Tag: Clinical-Nursing

  • NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments

    NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments

    NURS 6050 Week 2 Discussion:
    Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform

    Discussion: Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform

    As health care delivery in the United States continues to evolve, either through mandates, improved technologies and training, or other drivers, nurses remain at the forefront in facilitating the success of new initiatives. In 2010, the Institute of Medicine formed a committee of experts to address the following question: “What roles can nursing assume to address the increasing demand for safe, high-quality, and effective health care services?” In the final report of the committee, The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health, the authors stated:

    ORDER A CUSTOM-WRITTEN PAPER NOW

    This report offers recommendations that collectively serve as a blueprint to (1) ensure that nurses can practice to the full extent of their education and training, (2) improve nursing education, (3) provide opportunities for nurses to assume leadership positions and to serve as full partners in health care redesign and improvement efforts, and (4) improve data collection for workforce planning and policy making. (p. 10) NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    For this Discussion: Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform assignment, you will focus on the research recommendations presented by the committee concerning the role of nurses as leaders. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments. The committee members believe that answers to these research questions are needed to advance the profession of nursing and to further expand their role in health care reform and improvement.

    To prepare for Discussion: Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform:

    Review Chapter 7 in The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health report provided in the Learning Resources. Focus on the information in Box 7.3, “Research Priorities for Transforming Nursing Leadership.” NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Select one of the research priorities listed in Box 7.3 that is of particular interest to you and applicable to your career interests. Consider the benefits and challenges of researching and addressing this priority in nursing.

    Using the Walden library, identify two to three current articles that address your selected research priority. Consider the current state of research efforts on this priority.

    Reflect on how the research findings for your area of priority impact nurses as leaders in organizations and health care reform. Why is research on this priority important? NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    By Day 3 of Discussion: Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform

    Post a description of the priority you selected and the benefits and challenges of further researching this area. Provide an overview of the articles you found (using appropriate APA citations) relating to this priority, and highlight any key findings. Explain how continued research in this area could strengthen the ability of nurses to lead in both individual organizations and as advocates of health care reform. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses. Focus particularly on those questions raised to which you can add comments based on shared experiences or situations. Consider how your colleagues’ postings reflect and/or differ from your own perceptions and opinions. Review the Learning Resources for any clarification needed before responding.

    By Day 6 of Discussion: Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform

    Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days in one or more of the following ways: NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence, or research using an in-text citation in APA format.

    Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.

    Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.

    Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.

    Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence.

    Discussion: Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform Reference:

    National Academy of Sciences. (2011) The future of nursing: Leading change, advancing health.

    Retrieved from https://download.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12956

    Click on the Reply button below to reveal the textbox for entering your message. Then click on the Submit button to post your message.

    NURS 6050 Week 10 Discussion: 
    Ethical Issues With an Aging Population

    According to the CDC, “in the United States, the proportion of the population aged >65 years is projected to increase from 12.4% in 2000 to 19.6% in 2030,” (CDC, 2003, para. 2). Caring for this aging population is going to be one of the greatest challenges facing the health care industry. Not only will the number of individuals requiring care rise, but so will the cost. As poignantly stated by Crippen and Barnato, “unless we change the practice of medicine and reduce future costs, and explicitly address the ethical dilemmas we face, there may come a time when our kids simply cannot afford us” (2011, p. 128). NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    In this Discussion, you will examine the ethical issues that the United States and other nations must address when faced with the health care challenges of an aging population.

    To prepare:

    Consider the ethical aspects of health care and health policy for an aging population.

    Review the Hayutin, Dietz, and Mitchell report presented in the Learning Resources. The authors pose the question, “What are the economic consequences, now and for future generations of taxpayers if we fail to adapt our policies to the changing reality of an older population?” (p. 21). Consider how you would respond to this question. In addition, reflect on the ethical decisions that arise when dispersing limited funds. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Contemplate the impact of failing to adjust policy in accordance with the changing reality of an older population.

    Reflect on the ethical dilemmas that arise when determining expenditures on end-of-life health care.

    By Day 3

    Post an explanation of the ethical standards you believe should be used in determining how resources should be allocated for an aging population and end-of-life care. Then, provide an analysis of the ethical challenges related to the preparation for the provision of such health care.

    Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

    By Day 6

    Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days in one or more of the following ways:

    Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence, or research using an in-text citation in APA format NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.

    Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.

    Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.

    Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.

    Expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    References:

    Crippen, D., & Barnato, A. E. (2011). The ethical implications of health spending: Death and other expensive conditions. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 39(2), 121–129. doi:10.1111/j.1748-720X.2011.00582.x

    Public health and aging: Trends in aging—United States and worldwide. Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5206a2.htm

    Click on the Reply button below to reveal the textbox for entering your message. Then click on the Submit button to post your message

    NURS 6050 Week 11 Discussion: 
    What Can Nurses Do?

    Many people, most of them in tropical countries of the Third World, die of preventable, curable diseases. . . . Malaria, tuberculosis, acute lower-respiratory infections—in 1998, these claimed 6.1 million lives. People died because the drugs to treat those illnesses are nonexistent or are no longer effective. They died because it doesn’t pay to keep them alive.
    NURS
    6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    –Ken Silverstein, Millions for Viagra. Pennies for Diseases of the Poor, The Nation, July 19, 1999

    Unfortunately, since 1998, little has changed. For many individuals living in impoverished underdeveloped countries, even basic medical care is difficult to obtain. Although international agencies sponsor outreach programs and corporations, and although nonprofit organizations donate goods and services, the level of health care remains far below what is necessary to meet the needs of struggling populations. Polluted water supplies, unsanitary conditions, and poor nutrition only exacerbate the poor health prevalent in these environments. Nurses working in developed nations have many opportunities/advantages that typically are not available to those in underdeveloped countries. What can nurses do to support their international colleagues and advocate for the poor and underserved of the world?

    In this
    Discussion
    , you will consider the challenges of providing health care for the world’s neediest citizens, as well as how nurses can advocate for these citizens.

    To prepare:

    Consider the challenges of providing health care in underdeveloped countries.

    Conduct research in the Walden Library and other reliable resources to determine strategies being used to address these challenges.

    Using this week’s Learning Resources, note the factors that impact the ability of individuals in underdeveloped nations to obtain adequate health care.

    Consider strategies nurses can use to advocate for health care at the global level. What can one nurse do to make a difference? NURS
    6050
    Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health
    weekly essay discussions
    and assignments.

    By Day 3

    Post a description of at least two challenges related to providing adequate health care in underdeveloped countries. Then, describe two strategies you might use to address those challenges, and explain why. Finally, describe one strategy nurses might use in advocating for health care at the global level, and explain why this would be an effective strategy.

    Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

    By Day 6

    Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days in one or more of the following ways:

    Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence, or research using an in-text citation in APA format. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.

    Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.

    Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.

    Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.

    Expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence.

    Click on the Reply button below to reveal the textbox for entering your message. Then click on the Submit button to post your message.

    NURS 6050 Week 3 Discussion: 
    Financing of Health Care

    Discussion: Financing of Health Care

    With coinciding concerns about health care costs and the imperative to improve quality of care, health care providers and others face difficult decisions in the effort to achieve an appropriate balance. Such decisions often are addressed in the policy arena. How do policymakers evaluate which health care services should be financed through government programs? NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments. How do ethics-related questions and other considerations play into this evaluation process? Is it possible to contain costs and provide accessible, high-quality care to all, or is the tension between cost and care inherent in the U.S. health care delivery system? These questions are central to health care financing decisions in the United States.

    For this NURS 6050 Week 3 Discussion: Financing of Health Care, you will focus on the policy decision-making process that determines what types of care are covered by public and private insurers and the ethical aspects of such financial decisions.

    To prepare:

    Read the following case study, “Hard Economic and Finance Choices in US Healthcare” (Milstead):

    Case Study 1: Hard Economic and Finance Choices in US Healthcare

    Applied economics is all about managing scarce resources. Economics is an amoral field of study: it is neither moral nor immoral. Morality and values are determined by individuals at the personal level and by group consensus or majority opinion at the national level. State and federal governments determine the ‘will of the people’ about how to use scarce resources for the good of a nation. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    The U.S. health care system is an exemplar of scarcity: primary care physicians, substance abuse treatment centers, trauma centers, registered nurses, and the money to pay for goods and services. Finance is all about how to pay for goods and services. The Medicare Payment Advisory Commission (MedPAC) is appointed by the Executive branch of the federal government to make decisions about what the Medicare program will and will not pay for. In this role, MedPAC makes decisions about medications, procedures and treatments. Examples of MedPAC decisions include coverage for left ventricular assistive devices as a destination therapy, coverage for bariatric surgery, and in 2010, coverage of the drug Provenge™. By law, MedPAC is not allowed to use price or cost of any treatment in its decision-making processes.

    Review the information in the Washington Post article “Review of Prostate Cancer Drugs Provenge Renews Medical Cost-Benefit Debate” in the Learning Resources.

    Consider how policy decisions currently are made about what will and will not be paid for and what changes, if any, could improve the process.

    Reflect on how the Washington Post example illustrates the tension between cost and care.

    By Day 3

    Post your analysis and assessment of the ethical and economic challenges related to policy decisions such as those presented in the Washington Post article. How does this type of situation contribute to the tension between cost and care? Substantiate your response with at least two outside resources. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    By Day 6

    Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days in one or more of the following ways:

    Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence, or research using an in-text citation in APA format.

    Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.

    Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.

    Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.

    Expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence.

    Discussion:
    Financing of Health Care
    References:

    National Health Expenditures 2010 Highlights, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.cms.gov/NationalHealthExpendData/downloads/highlights.pdf.

    Milstead, J. A. (2013). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (3rd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

    Click on the Reply button below to reveal the textbox for entering your message. Then click on the Submit button to post your message. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    NURS 6050 Week 9 Discussion: 
    Legal and Ethical Conduct

    As emphasized in this week’s media presentation, all nurses need to be familiar with the laws and regulations that govern their practice: their state’s Nurse Practice Act, ANA’s Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, specialty group standards of practice, etc. In addition, basic ethical principles guide nurses’ decision-making process every day. ANA’s Code of Ethics and ANA’s Social Policy Statement are two important documents that outline nurses’ ethical responsibilities to their patients, themselves, and their profession. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments. This said, there is a dilemma: The laws are not always compatible with the ethical positions nurses sometimes take. This week’s Discussion focuses on such a dilemma.

    To prepare:

    Review this week’s Learning Resources, focusing on the information in the media presentation about the relationship between the law and ethics.

    Consider the ethical responsibility of nurses in ensuring patient autonomy, beneficence, non-malfeasance, and justice.

    Read the following scenario:

    Lena is a community health care nurse who works exclusively with HIV-positive and AIDS patients. As a part of her job, she evaluates new cases and reviews confidential information about these patients. In the course of one of these reviews, Lena learns that her sister’s boyfriend has tested HIV positive. Lena would like to protect her sister from harm and begins to consider how her sister can find out about her boyfriend’s health status. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Consult at least two resources to help you establish Lena’s legal and ethical position. These resources might include your state’s Nurse Practice Act, the ANA’s Code of Ethics, ANA’s Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, and internal or external standards of care.

    Consider what action you would take if you were Lena and why.

    Determine whether the law and the ANA’s standards support or conflict with that action.

    By Day 3

    Post a description of the actions you would take in this situation, and why. Justify these actions by referencing appropriate laws, ethical standards, and professional guidelines.

    Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

    By Day 6

    Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days in one or more of the following ways:

    Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence, or research using an in-text citation in APA format.

    Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.

    Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.

    Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.

    Expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence..

    Click on the Reply button below to reveal the textbox for entering your message. Then click on the Submit button to post your message. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    NURS 6050 Week 4
    Discussion

    Discussion: Key Health Determinants

    Did you know that the United States has a higher rate of infant mortality than Japan (CIA, n.d.)? Or, as Dr. Beilenson states in this week’s media presentation, that “your zip code that you live in makes more difference in your health and well-being than the genetic code that you’re born with?” What causes these differences in health outcomes?

    To effectively develop policies and programs to improve population health, it is useful to use a framework to guide the process. Different organizations and governmental agencies (for example, Healthy People 2020) have created a variety of such frameworks, which establish measures for assessing population health. These measures frequently are derived from the examination of epidemiologic data, which include key measures of population health such as mortality, morbidity, life expectancy, etc. Within each measure are a variety of progress indicators that use epidemiologic data to assess improvement or change. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    For this NURS 6050 Week 5 Discussion: Key Health Determinants assignment, you will apply a framework developed by Kindig, Asada, and Booske (2008) to a population health issue of interest to you. This framework includes five key health determinants that should be considered when developing policies and programs to improve population health: access to health care, individual behavior, social environment, physical environment, and genetics.

    To prepare for Discussion: Key Health Determinants:

    Review the article “A Population Health Framework for Setting National and State Health Goals,” focusing on population health determinants. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Review the information in the blog post “What Is Population Health?”

    With this information in mind, elect a population health issue that is of interest to you.

    Using this week’s Learning Resources, the Walden Library, and other relevant resources, conduct a search to locate current data on your population health issue NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Consider how epidemiologic data has been used to design population health measures and policy initiatives in addressing this issue.

    By Day 3

    Post a summary of how the five population health determinants (access to health care, individual behavior, social environment, physical environment, and genetics) affect your selected health issue, and which determinants you think are most impactful for that particular issue and why. Explain how epidemiologic data supports the significance of your issue, and explain how this data has been used in designing population health measures and policy initiatives. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

    By Day 6

    Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days in one or more of the following ways:

    Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence, or research using an in-text citation in APA format.

    Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.

    Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.

    Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.

    Expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Discussion: Key Health Determinants References:

    Central Intelligence Agency. (n.d.) The world factbook. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html

    Kindig, D., Asada, Y., & Booske, B. (2008). A population health framework for setting national and state health goals. JAMA, 299(17), 2081–2083. doi: 10.1001/jama.299.17.2081

    Click on the Reply button below to reveal the textbox for entering your message. Then click on the Submit button to post your message. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    NURS 6050 Week 5 Discussion

    Addressing Behavioral Risk Factors Assignment

    “It is unreasonable to expect that people will change their behavior easily when so many forces in the social, cultural, and physical environment conspire against such change” (Kovner and Knickman, p. 139).

    When seeking to lessen behavioral risk factors in different populations, one of the greatest challenges is addressing the systemic issues within the population that enable the risky behavior to occur in the first place. Consider the health risks of school-age children not being immunized or drug users sharing needles. As Dr. Beilenson discussed in the Week 4 media program, these risky behaviors led to increases in individual and population health problems. Thus, when planning health prevention programs, it is important to consider how to effectively address risky behaviors at both the individual and the population level. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    The NURS 6050 Week 5 Discussion: Addressing Behavioral Risk Factors Assignment Discussion this week focuses on the use of the Population-Based Intervention Model outlined in the course text Health Care Delivery in the United States, as well as how this model can be applied to strengthen advocacy programs.

    To prepare for Addressing Behavioral Risk Factors Assignment:

    Select one of the behavioral risk factors from the Healthy Population 2010 Objectives (listed in Table 7.1 on p. 128 of the course text) that is of interest to you.

    Using the Walden Library and other credible websites, research how this risk factor is affecting your community or state NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    With your selected risk factor in mind, review the information on the Population-Based Intervention Model on pp. 136–140 in the course text, Health Care Delivery in the United States. In particular, focus on the concept of downstream, midstream, and upstream interventions. Consider at least one intervention that could be put into place at each stage.

    By Day 3

    Post a description of the behavioral risk factor you selected and how this factor is impacting your community or state. Using the Population-Based Intervention Model, suggest at least one intervention that could be put into place at each stage (downstream, midstream, and upstream) to ensure that a health prevention program addressing the behavioral risk factor would have a greater chance at succeeding. Justify why each intervention you identified would be effective. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

    By Day 6

    Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days in one or more of the following ways:

    Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence, or research using an in-text citation in APA format.

    Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.

    Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.

    Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.

    Expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence.

    Addressing Behavioral Risk Factors Assignment References:

    Kovner, A. R., & Knickman, J. R. (Eds.). (2011). Health care delivery in the United States (10th ed.). New York, NY: Springer Publishing.

    Click on the Reply button below to reveal the textbox for entering your message. Then click on the Submit button to post your message.

    NURS 6050 Week 6 Discussion: 
    Improving Quality

    Improving the quality of health care delivery and patient safety continues to be a political concern and has been at the heart of reform issues for many years. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments. The American Nurses Association (ANA) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) have increased awareness of health care quality and safety issues, as well as advocated for health care reform. The documents featured at the ANA and IOM websites listed in this week’s Learning Resources focus on many of the current issues surrounding quality and safety in the health care industry.

    To prepare:

    Review this week’s Learning Resources, focusing on the Six Aims for Improvement presented in the landmark report “Crossing the Quality Chasm: The IOM Health Care Quality Initiative.”

    Consider these six aims with regard to your current organization, or one with which you are familiar. In what areas have you seen improvement? What areas still present challenges? As a nurse leader, how can you contribute to improving the organization’s achievement of these aims? NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Select one specific quality or safety issue that is presenting a challenge in the organization. Consider at least one quality improvement strategy that could be used to address the issue, as well as which of the six aims for improvement would then be addressed.

    Reflect on your professional practice and your experiences with inter-professional collaboration to improve quality and safety. How has inter-professional collaboration contributed to your organization’s efforts to realize the IOM’s six aims for improving health care? Where has inter-professional collaboration been lacking? NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    By Day 3

    Post a description of the quality or safety issue you selected and a brief summary of the impact that this issue has on health care delivery. Describe at least one quality improvement strategy used to address this issue. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments. Then explain which of the six “aims for improvement” are addressed by the strategy. Finally, explain how inter-professional collaboration helps improve quality in this area.

    Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

    By Day 6

    Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days in one or more of the following ways:

    Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence, or research using an in-text citation in APA format.

    Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.

    Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.

    Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.

    Expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence.

    Click on the Reply button below to reveal the textbox for entering your message. Then click on the Submit button to post your message.

    NURS 6050 Week 7 Discussion: 
    Health Care Policy

    Health Care Policy Impact on Nurses Practice

    In this week’s media presentation, Dr. Trautman, Dr. Wakefield, and Ms. Coyle discuss how public policies initiated at the national or state level ultimately influence what occurs at the institutional and local level of nursing practice and health care delivery. Health care policy usually is developed to address health care cost, quality, or access, or a combination of the three. Due to the nature of their interaction with patients, nurses are well situated to be effective, knowledgeable advocates for their patients.

    In this week’s Discussion, you will examine how current policies impact how you as a nurse provide health care. You will then select an issue of interest and determine how you could advocate for policy in that area.

    To prepare:

    Select one public policy that currently is impacting you and your practice. Consider the following:

    What health care driver was the policy designed to address: cost, quality, access, or a combination?

    Does the policy appear to be achieving its intended results? On what data are you basing your assumption?

    What have been the effects (adverse or positive) of this policy on health care cost, quality, and access?

    How is this policy affecting your nursing practice? NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Next, select a health care issue—something you see or experience on a daily basis—about which you would like to influence a practice change through the policy process.

    Review the Learning Resources, focusing on Kingdon’s Model. How would you utilize this model to guide your policy development?

    By Day 3 OF
     Health Care Policy Impact on Nurses Practice

    Post a brief description of a public policy that is having an impact on your practice; summarize your analysis of the policy using the bulleted list above as a guide. Then, summarize the issue you would like to influence though a change in public policy, and outline how you would utilize Kingdon’s Model to guide your policy development. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

    By Day 6 OF Health Care Policy Impact on Nurses Practice

    Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days in one or more of the following ways:

    Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence, or research using an in-text citation in APA format.

    Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.

    Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.

    Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.

    Expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Click on the Reply button below to reveal the textbox for entering your message. Then click on the Submit button to post your message.

    NURS 6050 Week 8 Discussion: 
    Nurses as Health Advocates

    Discussion: Nurses as Health Advocates

    What does it take to be an effective health advocate? As a nurse, you have many opportunities to advocate for patients and populations, whether formally or informally. Being an advocate involves more than knowing how to lobby or to whom to write letters. It requires passion and compassion, commitment and courage. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    In this Discussion, you will consider the attributes of an effective advocate for population health and/or the nursing profession. You will analyze those attributes that help nurses be a powerful force in improving the quality of health care.

    To prepare FOR Discussion: Nurses as Health Advocates :

    Review the article “On Being a Good Nurse: Reflections on the Past and Preparing for the Future” and “War, its aftermath, and U.S. health policy: Toward a comprehensive health program for America’s military personnel, veterans, and their families” found in this week’s Learning Resources.

    Consider the multiple health care needs of returning veterans and their families.

    By Day 3 OF Discussion: Nurses as Health Advocates

    Post two types of health needs returning veterans and their families might need. Identify two types of health needs returning veterans and their families might need. How might you advocate for the needs of this population. What type of advocacy skills would you need and how could you develop them. What responsibility does a nurse have to be an advocate? Give specific examples. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

    By Day 6 OF Discussion: Nurses as Health Advocates

    Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days in one or more of the following ways:

    Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence, or research using an in-text citation in APA format.

    Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.

    Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.

    Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.

    Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence.

    Click on the Reply button below to reveal the textbox for entering your message. Then click on the Submit button to post your message.

    NURS 6050 Week 9 Discussion: 
    Legal and Ethical Conduct

    Discussion: Legal and Ethical Conduct

    As emphasized in this week’s media presentation, all nurses need to be familiar with the laws and regulations that govern their practice: their state’s Nurse Practice Act, ANA’s Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, specialty group standards of practice, etc. In addition, basic ethical principles guide nurses’ decision-making process every day. ANA’s Code of Ethics and ANA’s Social Policy Statement are two important documents that outline nurses’ ethical responsibilities to their patients, themselves, and their profession. This said, there is a dilemma: The laws are not always compatible with the ethical positions nurses sometimes take. This week’s Discussion focuses on such a dilemma. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    To prepare for Discussion: Legal and Ethical Conduct:

    Review this week’s Learning Resources, focusing on the information in the media presentation about the relationship between the law and ethics.

    Consider the ethical responsibility of nurses in ensuring patient autonomy, beneficence, non-malfeasance, and justice.

    Read the following scenario:

    Lena is a community health care nurse who works exclusively with HIV-positive and AIDS patients. As a part of her job, she evaluates new cases and reviews confidential information about these patients. In the course of one of these reviews, Lena learns that her sister’s boyfriend has tested HIV positive. Lena would like to protect her sister from harm and begins to consider how her sister can find out about her boyfriend’s health status. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Consult at least two resources to help you establish Lena’s legal and ethical position. These resources might include your state’s Nurse Practice Act, the ANA’s Code of Ethics, ANA’s Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, and internal or external standards of care. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Consider what action you would take if you were Lena and why.

    Determine whether the law and the ANA’s standards support or conflict with that action.

    By Day 3 of Discussion: Legal and Ethical Conduct

    Post a description of the actions you would take in this situation, and why. Justify these actions by referencing appropriate laws, ethical standards, and professional guidelines. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

    By Day 6 of Discussion: Legal and Ethical Conduct

    Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days in one or more of the following ways:

    Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence, or research using an in-text citation in APA format.

    Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.

    Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.

    Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.

    Expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Click on the Reply button below to reveal the textbox for entering your message. Then click on the Submit button to post your message.

    NURS 6050 Week 10 Discussion: 
    Ethical Issues With an Aging Population

    Discussion: Ethical Issues With an Aging Population

    According to the CDC, “in the United States, the proportion of the population aged >65 years is projected to increase from 12.4% in 2000 to 19.6% in 2030,” (CDC, 2003, para. 2). Caring for this aging population is going to be one of the greatest challenges facing the health care industry. Not only will the number of individuals requiring care rise, but so will the cost. As poignantly stated by Crippen and Barnato, “unless we change the practice of medicine and reduce future costs, and explicitly address the ethical dilemmas we face, there may come a time when our kids simply cannot afford us” (2011, p. 128). NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    In this Discussion, you will examine the ethical issues that the United States and other nations must address when faced with the health care challenges of an aging population.

    To prepare:

    Consider the ethical aspects of health care and health policy for an aging population.

    Review the Hayutin, Dietz, and Mitchell report presented in the Learning Resources. The authors pose the question, “What are the economic consequences, now and for future generations of taxpayers if we fail to adapt our policies to the changing reality of an older population?” (p. 21). Consider how you would respond to this question. In addition, reflect on the ethical decisions that arise when dispersing limited funds. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Contemplate the impact of failing to adjust policy in accordance with the changing reality of an older population.

    Reflect on the ethical dilemmas that arise when determining expenditures on end-of-life health care.

    By Day 3

    Post an explanation of the ethical standards you believe should be used in determining how resources should be allocated for an aging population and end-of-life care. Then, provide an analysis of the ethical challenges related to the preparation for the provision of such health care. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

    By Day 6

    Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days in one or more of the following ways:

    Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence, or research using an in-text citation in APA format.

    Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.

    Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.

    Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.

    Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence.

    Discussion: Ethical Issues With an Aging Population References:

    Crippen, D., & Barnato, A. E. (2011). The ethical implications of health spending: Death and other expensive conditions. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 39(2), 121–129. doi:10.1111/j.1748-720X.2011.00582.x

    Public health and aging: Trends in aging—United States and worldwide. Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5206a2.htm

    Click on the Reply button below to reveal the textbox for entering your message. Then click on the Submit button to post your message

    NURS 6050 Week 11 Discussion: 
    What Can Nurses Do?

    Discussion: What Can Nurses Do?

    Many people, most of them in tropical countries of the Third World, die of preventable, curable diseases. . . . Malaria, tuberculosis, acute lower-respiratory infections—in 1998, these claimed 6.1 million lives. People died because the drugs to treat those illnesses are nonexistent or are no longer effective. They died because it doesn’t pay to keep them alive. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    –Ken Silverstein, Millions for Viagra. Pennies for Diseases of the Poor, The Nation, July 19, 1999

    Unfortunately, since 1998, little has changed. For many individuals living in impoverished underdeveloped countries, even basic medical care is difficult to obtain. Although international agencies sponsor outreach programs and corporations, and although nonprofit organizations donate goods and services, the level of health care remains far below what is necessary to meet the needs of struggling populations. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments. Polluted water supplies, unsanitary conditions, and poor nutrition only exacerbate the poor health prevalent in these environments. Nurses working in developed nations have many opportunities/advantages that typically are not available to those in underdeveloped countries. What can nurses do to support their international colleagues and advocate for the poor and underserved of the world?

    In this Discussion, you will consider the challenges of providing health care for the world’s neediest citizens, as well as how nurses can advocate for these citizens.

    To prepare:

    Consider the challenges of providing health care in underdeveloped countries.

    Conduct research in the Walden Library and other reliable resources to determine strategies being used to address these challenges. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Using this week’s Learning Resources, note the factors that impact the ability of individuals in underdeveloped nations to obtain adequate health care.

    Consider strategies nurses can use to advocate for health care at the global level. What can one nurse do to make a difference?

    By Day 3

    Post a description of at least two challenges related to providing adequate health care in underdeveloped countries. Then, describe two strategies you might use to address those challenges, and explain why. Finally, describe one strategy nurses might use in advocating for health care at the global level, and explain why this would be an effective strategy. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

    By Day 6

    Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days in one or more of the following ways:

    Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence, or research using an in-text citation in APA format.

    Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.

    Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.

    Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence.

    Click on the Reply button below to reveal the textbox for entering your message. Then click on the Submit button to post your message. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    NURS 6050 Week 4 Assignment

    Application: Part 1 – Developing an Advocacy Campaign

    The following application (Part 1) will be due in week 4.

    To prepare FOR Application: Part 1 – Developing an Advocacy Campaign:

    Select a population health issue of interest to you and identify the population affected by the issue.

    Locate two scholarly articles, each of which provides a description of an effective health advocacy campaign that addresses your issue. The articles need to focus on two different advocacy campaigns. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Analyze the attributes of the two campaigns to determine what made them effective.

    Reflect on a policy you could propose or suggest a change to a current policy to improve the health of the population you selected.

    Consider how you could develop an advocacy campaign, applying the attributes identified in similar, effective campaigns.

    To complete Application: Part 1 – Developing an Advocacy Campaign:

    For the Part 1 application (approximately 3–4 pages of content with a title page and references in APA format) address the following:

    Describe your selected population health issue and the population affected by this issue.

    Summarize the two advocacy campaigns you researched in this area. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Explain the attributes that made those campaigns effective.

    Begin to develop a plan for a health advocacy campaign that seeks to create a new policy or change an existing policy with regard to the issue and population you selected. Be sure to include in your plan:

    A description of the public health issue and proposed policy solution

    Specific objectives for the policy you want to be implemented NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments

    Begin to substantiate of your proposed campaign by data and evidence.

    Be sure to paste the rubric at the end of your paper.

    By Day 7 of Week 4 OFApplication: Part 1 – Developing an Advocacy Campaign

    This Assignment is due.

    Submission and Grading Information

    To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

    Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK4Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.

    Click the Week 4 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.

    Click the Week 4 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.

    Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK4Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.

    Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.

    NURS 6050 Week 7 Assignment

    Application Assignment 2: Part 2 – Developing an Advocacy Campaign

    The following application, Part 2, will be due in Week 7.

    To prepare:

    Review Chapter 3 of Milstead, J. A. (2016). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (5th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

    In the first assignment, you reflected on whether the policy you would like to promote could best be achieved through the development of new legislation, or a change in an existing law or regulation. Refine as necessary using any feedback from your first paper. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Contemplate how existing laws or regulations may affect how you proceed in advocating for your proposed policy.

    Consider how you could influence legislators or other policymakers to enact the policy you propose.

    Think about the obstacles of the legislative process that may prevent your proposed policy from being implemented as intended. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    To complete:

    Part Two will have approximately 3–4 pages of content plus a title page and references. Part Two will address the following:

    Explain whether your proposed policy could be enacted through a modification of existing law or regulation or the creation of new legislation/regulation. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Explain how existing laws or regulations could affect your advocacy efforts. Be sure to cite and reference the laws and regulations using primary sources.

    Provide an analysis of the methods you could use to influence legislators or other policymakers to support your policy. In particular, explain how you would use the “three legs” of lobbying in your advocacy efforts.

    Summarize obstacles that could arise in the legislative process and how to overcome these hurdles.

    Paste the rubric at the end of your paper.

    By Day 7 of Week 7

    This Assignment is due.

    Submission and Grading Information

    To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

    Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK7Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Click the Week 7 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.

    Click the Week 7 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.

    Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK7Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.

    If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Click on the Submit button to complete your submission

    NURS 6050 Week 10 Assignment

    Application: Developing a Health Advocacy Campaign (continued): Ethical Considerations

    The final application builds upon the applications (Parts One and Two) completed in weeks 4 and 7.

    To complete the final section of your paper:

    Review provisions 7, 8, and 9 of the ANA Code of Ethics in relation to advocacy for population health.

    Reflect on the ethical considerations you may need to take into account in your advocacy campaign.

    Research the ethical considerations and lobbying laws relevant to the location where your advocacy campaign will occur. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Consider potential ethical dilemmas you might face in your campaign.

    To complete: Revise and combine Part one (week 4 application) and Part Two (week 7 application) with Part Three below.

    Explain any ethical dilemmas that could arise during your advocacy campaign, and how you would resolve them.

    Describe the ethics and lobbying laws that are applicable to your advocacy campaign.

    Evaluate the special ethical challenges that are unique to the population you are addressing. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Provide a cohesive summary for your paper.

    Reminder: You will submit one cogent paper that combines the previous applications from weeks 4 and 7 plus the new material mentioned in the week 8 application. Your paper should be about 10 pages of content, not including the title page and references. Be sure to paste the rubric at the end of your paper.

    By Day 7 of Week 10

    This Assignment is due.

    Submission and Grading Information

    To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

    Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK10Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

    Click the Week 10 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.

    Click the Week 10 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.

    Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK10Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.

    If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.

    Click on the Submit button to complete your submission. NURS 6050 Policy & Advocacy for Improving Population Health weekly essay discussions and assignments.

  • Fetal Abnormality Case Study Essay Examples

    Fetal Abnormality Case Study Essay Examples

    Based on “Case Study: Fetal Abnormality” and other required topic study materials, write a 750-1,000-word reflection that answers the following questions:

    What is the Christian view of the nature of human persons, and which theory of moral status is it compatible with? How is this related to the intrinsic human value and dignity?

    Which theory or theories are being used by Jessica, Marco, Maria, and Dr. Wilson to determine the moral status of the fetus? What from the case study specifically leads you to believe that they hold the theory you selected?

    How does the theory determine or influence each of their recommendations for action? Fetal Abnormality Case Study Essay Examples.

    What theory do you agree with? Why? How would that theory determine or influence the recommendation for action?

    ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

    Remember to support your responses with the topic study materials.

    Case Study: Fetal Abnormality

    Jessica is a 30-year-old immigrant from Mexico City. She and her husband Marco have been in the United States for the last three years and have finally earned enough money to move out of their Aunt Maria’s home and into an apartment of their own. They are both hard workers. Jessica works 50 hours a week at a local restaurant and Marco has been contracting side jobs in construction. Six months before their move to an apartment, Jessica finds out she is pregnant.

     

    Four months later, Jessica and Marco arrive at the county hospital, a large, public, nonteaching hospital. A preliminary ultrasound indicates a possible abnormality with the fetus. Further scans are conducted, and it is determined that the fetus has a rare condition in which it has not developed any arms and will not likely develop them. There is also a 25% chance that the fetus may have Down syndrome.

    Dr. Wilson, the primary attending physician, is seeing Jessica for the first time, since she and Marco did not receive earlier prenatal care over concerns about finances. Marco insists that Dr. Wilson refrain from telling Jessica the scan results, assuring him that he will tell his wife himself when she is emotionally ready for the news. While Marco and Dr. Wilson are talking in another room, Aunt Maria walks into the room with a distressed look on her face. She can tell that something is wrong and inquires of Dr. Wilson. After hearing of the diagnosis, she walks out of the room wailing loudly and praying aloud. Fetal Abnormality Case Study Essay Examples.

    Marco and Dr. Wilson continue their discussion, and Dr. Wilson insists that he has an obligation to Jessica as his patient and that she has a right to know the diagnosis of the fetus. He furthermore is intent on discussing all relevant factors and options regarding the next step, including abortion. Marco insists on taking some time to think of how to break the news to Jessica, but Dr. Wilson, frustrated with the direction of the conversation, informs the husband that such a choice is not his to make. Dr. Wilson proceeds back across the hall, where he walks in on Aunt Maria awkwardly praying with Jessica and phoning the priest. At that point, Dr. Wilson gently but briefly informs Jessica of the diagnosis and lays out the option for abortion as a responsible medical alternative, given the quality of life such a child would have. Jessica looks at him and struggles to hold back her tears.

     

    Jessica is torn between her hopes of a better socioeconomic position and increased independence, along with her conviction that all life is sacred. Marco will support Jessica in whatever decision she makes but is finding it difficult not to view the pregnancy and the prospects of a disabled child as a burden and a barrier to their economic security and plans. Dr. Wilson lays out all of the options but clearly makes his view known that abortion is “scientifically” and medically a wise choice in this situation. Fetal Abnormality Case Study Essay Examples. Aunt Maria pleads with Jessica to follow through with the pregnancy and allow what “God intends” to take place and urges Jessica to think of her responsibility as a mother.

     

    Fetal Abnormality Case Study Essay Examples -1

    The reproductive choice of a women although looks individualistic in real it drags politics, social policy makers, legal issues which makes termination of fetus a criminal offense. A number of questions had been raised by different authorities such as what to do when the fetuses

    have a short life span, should the family go for birth or terminate? In case of fetal abnormality whose choice should prevail? In the current case scenario, Marco his wife Jessica, Aunt Maria and Dr. Wilson are acting based upon different theories. Marco’s insisting Dr. Wilson to refrain from covey the message of fetal abnormality suggests stress theory/coping theory is followed by Marco. Marco was well aware of the fact, that this stressful event can lead to traumatic situation and further worsen the condition. He was aware of the fact that, after so many hardships they were able to settle in their own apartment and with a new beginning in vicinity Jessica won’t be able to tolerate and might go deep into traumatic shock. According to social support theory or stress theory support from society or family persons and friends helps in mitigating the effects of stress on an individual. Since Marco has been assisting her during difficult period, his action implicates his support for delivering the message by him which might reduce the effect of traumatic news. Research suggests poor participation from partner might intensify the grief for an individual based upon stress theory (Barrera, 1986). His actions can be explained based upon Life span theory which implicates; social support development depends upon type of attachment and period of attachment. His concern for Jessica’s mental health status and her motherly aspirations indicates he has a strong bond with Jessica being her partner and time spent with her in both good and bad situations. Fetal Abnormality Case Study Essay Examples The life span theory integrates adaptive personality and life experience (Uchino, 2009). Dr. Wilson on other hand is following bio-medical ethics which advocates the client must be informed about his/her health status prior to any intervention taken in favour of good health. Similarly, with advancement in medical technology and diagnosis it is now feasible to determine the abnormalities of fetus which was previously not feasible. Dr. Wilson seems more inclined towards his professional ethics and conduct and less towards social and emotional intelligence theory inclined. He seems to not having a holistic approach towards his client. Although, his actions are adhering to biomedical ethics guidelines, the health outcomes indicate other interventional strategies such as psychological counseling(Dondrop et al, 2012). Maria, aunt of Jessica seems to be a conservative Christian ideology follower, who thinks abortion is immoral and against god. So she asks the process to be continued and let the event take its own course. From Jessica and Marco’s family background it seems aunty Maria belongs to Eastern Orthodox Church ideology believers. According to Eastern Orthodox Church going for abortion is equivalent to taking of human life. She is not concerned with health of Jessica and more concerned with ethical questions and her religious belief about fetal abnormality(Shelly and Miller, 2009).

    References

    Barrera Jr, M. (1986). Distinctions between social support concepts, measures, and models. American journal of community psychology, 14(4), 413-445.

    Dondorp, W., Sikkema‐Raddatz, B., de Die‐Smulders, C., & de Wert, G. (2012). Arrays in postnatal and prenatal diagnosis: an exploration of the ethics of consent. Human mutation, 33(6), 916-922.

    Shelly, J. A., & Miller, A. B. (2009). Called to care: A Christian worldview for nursing. InterVarsity Press.

    Uchino, B. N. (2009). Understanding the links between social support and physical health: A life-span perspective with emphasis on the separability of perceived and received support. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4(3), 236-255.

    Fetal Abnormality Case Study Essay Examples -2

    Jessica Is torn between her desire to be financially Independent and her belief that all life has value. Her belief Is what Sob describes as moral status based on something simply being alive, including all living organisms and ecosystems, etc. She may decide not to terminate her pregnancy because all life is sacred to her and has its own value and rights. Marco is also worried about how having a disabled child will be a financial burden. However, it is not definite that the child will even have Down Syndrome or what Its level of functioning will be, or if the child will only be Ron without arms and no mental disability.

    Marco Is possibly beveling the fetus at Its current age as lacking moral status according to three theories, moral status based on moral agency, consciousness, and sentience. Moral agency is the ability to make Judgments about whether actions are right or wrong and if intentions can be morally Judged. According to studies, fetus do not develop consciousness or sentience until around week 28. Based on the Information given In the case study, the fetus Is less than 28 weeks. Marco may discuss termination with Jessica based on these three theories. DRP. Wilson also takes the stance on the fetus lacking moral status according to these three theories, but for scientific and quality of life reasons as opposed to financial ones. Maria is absolutely opposed to any mention of termination. She views the moral status of the fetus based on Jessica responsibility as a mother, or the theory of moral agency based on relationships.

    Need a Case Study?

    We will write a custom case study specifically for you.

    ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER

    This theory states that a person just not Interfere with another person or must respect their rights because they have a relationship with them. For example, the relationship between a parent and their child, or in this case their fetus, provides a particularly strong case for a parent not to kill their child or abort their fetus Arrows & Attainment, 2013). Aside from the relationship of Jessica and her fetus which may prevent her from terminating, this theory Is also applicable In this case to Marco and Jessica, as he Is going to support any decision that she makes based on their relationship.

    It can also be applied to the physician-patient relationship, so DRP. Wilson must respect Jessica and Marco’s rights as parents and their choice because of their relationship. Because moral status has to do with which beings have value or rights, I tend to agree with the theory of sentience. I believe that animals do have rights, especially In terms of biomedical ethics and research. I may, however, seem hypocritical In this Dealer Decease I am not a vegetarian. Fetal Abnormality Case Study Essay Examples.

    But In tens case, oases on tens tenure I would De likely to terminate the pregnancy at this early stage due to the severe disability and childhood for mental disability. However, since I have never been pregnant I do not know how that real-life experience would change my viewpoint and decision. When deciding what action to take regarding a physically and possibly mentally disabled fetus, all individuals involved may have their own opinions and reasons behind them. Because there are several theories of moral status when it comes to evaluating the fetus, the concept of value and rights is a very personal belief.

    Fetal Abnormality Case Study Essay Examples -3

    All throughout life we go through and sometimes have to face and trade with the most ambitious and unexpected fortunes. Thankfully. we have the ability to take a minute and believe sagely about our picks. Because that is finally what life is about doing determinations. In the Case Study: Fetal Abnormality Jessica and Marco are faced with some unfortunate intelligence from Dr. Wilson. that the foetus Jessica was transporting was non likely to develop any weaponries and had a one-fourth of a opportunity of holding Down syndrome. They were faced with a twosome of options to cover with the state of affairs consequently which was either to maintain. abort. or give the babe up for acceptance. However. each of the persons involved gave their recommendation for action based on the different moral position theories.

    When it comes to Aunt Maria. I would tie in two theories with her. which is the moral bureau and the relationship theory. For one she is affecting God in the equation as being a factor in the determination devising procedure for both Jessica and Marco in respects to aborting the foetus. Fetal Abnormality Case Study Essay Examples Immediately when she mentioned God and the fact that He intended the gestation to go on. me being a Christian. I know that He makes no errors and for Jessica and Marco to travel along with the abortion it would be seen as iniquitous. “ Thou shalt non kill” . ( Exodus 20:13 ) Another theory that she is utilizing is the relationship theory. Reason being is because she has reasonably much already established a relationship between Jessica and the unborn foetus the minute she urged Jessica to “think of her duty as a mother” . Given that the aunt displayed the moral bureau and relationship theory each influenced her recommendation in assorted ways. Get downing with the moral bureau theory. of class the foetus did non show any apprehension of morality Aunt Maria did.

    Based on the scenario given. she relied on her ethical motives and hence took it upon herself to do a opinion call towards Jessica on whether or non it is right or incorrect to take abortion. When it comes to the relationship theory. Aunt Maria has applied it to the foetus in relation to Jessica ( maternity ) . Sing that the theory says that functions coincide with the relationship between existences. the Aunt. like stated before gave Jessica the function of female parent when she urged her to take attention of her duties of a female parent. Equally far as Dr. Wilson he has demonstrated the ways of the human belongings theory to find the moral position of the foetus. Dr. Wilson looked at the state of affairs from a doctor’s point of position by proposing an abortion based on scientific and medical agencies. The human belongings theory influenced Dr. Wilson’s greatly in my sentiment.

    “Some of the features that would give a being with moral position under this position would include things like. being conceived from human parents. or holding a human familial codification. or the characteristics of a human ( physical homo features ) . And since the babe will be born without weaponries. the physician might hold found it merely to abort the babe since it lacks the physical human features of weaponries. However. if the babe were to be born with weaponries and merely hold down syndrome I’m sure the physician would non be for abortion since there are babes born with down syndrome. I would besides tie in the moral bureau theory with Jessica because she saw life as something sacred. However. I feel as though she is a bit indecisive about the determination. Now this is when the moral bureau comes into the equation. A person’s ethical motives plays a immense portion in their determination devising picks and even though it is non straight stated in the scenario I think she might take to maintain the foetus seeing that she sees life as being sacred and if she bases her actions off her morality of right and incorrect so she will maintain the kid Fetal Abnormality Case Study Essay Examples. Equally far as her hubby Marco is utilizing the relationship theory to find whether or non to maintain the kid.

    He has already accepted the duty of paternity and foresees the loads put on him and Jessica if they were to go on through with the gestation. Marco falls into the relationship class because even though he does non desire to hold the function of being a male parent to the unborn foetus. the theory stills considers it a relationship between the two because even if one party in the relationship does non want or value the other party there is still a relationship that has been established even though the male parent wants to hold the abortion. In this state of affairs I believe that it is an uneasy determination that no 1 should hold to do. Have this had been me in this quandary I would take to see the gestation through. nevertheless I would take to give the kid up for acceptance because I don’t believe it is the child’s mistake that they are born with this disablement so I would give them the chance to populate for I excessively see life as being sacred Fetal Abnormality Case Study Essay Examples.

    As a consequence one might state that the theory I relate excessively is the moral bureau one. I chose to manage the determination based on my morality and I thought that it was non right to take to end the gestation. Due to me judging the state of affairs and make up one’s minding what was right and what was incorrect. my determination was to a great extent influenced by the moral bureau theory. Overall this is an unpleasant circumstance to cover with but frequently times people in this universe can’t handle something every bit annihilating as this. This is precisely why people do hold to halt and believe rationally about the determinations that will be made. There were a assortment of theories introduced and different ways to manage them but it all depended on the parents. At the terminal of the twenty-four hours it depends on the determinations of both parents to come to an understanding to manage the issue as one. Fetal Abnormality Case Study Essay Examples.

    Write a 750-1000 word Fetal Abnormality Case Study Essay Examples analysis of “Case Study: Fetal Abnormality.” Be sure to address the following questions:

    Which theory or theories are being used by Jessica, Marco, Maria, and Dr. Wilson to determine the moral status of the fetus? Explain.

    How does the theory determine or influence each of their recommendation for action?

    What theory do you agree with? How would that theory determine or influence the recommendation for action?

    Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

    This Fetal Abnormality Case Study Essay Examples assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

    You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

    PHI-413V-RS-T2CaseStudyFetalAbnormality
     Please Note: Assignment will not be submitted to the faculty member until the “Submit” button under “Final Submission” is clicked. Fetal Abnormality Case Study Essay Examples.

  • Health Care Policy Impact on Nurses Practice Essay assignment Paper

    Health Care Policy Impact on Nurses Practice Essay assignment Paper

    NURS 6050 Week 7 Discussion: 
    Health Care Policy

    Health Care Policy Impact on Nurses Practice

    In this week’s media presentation, Dr. Trautman, Dr. Wakefield, and Ms. Coyle discuss how public policies initiated at the national or state level ultimately influence what occurs at the institutional and local level of nursing practice and health care delivery. Health care policy usually is developed to address health care cost, quality, or access, or a combination of the three. Health Care Policy Impact on Nurses Practice Essay assignment Paper. Due to the nature of their interaction with patients, nurses are well situated to be effective, knowledgeable advocates for their patients.

    In this week’s Discussion, you will examine how current policies impact how you as a nurse provide health care. You will then select an issue of interest and determine how you could advocate for policy in that area Health Care Policy Impact on Nurses Practice Essay assignment Paper.

    ORDER A CUSTOM-WRITTEN PAPER NOW

    To prepare:

    Select one public policy that currently is impacting you and your practice. Consider the following:

    What health care driver was the policy designed to address: cost, quality, access, or a combination?

    Does the policy appear to be achieving its intended results? On what data are you basing your assumption?

    What have been the effects (adverse or positive) of this policy on health care cost, quality, and access?

    How is this policy affecting your nursing practice? Health Care Policy Impact on Nurses Practice Essay assignment Paper.

    Next, select a health care issue—something you see or experience on a daily basis—about which you would like to influence a practice change through the policy process.

    Review the Learning Resources, focusing on Kingdon’s Model. How would you utilize this model to guide your policy development? Health Care Policy Impact on Nurses Practice Essay assignment Paper.

    By Day 3 OF
     Health Care Policy Impact on Nurses Practice

    Post a brief description of a public policy that is having an impact on your practice; summarize your analysis of the policy using the bulleted list above as a guide. Then, summarize the issue you would like to influence though a change in public policy, and outline how you would utilize Kingdon’s Model to guide your policy development Health Care Policy Impact on Nurses Practice Essay assignment Paper.

    Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

    By Day 6 OF Health Care Policy Impact on Nurses Practice

    Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days in one or more of the following ways:

    Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence, or research using an in-text citation in APA format Health Care Policy Impact on Nurses Practice Essay assignment Paper.

    Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.

    Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.

    Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research. Health Care Policy Impact on Nurses Practice Essay assignment Paper.

    Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.

    Expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence.

    Click on the Reply button below to reveal the textbox for entering your message. Then click on the Submit button to post your message. Health Care Policy Impact on Nurses Practice Essay assignment Paper.

  • Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform Essay Discussion

    Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform Essay Discussion

    NURS 6050 Week 2 Discussion:
    Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform

    Discussion: Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform

    As health care delivery in the United States continues to evolve, either through mandates, improved technologies and training, or other drivers, nurses remain at the forefront in facilitating the success of new initiatives. In 2010, the Institute of Medicine formed a committee of experts to address the following question: “What roles can nursing assume to address the increasing demand for safe, high-quality, and effective health care services?” In the final report of the committee, The Future of Nursing: Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform Essay Discussion. Leading Change, Advancing Health, the authors stated:

    ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

    This report offers recommendations that collectively serve as a blueprint to (1) ensure that nurses can practice to the full extent of their education and training, (2) improve nursing education, (3) provide opportunities for nurses to assume leadership positions and to serve as full partners in health care redesign and improvement efforts, and (4) improve data collection for workforce planning and policy making Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform Essay Discussion. (p. 10)

    For this Discussion: Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform assignment, you will focus on the research recommendations presented by the committee concerning the role of nurses as leaders. The committee members believe that answers to these research questions are needed to advance the profession of nursing and to further expand their role in health care reform and improvement.

    To prepare for Discussion: Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform:

    Review Chapter 7 in The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health report provided in the Learning Resources. Focus on the information in Box 7.3, “Research Priorities for Transforming Nursing Leadership.”

    Select one of the research priorities listed in Box 7.3 that is of particular interest to you and applicable to your career interests. Consider the benefits and challenges of researching and addressing this priority in nursing.

    Using the Walden library, identify two to three current articles that address your selected research priority. Consider the current state of research efforts on this priority.

    Reflect on how the research findings for your area of priority impact nurses as leaders in organizations and health care reform. Why is research on this priority important?

    By Day 3 of Discussion: Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform

    Post a description of the priority you selected and the benefits and challenges of further researching this area. Provide an overview of the articles you found (using appropriate APA citations) relating to this priority, and highlight any key findings. Explain how continued research in this area could strengthen the ability of nurses to lead in both individual organizations and as advocates of health care reform.

    Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses. Focus particularly on those questions raised to which you can add comments based on shared experiences or situations. Consider how your colleagues’ postings reflect and/or differ from your own perceptions and opinions. Review the Learning Resources for any clarification needed before responding.

    By Day 6 of Discussion: Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform

    Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days in one or more of the following ways:

    Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence, or research using an in-text citation in APA format.

    Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.

    Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.

    Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.

    Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.

    Expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence.

    Discussion: Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform Reference:

    National Academy of Sciences. (2011) The future of nursing: Leading change, advancing health.

    Retrieved from https://download.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12956

    Click on the Reply button below to reveal the textbox for entering your message. Then click on the Submit button to post your message.

    NURS 6050 Week 10 Discussion: 
    Ethical Issues With an Aging Population

    According to the CDC, “in the United States, the proportion of the population aged >65 years is projected to increase from 12.4% in 2000 to 19.6% in 2030,” (CDC, 2003, para. 2). Caring for this aging population is going to be one of the greatest challenges facing the health care industry. Not only will the number of individuals requiring care rise, but so will the cost. As poignantly stated by Crippen and Barnato, “unless we change the practice of medicine and reduce future costs, and explicitly address the ethical dilemmas we face, there may come a time when our kids simply cannot afford us” (2011, p. 128).

    In this Discussion, you will examine the ethical issues that the United States and other nations must address when faced with the health care challenges of an aging population.

    To prepare:

    Consider the ethical aspects of health care and health policy for an aging population.

    Review the Hayutin, Dietz, and Mitchell report presented in the Learning Resources. The authors pose the question, “What are the economic consequences, now and for future generations of taxpayers if we fail to adapt our policies to the changing reality of an older population?” (p. 21). Consider how you would respond to this question. In addition, reflect on the ethical decisions that arise when dispersing limited funds.

    Contemplate the impact of failing to adjust policy in accordance with the changing reality of an older population.

    Reflect on the ethical dilemmas that arise when determining expenditures on end-of-life health care.

    By Day 3

    Post an explanation of the ethical standards you believe should be used in determining how resources should be allocated for an aging population and end-of-life care. Then, provide an analysis of the ethical challenges related to the preparation for the provision of such health care. Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform Essay Discussion.

    Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

    By Day 6

    Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days in one or more of the following ways:

    Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence, or research using an in-text citation in APA format.

    Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.

    Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.

    Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform Essay Discussion.

    Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.

    Expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence.

    References:

    Crippen, D., & Barnato, A. E. (2011). The ethical implications of health spending: Death and other expensive conditions. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 39(2), 121–129. doi:10.1111/j.1748-720X.2011.00582.x

    Public health and aging: Trends in aging—United States and worldwide. Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5206a2.htm

    Click on the Reply button below to reveal the textbox for entering your message. Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform Essay Discussion Then click on the Submit button to post your message

    NURS 6050 Week 11 Discussion: 
    What Can Nurses Do?

    Many people, most of them in tropical countries of the Third World, die of preventable, curable diseases. . . . Malaria, tuberculosis, acute lower-respiratory infections—in 1998, these claimed 6.1 million lives. People died because the drugs to treat those illnesses are nonexistent or are no longer effective. They died because it doesn’t pay to keep them alive.

    –Ken Silverstein, Millions for Viagra. Pennies for Diseases of the Poor, The Nation, July 19, 1999

    Unfortunately, since 1998, little has changed. For many individuals living in impoverished underdeveloped countries, even basic medical care is difficult to obtain. Although international agencies sponsor outreach programs and corporations, and although nonprofit organizations donate goods and services, the level of health care remains far below what is necessary to meet the needs of struggling populations. Polluted water supplies, unsanitary conditions, and poor nutrition only exacerbate the poor health prevalent in these environments. Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform Essay Discussion Nurses working in developed nations have many opportunities/advantages that typically are not available to those in underdeveloped countries. What can nurses do to support their international colleagues and advocate for the poor and underserved of the world?

    In this Discussion, you will consider the challenges of providing health care for the world’s neediest citizens, as well as how nurses can advocate for these citizens. Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform Essay Discussion.

    To prepare:

    Consider the challenges of providing health care in underdeveloped countries.

    Conduct research in the Walden Library and other reliable resources to determine strategies being used to address these challenges.

    Using this week’s Learning Resources, note the factors that impact the ability of individuals in underdeveloped nations to obtain adequate health care.

    Consider strategies nurses can use to advocate for health care at the global level. What can one nurse do to make a difference? Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform Essay Discussion.

    By Day 3

    Post a description of at least two challenges related to providing adequate health care in underdeveloped countries. Then, describe two strategies you might use to address those challenges, and explain why. Finally, describe one strategy nurses might use in advocating for health care at the global level, and explain why this would be an effective strategy.

    Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

    By Day 6

    Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days in one or more of the following ways:

    Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence, or research using an in-text citation in APA format.

    Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.

    Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform Essay Discussion.

    Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.

    Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.

    Expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence.

    Click on the Reply button below to reveal the textbox for entering your message. Then click on the Submit button to post your message. Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform Essay Discussion.

  • Peer Reviewed Article Critique Paper – Sepsis and Nursing Intervention

    Peer Reviewed Article Critique Paper – Sepsis and Nursing Intervention

    This is a critique/ evaluation of this Peer Reviewed Article on Sepsis and Nursing Intervention and its outcomes based on such amazing interventions THAT THE NURSES DID.

    Andrews, B., Muchemwa, L., Kelly, P., Lakhi, S., Heimburger, D. C., & Bernard, G. R. (2014). Simplified severe sepsis protocol: a randomized controlled trial of modified early goal-directed therapy in Zambia.
    Critical care medicine
    ,
    42
    (11), 2315-24.

    AT THE VERY END, THE LAST 2 QUESTIONS:  (make it like I page or half a page on each question, just elaborate well on its answers) Peer Reviewed Article Critique Paper – Sepsis and Nursing Intervention.

    Is the study purpose an important clinical issue? Why or why not?

    Please write well here, I work in a critical care unit, ICU, we see the most critical end of life patients Septic, septicemia, infections.  How can we as a unit, nurses, make this sepsis issue better by implementing some of the ideas the article had.

    What does this research mean for clinical practice on your unit?

    It seems like a similar question,  I guess you can tailor it better to my unit.

    ORDER A CUSTOM-WRITTEN PAPER NOW

    MUST TALK ABOUT      —– WHAT IS SURVIVING SEPSIS CAMPAIN?

    MUST TALK ABOUT WHO (WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZAATION)

    PLEASE ADD AS MANY REFERENCES AS YOU CAN, ALL MUST BE APA AND RECENT

     

    PLEASE MAKE IT REAL AND NOT GENETIC, BASED YOUR RESPONSES ON THE ARTICLE I SENT YOU AND ADD MORE REFRENCES IF YOU WOULD LIKE. MAKE IT NURSING LANGUAGE.

     

    Here is the Article link and its APA Citation

     

    Citation

     

    Andrews, B., Muchemwa, L., Kelly, P., Lakhi, S., Heimburger, D. C., & Bernard, G. R. (2014). Simplified severe sepsis protocol: a randomized controlled trial of modified early goal-directed therapy in Zambia.
    Critical care medicine
    ,
    42
    (11), 2315-24. Peer Reviewed Article Critique Paper – Sepsis and Nursing Intervention

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4199893/pdf/nihms-604412.pdf#page=1

  • Biostatistics Questions

    Biostatistics Questions

    Question description

    Bio-statistics Questions Exercise 10

    1.What demographic variables were measured at the nominal level of measurement in the OH et al. (2014) study? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    2. What statistics were calculated to describe body mass index (BMI) in this study? Were these appropriate? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

    3. Were the distributions of scores for BMI similar for the intervention and control groups? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    4. Was there a significant difference in BMI between the intervention and control groups? Provide a rationale for your answer Biostatistics Questions.

    5. Based on the sample size of N=41, what frequency and percentage of the sample smoked? What frequency and percentage of the sample were non-drinkers (alcohol)? Show your calculations and round to the nearest whole percent.

    6. What measurement method was used to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) for the study participants? Discuss the quality of this measurement method and document your response.

    7. What statistic was calculated to determine differences between the intervention and control groups for the lumbar and femur neck BMDs? Were the groups significantly different for BMDs?

    8. The researchers stated that there were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics of the intervention and control groups (see Table 2) Are these groups heterogeneous or homogeneous at the beginning of the study? Why is this important in testing the effectiveness of the therapeutic lifestyle modification (TLM) program? Biostatistics Questions.

    9. Oh et al. (2014, p.296) stated that “the adherence rate to the TLM program was 99.6%.” Discuss the importance of intervention adherence, and document your response.

    10. Was the sample for this study adequately described? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    Bio-statistics Questions Exercise 16

    1.What do degrees of freedom (
    df
    ) mean? Canbulat et al. (2015) did not provide the 
    dfs
     in their study. Why is it important to know the 
    df
     for a 
    t
     ratio? Using the 
    df 
    formula, calculate the 
    df
    for this study. Biostatistics Questions.

    2. What are the means and standard deviations (SD) for age for the Buzzy intervention and control groups? What statistical analysis is conducted to determine the difference in means for age for the two groups? Was this an appropriate analysis technique? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    3. What are the t value and p value for age? What do these results mean?

    4. What are the assumptions for conducting the independent samples t-test?

    5. Are the groups in this study independent or dependent? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    6. What is the null hypothesis for procedural self-reported pain measured with the Wong Baker Faces Scale (WBFS) for the two groups? Was this null hypothesis accepted or rejected in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer Biostatistics Questions.

    7. Should a Bonferroni procedure be conducted in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    8. What variable has a result of t=-6.135, p=0.000? What does the result mean?

    9. In your opinions, is it an expected or unexpected finding that both t values on Table 2 were found to be statistically significant. Provide a rationale for your answer.

    10. Describe one potential clinical benefit for pediatric patients to receive the Buzzy intervention that combined cold and vibration during IV insertion.

    Bio-statistics Questions Exercise 17

    1.What are the assumptions for conducting a paired or dependent samples t-test in a study? Which of these assumptions do you think were met by the Lindseth et al. (2014) study?

    2. In the introduction, Lindesth et al. (2014) described a “2-week washout between diets.” What does this mean? Why is this important?

    3. What is the paired t-test value for mood (irritability) between the participants’ consumption of high- versus low-aspartame diets? Is this result statistically significant? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    4. State the null hypothesis for mood (irritability) that was tested in this study. Was this hypothesis accepted or rejected? Provide a rational for your answer.

    5. Which t value in Table 2 represents the greatest relative or standardized difference between the high- and low-aspartame diets? Is this t value statistically significant? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    6. Discuss why the larger t values are more likely to be statistically significant.

    7. Discuss the meaning of the results regarding depression for this study. What is the clinical importance of this result?

    8. What is the smallest, paired t-test value in Table 2? Why do you think the smaller t value are not statistically significant?

    9. Discuss the clinical importance of these study results about the consumption of aspartame. Document your answer with a relevant source.

    10. Are these study findings related to the consumption of high- and low-aspartame diets ready for implementation in practice? Provide a rational for your answer.

    Bio-statistics Questions Exercise 10

    1.What demographic variables were measured at the nominal level of measurement in the OH et al. (2014) study? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    2. What statistics were calculated to describe body mass index (BMI) in this study? Were these appropriate? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    3. Were the distributions of scores for BMI similar for the intervention and control groups? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    4. Was there a significant difference in BMI between the intervention and control groups? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    5. Based on the sample size of N=41, what frequency and percentage of the sample smoked? What frequency and percentage of the sample were non-drinkers (alcohol)? Show your calculations and round to the nearest whole percent.

    6. What measurement method was used to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) for the study participants? Discuss the quality of this measurement method and document your response.

    7. What statistic was calculated to determine differences between the intervention and control groups for the lumbar and femur neck BMDs? Were the groups significantly different for BMDs?

    8. The researchers stated that there were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics of the intervention and control groups (see Table 2) Are these groups heterogeneous or homogeneous at the beginning of the study? Why is this important in testing the effectiveness of the therapeutic lifestyle modification (TLM) program?

    9. Oh et al. (2014, p.296) stated that “the adherence rate to the TLM program was 99.6%.” Discuss the importance of intervention adherence, and document your response.

    10. Was the sample for this study adequately described? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    Bio-statistics Questions Exercise 16

    1.What do degrees of freedom (
    df
    ) mean? Canbulat et al. (2015) did not provide the 
    dfs
     in their study. Why is it important to know the 
    df
     for a 
    t
     ratio? Using the 
    df 
    formula, calculate the 
    df
     for this study.

    2. What are the means and standard deviations (SD) for age for the Buzzy intervention and control groups? What statistical analysis is conducted to determine the difference in means for age for the two groups? Was this an appropriate analysis technique? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    3. What are the t value and p value for age? What do these results mean?

    4. What are the assumptions for conducting the independent samples t-test?

    5. Are the groups in this study independent or dependent? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    6. What is the null hypothesis for procedural self-reported pain measured with the Wong Baker Faces Scale (WBFS) for the two groups? Was this null hypothesis accepted or rejected in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer. Biostatistics Questions.

    7. Should a Bonferroni procedure be conducted in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    8. What variable has a result of t=-6.135, p=0.000? What does the result mean?

    9. In your opinions, is it an expected or unexpected finding that both t values on Table 2 were found to be statistically significant. Provide a rationale for your answer.

    10. Describe one potential clinical benefit for pediatric patients to receive the Buzzy intervention that combined cold and vibration during IV insertion. Biostatistics Questions.

    Bio-statistics Questions  Exercise 10

    1.What demographic variables were measured at the nominal level of measurement in the OH et al. (2014) study? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    2. What statistics were calculated to describe body mass index (BMI) in this study? Were these appropriate? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    3. Were the distributions of scores for BMI similar for the intervention and control groups? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    4. Was there a significant difference in BMI between the intervention and control groups? Provide a rationale for your answer. Biostatistics Questions.

    5. Based on the sample size of N=41, what frequency and percentage of the sample smoked? What frequency and percentage of the sample were non-drinkers (alcohol)? Show your calculations and round to the nearest whole percent.

    6. What measurement method did the study use to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) for the study participants? Discuss the quality of this measurement method and document your response.

    7. What statistic was calculated to determine differences between the intervention and control groups for the lumbar and femur neck BMDs? Were the groups significantly different for BMDs?

    8. The researchers stated that there were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics of the intervention and control groups (see Table 2) Are these groups heterogeneous or homogeneous at the beginning of the study? Why is this important in testing the effectiveness of the therapeutic lifestyle modification (TLM) program?

    9. Oh et al. (2014, p.296) stated that “the adherence rate to the TLM program was 99.6%.” Discuss the importance of intervention adherence, and document your response.

    10. Was the sample for this study adequately described? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    Bio-statistics Questions Exercise 16

    1.What do degrees of freedom (
    df
    ) mean? Canbulat et al. (2015) did not provide the 
    dfs
     in their study. Why is it important to know the 
    df
     for a 
    t
     ratio? Using the 
    df 
    formula, calculate the 
    df
    for this study. Biostatistics Questions.

    2. What are the means and standard deviations (SD) for age for the Buzzy intervention and control groups? What statistical analysis is conducted to determine the difference in means for age for the two groups? Was this an appropriate analysis technique? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    3. What are the t value and p value for age? What do these results mean?

    4. What are the assumptions for conducting the independent samples t-test?

    5. Are the groups in this study independent or dependent? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    6. Identify the null hypothesis for procedural self-reported pain measured with the Wong Baker Faces Scale (WBFS) for the two groups. Was this null hypothesis accepted or rejected in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    7. Should a Bonferroni procedure be conducted in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    8. What variable has a result of t=-6.135, p=0.000? What does the result mean?

    9. In your opinions, is it an expected or unexpected finding that both t values on Table 2 were found to be statistically significant. Provide a rationale for your answer Biostatistics Questions.

    10. Describe one potential clinical benefit for pediatric patients to receive the Buzzy intervention that combined cold and vibration during IV insertion.

    Bio-statistics Questions  Exercise 17

    1.What are the assumptions for conducting a paired or dependent samples t-test in a study? Which of these assumptions do you the Lindseth et al. (2014) study met?

    2. In the introduction, Lindesth et al. (2014) described a “2-week washout between diets.” What does this mean? Why is this important?

    3. What is the paired t-test value for mood (irritability) between the participants’ consumption of high- versus low-aspartame diets? Is this result statistically significant? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    4. State the null hypothesis for mood (irritability) that was tested in this study.  Did the hypothesis get accepted or rejected? Provide a rational for your answer.

    5. Which t value in Table 2 represents the greatest relative or standardized difference between the high- and low-aspartame diets? Is this t value statistically significant? Provide a rationale for your answer Biostatistics Questions.

    6. Discuss why the larger t values are more likely to be statistically significant.

    7. Discuss the meaning of the results regarding depression for this study. What is the clinical importance of this result?

    8. What is the smallest, paired t-test value in Table 2? Why do you think the smaller t value are not statistically significant?

    9. Discuss the clinical importance of these study results about the consumption of aspartame. Document your answer with a relevant source.

    10. Are these study findings related to the consumption of high- and low-aspartame diets ready for implementation in practice? Provide a rational for your answer.

    Bio-statistics Questions Exercise 17

    1.What are the assumptions for conducting a paired or dependent samples t-test in a study? Which of these assumptions do you think Lindseth et al. (2014) study met? Biostatistics Questions.

    2. In the introduction, Lindesth et al. (2014) described a “2-week washout between diets.” What does this mean? Why is this important?

    3. What is the paired t-test value for mood (irritability) between the participants’ consumption of high- versus low-aspartame diets? Is this result statistically significant? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    4. State the null hypothesis for mood (irritability) that was tested in this study. Was this hypothesis accepted or rejected? Provide a rational for your answer.

    5. Which t value in Table 2 represents the greatest relative or standardized difference between the high- and low-aspartame diets? Is this t value statistically significant? Provide a rationale for your answer. Biostatistics Questions.

    6. Discuss why the larger t values are more likely to be statistically significant.

    7. Discuss the meaning of the results regarding depression for this study. What is the clinical importance of this result?

    8. What is the smallest, paired t-test value in Table 2? Why do you think the smaller t value are not statistically significant?

    9. Discuss the clinical importance of these study results about the consumption of aspartame. Document your answer with a relevant source.

    10. Are these study findings related to the consumption of high- and low-aspartame diets ready for implementation in practice? Provide a rational for your answer. Biostatistics Questions.

  • Leadership style discussion Essay

    Leadership style discussion Essay

    Leadership style discussion:Throughout your career, you will work with many people who display differing leadership styles. As a nurse leader, it is imperative that you communicate well and get along with those whose leadership style does not align with your preferences. It is also important to understand your own leadership style, as this can prompt insight into how others relate to you and what skills you may need to develop as your leadership responsibilities grow. Leadership style discussion Essay.

    ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

    To prepare:

    Review the information in the Learning Resources, including the leadership styles identified in Chapter 2 of the course text.

    Bring to mind a leader in your organization or one with which you are familiar. Would you describe his or her style as authoritative, democratic, or laissez-faire? Why?

    Which characteristics or approaches demonstrated by this person would you integrate into your own leadership style? Which ones would you prefer not to integrate? Leadership style discussion Essay.

    Think about how this leader’s style and resulting interactions may impact health care quality and patient outcomes.

    By Day 3

    Post 
    a description of a leader, distinguishing his or her style as authoritative, democratic, or laissez-faire. Describe the characteristics that inform your perception, and explain which ones you would integrate into your own leadership style, as well as which ones you would prefer not to integrate. Explain at least one potential effect of this leadership style on health care quality and patient outcomes. Leadership style discussion Essay.

    Required Readings

    Marquis, B. L., & Huston, C. J. (2015). 
    Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: Theory and application
     (8th ed.)
    . 
    Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

    Review Chapters 2 and 3

    Azaare, J., & Gross, J. (2011). The nature of leadership style in nursing management. 
    British Journal of Nursing
    , 
    20
    (11), 672–676, 678–680.

    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

    The authors examine the different styles of leadership that nurse managers use and discusses how staff nurses in their study preferred managers who use a proactive, articulate, and independent leadership style Leadership style discussion Essay.

    Benoliela, P.  &  Somecha, A. (2014). The health and performance effects of participative leadership: Exploring the moderating role of the Big Five personality dimensions 
    European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 23
    (2), 277–294. doi:10.1080/1359432X.2012.717689

    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

    Graham, S., & Melnyk, B. M. (2014). The Birth of a Healthcare Leadership Academy: Lessons Learned From The Ohio State University. 
    Nurse Leader
    , 
    12
    (2), 55–74. doi:10.1016/j.mnl.2014.01.001 Retrieved from the Walden Library databases. Leadership style discussion Essay.

  • Cardiac Tamponade Essay

    Cardiac Tamponade Essay

    Question 1

    A gang member was stabbed in the chest during a street fight. He was cyanotic and unconscious from lack of blood delivery to the brain. The diagnosis was cardiac tamponade. What is cardiac tamponade and how does it cause the observed symptoms?

    ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

    Question 2

    Heather, a newborn baby, needs surgery because she was born with an aorta that arises from the right ventricle and a pulmonary trunk that issues from the left ventricle, a condition called transposition of the great vessels. What are the physiological consequences of this defect? Cardiac Tamponade Essay.

  • Health federal bills congress Essay

    Health federal bills congress Essay

    1 page

    2 sources

    APA

    There is much attention on federal health care policy and law. Health Bills: GovTrack.us provides a list of federal bills that are currently in process in Congressional Committees.

    ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

    Go to https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/subjects/health/6130 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

    Choose a health-related federal bill of interest to you. Read through the bill and post a summary in your own words. Include the bill number and name.

    How might this bill impact professional nursing practice standards if passed? If not passed?

    How might the bill impact your own nursing practice? Health federal bills congress Essay.

  • Calculating t-tests for Independent Samples Essay

    Calculating t-tests for Independent Samples Essay

    Question description

    Calculating 
    t
    -tests for Independent Samples: Hello, help needed on these questions.

    Data Set: 
    Click to use this data set for this assignment

    EXERCISE 31

    Calculating 
    t
    -tests for Independent Samples

    ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

    1. Do the example data meet the assumptions for the independent samples 
    t
    -test? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    2. If calculating by hand, draw the frequency distributions of the dependent variable, wages earned. What is the shape of the distribution? If using SPSS, what is the result of the Shapiro-Wilk test of normality for the dependent variable? Calculating t-tests for Independent Samples Essay.

    3. What are the means for two group’s wages earned?

    4. What is the independent samples 
    t
    -test value?

    5. Is the 
    t
    -test significant at 
    a 
    = 0.05? Specify how you arrived at your answer.

    6. If using SPSS, what is the exact likelihood of obtaining a 
    t-
    test value at least as extreme or as close to the one that was actually observed, assuming that the null hypothesis is true?

    7. Which group earned the most money post-treatment?

    8. Write your interpretation of the results, as you would in an APA-formatted journal.

    9. What do the results indicate regarding the impact of the supported employment voca­tional rehabilitation on wages earned? Calculating t-tests for Independent Samples Essay.

    10. Was the sample size adequate to detect significant differences between the two groups in this example? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    EXERCISE 32 

    Calculating 
    t
    -tests for Paired (Dependent) Samples

    Data Set: 
    Click to use this data set for this assignment

    1. Do the data meet the assumptions for the paired samples 
    t
    -test? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    2. If calculating by hand, draw the frequency distributions of the two variables. What are the shapes of the distributions? If using SPSS, what are the results of the Shapiro-Wilk tests of normality for the two variables?

    3. What are the means for the baseline and post-treatment affective distress scores, respectively?

    4. What is the paired samples 
    t
    -test value Calculating t-tests for Independent Samples Essay?

    5. Is the 
    t
    -test significant at α = 0.05? Specify how you arrived at your answer.

    6. If using SPSS, what is the exact likelihood of obtaining a 
    t-
    test value at least as extreme as or as close to the one that was actually observed, assuming that the null hypothesis is true?

    7. On average, did the affective distress scores improve or deteriorate over time? Provide a rationale for your answer.

    8. Write your interpretation of the results as you would in an APA-formatted journal.

    9. What do the results indicate regarding the impact of the rehabilitation on emotional dis­tress levels?

    10. What are the weaknesses of the design in this example? Calculating t-tests for Independent Samples Essay.