Schaffer et al.). In your description clearly identify how you arrived at your conclusion.

• Key Features of the Model – Provide a descriptive summary of the key features of the model. In your summary clearly identify how the key features of this model support the future actions you identified in the Ways of Knowing assignment.

• Steps of the Model – Provide a descriptive summary of the steps of the model.

• Relationships in the Model – Provide a descriptive summary of the linkages among and between the steps associated with the model.

• Assumptions in the Model – Provide a clear description of the assumptions associated with the model. In your description clearly identify why the accepting of the assumptions is necessary for successful application of the model to a practice change project. Model Selection and Critical Analysis Essay Assignment.

• Application to Professional Practice – Provide a descriptive summary of your critical analysis findings. In your summary thoroughly discuss the application of the model for a practice change project at your professional organization regarding the future actions you identified in the Ways of Knowing assignment.

3. End your paper with a conclusion. The conclusion should present a brief summary of the key takeaway points of the paper. The conclusion should not present any new information.

Scholarly Writing Guidelines:

1. Grammar, spelling, and APA writing style will be graded according to doctoral level expectations. Please proofread carefully.

2. Your paper should be double-spaced with one inch margins, and include:

a. A title page and a reference page (Note: all in-text citations and sources listed on the reference page should be according to APA 6th edition).

b. Times New Roman 12 pt font throughout entire document.

c. Page numbers.

d. A running head.

e. APA 6th edition formatted subject level headings.

 

Model Selection and Critical Analysis Assignment

Introduction

Nurses make immense contributions to the wellbeing and health of patient outcomes and population health by providing safe, patient-centered and quality care. Nevertheless, nurses are working with inadequate staffing and heavy workloads, leading to preventable illnesses, injuries, and death, causing high nurse turnover and compromising population health.  Quality and safe care require health organizations to have a sufficient number of nurses along with manageable workload to facilitate delivery of the best care. The purpose of the assignment is to explore and critically analyze the Kotter’s eight-step model as a model that could be used as a guide for directing a practice change related to adequate nurse staffing and retention Model Selection and Critical Analysis Essay Assignment.

Description of the model

Kotter’s 8-step change model that consists of eight overlapping steps was developed by John Kotter in 1995.  Built on Kurt Lewin’s work, the model provides the eight major stages of the process of change. Kotter argues that neglect of any of the eight steps can be sufficient for the failure of the entire initiative (Kotter, 2012).

Purpose of the model

The purpose of the model is to assist change managers/ leaders’ remedies to avoid common mistakes during change implementation.  The two major lessons that Kotter’s model offer is that change goes via numerous stages and that serious errors can occur in any of the stages and negatively influence the change momentum.  The model offers steps that produce effective change  of any scale in a firm (Kayden et al, 2014), the  model is linked to the future actions I identified in the ways of knowing assignment in that it can assist organizations to undertake changes that will ensure that they are adequately staffed and nurses have manageable workloads. Healthcare organizations can change the funding policy by increasing investment in education of adequate number of nurses and providing work environments that value and support their practice Model Selection and Critical Analysis Essay Assignment.

Classification of the model

Kotter’s model is a change management model because it has the basic steps of change management process. These steps include identification of the need for change, alignment and preparation of the team for change, implementation of change and sustenance of change. Biasi (2018)   asserts that Kotter identified that change is a procedure that moves through phases that build upon one another and may take time to execute. These steps have unique requirements with regard to leadership, participation, employee support, and communication.  Managers should follow all the eight steps or successful change to occur.

 

Key features of the model

Kotter’s model proposes a linear tactic to change through following several steps in a logical and ordered sequence. According to Uden et al (2015), the major eight steps of the model offer a path to successful implementation of change. Changing people’s behavior is regarded as the most important setback that can occur in all the phases. It is crucial to assist individuals feel and see the change so as to attain successful change. The model describes ways of implementing key change and also offers direction on conventional mistakes to avoid. The key features relate to my future I identified in that workforce planning in organizations need decision making that is driven by indicators showcasing data on patient outcomes. Practices that may overburden the current staff with heavy workloads along with demands that might further contribute to nurse’s turnover must be prevented.

Steps of the model

The first step of the model is the creation of a sense of urgency. This means that a leader creates a state that will make the organization to identify that a change is needed. The second step involves the building of an influential directing coalition, whose members have same attitude and vision towards creation of a universal goal or vision, and ways of attaining this goal.  The creation and operationalization of a vision is the third step of the model.  Operationalization is the concrete actions in regard to what individuals are doing and when the actions should be executed. The fourth step involves communication of the vision. Communicating the vision builds credibility and decreases skepticism. The fifth step is empowerment of people to act whereby individuals are offered the formal capability to act, entailing essential skills and required resources (Kayden et al, 2014).

The sixth steps involve planning for and creation of short-term wins, which need not be huge because change project usually comprises of numerous small phases of interdependent actions. The seventh step is consolidation of improvements with the aim of generation of more changes. It comprises of creation of additional short-term wins which makes the change to seem inevitable. the eight steps are to anchor and institutionalize the novel approaches. The aim of this step is to make change stick through and make it a portion of the procedures, routines, and culture of the organization (Kayden et al, 2014) Model Selection and Critical Analysis Essay Assignment.

Relationships in the model

Kotter’s model proposes remedies for common errors that happen during implementation of new strategies in an organization.  The model suggests that transforming organizations should develop an artificial vacuum for establishment of a sense of urgency for people to accept and drive the change. The first three steps create the climate for effective change, while the next three steps engage an organization in change and enable it to carry out the change. The last two steps involve implementation and sustenance of the change. The steps of the model demonstrate that for successful change to take place, there should be a sense of urgency, commitment, clear vision, stakeholder engagement, a well-laid plan and clear and good communication (Kotter, 2012).

Assumptions in the model

The model is based on several bureaucratic and rational assumptions. The rational presumptions are that firms exist to attain goals that are established and function best when rationality triumphs over external pressures and personal preferences. The bureaucratic presumption is that the firm is hierarchical, with labor being specialized and administered by impartial and explicit rules that are carefully applied by experts. Thus, as long as these presumptions hold, and provided that there is no scarcity of resources, the coalition is influential, and there is the existence of a sense of urgency, change is, in reality, conceivable (Kayden et al, 2014).

Application of the model professional practice

Kotter’s model can be used in the nursing profession to leading transformational change.  As Curley (2013) alleges, Kotter’s model provides a framework for guiding transformational change. The model offers guidelines that can function as a road map for changing the care offered to patients and recreating an enthusiasm for the nursing practice in the organization Model Selection and Critical Analysis Essay Assignment. The model can be used in my organization to influence staffing policies and managing workloads for nurses. Creating urgency entails involving leaders and people to feel and see why adequate staffing is necessary and why change in staffing policies needs to happen.

Conclusion

Kotter’s model is an influential change management model that can be used to direct changes in nursing staffing and retention in healthcare organizations. The model provides a framework for guiding transformational change. Through using the eight-step change model, leaders can create a climate for change, engage stakeholders in the change process and successfully implement and sustain change.

 

 

References

Biasi, K.  (2018).
Solving the Change Paradox by Means of Trust: Leveraging the Power of Trust to Provide Continuity in Times of Organizational Change
. Model Selection and Critical Analysis Essay Assignment  New York: Springer.

Curley, M. (2013). Synergy:
The Unique Relationship Between Nurses and Patients, the AACN Synergy Model for Patient Care
. Indianapolis:  Sigma Theta Tau

Kayden, S., Anderson, P., Freitas, R., & Platz, E. (2014).
Emergency Department Leadership and Management
.  Cambridge University Press.

Kotter, J. (2012).
Leading Change
.
Brighton,
  MA: Harvard Business Press.

Uden, L., Hericko, M., & Ting, I.  (2015).
Knowledge Management in Organizations:10
th
International Conference, KMO  2015
.  New York: Springer Model Selection and Critical Analysis Essay Assignment.

NUR700 Ways of Knowing in Nursing Essay

NUR700: Structure and Application of Contemporary Nursing Knowledge

Ways of Knowing

For this assignment you will explore, critically analyze, and professionally reflect on a recent professional experience that you perceive as a significant issue that could impact patient outcomes and population health. Within the context of the professional experience, you will explore values, beliefs, and assumptions. Through critical analysis you will identify 2 ways of knowing (emancipatory, ethical, personal, aesthetic, or empiric) that pertain to your professional experience. Lastly, you will professionally reflect on how the two ways of knowing will direct your choices of future actions to take.

Assignment Guidelines:

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1. Begin this assignment with an introduction. The introduction should include a discussion that provides:

• A brief succinct overview of the professional experience.

• A statement that explains the purpose of the assignment (e.g., The purpose of this assignment is to……).

2. After your introduction, discuss the following content using appropriate APA level headings:

• Professional Experience – Provide a detailed description of the professional experience NUR700 Ways of Knowing in Nursing Essay.

o In your description clearly identify:

 Why the experience was perceived as a significant issue that could impact patient outcomes and population health.

 The values, beliefs, and assumptions associated with the experience.

• Ways of Knowing – Provide a detailed description of the 2 ways of knowing that were selected.

o In your description clearly identify:

 How the two ways of knowing relate to your specific professional experience.

• Future Actions – Provide a detailed description of potential future actions to take as a result of the professional experience.

o In your description clearly identify:

 How each of the two ways of knowing influenced the selection of the potential future actions.

3. End your paper with a conclusion NUR700 Ways of Knowing in Nursing Essay. The conclusion should present a brief summary of the key takeaway points of the paper. The conclusion should not present any new information.

Scholarly Writing Guidelines:

1. Grammar, spelling, and APA writing style will be graded according to doctoral level expectations. Please proofread carefully.

2. Your paper should be double-spaced with one inch margins, and include:

a. A title page and a reference page (Note: all in-text citations and sources listed on the reference page should be according to APA 6th edition).

b. Times New Roman 12 pt font throughout entire document.

c. Page numbers.

d. A running head.

e. APA 6th edition formatted subject level headings.

 

Structure and Application of Contemporary Nursing Knowledge

Ways of Knowing

For this NUR700 Ways of Knowing in Nursing Essay assignment you will explore, critically analyze, and professionally reflect on a recent professional experience that you perceive as a significant issue that could impact patient outcomes and population health.  Within the context of the professional experience, you will explore values, beliefs, and assumptions.  Through critical analysis you will identify 2 ways of knowing (emancipatory, ethical, personal, aesthetic, or empiric) that pertain to your professional experience.  Lastly, you will professionally reflect on how the two ways of knowing will direct your choices of future actions to take.

Assignment Guidelines:

 

Begin this assignment with an introduction. The introduction should include a discussion that provides:

A brief succinct overview of the professional experience.

A statement that explains the purpose of the assignment (e.g., The purpose of this assignment is to……).

After your introduction, discuss the following content using appropriate APA level headings:

Professional Experience – Provide a detailed description of the professional experience.

In your description clearly identify:

Why the experience was perceived as a significant issue that could impact patient outcomes and population health.

The values, beliefs, and assumptions associated with the experience.

Ways of Knowing – Provide a detailed description of the 2 ways of knowing that were selected.

In your description clearly identify:

How the two ways of knowing relate to your specific professional experience.

Future Actions – Provide a detailed description of potential future actions to take as a result of the professional experience. NUR700 Ways of Knowing in Nursing Essay

In your description clearly identify:

How each of the two ways of knowing influenced the selection of the potential future actions.

End your paper with a conclusion. The conclusion should present a brief summary of the key takeaway points of the paper.  The conclusion should not present any new information.

 

Scholarly Writing Guidelines:

Grammar, spelling, and APA writing style will be graded according to doctoral level expectations. Please proofread carefully.

Your paper should be double-spaced with one inch margins, and include:

A title page and a reference page (Note: all in-text citations and sources listed on the reference page should be according to APA 6
th
edition).

Times New Roman 12 pt font throughout entire document. NUR700 Ways of Knowing in Nursing Essay

Page numbers.

A running head.

APA 6
th
edition formatted subject level headings.

Rubric:

Criteria and Total points

Student Points

Introduction = 3 points

·         Provided a brief succinct overview of the professional experience (2 points)

·         Stated the purpose of the assignment (1 point)

Professional Experience = 14 points

·         Provided a detailed description of the professional experience (4 points)

·         Clearly discussed why the experience was perceived as a significant issue that could impact patient outcomes and population health (4 points)

·         Clearly described the values (2 points), beliefs (2 points), and assumptions (2 points) associated with the experience. NUR700 Ways of Knowing in Nursing Essay

Ways of Knowing = 16 points

 

·         Provided a detailed description of each of the 2 ways of knowing (8 points total; 4 points each)

·         Clearly discussed how each of the two ways of knowing relate to the specific professional experience (8 points total; 4 points each)

Future Actions = 12 points

 

·         Provided a detailed description of potential future actions to take as a result of the professional experience (4 points)

·         Clearly discussed how each of the two ways of knowing influenced the selection of the potential future actions (8 points total; 4 points each)

Conclusion = 2 points

 

·         Provided a brief summary of the key takeaway points of the paper (2 points) NUR700 Ways of Knowing in Nursing Essay

Scholarly Writing = 8 points

 

·         Demonstrated appropriate grammar, spelling, and APA writing style (4 points)

·         Paper is double-spaced with one inch margins, and includes (4 points):

a.       A title page and a reference page.

b.      All in-text citations and sources listed on the reference page are formatted according to APA 6
th
edition.

c.       Times New Roman 12 pt font is throughout entire document.

d.      Page numbers are included.

e.      A running head is present.

f.        APA 6
th
edition formatted subject level headings are included. NUR700 Ways of Knowing in Nursing Essay

Total Points Possible =   55 points

 

Ways of knowing

Introduction

Nursing workload is a key problem for the nursing profession in the United States.  Nurses are experiencing heavy workloads than before as a result of an increase in demand for nurses, an insufficient supply of nurses and inadequate staffing and increased overtime. The increase in demand for nurses is due to the aging population with additional health care needs. The supply of nurses is inadequate to meet the present demand, with the shortage projected be more severe as demand will increase in future. The purpose of this assignment is to explore nursing workload as a significant issue that could impact patient outcomes and analyzes ways of knowing that pertain to my professional experience and how they will direct my choices of future actions to take NUR700 Ways of Knowing in Nursing Essay.

Professional experience and why it was perceived as a significant issue that could impact patient outcomes and population health

A high nursing workload is perceived as an important issue that could influence patient outcomes and population health because it is associated with suboptimal patient care and might result in low patient satisfaction. According to Ross et al (2019), there are numerous significant outcomes of heavy nursing overloads. A high nursing workload has an adverse effect on patient safety. In addition, it adversely affects the job satisfaction of nurse, and subsequently leads to increased turnover, which subsequently contributes to nursing shortage. Increased workloads result in lower patient safety and care quality and also increased rates of burnout, attrition, stress, and anxiety for nurses.

The assumptions, beliefs, and values associated with high nursing overload are that a high workload on nurses influences the time that nurses allot to numerous tasks. Under high workload, nurses may lack adequate time to complete tasks that will directly affect patient outcomes and population health. A key belief is that nursing workload leads to a decline in motivation as well as job satisfaction. It may lower morale, job performance, contribute to absenteeism and turnover and potentially threaten the quality of patient care. A major value associated with high nursing overload is that it violates nursing practice because there is deliberate nonconformity to nursing practice that is deemed essential in maintaining a secure or safe operation. NUR700 Ways of Knowing in Nursing Essay  High workload leads to creation of conditions for errors and unsafe and unsatisfactory patient care through lessening attention on critical tasks that are devoted to nurses (Kaur & Gujral, 2017).

How ways of knowing relate to the professional experience

The two patterns of knowing are personal and empirical knowing. Personal knowing is the knowledge that nurses have themselves and what they have encountered and experience. As indicated by Chinn and Kramer (2015), personal knowledge comes to a nurse via the procedure of observing, reflecting, and self-actualizing. It through understanding themselves that nurses are capable of establishing legitimate, therapeutic relationships since it propels them towards integrity and wholeness. Empiric knowing is the knowledge that is gained from objective facts and research.  it is systematically organized into universal theories and laws. A key scheme through which nurses employ empiric knowledge is via the utilization of evidence-based practice.

Personal knowledge relates high nursing workload in that it is gotten from first hand experience, self-awareness, and reflection, that jointly, enable nurses to interrelate with patients and in an authentic and empathetic way. Empirical knowledge relates to the experience of high nursing workload in that it is a factual knowledge in nursing gotten objective experience and scientific inquiry and can be verified empirically. Trough empirical knowledge nurses utilize levels of evidence on high nursing workload for competent and effective management of resources and patient care. Dossey and Keegan (2015) claim that personal knowledge along with clinical expertise is vital constituents with evidence-based practice NUR700 Ways of Knowing in Nursing Essay. Personal knowing allows to be actively involved and engaged in care and become conscious of their present nursing staffing and can use research conclusions to support interventions that may be used.

Potential future actions to take as a result of the professional experience

Future actions include emphasizing on nursing education and improving the work environment to overcome nursing shortages and heavy nursing workloads.  Hospitals can expand training capacity to enroll more nursing students or open new schools. They can employ use strategies such as partnering with nursing schools and providing educational benefits, like making payments for advanced education along with certification. Hospitals can improve recruitment and retention of nurses by changing their work environment (Cowen& Moorhead, 2017).

Personal and empiric knowledge influenced the selection of potential future actions by enabling me to access, learn and understand through lived experiences, and consequently took congruent action towards the development of a desirable practice. As Dossey and Keegan (2015) allege, empiric knowing is vital in searching for evidence and is required for nursing practice.  Personal knowledge integrates the knowledge or emotional intelligence and self-awareness of the nurse, and also the intuitive insight of meanings grounded on personal experiences and is proved by the therapeutic utilization of self.   Nurses acquire personal knowledge themselves as a result of caring for patients. It may be valid as empiric knowledge and nurses can confidently utilize it to justify actions NUR700 Ways of Knowing in Nursing Essay.

Conclusion

Nursing workload is an important issue that could impact patient outcomes and population outcomes.  High nurse workload is associated with suboptimal patient care and might result in low patient satisfaction as also cause anxiety, stress, and burnout among nurses. Under heavy workloads, nurses have little time to complete tasks which can result in low motivation and increased turnover and negatively influence patient outcomes NUR700 Ways of Knowing in Nursing Essay.

References

Chinn, P., & Kramer, M.  (2015).
Knowledge development in nursing theory and process
(9
th
ed.). St. Louis, MI: Elsevier.

Cowen, P., & Moorhead, S. (2017).
Current Issues in Nursing -E-Book
.  New York: Elsevier Health Sciences.

Dossey, B., & Keegan, L. (2015).
Holistic Nursing: A Handbook for Practice
.  Burlington, MA:  Jones & Bartlett Publishers

Kaur, M., & Gujral, H. (2017). Work Load On Nurses And It’s Impact On Patientcare.
IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science,
6(5), 22-26.

Ross, C., Rogers, C., & King, C.  (2019). Safety Culture and an invisible nursing workload.
Collegian,
26(1), 1-7. NUR700 Ways of Knowing in Nursing Essay

Nursing advocacy essay

Select and clearly describe an issue facing advanced practice nurses related to scope of practice. After describing the issue, please answer the following questions.

What ethical impact does the issue have on direct patient care? Please provide specific examples.

Describe any law or legal issue surrounding this policy issue.

Decide how this policy would affect your specific role as an advanced practice nurse.

Describe any changes you would make to your selected health policy issue. Please provide rationale for each cited change.

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Note: You should use current literature (material published within the past seven years unless it is seminal works on the topic or by the author) to support your position Nursing advocacy essay.

Nursing advocacy

Nursing advocacy is believed to be the pillar of change in the healthcare system. Nurses advocate for the communities, their workplaces and their patients which promotes change in the system. The nurses’ concerns as well as the patients’ challenges are shared by federal candidates through the support of the American Nurses Association Political Action Committee (ANA-PAC) (Walker et al., 2015).

Political action by nurses has direct impacts on patient care. It advocates for the resolution of patients challenges such as informed decision-making that is supported by autonomy (Choi, 2015). For instance, the political advocacy action translates medical terms which help the patients understand their health conditions and treatment options thus making ethical decisions. Additionally, it brings about the improvement of the healthcare quality delivery through provision of the necessary equipment, technologies and services by the government (Peltzer et al., 2016) Nursing advocacy essay. For example, nurses advocate for introduction of new medical technologies and machinery that help in the improvement of patient conditions in the emergency unit or increase in the number of equipment used for emergency patient cases.

The state and federal laws address nursing advocacy. The Nurse practice Act regulates the nursing practice and balances the protection of public health responsibility and the practicing rights of the nurses (Watson & O’Connor, 2017). This allows nurses to advocate for the public wellness as well as their own practice rights. Advocacy improves my nursing roles in that it provides a platform to air my concerns and as well as those of my patients. Nursing advocacy essay the change that I would make on the advocacy representation is that all nursing specialist be represented in the advocacy action to improve interdisciplinary collaboration during the resolution of healthcare problems affecting both the nurses and the patients.

References

Choi, P. P. (2015). Patient advocacy: the role of the nurse. 
Nursing Standard (2014+)
, 
29
(41), 52.

Peltzer, J. N., Teel, C. S., Frank-Ragan, E., & Nelson-Brantley, H. V. (2016). Strategies for building advocacy skills among undergraduate and graduate nursing students. 
Journal of Nursing Education
, 
55
(3), 177-181.

Walker, D. K., Barton-Burke, M., Saria, M. G., Gosselin, T., Ireland, A., Norton, V., & Newton, S. (2015). Everyday advocates: nursing advocacy is a full-time job. 
AJN The American Journal of Nursing
, 
115
(8), 66-70.

Watson, C. L., & O’Connor, T. (2017). Legislating for advocacy: The case of whistleblowing. 
Nursing ethics
, 
24
(3), 305-312 Nursing advocacy essay.

Nursing Practice change Model selection essay

This week’s content addressed the processes involved in selecting the most appropriate model to guide a practice change. Using the assigned readings and your professional experience as a starting point, answer the following:

1. In outline form, describe the processes to follow to appropriately select a model to guide a change in practice.

2. Discuss at least 2 specific possible consequences of selecting the wrong model.

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Week 12 discussion 700

In outline form, describe the processes to follow to appropriately select a model to guide a change in practice.

Model selection refers to the process of choosing between different available models. A four-step process has been identified for selecting the appropriate change model to guide a change practice.

Overreaching change objective

Such as improving nurses’ performance, improving patient care outcomes, and reducing incidences of hospital acquired infection.

Targeted stakeholders

The models are focused on different stakeholders. Having a clear awareness of the target stakeholders facilitates the decision about the model’s level of detail.

Differences between the available models

Different models have distinct purposes

Discipline

Change models are derived from other disciplines (such as psychology and sociology) and it is important to understand the original intention for developing these models. Nursing Practice change Model selection essay.

Available resources

Some models are costly to use and there is a need to ensure that the required resources are available

Face validity

Has the model been used in a similar documented change case?

Does the model look at change aspects that are relevant to the case? (Cherry & Jacobs, 2013).

Discuss at least 2 specific possible consequences of selecting the wrong model.

Although change models have limits and uncertainties, selecting the wrong change model has consequences. Firstly, it causes the change manager to lose credibility and the capacity to influence others. This would cause the audience to be more resistant to the change as they would perceive that all the information presented for the change is erroneous. Secondly, using the wrong model ensures that the change does not take a fixed position so that there are opportunities for improvement as new information is collected and a better of the case is acquired. It allows the change manager to take a less literal view of the change and look at alternative views (Feldman, 2012). Nursing Practice change Model selection essay.

 

References

Cherry, B. & Jacob, S. (2013).
Contemporary nursing, issues, trends, & management
(6
th
ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier Health Sciences.

Feldman, A. (2012).
Understanding health care reform: bridging the gap between myth and reality
. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Nursing Practice change Model selection essay.

Nursing practice change models Essay

This week’s content reviewed specific models that can be used to guide a practice change. Using the assigned readings and your professional experience as a starting point, answer the following:

1. Summarize the commonalities (similarities) of the models.

2. Identify a minimum of two ways the models differed.

3. Describe which model reflects the formal or informal processes that have occurred at the professional organization you are employed at when a practice change has been implemented. In your response provide at least two specific detailed examples. Nursing practice change models Essay.

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Week 12 discussion 700

Summarize the commonalities (similarities) of the models.

Change models are structured approaches applied to ensure that the change is successfully and smoothly implemented even as the intended benefits are achieved. They have three similarities. Firstly, they are presented in a step-by-step (stages) approach that reflect progression from non-acceptance of the change towards acceptance. The steps act as guidelines to be followed to ensure that expected results can be determined. Secondly, they focus more on the preparation and acceptance of the change, and less on the actual change. Thirdly, they offer a visual language that displays what the change managers should do (Marquis & Huston, 2017) Nursing practice change models Essay.

Identify a minimum of two ways the models differed.

Change models have three differences. Firstly, they differ on whether or not the steps can be skipped. Some change models require that the steps be followed diligently (such as Kotter’s 8 change model) while other models allow for the steps to be mixed up (such as McKinsey 7-S Model). Secondly, the process applied with each model differs. Some models require much time to implement (such as Kotter’s 8 change model) while others can be speedily implemented to completion (such as Lewin’s Change Management Model) (Marquis & Huston, 2017).

Describe which model reflects the formal or informal processes that have occurred at the professional organization you are employed at when a practice change has been implemented.

Lewin’s change management model reflects the formal and informal process that have occurred in the medical facility as a professional organization. The change involves adopting bedside shift reporting for nurses as standard practice to replace end of shift reporting at the nurses’ station. During the process of the change, the nurse personnel when through the three stages of change as described by the model. Firstly, the nurses went through the unfreezing stage when they resisted the proposed change despite the evidence that it would improve nursing care outcomes, arguing that it added to their workload and there was no need to change the old system since it worked just fine. Secondly, the nurses went through the transition stage when the change was initiated partially in some departments and the nurses experienced the new system in detail. Reassurance and adequate leadership was offered to the nurses. Nursing practice change models Essay Finally, the nurses went through refreezing when the change was accepted, successfully implemented in the whole hospital, and the nurses began operating under the new end of shift reporting guidelines (Northouse, 2016).

 

References

Marquis, B. L. & Huston, C. J. (2017).
Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: theory and application
(9
th
ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

Northouse, P. G. (2016).
Leadership: theory and practice
(7
th
ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Nursing practice change models Essay

Confirming and validating empiric knowledge essay

This week’s content addressed the steps for confirming and validating empiric knowledge. Using the assigned readings and your professional experience as a starting point, answer the following:

1. Consider the signs and symptoms you personally associate with an abstract concept in your daily professional practice (e.g., grief, anxiety, fear, pain, etc). How do you know if these are “true” indicators of what the patient is actually experiencing? Provide a supporting rationale.

2. Discuss the role of empirical assessment in confirmation and validation of empiric knowledge in relationship to the abstract concept you identified in #1.

3. Identify and discuss a tool that could be used to empirically assess the abstract concept. In your discussion, state which theory the tool was derived from. confirming and validating empiric knowledge essay.

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700 Week 9 Discussion

The symptoms and signs that I associate with an abstract concept in my daily professional practice include anxiety. This is a true indicator of what the patient is actually experiencing because illness and pain are associated with stress that brings anxiety because patients are anxious about their recovery while patients with terminal illness may be anxious about their chances of surviving (Borimnejad et al, 2017). For example, according to Bennett et al (2017) manifestations of concept of anxiety may include the patient shaking, being overly quiet, crying, compulsive eating, failure to eat, as well as the patient refusing to eat.

The role of empirical assessment in confirmation and validating empiric knowledge in regard to anxiety as the abstract concept is to identify the level of worry and anxiety patients are experiencing. This is because behaviors associated with anxiety may not always be consistent with the theoretic concept. anxiety is an abstract concept and hence conveys something already in existence, it is important to identify anxiety, understand how it works, and establish how individuals experience anxiety differently.  Therefore, the nurse should draw from their experience regarding anxiety in order to gauge empiric behaviors one has identified (Bennett et al, 2017).

There are tools available to assess the anxiety concept using empiric indicators such as crying, worrying, loss of appetite, fear of impending doom, etc. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) is a tool that can be used to assess anxiety in patients (Ju et al, 2018) confirming and validating empiric knowledge essay. HAM-A measures the level of anxiety in patients by rating the anxiety symptoms. The tool measures both somatic anxiety and psychic anxiety in patients (Porter et al, 2017).

 

 

References

Bennett, P. N., Wang, W., Moore, M., & Nagle, C. (2017). Care partner: A concept analysis.
Nursing Outlook. 65(2),
184-194.

Borimnejad L, Mardani-Hamooleh M, Seyedfatemi N & Mamak T. (2017). Palliative Nursing for Cancer Patients as an Abstract Concept: A Hermeneutic Study.
The Journal of

Nursing Research
. 2(1). confirming and validating empiric knowledge essay.

Ju H, Kang E, Jeon D, Kim T, Moon J, Choi J & Jung D. (2018). Associations Among Plasma Stress Markers and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Breast Cancer Following Surgery.
Psychiatry Investig
. 15(2), 133–140.

Porter E, Brian S, Kevin M, Robert D, Holon S & Barber J. (2017). Psychometric Properties of the Reconstructed Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Scales.
J Nerv Ment Dis
. 205(8), 656–664 confirming and validating empiric knowledge essay.

Week 8 Discussion 700 Patients health literacy essay

The focus of this week was the processes involved in describing and critically analyzing a theory. Using the assigned readings and your professional experience as a starting point, answer the following:

1. Identify a strategy you frequently implement in your daily professional practice (e.g., assess a patient’s health literacy level).

2. Describe the purpose that guides your use of this strategy (e.g., to use best practice strategies to educate a patient regarding lifestyle modifications). Patients health literacy essay.

3. Identify challenges or barriers you often experience when implementing the strategy.

4. Select a theory that has been developed in the literature that addresses the purpose you identified in #2.

5. Describe how the theory could be used as a guide to overcome the challenges or barriers you identified in #3.

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My daily professional practice is characterized by multiple activities involving patient care. One of the basic strategies that I implement on all patients is to assess their level of health literacy. The assessment of patient’s literacy levels involves the administration of specific tests such as a reading skills test that determines the ability of the client to code words. Patients health literacy essay Health literacy describes the capacity of an individual to process, obtain, and understand the health information and services essential for informed decision-making regarding treatment (Beauchamp et al., 2015).  The skills tested include communication and interaction skills, critical analysis, numerical, speaking, listening, writing and reading skills.

The purpose for assessing the health literacy of a patient is to get insights on how to best use practice strategies to educate clients about the modifications of their lifestyles to improve their health outcomes. For instance, I consider this strategy necessary because it orients me to the kind of client I will be dealing with and helps device a customized treatment plan for them that respects their cultural and literacy factors to facilitate effective communication. It also guides me on the type and mode of health education strategies to employ on particular clients Patients health literacy essay. This in turn promotes patient-centered care and facilitates the patient’s involvement in their treatment plan and self-care.

During my daily professional practice, I experience several challenges related to the literacy levels of the client ad their assessment. Dealing with illiterate clients is the biggest challenge since it disables communication between the patient and the providers. Moreover, cultural factors such as language diversity act as barriers to healthcare literacy assessment (Batterham wt a., 2016). The ability of the client to read and write in different languages other than English makes communication difficult and often demands the presence of a translator.  In addition, age affects the practice in that the elderly tend to be less literate compared to the young ones. Furthermore, ethnicity impacts the access of health education and thus undermines the process of implementation. Patients health literacy essay.

Health literacy is associated with the social cognitive theory. This theory focuses on the observation of attitudes, behaviors and emotional reactions that influence the human behavior (Stacey et al., 2015). In this case, health literacy assessment purposes to use best practice strategies to educate a patient regarding lifestyle modifications which begins with behavioral and attitude change. This theory thus guides the practitioner in studying the patient through observation thus devising an appropriate behavioral change plan that suites his capabilities, environment factors and target outcomes of the treatment. It also supports self-efficacy, self-reaction, self-evaluation, and self-observation which promote self-care.

The Social Cognitive Theory can thus be used as guide to overcome the above challenges in many ways. For instance, the observation of the client enables understanding of their cultural factors such as language, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors. This creates a foundation for approaching patients from this cultural setting and also in the formulation of lifestyle modifications that respect their beliefs and are generally culturally sensitive (Wang, 2016). This will help eliminate the cultural challenges associated with the implementation of health literacy assessment strategy. On the other hand, the theory is essential in guiding the practice across all age groups. Observation of the client helps in determining their age and their knowledge regarding health issues. This will in turn guide the nurse in modifying the lifestyle changes of the each age group depending on what they can read and understand. Patients health literacy essay.

References

Batterham, R. W., Hawkins, M., Collins, P. A., Buchbinder, R., & Osborne, R. H. (2016). Health literacy: applying current concepts to improve health services and reduce health inequalities. 
Public health
, 
132
, 3-12.

Beauchamp, A., Buchbinder, R., Dodson, S., Batterham, R. W., Elsworth, G. R., McPhee, C., … & Osborne, R. H. (2015). Distribution of health literacy strengths and weaknesses across socio-demographic groups: a cross-sectional survey using the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ). 
BMC public health
, 
15
(1), 678 Patients health literacy essay.

Stacey, F. G., James, E. L., Chapman, K., Courneya, K. S., & Lubans, D. R. (2015). A systematic review and meta-analysis of social cognitive theory-based physical activity and/or nutrition behavior change interventions for cancer survivors. 
Journal of Cancer Survivorship
, 
9
(2), 305-338.

Wang, Q. (2016). Why should we all be cultural psychologists? Lessons from the study of social cognition. 
Perspectives on Psychological Science
, 
11
(5), 583-596. Patients health literacy essay.