Tag: Clinical-Nursing

NSG 6620 Discussion 2: Staff Concerns and the CNO

NSG 6620 Week 3 Discussion 2

Discussion Question 2: Staff Concerns and the CNO

Often, gossip mills and rumors tend to circulate very quickly throughout healthcare organizations even though everything is supposed to be confidential.Good and bad news travel quickly; one of the greatest challenges the CNO or vice president for patient care services (VPPCS) faces is to control and share information with the staff members so that they receive the same message in the same way at the same time. NSG 6620 Discussion 2: Staff Concerns and the CNO.

Using the readings for the week, the South University Online Library, and the Internet, respond to the following:

What role does the CNO or VPPCS play in addressing the concerns of the entire staff in nursing town-hall meetings? Why is this role important?

Provide an example of a need for the CNO or VPPCS to schedule an entire staff town-hall meeting. NSG 6620 Discussion 2: Staff Concerns and the CNO.

How can the CNO or VPPCS minimize gossip and information via the “grapevine” before an entire staff town-hall meeting?

How would you craft an agenda and circulate it for a town-hall meeting?

How can the CNO or VPPCS integrate the use of electronic and social media into addressing staff concerns in twenty-first-century healthcare organizations?

Comment on the postings of at least two peers. NSG 6620 Discussion 2: Staff Concerns and the CNO.

Evaluation Criteria:

Described the role of the CNO or VPPCS in addressing the concerns of the entire staff in nursing town-hall meetings, and explained the importance of this role.

Provided an example of a need for the CNO or VPPCS to schedule an entire staff town-hall meeting.

Suggested ways in which the CNO or VPPCS can minimize gossip and information via the “grapevine” before an entire staff town-hall meeting.

Explained how you would craft an agenda and circulate it for a town-hall meeting.

Recommended ways in which the CNO or VPCSS can integrate the use of electronic and social media into addressing staff concerns in twenty-first-century healthcare organizations.

Justified your answers with appropriate research and reasoning.

Commented on the postings of at least two peers NSG 6620 Discussion 2: Staff Concerns and the CNO.

NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology weekly discussions, assignments and quizzes

NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology Walden Week 1 Discussion

Factors That Influence Disease

In clinical settings, some of the most common questions that patients ask are Why do I have this? What caused this disorder? Will it ever go away? These emotional questions can be difficult to ask and to answer. However, for patients to come to terms with their diagnoses and adhere to treatment plans, they must have an understanding of factors that might have caused, or continue to impact, their disorders. As an advanced practice nurse, it is important that you are able to explain disorders, associated alterations and symptoms, and changes that might occur within your patients’ bodies. NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology weekly discussions, assignments and quizzes.

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To prepare:

Review this week’s media presentation with Dr. Terry Buttaro. Reflect on the importance of developing an in-depth understanding of pathophysiology.

Select a disorder from the following list:

Adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease)

Atherosclerosis

Cholelithiasis (gallstones)

Colon cancer

Cystic fibrosis

Hemophilia

Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)

Osteoporosis

Parkinson’s disease

Tuberculosis

Select one of the following patient factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how that factor might impact your selected disorder, as well as potential associated alterations and symptoms.

Identify the pathophysiology of the associated alterations, including the normal and altered cellular function. Consider both intra- and extra-cellular changes that occur. NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology weekly discussions, assignments and quizzes.

By Day 3

Post a brief description of a patient scenario involving the disorder and the factor you selected. Explain how the factor might impact your selected disorder, as well as potential associated alterations and symptoms. Finally, explain the pathophysiology of the associated alterations, including changes in cellular function.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

By Day 6

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days who selected different disorders and factors than you, in the following ways:

Share insights on how the factor you selected impacts the pathophysiology of the disorder your colleague selected.

Expand on your colleague’s posting by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence.

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NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology Walden Week 2 Discussion

DQ1

Maladaptive Responses to Immune Disorders

Maladaptive responses to disorders are compensatory mechanisms that ultimately have adverse health effects for patients. For instance, a patient’s allergic reaction to peanuts might lead to anaphylactic shock, or a patient struggling with depression might develop a substance abuse problem. To properly diagnose and treat patients, advanced practice nurses must understand both the pathophysiology of disorders and potential maladaptive responses that some disorders cause. NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology weekly discussions, assignments and quizzes.

Consider immune disorders such as HIV, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and systemic lupus E. What are resulting maladaptive responses for patients with these disorders?

To prepare:

Review Chapter 5 and Chapter 7 in the Huether and McCance text. Reflect on the concept of maladaptive responses to disorders.

Select two of the following immune disorders: HIV, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, or systemic lupus E (SLE).

Identify the pathophysiology of each disorder you selected. Consider the compensatory mechanisms that the disorders trigger. Then compare the resulting maladaptive and physiological responses of the two disorders.

Select one of the following factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how the factor might impact your selected immune disorders.

By Day 3

Post a brief description of the pathophysiology of your selected immune disorders. Explain how the maladaptive and physiological responses of the two disorders differ. Finally, explain how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of each disorder.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology weekly discussions, assignments and quizzes.

By Day 5

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days who selected different immune disorders and/or factors than you, in the following ways:

Share insights on how the factor you selected impacts the pathophysiology of the immune disorder your colleague selected.

Expand on your colleague’s posting by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence.

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NURS 6501 Week 2 Quiz (Already graded A+)

NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Week 2 Quiz -Walden University

Question 1 A patient has a disease state that results from the secretion of toxins by bacteria. Which medical diagnosis will the nurse see documented on the chart?

Question 2 An infant develops a fever secondary to a bacterial
infection. Which of the following most likely triggered the fever?

Question 3 Exhaustion occurs if stress continues and _____ is not successful.

Question 4 When a patient presents at the emergency department for an allergic reaction, the nurse recognizes the most severe consequence of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is:

Question 5 Which of the following hormones activates adrenergic receptors?

Question 6 Which of the following individuals would be at greatest risk for an opportunistic infection?

Question 7 A patient has a tissue growth that was diagnosed as cancer. Which of the following terms best describes this growth? NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology weekly discussions, assignments and quizzes.

Question 8 A 35-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal medulla. He experiences elevated blood pressure, pupil dilation, “goose bumps,” and increased anxiety. Which of the following hormones is the predominant one released by the tumor?

Question 9 A 50-year-old female experiences decreased blood pressure, decreased oxygen delivery, cardiovascular shock, and subsequent death. A complication of endotoxic shock is suspected. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Question 10 A 30-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting fatigue, excessive sweating, and increased appetite. Physical examination reveals protruding eyes, and laboratory testing reveals hyperthyroidism secondary to autoantibody production. This disorder falls into the category of type _____ hypersensitivity.

Question 11 A 3-year-old is making play cakes in a sandbox and is eating the play cakes. The sand was also being used by cats as a litter box and was contaminated with toxoplasmosis. Which of the following would most likely also be present?

Question 12 A 30-year-old female is diagnosed with cancer. Testing reveals that the cancer cells have spread to local lymph nodes. A nurse realizes this cancer would be documented as stage: Question 13 A 30-year-old male is having difficulty breathing and has been spitting blood. He reports that he began experiencing this reaction after cleaning his pigeons’ cages. Testing reveals he is suffering from allergic alveolitis. Which of the following is he experiencing?

Question 14 A 5-month-old child is admitted to the hospital with recurring respiratory infections. A possible cause of this condition is: Question 15 During inflammation, the liver is stimulated to release plasma proteins, collectively known as:

Question 16 A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He begins itching and develops pain, swelling, redness, and respiratory difficulties. He is suffering from: Question 17 When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, what type of immune reaction occurs? Question 18 While planning care for children with cancer, which information should the nurse remember? Most childhood cancers originate from the: Question 19 A 20-year-old male shoots his hand with a nail gun while replacing roofing shingles. Which of the following cell types would be the first to aid in killing bacteria to prevent infection in his hand? Question 20 A nurse recalls an example of an immune-complex-mediated disease is: Question 21 Stress induces sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla. This causes the secretion of catecholamines, which include: Question 22 A 45-year-old male presents with persistent, severe stomach pain. Testing reveals a peptic ulcer. Further laboratory tests reveal the presence of Helicobacter pylori. Which of the following is of concern for this patient? Question 23 A 35-year-old male is diagnosed with lobar pneumonia (lung infection). Which of the following exudates would be present in highest concentration at the site of this advanced inflammatory response? Question 24 After teaching about stress, which information indicates a correct understanding of stress? Question 25 A 65-year-old female is diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer. She has developed muscle wasting. Which of the following substances would be produced in large quantities to eliminate the tumor cells and cause muscle wasting? Question 26 After studying about viruses, which information indicates the student has a good understanding of viruses? Viruses: Question 27 A 54-year-old male was recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Which of the following is the expected treatment of choice? NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology weekly discussions, assignments and quizzes. Question 28 A 46-year-old male presents with severe pain, redness, and tenderness in the right big toe. He was diagnosed with gouty arthritis. The symptoms he experienced are caused by the crystallization of _____ within the synovial fluid. Question 29 A 42-year-old female presents with raised red lesions with a brownish scale. She was diagnosed with discoid lupus erythematosus. A clinician recalls this disorder is related to: Question 30 A 5-year-old male is diagnosed with tinea corporis following development of lesions on the non-hairy parts of his face, trunk, and limbs. A common source of this condition is a: Question 31 Fibromyalgia is a chronic musculoskeletal disorder characterized by: Question 32 A 34-year-old female was recently diagnosed with RA. Physical examination revealed that inflammation started in the: Question 33 A 70-year-old female presents with a hip fracture secondary to osteoporosis. This condition is caused by an increase in bone: Question 34 A patient has chicken pox. How does the varicella replicate? Question 35 A 40-year-old female is diagnosed with SLE. Which of the following findings would be considered a symptom of this disease?

Question 36 A 76-year-old female was diagnosed with osteoporosis by radiologic exam. She is at high risk for:

Question 37 The final stage of gout, characterized by crystalline deposits in cartilage, synovial membranes, and soft tissue, is called:

Question 38 A 3-year-old male develops tinea capitis after playing with the family dog. This infection is caused by a:

Question 39 Researchers now believe that RA is:

Question 40 A 51-year-old male experienced severe acute gouty arthritis. Which of the following is the most common trigger for the symptoms?

NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology Walden DQ2

Arthritis

While arthritis impacts nearly 50 million adults in the United States, it is not a disease that is limited to adulthood. Consider the case of Ashley Russell. At the age of 14 months, Ashley was diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. As a baby, her parents noticed that her knee was always swollen and that she often wanted to be carried instead of walking on her own (Cyr, 2012). After seeking medical care, Ashley’s underlying disorder was discovered.Arthritis in children is not uncommon. According to the CDC (2011), an estimated 294,000 children under age 18 have some form of arthritis or rheumatic condition. Due to the prevalence of the disorder in both children and adults, you must understand the pathophysiology and symptoms of arthritis in order to properly diagnose and prescribe treatment. NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology weekly discussions, assignments and quizzes.

To prepare:

Review Chapter 37 in the Huether and McCance text and Chapter 24 in the McPhee and Hammer text. Identify the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Consider the similarities and differences of the disorders.

Select two of the following patient factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how the factors you selected might impact the pathophysiology of the disorders, as well as the diagnosis of and treatment for the disorders.

By Day 4

Post a description of the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, including the similarities and differences between the disorders. Then explain how the factors you selected might impact the pathophysiology of the disorders, as well as the diagnosis of treatment for the disorders.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses. NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology weekly discussions, assignments and quizzes.

By Day 6

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days who selected different factors than you, in one or more of the following ways:

Offer alternative diagnoses and prescription of treatment options for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Shae an insight from having read your colleague’s posting, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.

References:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Arthritis-related statistics. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/data_statistics/arthritis_related_stats.htm

Cyr, J. (2012). 7-year-old from Aroostook County chosen as youth ambassador for Bangor Arthritis Walk. Bangor Daily News. Retrieved from http://bangordailynews.com/2012/05/10/health/7-year-old-from-aroostook-county-chosen-as-youth-ambassador-for-bangor-arthritis-walk/

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NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology Walden Week 3 Discussion

Pain

The neurological system affects all parts and functions of the body through nerve stimulation. Nerves also control the sensation and perception of pain.While pain can be described in a variety of ways, it is essentially labeled according to its duration and source. As an advanced practice nurse evaluating a patient, you need to consider the following questions: Does the pain quickly come and go, or is it persistent and ongoing? Does the pain arise at the source of injury or in another location? In this Discussion, you compare three common types of pain—acute, chronic, and referred.

To prepare:

Review this week’s media presentation on the neurological system, as well as Chapter 13 in the Huether and McCance text.

Identify the pathophysiology of acute, chronic, and referred pain. Consider the similarities and differences between these three types of pain.

Select two of the following patient factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how the factors you selected might impact the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and prescription of treatment for acute, chronic, and referred pain.

By Day 3

Post a description of the pathophysiology of acute, chronic, and referred pain, including similarities and differences between them. Then, explain how the factors you selected might impact the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and prescription of treatment for acute, chronic, and referred pain.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

By Day 6

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days who selected different factors than you, in the following ways:

Share insights on how your colleague’s factors impact the pathophysiology of pain.

Suggest alternative diagnoses and treatment options for acute, chronic, and referred pain.

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NURS 6501 Week 3 : Advanced Pathophysiology -Walden University (Verified answers, Scored A)

NURS 6501 Week 3 Quiz : Advanced Pathophysiology -Walden University

• Question 1 A 65-year-old male recently suffered a cerebral vascular accident. He is now unable to recognize and identify objects by touch because of injury to the sensory cortex. How should the nurse document this finding?

• Question 2 A 15-year-old male is brought to the ER for treatment of injuries received in a motor vehicle accident. An MRI reveals spinal cord injury, and his body temperature fluctuates markedly. The most accurate explanation of this phenomenon is that: NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology weekly discussions, assignments and quizzes

• Question 3 A 60-year-old female with a recent history of head trauma and a long-term history of hypertension presents to the ER for changes in mental status. MRI reveals that she had a hemorrhagic stroke. What does the nurse suspect caused this type of stroke?

• Question 4 A nurse should document on the chart that chronic pain is occurring when the patient reports the pain has lasted longer than:

• Question 5 A 40-year-old male complains of uncontrolled excessive movement and progressive dysfunction of intellectual and thought processes. He is experiencing movement problems that begin in the face and arms that eventually affect the entire body. The most likely diagnosis is:

• Question 6 A patient has memory loss of events that occurred before a head injury. What cognitive disorder does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?

• Question 7 Parents of a 3-month-old infant bring him to the emergency room (ER) after he has had a seizure. He has muscle rigidity, and the parents report they are of Jewish ancestry. For what genetic disease should this infant be screened?

• Question 8 When a patient has a fever, which of the following thermoregulatory mechanisms is activated?

• Question 9 A 50-year-old male suffers a severe head injury when his motorcycle hits a tree. His breathing becomes deep and rapid but with normal pattern. What term should the nurse use for this condition?

• Question 10 A 20-year-old male was at the supermarket when he fell to the ground. Bystanders reported that he lost consciousness and his body tensed up then relaxed, then tensed and relaxed several times. He most likely was experiencing a(n):

• Question 11 A teenage boy sustains a severe closed head injury following an all-terrain vehicle (ATV) accident. He is in a state of deep sleep that requires vigorous stimulation to elicit eye opening. How should the nurse document this in the chart?

• Question 12 A 15-month-old child from Pennsylvania was brought to the ER for fever, seizure activity, cranial palsies, and paralysis. Which of the following diagnosis will be documented in the chart?

• Question 13 A 33-year-old male is brought to the ER for treatment of injuries received in a motor vehicle accident. An MRI reveals an injury of the cervical cord. Cord swelling in this region may be life threatening because:

• Question 14 A 72-year-old male demonstrates left-sided weakness of upper and lower extremities. The symptoms lasted 24 hours and resolve with no evidence of infarction. The patient most likely experienced a(n):

• Question 15 Which finding indicates the patient is having complications from heat stroke?

• Question 16 A 20-year-old male was brought to the emergency room (ER) for severe burns. He requested something for the excruciating pain he was experiencing. Blocking which of the following neurotransmitters would reduce his pain?

• Question 17 A nurse thinks a patient may be experiencing dementia. Which assessment finding will most help support this diagnosis?

• Question 18 An initial assessment finding associated with acute spinal cord injury is _____ the injury. • Question 19 The nursing student would correctly identify the most common symptom of brain abscess as:

• Question 20 An older adult is admitted to the ER following a fall. The patient complains of pain in the back. The patient has a history of osteoporosis. The nurse would expect the patient’s injury and subsequent pain is most likely due to:

• Question 21 A 16-year-old male took a recreational drug that altered his level of arousal. Physical exam revealed a negative Babinski sign, equal and reactive pupils, and roving eye movements. Which of the following diagnosis will the nurse most likely see on the chart?

• Question 22 A 20-year-old male suffers a severe closed head injury in a motor vehicle accident. He remains in a vegetative state (VS) 1 month after the accident. Which of the following structures is most likely keeping the patient alive?

• Question 23 A 23-year-old female begins having problems with tiredness, weakness, and visual changes. Her diagnosis is multiple sclerosis (MS). What is occurring in the patient’s body?

• Question 24 A 69-year-old male with a history of alcohol abuse presents to the emergency room (ER) after a month-long episode of headaches and confusion. Based on his alcoholism, a likely cause of his neurologic symptoms is:

• Question 25 When planning care for a child in pain, which principle should the nurse remember? The pain threshold in children is _____ that of adults.

NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology Walden Week 4 Discussion

Cardiovascular Disorders

Veins and arteries are vital elements of the cardiovascular system. They carry the blood supply through the body and are essential for proper function.Sometimes veins and arteries malfunction, resulting in cardiovascular disorders. Malfunctions of arteries and veins are similar to malfunctions of a water hose. Consider the structure and function of a hose. A tap releases water, which then travels through the hose and comes out the other end. If the hose has been dormant for several months, dirt and rusty particles might build up inside, resulting in a restricted flow of water. Similarly, buildup of plaque inside the coronary arteries restricts blood flow and leads to disorders such as coronary heart disease. This disease is one of the most common cardiovascular disorders, and according to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (2011), is the leading cause of death for men and women in the United States. In this Discussion, you examine the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders such as coronary heart disease.

To prepare:

Review this week’s media presentation on alterations of cardiovascular functions, as well as Chapter 23 in the Huether and McCance text. Identify the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders.

Select one patient factor: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Consider how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders.

Select one of the following alterations of cardiovascular disorders: peripheral arterial disease, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, or dysrhythmia. Think about how hypertension or dyslipidemia can lead to the alteration you selected.

By Day 3

Post a description of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders, including how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology. Then, explain how hypertension or dyslipidemia can lead to the alteration you selected for patients with the factor you identified

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

By Day 6

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days who selected different alterations and factors than you, in one or more of the following ways:

Share insights on how the factor you selected impacts the cardiovascular alteration your colleague selected.

Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.

Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.

Reference:

National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. (2011). What is coronary heart disease? Retrieved from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/

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NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology Walden Week 5 Discussion

DQ1

Cardiovascular Disorders

At least once a year, the media report on a seemingly healthy teenage athlete collapsing during a sports game and dying of heart complications. These incidents continue to outline the importance of physical exams and health screenings for teenagers, especially those who play sports. During these health screenings, examiners check for cardiovascular alterations such as heart murmurs because they can be a sign of an underlying heart disorder. Since many heart alterations rarely have symptoms, they are easy to miss if health professionals are not specifically looking for them. Once cardiovascular alterations are identified in patients, it is important to refer them to specialists who can further investigate the cause. NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology weekly discussions, assignments and quizzes.

Consider the following scenario:

A 16-year-old male presents for a sports participation examination. He has no significant medical history and no family history suggestive of risk for premature cardiac death. The patient is examined while sitting slightly recumbent on the exam table and the advanced practice nurse appreciates a grade II/VI systolic murmur heard loudest at the apex of the heart. Other physical findings are within normal limits, the patient denies any cardiovascular symptoms, and a neuromuscular examination is within normal limits. He is cleared with no activity restriction. Later in the season he collapses on the field and dies.

To prepare:

Review the scenario provided, as well as Chapter 24 in the Huether and McCance text. Consider how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment for the patient.

Select one of the following patient factors: genetics, ethnicity, or behavior. Reflect on how the factor you selected might impact diagnosis and prescription of treatment for the patient in the scenario.

By Day 3

Post a description of how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment for the patient in the scenario. Then explain how the factor you selected might impact the diagnosis and prescription of treatment for that patient.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology weekly discussions, assignments and quizzes.

By Day 5

Respond to at least two of your colleagues who selected a different factor than you, in one of the following ways:

Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.

Share insights based on your own experience and additional research.

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NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology Walden DQ2

Anaphylactic Shock

The treatment of anaphylactic shock varies depending on a patient’s physiological response to the alteration. Immediate medical intervention and emergency room visits are vital for some patients, while others can be treated through basic outpatient care.

Consider the January 2012 report of a 6-year-old girl who went to her school nurse complaining of hives and shortness of breath. Since the school did not have any medication under her name to use for treatment and was not equipped to handle her condition, she was sent to an emergency room where she was pronounced dead. This situation has raised numerous questions about the progression of allergic reactions, how to treat students with severe allergies, how to treat students who develop allergic reactions for the first time, and the availability of epinephrine in schools NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology weekly discussions, assignments and quizzes. If you were the nurse at the girl’s school, how would you have handled the situation? How do you know when it is appropriate to treat patients yourself and when to refer them to emergency care?

To prepare:

Review “Anaphylactic Shock” in Chapter 23 of the Huether and McCance text, “Distributive Shock” in Chapter 10 of the McPhee and Hammer text, and the Jacobsen and Gratton article in the Learning Resources.

Identify the multisystem physiologic progression that occurs in anaphylactic shock. Think about how these multisystem events can occur in a very short period of time.

Consider when you should refer patients to emergency care versus treating as an outpatient.

Select two patient factors different from the one you selected in this week’s first Discussion: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how the factors you selected might impact the process of anaphylactic shock.

By Day 4

Post an explanation of the physiological progression that occurs in anaphylactic shock. Then, describe the circumstances under which you would refer patients for emergency care versus treating as an outpatient NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology weekly discussions, assignments and quizzes. Finally, explain how the patient factors you selected might impact the process of anaphylactic shock.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

By Day 6

Respond to at least two of your colleagues who selected at least one different factor than you in one of the following ways:

Share insights on how the factor your colleague selected impacts the pathophysiology of anaphylactic shock.

Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.

Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.

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Reference:

Moisse, K. (2012). Death of allergic student raises questions about school’s responsibility. Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/Health/AllergiesFood/year-virginia-girl-dies-allergic-reaction-school/story?id=15295949#.T7qD0sWPRBk

NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology Walden Week 6 Discussion

Respiratory Alterations

In clinical settings, patients often present with various respiratory symptoms such as congestion, coughing, and wheezing. While identifying a symptom’s underlying illness can be challenging, it is essential because even basic symptoms such as persistent coughing can be a sign of a more severe disorder.Advanced practice nurses must be able to differentiate between moderate and severe respiratory disorders, as well as properly diagnose and prescribe treatment for their patients. For this reason, you must have an understanding of the pathophysiology of respiratory disorders.

Consider the following three scenarios:

Scenario 1:

Ms. Teel brings in her 7-month-old infant for evaluation. She is afraid that the baby might have respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) because she seems to be coughing a lot, and Ms. Teel heard that RSV is a common condition for infants. A detailed patient history reveals that the infant has been coughing consistently for several months. It’s never seemed all that bad. Ms. Teel thought it was just a normal thing, but then she read about RSV. Closer evaluation indicates that the infant coughs mostly at night; and, in fact, most nights the baby coughs to some extent. Additionally, Ms. Teel confirms that the infant seems to cough more when she cries. Physical examination reveals an apparently healthy age- and weight-appropriate, 7-month-old infant with breath sounds that are clear to auscultation NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology weekly discussions, assignments and quizzes. The infant’s medical history is significant only for eczema that was actually quite bad a few months back. Otherwise, the only remarkable history is an allergic reaction to amoxicillin that she experienced 3 months ago when she had an ear infection.

Scenario 2:

Kevin is a 6-year-old boy who is brought in for evaluation by his parents. The parents are concerned that he has a really deep cough that he just can’t seem to get over. The history reveals that he was in his usual state of good health until approximately 1 week ago when he developed a profound cough.His parents say that it is deep and sounds like he is barking. He coughs so hard that sometimes he actually vomits. The cough is productive for mucus, but there is no blood in it. Kevin has had a low-grade temperature but nothing really high. His parents do not have a thermometer and don’t know for sure how high it got. His past medical history is negative. He has never had childhood asthma or RSV. His mother says that they moved around a lot in his first 2 years and she is not sure that his immunizations are up to date. She does not have a current vaccination record.

Scenario 3:

Maria is a 36-year-old who presents for evaluation of a cough. She is normally a healthy young lady with no significant medical history. She takes no medications and does not smoke. She reports that she was in her usual state of good health until approximately 3 weeks ago when she developed a “really bad cold.” The cold is characterized by a profound, deep, mucus-producing cough. She denies any rhinorrhea or rhinitis—the primary problem is the cough.She develops these coughing fits that are prolonged, very deep, and productive of a lot of green sputum. She hasn’t had any fever but does have a scratchy throat. Maria has tried over-the-counter cough medicines but has not had much relief NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology weekly discussions, assignments and quizzes. The cough keeps her awake at night and sometimes gets so bad that she gags and dry heaves.

To prepare:

Review the three scenarios, as well as Chapter 26 and Chapter 27 in the Huether and McCance text.

Select one of the scenarios and consider the respiratory disorder and underlying alteration associated with the type of cough described.

Identify the pathophysiology of the alteration that you associated with the cough.

Select two of the following factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how the factors you selected might impact the disorder.

By Day 3

Post a description of the disorder and underlying respiratory alteration associated with the type of cough in your selected scenario. Then, explain the pathophysiology of the respiratory alteration. Finally, explain how the factors you selected might impact the disorder.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

By Day 6

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days who selected a different scenario than you, in one or more of the following ways:

Share insights on how the factor you selected impacts the disorder your colleague identified.

Ask a probing question regarding the disorder that your colleague identified.

Suggest an alternative disorder for the scenario your colleague selected.

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NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology Walden Week 7 Discussion

Anemia

In clinical settings, advanced practice nurses often encounter patients with blood disorders such as anemia. Consider the case of a 17-year-old girl who is rushed to the emergency room after suddenly fainting. The girl’s mother reports that her daughter has had difficulty concentrating for the past week, frequently becomes dizzy, and has not been eating normally due to digestion problems NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology weekly discussions, assignments and quizzes. The mother also informs the nurse that their family has a history of anemia. With the family history of anemia, it appears that this is the likely diagnosis. However, in order to properly diagnose and treat the patient, not only must her symptoms and family history be considered, but also factors such as gender, ethnicity, age, and behavior. This poses the question: How do patient factors impact the incidence and prevalence of different types of anemia?

To prepare:

Review Chapter 20 in the Huether and McCance text. Reflect on the pathophysiological mechanisms of iron deficiency anemia.

Select one of the following types of anemia: pernicious anemia, folate deficiency anemia, sideroblastic anemia, chronic inflammation anemia, or post-hemorrhagic anemia. Identify the pathophysiological mechanisms of the anemia you selected.

Consider the similarities and differences between iron deficiency anemia and the type of anemia you selected.

Reflect on how patient factors such as genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, and behavior might impact these anemic disorders.

By Day 3

Post an explanation of the pathophysiological mechanisms of iron deficiency anemia and the anemia you selected. Compare these two types of anemia, as well as their potential causes. Finally, explain how genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, and behavior might impact the anemic disorders you selected.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

By Day 6

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days who selected different types of anemia than you, in the following ways:

Share insights on how the anemia you selected is similar to or different from the one your colleague selected.

Discuss how genetic, gender, ethnic, age, and behavioral factors impact the diagnosis and prescription of treatment for anemic patients.

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NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology Walden Week 8 Discussion

Digestive Disorders

Many patient symptoms can be tied to multiple disorders, which may lead to misdiagnoses. For instance, consider two digestive disorders of the gastrointestinal tract—inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. These two disorders are commonly confused because they present similar symptoms. As an advanced practice nurse, you must know the differences to properly diagnose and treat the disorders. How does the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease compare to the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome? How do treatments for the two disorders compare?

To prepare:

Review Chapter 34 in the Huether and McCance text and Chapter 13 in the McPhee and Hammer text.

Identify the pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. Think about similarities and differences between the disorders.

Consider common treatments for inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. Reflect on whether treatments for one disorder would work for the other disorder.

Select one of the following patient factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of and treatments for each disorder. NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology weekly discussions, assignments and quizzes.

By Day 3

Post an explanation of the pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disorder and irritable bowel syndrome, including similarities and differences. Then describe common treatments, addressing whether treatments for one disorder would work for the other disorder. Finally, explain how the patient factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of and treatments for each disorder.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

By Day 6

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days who selected different treatments and factors than you, in the following ways:

Offer alternative common treatments for the disorders.

Share insight on how the factor you selected impacts the treatment of alterations of digestive function.

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NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology Walden Week 9 discussion

Diabetes

According to the American Diabetes Association (2011), 25.8 million children and adults have been diagnosed with diabetes in the United States.Approximately 2 million more are diagnosed every year, with another 79 million people considered to be in a pre-diabetes state. These millions of people are at risk of several alterations, including heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, neuropathy, and blindness. Since diabetes has a major impact on the health of millions of people around the world, it is essential for nurses to understand the pathophysiology and associated alterations of this disorder NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology weekly discussions, assignments and quizzes. In this Discussion, you compare two types of diabetes—diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus.

To prepare for this Discussion:

Review Chapter 18 in the Huether and McCance text and Chapter 18 in the McPhee and Hammer text. Identify the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus. Consider the similarities and differences between resulting alterations of hormonal regulation.

Select two of the following patient factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Think about how the factors you selected might impact the diagnosis and prescription of treatment for these two types of diabetes.

By Day 3

Post an explanation of the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus. Describe the differences and similarities between resulting alterations of hormonal regulation. Then explain how the factors you selected might impact the diagnosis and prescription of treatment for these two types of diabetes.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

By Day 6

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days who selected different factors than you, in one or more of the following ways:

Share insights on how the factor you selected impacts the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus.

Offer alternative diagnoses and prescription of treatment options for diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus.

Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.

Reference:

American Diabetes Association. (2011). Diabetes statistics. Retrieved from http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diabetes-statistics/

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NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology Walden Week 10 Discussion

Urinary Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by bacteria—most often Escherichia coli. However, certain viruses, fungi, and parasites can also lead to infection.The infection can affect the lower and upper urinary tract, including the urethra, prostate (in males), bladder, ureter, and kidney. Due to the progression of the disease and human anatomy, symptoms present differently among the sexes as well as among age groups. It is important to understand how these factors, as well as others, impact the pathophysiology of UTIs. Advanced practice nurses must have this foundation in order to properly diagnose patients. NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology weekly discussions, assignments and quizzes.

To prepare:

Review Chapter 29 in the Huether and McCance text. Identify the pathophysiology of lower and upper urinary tract infections. Consider the similarities and differences between the two types of infections.

Select two of the following patient factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how the factors you selected might impact the pathophysiology of the infections, as well as the diagnosis of and treatment for the infections.

By Day 3

Post a description of the pathophysiology of lower and upper urinary tract infections, including their similarities and differences. Then explain how the factors you selected might impact the pathophysiology of the infections, as well as the diagnosis of and treatment for the infections.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

By Day 6

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days who selected at least one different factor than you, in one or more of the following ways:

Offer alternative diagnoses and prescription of treatment options for urinary tract infections.

Share an insight from having read your colleague’s posting, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.

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NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology Walden Week 11 Discussion

Disorders of the Reproductive Systems

While the male and female reproductive systems are unique to each sex, they share a common function—reproduction. Disorders of this system range from delayed development to structural and functional abnormalities. Since many reproductive disorders not only result in physiological consequences but also psychological consequences such as embarrassment, guilt, or profound disappointment, patients are often hesitant to seek treatment. Advanced practice nurses need to educate patients on disorders and help relieve associated stigmas. During patient evaluations, patients must feel comfortable answering questions so that you, as a key health care provider, will be able to diagnose and recommend treatment options. As you begin this Discussion, consider reproductive disorders that you would commonly see in the clinical setting.

To prepare for this Discussion:

Review Chapter 22 and Chapter 23 in the McPhee and Hammer text, as well as Chapter 32 in the Huether and McCance text.

Select two disorders of the male and/or female reproductive systems that interest you. Consider the similarities and differences between the disorders.

Select one of the following factors: genetics, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Think about how the factor you selected might impact the diagnosis of and treatment for the reproductive disorders.

By Day 3

Post a description of the two reproductive disorders you selected, including their similarities and differences. Then explain how the factor you selected might impact the diagnosis of treatment for the reproductive disorders.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

By Day 6

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days who selected different disorders or factors than you, in one or more of the following ways:

Share insights on how the factor you selected impacts the pathophysiology of the disorder your colleague selected.

Offer alternative diagnoses and prescription of treatment options for the disorder your colleague selected.

Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.

Click on the Reply button below to reveal the textbox for entering your message. Then click on the Submit button to post your message. NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology weekly discussions, assignments and quizzes.

NSG 6620 Shared Governance Structure and the CNO

NSG 6620 Week 3 Assignment 1 Discussion

Discussion Question 1: Shared Governance Structure and the CNO

During the 1980s, nursing and healthcare were suffering from challenges of an acute nursing shortage, rampant nurse turnover, and issues with nurse retention.In the mid-1980s, shared governance was instituted to incentivize and empower nurses.Shared governance is an innovative organizational model promoting staff control and autonomy over nursing practice in areas that were previously controlled by managers. NSG 6620 Shared Governance Structure and the CNO.

The concept of shared governance may be a challenge to understand because it is not uniformly applied or operationalized and because of the great diversity in shared governance models.Nurses working in organizations with shared governance models are more empowered and have higher levels of satisfaction in their roles.

Using the readings for the week, the South University Online Library, and the Internet, respond to the following:

Compare the roles of the CNO and nursing directors or managers in a shared governance structure.

What steps can the CNO take to enable smooth operations in such a structure? NSG 6620 Shared Governance Structure and the CNO

Identify two challenges CNOs face when working with a shared governance structure.

Compare and contrast a model of shared governance with an authoritarian or autocratic CNO.

Examine the role of the CNO in working to set parameters for nurses in a shared governance structure.

Comment on the postings of at least two peers.

Evaluation Criteria:

Compared the roles of the CNO and nursing directors or managers in a shared governance structure.

Listed steps the CNO can take to enable smooth operations in such a structure NSG 6620 Shared Governance Structure and the CNO.

Identified two challenges CNOs face when working with a shared governance structure.

Compared and contrasted a model of shared governance with an authoritarian or autocratic CNO.

Examined the role of the CNO in working to set parameters for nurses in a shared governance structure.

Justified your answers with appropriate research and reasoning.

Commented on the postings of at least two peers. NSG 6620 Shared Governance Structure and the CNO

EHR contributions to healthcare safety essay

You have learned a great deal about the roles and functions of the electronic health record (EHR) in healthcare. Write a reflection paper on the EHR, covering the following areas:

    What benefits has the EHR brought to healthcare that the paper medical record did not?

    How has the EHR changed the way healthcare functions today?

    Describe your own healthcare experience as a patient. Has the EHR been a benefit to your care? Explain your answer.

Additional thoughts about the EHR can be included. This is your reflection on the EHR. Your paper should be 2 text pages in length and should include an introduction and conclusion. EHR contributions to healthcare safety essay.

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Benefits of EHR in the Healthcare Sector

Introduction

Many healthcare institutions are embracing the use of Electronic Health Records as promoted by insurance companies, state and federal governments. Electronic Health Records refers to a systematic collection and storage of patients’ information in a digital format that can be easily shared in different healthcare settings across connected information networks EHR contributions to healthcare safety essay. This record includes; radiological images, laboratory results, patient medical history, and demographics, the status of immunization, medications, biodata, and information on billing among others. This system is designed to accurately store information as well as captures the state of a patient over time (Gupta, 2016).

Benefits that EHR has brought to healthcare that the paper medical record did not

Paper medical records as previously used was time-consuming as health records officers spent much time searching for patients records during scheduled visits. The Electronic Health Records is time-saving since patient data is stored in a central database with ease of access to meet patient’s needs (Amatayakul, Lazarus & Medical Group Management Association, 2015)

Paper medical records easily got lost hence losing entire patient information. In other occasions, particular sections of patient information got lost hence affecting the delivery of care. This resulted in patients being subjected to similar laboratory and radiological tests hence additional costs. However, electronic health Records has a backup system which ensures that patient information is not lost which guarantees quality and efficient healthcare services (Amatayakul, Lazarus & Medical Group Management Association, 2015)

Paper medical records do not provide an efficient flow of patients’ medication history including allergies to medications, compliance, drugs a patient has taken over time and the outcome after treatment. Without this information, it becomes easier for errors such as giving a similar medication that a patient poorly responded to twice among others EHR contributions to healthcare safety essay. However, with the Electronic Health Records, there is increased compliance and sufficient information to initiate treatment options (Amatayakul, Lazarus & Medical Group Management Association, 2015).

How EHR has changed the way healthcare functions today 

The impact of Electronic health records in the healthcare sector today is huge and cannot be underestimated. It has resulted in quality of care improvement, productivity, and improvement in finances, improvement in Job satisfaction and improvement in customer satisfaction. Under improvement in quality care, integration of evidence-based clinical guidelines that results to easy management of acute and chronic diseases are evident. Improvement in finances can be related to efficiencies in billing and coding of visits. Improvement associated with job and customer satisfaction can be attributed to how easy EHR enable healthcare providers to comply with regulations and rapid and remote access to entire patient information respectively (Walker, Walker e.t al., 2015) EHR contributions to healthcare safety essay.

Description of my own healthcare experience as a patient and how EHR has been a benefit to my care

EHR has enabled quick access to my medical records during scheduled hospital visits which makes the entire system time saving and efficient. Since it facilitates the provision of entire medical and personal information to a healthcare provider, it has ensured improved delivery of my care as a patient as well as providing additional education information.

Conclusion

Following the benefits of the Electronic Health Records as compared to Paper medical records to a patient, healthcare institution, personnel among others, it is vital that all healthcare organizations embrace this system to ensure efficient, timely, accurate and patient-centered approach in the management of patients. In addition, healthcare organizations which have already embraced this system should ensure back up of information and appropriate security measures to enhance confidentiality and security of patient information. EHR contributions to healthcare safety essay

 
 

References

Amatayakul, M., Lazarus, S. S., & Medical Group Management Association (2015) 
Electronic      health records: Transforming your medical practice
Englewood, Co: Medical Group          Management Association.

Walker, J. M., In Walker, J. M., In Bieber, E. J., & In Richards, F. (2015) 
Implementing an           electronic health record system
London: Springer

Gupta, A. (2016). 
Advances in Healthcare Informatics and Analytics
Springer International           Publishing

 

We have focused on specific functionality that makes healthcare safer, which contributes to improved quality and outcomes for our patients. Describe at least two specific functions that the EHR can provide to healthcare to make it a safer environment. EHR contributions to healthcare safety essay

Specific Functions That The EHR Can Provide To Healthcare To Make It A Safer Environment.

EHRs Reduce Errors, Improve Patient Safety and Outcomes

EHRs ensures a safer healthcare environment by improving the patient outcomes and diagnostics. This helps the healthcare providers to gain access to accurate and complete patient records which can be relied upon to provide better medical care. It also provides a systematic and quick identification of operational problems (Amatayakul, Lazarus & Medical Group Management Association. (2015). As a result, EHRs can reduce medical errors. EHRs also play the role of automatically checking for any problem that may arise when new medications are prescribed for allergic and chronic complications (Balgorsky, 2014). EHRs then alert the clinician on the potential conflicts that may arise from the use of the alternative drugs. As a result, it improved patient outcome, safety, and diagnostic results. It also provides emergency repose to enable the emergency staff to respond immediately especially when the patients are unconscious (Health IT.Gov, 2017).  Besides, EHRs has the potential of exposing any potential safety issue so as to avoid such consequences, thus improving the safety of the medical environment for better patient’s outcome.

Securely Sharing Electronic Information with Patients and Other Clinicians

EHRs perform the function of providing a secure platform for sharing electronic information with patients and other healthcare providers. This leads to a safer and more reliable prescription to the patients.  Besides, it has the ability to improve the interaction between the patients and healthcare providers thus creating a safe environment that fosters healthcare convenience (Balgorsky, 2014). As a result, the clinicians can easily provide a complete documentation, more legible, streamlined and accurate billing and coding of all the patient data. This means that the data of the patient will be secure and its integrity and privacy upheld, leading to a safe healthcare environment. EHR contributions to healthcare safety essay

 

References

Amatayakul, M., Lazarus, S. S., & Medical Group Management Association. (2015). 
Electronic

health records: Transforming your medical practice
. Englewood, Co: Medical Group

Management Association

Balgorsky, B. J. A. (2014).
Essentials of Health Information Systems and Technology
. Sudbury:

Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

Health IT.Gov  (2017). Benefits of EHRs. Available at
https://www.healthit.gov/providers-professionals/improved-diagnostics-patient-outcomes. Accessed on 2/11/2017
. EHR contributions to healthcare safety essay

.

Almarai Company essay discussion response

Almarai is the largest dairy company in the Middle East. Imagine that the company wishes to expand to a new location. What process type would be best for Almarai and why: job shop, batch, repetitive, continuous, or project?

Embed course material concepts, principles, and theories, which require supporting citations along with 
at least one scholarly, peer-reviewed reference in supporting your answer unless the discussion calls for more
.

Attached are some of the answers of other students

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Answer 1

Business growth and expansion are always good unless it happens too quickly. Indeed, rapid, uncontrolled business expansion can have negative repercussions in the short and the long-run. However, small businesses and large corporations can reap the benefits of expanding operations into a new location like increasing the business profits (Warren, 2017). The expansion process is a significant step that takes time and requires careful planning in order to succeed. Accordingly, this article will identify what is the process type that would be best for Almarai Company and why in case if the company wishes to expand to a new location. Almarai Company essay discussion response.

Indeed, the process selection decision will be based on the way of production of the goods and services. According to Stevenson (2014), there are five basic process types that include job shop, batch, repetitive, continuous, and project. The job shop refers to the operation on the relativity small scale and having skilled workers is important in the job shop. The batch process is used a moderate value of the goods or services are desired. Also, the skill of the worker is low due to the less variety in the job such as movie theaters or bakery. The repetitive process is used when higher volumes of more standardized goods and services are needed and the skill of workers is low in this process (Stevenson, 2017) Almarai Company essay discussion response. The continuous process is used when a very high volume of non-discrete and highly standardized output is desired. Lastly, the project process is used for non-routine work with a unique set of goals to be achieved within a specific time such as publishing a book.

 

Almarai Company is the largest company in the dairy products industry in the in the Middle East. Almarai Company has a great reputation in terms of producing quality foods such as dairy products, poultry products, and infant formula that is made affordable by anyone encompassing all status of life (Almarai, 2017a). Almarai products are non-discrete products such as dairy liquids and food, which requires a continuous process. The continuous process is more suitable for Almarai because of the way of production in terms of a very high volume of non-discrete, as well as highly standardized output (Stevenson, 2014) Almarai Company essay discussion response. More so, the continuous process produces a homogenous flow of non-discrete products that fit company production. Almarai production is characterized by flow-continuous, no need for equipment flexibility, no variety in output, and low variable cost. In addition to, high volume, and low worker skill that can be range from low to high, which reflects the continuous process as the best process for Almarai.

 

Finally, business growth and expansion is a significant step in the business world. However, this step requires a clear understanding of the company products as well as careful planning in order to succeed. Moreover, there are five basic process types that include job shop, batch, repetitive, continuous, and project. Indeed, the continuous process is more suitable for Almarai according to the way of production. It is very important to select the process according to the company production because failure to do so will lead to inefficiencies, higher cost as well as creating a competitive disadvantage Almarai Company essay discussion response.

References

 

Almarai. (2017a). A proud heritage, a positive future and a relentless commitment to quality. Retrieved from https://www.almarai.com/en/about/history

Stevenson, W. (2014). 
Operations management
 (12th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Warren, W. (2017). Coordination of entrepreneurial growth methods and business retention and expansion outreach.
 Community Development, 48
(2), 187-20. doi:10.1080/15575330.2017.1288148

 

 

Answer 2

Process Selection

Process selection refers to deciding on the way production of goods or services will be organized (Stevenson, 2015). It has major implications for capacity planning, layout of facilities, equipment, and design of work systems. Process selection occurs as a matter of course when new products or services are being planned. However, it also occurs periodically due to technological changes in products or equipment, as well as competitive pressures. Forecasts, product and service design, and technological considerations all influence capacity planning and process selection. Moreover, capacity and process selection are interrelated, and are often done in concert. They, in turn, affect facility and equipment choices, layout, and work design (Stevenson, 2015).

Almarai Company

Almarai Company (Almarai) is a vertically integrated dairy company. Its product portfolio includes dairy liquids, foods, juices, yoghurts, cheeses, fresh chicken parts, breads, burgers buns, sandwich rolls, puffs, croissants, wafer, cake bars and infant formulas (Almarai company : Consumer packaged goods – company profile, SWOT & financial analysis, 2016).  The company sells these products under various brands including Almarai, Alyoum, L’usine, 7Days and Nuralac. Almarai also involved in dairy farming, arable farming and poultry farming in Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Argentina, Ukraine, and the US. It operates manufacturing plants in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Jordan and Egypt. The company’s transport and logistics office is located in Saudi Arabia, GCC, Jordan and Egypt. Almarai is headquartered in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Almarai company : Consumer packaged goods – company profile, SWOT & financial analysis, 2016).

Continuous Process Type

Almaria company produces highly standardized goods, so, continuous process type is used. When a very high volume of nondiscrete, highly standardized output is desired, a continuous system is used (Stevenson, 2015). These systems have almost no variety in output and, hence, no need for equipment flexibility. Workers’ skill requirements can range from low to high, depending on the complexity of the system and the expertise workers need. Generally, if equipment is highly specialized, worker skills can be lower. Examples of nondiscrete products made in continuous systems include petroleum products, steel, sugar, flour, and salt. Continuous services include air monitoring, supplying electricity to homes and businesses, and the Internet (Stevenson, 2015).  Like any computational model, these continuous/discrete models are subjected to uncertainties (Cunha & Sampaio, 2015). These uncertainties are due to the variability of the model parameters (physical constants, geometry, etc), and mainly due to the possible inaccuracies committed in the model conception (Cunha & Sampaio, 2015).

In conclusion, it is clear that the project selection process is time-consuming, but it is absolutely essential for project management success. It is always best to have a good plan from the beginning, with a list of criteria to be considered (Oueslati, 2016). This guides the Senior Project Manager through the entire selection process and also ensures that the right choices are made. Organizations will achieve their goals by conducting the right projects. But it is only through an effcient selection process that they can choose and support those able to best contribute to the objectives of their strategy . So, the effcient selection of projects is decisive for organizations success (Oueslati, 2016).

 

 

References:

Almarai company : Consumer packaged goods – company profile, SWOT & financial analysis.
 (2016). Basingstoke: Progressive Digital Media. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.sdl.idm.oclc.org/docview/1850338662?accountid=142908

Cunha, A., & Sampaio, R. (2015). On the nonlinear stochastic dynamics of a continuous system with discrete attached elements. 
Applied Mathematical Modelling,
 39(2), 809-819. doi:10.1016/j.apm.2014.07.012

Oueslati, A. (2016). The added value of the project selection process. 
Journal of Defense Resources Management
, 7(1), 75.

Stevenson, W. J. (2015). 
Operations Management
 (12th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. 978-0-07-802410-8

 

 

Answer 3

Almarai is the leading food and beverage production and distribution company in the Middle East and the largest vertically integrated dairy company in the world. Since the establishment of our company in 1977, Almarai brand has become a synonym for quality among consumers throughout the region. We live and work every day with the slogan “Quality deserves trust”. Quality culture is embedded throughout the company. This culture begins with the strategic decision of the board of directors and senior management and extends to the company’s operations in agriculture, manufacturing and distribution, and is an integral part of developing the professional skills of our employees. We also expect a lot from our suppliers and distributors, and we apply strict quality control standards in all our purchasing transactions.

Our Activities

Headquartered in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, the company offers five major products in the Middle East and North Africa region: dairy products, juices, bakery products, poultry and infant formula. We work in Egypt and Jordan through our joint venture «International Company for Dairy and Juice» (IDJ) for the manufacture of dairy products and juices. In addition to the company’s main bakery sector, Almarai manages its operations through our joint venture, Modern Foodstuff Company (MFI) to manufacture the Seven Day brand products.Today, the paid up capital of Almarai is 8 billion Saudi Riyals, divided into 800 million shares at a nominal value of SR 10 per share. The number of free and available shares at the end of 2016 reached 290 million shares representing 36.3% of the total issued shares. At 31 December 2016, the market value of Almarai was SAR 54.8 billion. 
(Almarai,
2016)

An overview of the company’s strategy

Almarai is the largest food and beverage manufacturer in the Middle East and seeks to provide high quality food and beverage and high nutritional value that enriches the lives of everyday consumers. Through its constant focus on meeting the highest standards of quality, Almarai has become the preferred choice for consumers to deliver products that meet their needs. Almarai maintains its leadership in the market in its various product categories due to its interest in consumers’ views on the one hand and its commitment to providing quality products and services on the other. (Best, 2014)

Almarai vision 2021 m

Almarai ‘s five – year plan from 2017 to 2021 reflects recent regional and global economic developments, as well as the impact of Saudi Arabia’ s Vision 2030 programs. According to Best (2014) the features of the master plan focus on adjusting operational costs and maximizing the utilization of available resources. As a result, capital investment for the period from 2017 to 2021 is expected to reach SR 14.5 billion. The focus will be on replacing part of existing assets, raising productive capacities and capacities in farms, manufacturing, distribution and transport facilities, expanding geographical spread and enhancing innovation capabilities And product development. The investment program will be financed from cash flows from operating activities. The company will also utilize available financial resources through banks, Saudi Industrial Development Fund, Agricultural Development Fund and Sukuk programs. By the end of 2021, this plan will provide 4,500 job opportunities for Saudi nationals, 20% of which are for female citizens, in recognition of the company’s unique economic and social role in the food and beverage sector in the Kingdom. (Best, 2014)

Consumer is the core of our attention

Almarai focuses its efforts on continuous improvement and diversification of its products in the various categories it offers. This is achieved through the adoption of rigorous and rigorous R & D and quality assurance process, ensuring that our dairy products, juices, baked goods, poultry and infant milk are manufactured and developed. To meet their specific needs. Accurate analysis and measurement of customer expectations is a key element of our product development strategy.
 (Almarai, 
2016) Almarai Company essay discussion response.

supply chain management

Vertical integration requires meeting or exceeding the stringent quality standards adopted by Almarai at every stage of the work. From this point of view, high quality components are imported from around the world and transported to advanced manufacturing facilities in Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and the Kingdom of Jordan. The company imports 1.5 million tonnes of feed annually, mostly from its own farms around the world Almarai Company essay discussion response. These farms are run on the basis of international best practices, ensuring the highest quality of feed for cattle and poultry in our farms. (Best, 2014)

Growth and expansion

Almarai is committed to achieving continuous growth in its various product categories and expanding to cover the entire region. In 2016, the company continued to achieve growth in sales across all major product categories and in the International Dairy and Juice Company in Egypt and the Kingdom of Jordan. The expansion of the geographical spread since the company’s incorporation into the Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawul) in 2005 has contributed to reducing the Company’s dependence on the Saudi market sales, while the diversification of products has contributed to reducing reliance on dairy products. The gains from innovation and efficiency will result in a stronger cash flow and improved working capital management to support capital expenditures for future growth. 
(Almarai, 
2016) Almarai Company essay discussion response.

Referance

Almarai Company.
 (2016). Fort Mill: Mergent. Retrieved from 
https://search-proquest-com.sdl.idm.oclc.org/docview/1824879750?accountid=142908

Best, D. (2014). 
Management briefing: FMCG in the middle east: FMCG in the middle east: Profile – almarai.
 (). Bromsgrove: Aroq Limited. Retrieved from 
https://search-proquest-com.sdl.idm.oclc.org/docview/1546570442?accountid=142908

Almarai company : Consumer packaged goods – company profile, SWOT & financial analysis.
 (2016). (). Basingstoke: Progressive Digital Media. Retrieved from 
https://search-proquest-com.sdl.idm.oclc.org/docview/1820065316?accountid=142908

 

 

Answer 4

Each business has a process that suits its type of production. Thus, distinguishing between process types is important to select the suitable one. There are five types of processes that are job shop, batch, repetitive, continuous, and project Almarai Company essay discussion response. Thus, this article will study Almarai’s case and match it with the suitable process. However, it will start by defining each process type.

As said previously, there are five types of processes that are job shop, batch, repetitive, continuous, and project. Stevenson (2014) defined each process clearly. Job shop process is suitable for small-scale and high-variety of goods or services that need for skilled workers. Batch is suitable for the moderate volume and variety of services or goods that need for less-skilled workers than those in a job shop process. Repetitive is required when higher volumes of more standardized goods and services are produced. The workers’ skills are usually low (Stevenson, 2014). Continuous process is suitable for a high volume of non-discrete products. The skills of workers can be various high and low Almarai Company essay discussion response. Project process fits with nonroutine works and its workers’ skills also range from low to high (Stevenson, 2014). Thus, each process has different criteria. Sometimes the volume of the production changes is affected by the life cycles, thus the business manager may need to change from one process to another. This shift may affect also the cost. The increases in the volume lead to shift the process from batch mode to repetitive operation and thus reduce the cost further (Dahlgren, Göçmen, Lackner, & van Ryzin, 2013; Stevenson, 2014). Therefore, it is significant for industries to find out the most suitable process to generate more profit.

Almarai company is one of the companies that produce the non-discrete products because it produces milk and other dairy goods (Almarai, 2017). Non-discrete products are the homogenous goods that are produced by process industries. The quality and composition of these products cannot be evaluated by eyesight (Stindt & Sahamie, 2014). For example, milk is a homogenous product and cannot be evaluated by eyesight. Almarai usually produce dairy products in large volume as its products are seen in every store. Thus, the suitable process type is the continuous process. However, because Almarai wishes to expand to a new location, the volume of the production must be considered. As Stevenson (2014) state, the life cycles affect the volume of products that begin with low volume and increase gradually. Thus, in the new branch, the production may start with low volume as it is in the first period of the life cycle. Therefore, the suitable process will be the Job shop process because it is suitable for a small scale. Using the continuous process with the low volume will cause higher than necessary cost or lost opportunities (Stevenson, 2014) Almarai Company essay discussion response. Therefore, the volume of production in the new branch is the determinant of the suitable process. However, if the discussion about the main branch process, then Almarai must use the continuous process as it may supply the new branch with the products.

Finally, this article discussed the process types then studied Almarai’s case and matched it with the suitable process. There are five process types that are job shop, batch, repetitive, continuous, and project. Each process has specific criteria. The volume and type of Almarai’s products were suitable for the continues process. However, the wish to expand created two cases. If the production meant to start in the new branch, the products’ volume would be small and thus the suitable process would be job shop. On the other hand, if the production meant to be in the main branch to support the new one, then the suitable process would be the continues process. Almarai Company essay discussion response.

 

References

Dahlgren, E., Göçmen, C., Lackner, K., & van Ryzin, G. (2013). Small modular infrastructure. 
The Engineering Economist, 58
(4), 231-264. doi:10.1080/0013791X.2013.825038

Stevenson, W. (2014). 
Operations management
 (12th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Stindt, D., & Sahamie, R. (2014). Review of research on closed loop supply chain management in the process industry. 
Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal, 26
(1), 268-293. doi:10.1007/s10696-012-9137-4

Almarai. (2017). Almarai Products. Retrieved from https://www.almarai.com/en/brands/almarai

 

Almarai is the largest dairy company in the Middle East. Imagine that the company wishes to expand to a new location. What process type would be best for Almarai and why: job shop, batch, repetitive, continuous, or project?

Embed course material concepts, principles, and theories, which require supporting citations along with 
at least one scholarly, peer-reviewed reference in supporting your answer unless the discussion calls for more Almarai Company essay discussion response
.

Almarai

Student’s Name

Institution of Affiliation

Course

Date

Almarai Company which was established the year 1977 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia started as a partnership. This company has developed over the years to be the biggest integrated dairy company and the leading in beverage and food production in the Middle East. Through the company’s slogan “Quality deserves trust”, it is evident that the culture of the company is built on quality products for their customers in their day to day operations (Almarai (2017) Almarai Company essay discussion response.

Every business organization has a suitable process according to its production and volume. Therefore, creating the correct distinction between types of processes in order to select that which is suitable is very vital. These process types include; project, batch, continuous, job shop and repetitive. Project process type is vital in non-routine high skilled and low skilled works while batch suits moderate less skilled goods and services. Continuous process type is significant for non-discrete products in high volume while job shop process type remains vital for high variety goods and services in small scale. Lastly, the repetitive process is suitable in instances where production of goods and services is ore standardized and in high volume (Verma, 2009).

Taking into consideration the business nature of Almarai, the type of process it suits is the continuous process. On the other hand, since it wishes to expand to a new location, product volume ought to be considered since, in the new branch, it will start with a low volume and gradually increase Almarai Company essay discussion response. Therefore, using this initial continuous process in the new branch is likely to result in additional costs. In this manner, production volume in the new branch will be the greatest determinant of the process to be used with the best process type being job shop (Panneerselvam, 2012).

 

References

Almarai (2017)
Almarai Products
Available at
https://www.almarai.com/en/brands/almarai

Panneerselvam, R. (2012). 
Production and operations management

Verma, N. (2009). 
Business process management: Profiting from process
. Delhi: Global India Pub Almarai Company essay discussion response.

Performance Improvement Plan (PIP) Essay – Rasmussen Hospital and Clinics case study

PIP Process Steps

Define the problem. Determine if the problem is a performance problem or a behavior problem.

The problem with the coding system at Rasmussen Hospital and Clinics is a performance-based problem, given the fact that it has led to the lag in coding time for the services throughout the enterprise. Besides, it is a problem that has been experienced in the recent pasts, as opposed to what used to take place in the organization previously before the institutions implemented the coding systems. Besides, the fact that the organization’s Chief Financial Officer (CFO) has expressed concern with the coding system and requested that a…

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Despite a Manager’s best efforts, sometimes an employee will fail to meet the requirements of their position. This poor performance can be caused by a number of factors including but not limited to personal relationship issues, lack of communication or training, or disengagement with their role in the organization. Performance Improvement Plan (PIP) Essay – Rasmussen Hospital and Clinics case study.

When an employee’s performance consistently does not meet expectations, it is the manager’s job to help get the employee back on track. This is often achieved through the use of a Performance Improvement Plan (PIP).

Review the scenario below, and complete the first six steps of the PIP process based on the scenario provided. The steps have been provided below for your reference.

Scenario

Rasmussen Hospital and Clinics has recently been concerned about the lag in coding time for the services throughout the enterprise. Your Chief Financial Officer (CFO) has expressed the required coding turnaround time should be four days for inpatient services and a two-day turnaround for clinic services.

You are an HIM Manager and one of your coders that has worked for you for three years recently started coming in late on a regular basis and is not completing his expected coding quota. The problem has been occurring for almost two months now and other employees are starting to complain. The employee is going through a divorce and a bitter custody battle. Performance Improvement Plan (PIP) Essay – Rasmussen Hospital and Clinics case study.

Write a 3 page paper, completing the first six steps of a PIP for your employee.

Be sure to address the following in your paper:

PIP Process Steps

Define the problem. Determine if the problem is a performance problem or a behavior problem.

Define the duties or behaviors where improvement is required.

Establish the priorities of the duties.

What are the possible consequences of errors associated with these duties?

How frequently are these duties performed?

How do they relate when compared with other duties?

Identify the standards upon which performance will be measured for each of the duties identified.

Establish short-range and long-range goals and timetables for accomplishing change in the performance/behavior with the employee. Performance Improvement Plan (PIP) Essay – Rasmussen Hospital and Clinics case study.

Develop an action plan.

What will the manager do to help the employee accomplish the goals within the desired time frame?

What will the employee do to facilitate improvement of the product or process?

 

Performance Improvement Plan

Student’s name

Institution of Affiliation

Course

Date

 

PIP Process Steps

Define the problem. Determine if the problem is a performance problem or a behavior problem.

The problem with the coding system at Rasmussen Hospital and Clinics is a performance-based problem, given the fact that it has led to the lag in coding time for the services throughout the enterprise. Besides, it is a problem that has been experienced in the recent pasts, as opposed to what used to take place in the organization previously before the institutions implemented the coding systems Performance Improvement Plan (PIP) Essay – Rasmussen Hospital and Clinics case study. Besides, the fact that the organization’s Chief Financial Officer (CFO) has expressed concern with the coding system and requested that a coding turnaround time is extended for a period of four days for inpatient services and a two-day turnaround for clinic services is an indicator that the problem is a performance-based and not behavior based. Perhaps the CFO felt that the lag in the coding system was adversely affecting the performance of the inpatient and clinical services at Rasmussen Hospital and Clinics

The coders have also been in the organization for a record three years and have only shown the laxity to their duties in the past two months. They have shown poor performance in their coding duties and sometimes report to work late regularly, even when they report late, they still fail to complete their duties while at work and the coding quota assigned to them for that particular day. Performance Improvement Plan (PIP) Essay – Rasmussen Hospital and Clinics case study.

The Duties Where Improvement Is Required.

From the performance behavior exhibited by the employee who is responsible for coding at Rasmussen Hospital and Clinics, it is clear that there is need to have certain levels of improvement in the duties of the employee at work. The performance improvements will include subjecting the employee to proper training on how to undertake to code. Besides, there will need to improve the collaboration and linkage between the employee’s role and the expectations, goals, and objective of the Rasmussen Hospital and Clinics to ensure that the employee’s perfume to the expectation of the management (Rothwell & Carolyn, 2013). In general, as manager in charge, it will be the duties and responsibility of the manager to help the employee get back on track using a properly instituted Performance Improvement Plan (PIP) Performance Improvement Plan (PIP) Essay – Rasmussen Hospital and Clinics case study.

The Priorities of the Duties.

The possible consequences of errors related to these duties are reduced revenue, increased customer complaints and low level of customer satisfaction.

These duties are performed on a daily basis to facilitate fast-tracking and review of the outcomes and activities of the employee

These duties are integral part of the other duties which must be performed together to achieve a good outcome and accomplished the goals of Rasmussen Hospital and Clinics

The Standards Upon Which Performance Will Be Measured For Each Of The Duties Identified.

The standard of measuring the performance will be based on the goals set by the Rasmussen Hospital and Clinics. This will be compared against the results that the employee achieved when discharging the duties at the workplace. Any negative deviation from the goal of the organization will indicate underperformance (Tovey Uren & Sheldon, 2013). On the other hand, if the outcome of the employee’s roles and responsibilities are higher than the goals of the organization, then the performance is above board Performance Improvement Plan (PIP) Essay – Rasmussen Hospital and Clinics case study. In case the outcome of the employee meets the goals of the organization, then it is an indicator that the employee met the expectations of the management.

Short-Range and Long-Range Goals and Timetables for Accomplishing Change in The Performance With The Employee.

The short-term goal of the change in the performance of the employees is to ensure that the lagging reported among the two coding staff stops immediately. This will be achieved through continuous monitoring of the performance of the employees for a period of three months, three times a day until the management is satisfied that the employees have changed. The other short-term goal of change in performance will be to ensure that the employee stops the tendency of reporting to work late and complete all the tasks and duties assigned to them on every occasion. This short-term goal will be achieved through evaluation of the amount of work performed by the employee on a daily basis (Hohne & King, 2014).

The long-term goals for the performance change will be to ensure that the employee improves in personal relationship issues as well as interpersonal and communication skills within a span of two years. This will be achieved through monthly training organized by the HR department. The attitude of the employee towards the coding responsibilities and lag in coding time for all the services offered by the healthcare facility must also be improved throughout the enterprise. Performance Improvement Plan (PIP) Essay – Rasmussen Hospital and Clinics case study. Equally, it would be prudent to increase the coding turnaround time to four days for inpatient services and a two-day turnaround for clinic services as per the recommendations of the CFO.

Goal

Officer In Charge

Duration

Reduce Lagging

Supervisor

3 months

Reduce late reporting to work

HIM Manager

3 months

Completion of all coding assignment

CFO

Daily For Three Months

improves in a personal relationship and communication skills

HIM Manager

2 years

increase the coding turnaround time to four days for inpatient services and a two-day turnaround for clinic services

HIM Manager

2 years

Action plan for the Performance Improvement Plan (PIP).

The manager will play the role of a leader and ensure that the change in performance is monitored from the manager’s office. This will ensure that all the performance improvement process are attacked and implemented form the highest office and other actions directed to the employees. Monitoring and evaluation of the progress of the performance improvement plan will be easy since it has the goodwill of the management. As a result, the employees will be willing and ready to change in their performance to accomplish the goals within the desired time frame Performance Improvement Plan (PIP) Essay – Rasmussen Hospital and Clinics case study.

For the employee, it will be his sole role and responsibility to adhere to the performance improvement plan and undertake all the performance changes as listed in the action plan. The employee must remain dedicated and committed to the performance change process (Carleton, 2014). This involved giving preference to the interests of the organization as opposed to personal interests. It will also be the responsibility of the employee to seek guidance and assistance in case of any problem Performance Improvement Plan (PIP) Essay – Rasmussen Hospital and Clinics case study. Of great importance is to ensure that the privacy issues such as divorce and a bitter custody battle are kept out of the organization duties and responsibilities. This way, the employee will be able to facilitate improvement change process.

 

References

Carleton, R. (2014).
Implementation and management of performance improvement plans:

Emphasizing group and organizational interventions
. Amherst, Mass: HRD Press.

Bottom of Form

Hohne K. & King Stephen B. (2014).
Performance Improvement Plan – Sunoco A year to

Celebrate
. : Diane Pub Co, 2004. Print.

Rothwell J. & Carolyn T. (2013).
Human Performance Improvement
Hoboken, NJ: Wiley

The pub, 2010. Internet resource.

Tovey D Michale, Mary-Anne L. Uren, Neroli Ena Sheldon (2013).
Managing Performance

Improvement.
New York: Riverhead Books/Penguin, 2006. Print. Performance Improvement Plan (PIP) Essay – Rasmussen Hospital and Clinics case study.

EHR Errors Essay

Read the following article:

Wiedemann. Lou Ann. “Completing Charts in EHRs.” 
Journal of AHIMA
 81, no. 1 (January 2010): 40-41
.

The following quote from the article mentions a problem with data entry errors that directly affect the performance of the EHR system.

“If information is entered incorrectly on the front end the HIM department has additional clean-up on the back end, ‘It is “garbage in, garbage out,’ Bell notes.”

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Questions for discussion:

How do you think “garbage in, garbage out” can be avoided?

How can the source of the inaccurate data be identified? EHR Errors Essay

Performance of the EHR System

How I think “garbage in, garbage out” can be avoided

“Garbage in, garbage out” is a phrase severally used to express the fact that, input that is of poor quality or incorrect will always result in faulty output as related to computing or other spheres of day to activities. However, it is possible to avoid “garbage in, garbage out” more so in relation to the field of computing. The first initiative to avoid “garbage in, garbage out” is by individuals expressing and selling the benefits of a clean data set EHR Errors Essay.  Basically, a clean dataset ensures that the process of cleansing data in not only possible but also effective in producing desired outcomes. Performing regular data cleansing exercises through software and hardware updates assure the integrity of data hence accurate results (Wiedemann, 2010).

Another way in which “garbage in, garbage out” can be avoided is through working within existing processes. There is a specific procedure in which specific operations have to be executed before receiving final outcomes. It is essential that computer users follow these procedures depending on specific computer applications and operations they would like to perform. In this manner, computer users are able to prioritize operations, identify possibilities of errors and correct before execution hence avoiding possibilities of the occurrence of “garbage in, garbage out”(Bjokaman, 2014).

“Garbage in, garbage out” is highly attributable to human and system errors although the former largely contribute in comparison with the latter. For this reason, it should be an initiative by computer users to countercheck data and information before inputting to check for possible errors and inaccuracies that may result in undesired outcomes. This has to be done just before or at the point of data entry as it helps to avoid occurrences of “garbage in, garbage out” (Thomson, 2009) EHR Errors Essay.

How the Source of the Inaccurate Data Can Be Identified

Right from the entry point, it is possible to identify sources of incorrect data especially if the person who enters the data knows what type of data to expect before entry. In this manner, an individual is able to identify inaccuracy sources which may include misspellings, human errors and even system errors during the process of data entry.  The most common type of error in that largely contributes to the inaccuracy of data is attributed to human errors which are likely associated with ignorance of individuals EHR Errors Essay. However, sources of human errors are easily identified through a series of steps that range from inspecting the data collection process to the center of data output. Through this initiative, it is possible to identify if data inaccuracy is attributable to human errors, system errors or both (Nickle, 2012).

References

Bjokaman, P. (2014). Avoiding the ‘Garbage in Garbage Out’ trap – Snow Software

Blog.Software Asset Management & License Optimization Blog.Mc

Nickle, M. (2012) 5 reasons data inaccuracies occur in EMRs. Healthcare IT News.

Thomson, V. E. (2009). 
Garbage in, garbage out: Solving the problems with long-distance trash

transport
Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press EHR Errors Essay.

Wiedemann. Lou Ann. (2010). Completing Charts in EHRs Journal of AHIMA, 81, no.1,

January 2010: 40-41. Available at
https://content.learntoday.info/Learn/HIM2652fw_Spring_16/site/Media/Completing_Charts_in_EHRs.docx
Accessed on 30/10/2017

 

Completing Charts in EHRs

By Lou Ann Wiedemann, MS, RHIA, CPEHR

This issue the Journal introduces a new “Working Smart” column offering best practices for working in the e-HIM environment.

Since the advent of the HIM profession many have struggled with the chart completion process. In the paper environment, the process began with assembling mountains of paper into a logical order and sequence. From there clerical staff spent countless hours reviewing pages for signatures and missing documentation EHR Errors Essay.

Many of these processes still remain in the EHR. “It really comes down to a process that is shorter, but sometimes more time-consuming,” says Bonnie Irzyk, RHIT, HIM manager at VNS Home Health Services in Rhode Island.

This column outlines practice guidance for completing a record in an electronic environment.

Defining Chart Completion Policies and Procedures

The first step in the chart completion process is to review regulatory guidelines, including any state-specific, Joint Commission, or Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services guidelines regarding record completion.

Most organizations require that each entry within a record be signed. State regulations may further outline that entities include the date and time with the signature. These requirements, and any other requirements, should be outlined in an organization’s chart completion policies and procedures EHR Errors Essay.

Organizations should ensure that their policies and procedures are up-to-date as processes change. Irzyk recommends keying in on specific terms such as “paper” when reviewing specific department policies and procedures. In such an instance, organizations can simply change references from “paper” to “electronic.”

Policies and procedures should define when a record is complete. For most organizations, a record is complete once all applicable signatures and reports are verified to be part of the record. The organization should then define which signatures and reports the HIM department will confirm.

For example, at OU Medical Center in Oklahoma City, HIM manager Valerie Bell, RHIA, considers a record complete when the clerical staff has confirmed that it contains a “history and physical, discharge summary, applicable consultations or operative notes as well as signatures on each report and all physician orders.” If one physician order is missing, the record remains incomplete until that order is signed EHR Errors Essay.

This is the same policy that was in place when the record was completely comprised of paper. The only process that has changed is the process by which reports and signatures are obtained.

Irzyk also recommends that every department define its legal electronic health record. A documentation crosswalk can provide guidance on the components of the legal health record EHR Errors Essay. It will also help HIM professionals address other issues, such as
electronic

signature
, within other policies.

For example, an organization that has implemented
electronic

signature
no longer must obtain manual signatures. Instead of reviewing and placing a manual deficiency into an HIM tracking module, EHR systems have built-in queues that recognize the author and the need for a cosignature. The order is automatically sent to the appropriate physician for counter signature. No manual review is needed.

Chart Completion Challenges

A major challenge for HIM professionals is learning an EHR system’s functionality. Irzyk found that “understanding the logic of the software” was a major hurdle to overcome at VNS.

The software VNS chose allowed providers to enter clinical notes; however, it did not provide e-signature functionality for all modules. The issue was quickly recognized by working closely with providers and IT. The HIM and IT departments were able to adapt a system “task” function as a workaround EHR Errors Essay. The HIM department completes the task, which sends a notification to the clinician to complete the record deficiency. Once the physician completes the deficiency, an edit list is reviewed in the HIM department to complete the record.

HIM professionals should not be afraid to ask system questions, nor should they assume that if a system has electronic data entry it automatically allows e-signatures.

In addition, the number of people entering data on the front end increases as more modules are moved to the electronic environment. If information is entered incorrectly on the front end the HIM department has additional clean-up on the back end. “It is ‘garbage in, garbage out,’” Bell notes.

For example, if a nurse enters a verbal order and links it to the incorrect physician the HIM department usually finds out after discharge. The system assigns the signature to the incorrect physician, who then comes to HIM to have the order corrected.

HIM professionals must understand the functionality of the software and how physicians are assigned in these instances. EHR Errors Essay “If we [HIM] don’t understand, the number of incorrect deficiencies continues to increase and physicians get frustrated with a system that does not appear to work correctly,” Bell says.

Another major challenge for HIM professionals is job responsibilities. Many providers feel that record completion activities are clerical functions and do not fall within their scope of services. However, these functions are no longer black and white in an electronic environment.

For example, when implementing computerized physician order entry, a key process in the paper world was the transcription of the order. Many times a ward clerk reviewed the order and then transcribed the order into the different ancillary modules (e.g., medications to the pharmacy or chest x-ray to the radiology department). As ward clerks entered the order they answered key questions such as “Is the patient required to have nothing by mouth?” prior to the test.

In the electronic world these questions are flagged for the provider entering the order to answer. Physicians may feel overwhelmed at the beginning of the electronic order implementation because they are not accustomed to answering these types of questions.

Another challenge for HIM professionals during the transition is the hybrid process that occurs while modules are being implemented. During this time period providers may be completing records electronically and manually EHR Errors Essay. Clerical staff must then identify which providers are signing electronically and which are signing manually.

EHR Chart Completion Lessons

Learn as much about the EHR system as possible

Work closely with IT and clinicians, and keep communication open

Test system upgrades extensively

Understand downtime procedures

Do not be afraid to ask questions

Require all providers to use each implemented module

Do not expect the EHR to fix all of the chart completion deficiencies

In a facility with a large medical staff this process can bring HIM processes to a screeching halt. “It is a huge problem that is often overlooked,” Bell says. The HIM department should be aware of chart completion concerns before beginning the transition. “Just go into the implementation being aware of back-end difficulties,” she recommends.

As HIM professionals move toward an electronic record there are several lessons to be learned. Completing health records and maintaining the integrity of the information is a fundamental HIM function that cannot be lost in the transition to an EHR.

“Just when you think you have it down, something new happens,” says Irzyk. “However, the end product is more accurate, and the documentation is better.” HIM professionals can take advantage of the EHR to streamline record completion processes and minimize duplication of effort.

Lou Ann Wiedemann is a director of practice resources at AHIMA.

Article citation
:

Wiedemann, Lou Ann. “Completing Charts in EHRs.”
Journal of AHIMA
81, no.1 (January 2010): 40-41.

 

Copyright ©2010 American Health Information Management Association. All rights reserved. All contents, including images and graphics, on this Web site are copyrighted by AHIMA unless otherwise noted EHR Errors Essay. You must obtain permission to reproduce any information, graphics, or images from this site. You do not need to obtain permission to cite, reference, or briefly quote this material as long as proper citation of the source of the information is made. Please
contact Publications
to obtain permission. Please include the title and URL of the content you wish to reprint in your request.

 

How I think “garbage in, garbage out” can be avoided

“Garbage in, garbage out” is a phrase severally used to express the fact that, input that is of poor quality or incorrect will always result in faulty output as related to computing or other spheres of day to activities. However, it is possible to avoid “garbage in, garbage out” more so in relation to the field of computing. The first initiative to avoid “garbage in, garbage out” is by individuals expressing and selling the benefits of a clean data set EHR Errors Essay.  Basically, a clean dataset ensures that the process of cleansing data in not only possible but also effective in producing desired outcomes. Performing regular data cleansing exercises through software and hardware updates assure the integrity of data hence accurate results (Wiedemann, 2010).

Another way in which “garbage in, garbage out” can be avoided is through working within existing processes. There is a specific procedure in which specific operations have to be executed before receiving final outcomes. It is essential that computer users follow these procedures depending on specific computer applications and operations they would like to perform. In this manner, computer users are able to prioritize operations, identify possibilities of errors and correct before execution hence avoiding possibilities of the occurrence of “garbage in, garbage out”(Bjokaman, 2014).

“Garbage in, garbage out” is highly attributable to human and system errors although the former largely contribute in comparison with the latter. For this reason, it should be an initiative by computer users to countercheck data and information before inputting to check for possible errors and inaccuracies that may result in undesired outcomes. This has to be done just before or at the point of data entry as it helps to avoid occurrences of “garbage in, garbage out” (Thomson, 2009) EHR Errors Essay.

How the Source of the Inaccurate Data Can Be Identified

Right from the entry point, it is possible to identify sources of incorrect data especially if the person who enters the data knows what type of data to expect before entry. In this manner, an individual is able to identify inaccuracy sources which may include misspellings, human errors and even system errors during the process of data entry.  The most common type of error in that largely contributes to the inaccuracy of data is attributed to human errors which are likely associated with ignorance of individuals. EHR Errors Essay However, sources of human errors are easily identified through a series of steps that range from inspecting the data collection process to the center of data output. Through this initiative, it is possible to identify if data inaccuracy is attributable to human errors, system errors or both (Nickle, 2012).

 

References

Bjokaman, P. (2014). Avoiding the ‘Garbage in Garbage Out’ trap – Snow Software

Blog.Software Asset Management & License Optimization Blog.Mc

Nickle, M. (2012) 5 reasons data inaccuracies occur in EMRs. Healthcare IT News.

Thomson, V. E. (2009). 
Garbage in, garbage out: Solving the problems with long-distance trash

transport
Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.

Wiedemann. Lou Ann. (2010). Completing Charts in EHRs Journal of AHIMA, 81, no.1,

January 2010: 40-41. Available at
https://content.learntoday.info/Learn/HIM2652fw_Spring_16/site/Media/Completing_Charts_in_EHRs.docx
Accessed on 30/10/2017 EHR Errors Essay

Health Care Organization Management Essay

Discuss how quality is measured in terms of structure, process, and outcomes within a health care organization (HCO).

Thinking in terms of an organization you previously worked for, currently work for, or would like to work for, identify some of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to the organization as it considers its future business goals.

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Why is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regarding confidentiality of patient information important? Health Care Organization Management Essay.

Referring to a healthcare organization with which you are familiar, describe some of the most prevalent challenges it might have faced in implementing its electronic medical / health record system.

Identify and discuss the key steps in the closing process that provide the most opportunity to make mistakes in processing account transactions. Why did you select these steps and what makes them confusing?

Make at least two (2) recommendations for improving the accuracy and reliability of the information in     the gaps that you have identified Health Care Organization Management Essay

 

Use the Internet to research the annual report of at least one (1) merchandising company. For example, while you can’t use this one, here is one from 
Walmart

 

Determine which costing method (Last In First Out [LIFO], First In First Out [FIFO], or weighted average cost) that is used to record inventory by your selected company.

 

Share three (3) advantages and three (3) disadvantages of using the type of costing method (LIFO, FIFO, and weighted average) that the company has implemented. Health Care Organization Management Essay.

 

Management of Health Care Organization

Student’s Names

Institution of Affiliation

Course

Date

 

 

How Quality Is Measured In Terms Of Structure, Process, And Outcomes Within A Health Care Organization (HCO).

Measuring quality of healthcare in Health Care Organizations involves ascertaining the degree to which the Services provided by Health Care Organizations to the population or an individual has the ability to result in the desired outcome and remain consistent to professional knowledge. Thus, quality is measured in HCO by ascertaining the degree to which the services provided meet the domains of quality in terms of the structure put in place, the process used to offer the services and the general outcomes. Health Care Organization Management Essay.

The quality will also be measured by ascertaining how the structures put in place at any HCO must enhance maximum quality from certain healthcare unit with respect to the resources used through efficient service provision.  Besides, the structures of an HCO will be measured on their capability of observing equity in healthcare delivery.  This will involve ascertaining the level of equality in healthcare service provision to different patients with different physical characteristics other than the preference of care and clinical conditions.

The process used by HCO must be able to effective and efficient. This means that the quality will be measured by ascertaining the level of scientific evidence used to achieve the desired outcome Health Care Organization Management Essay. Besides, the level of quality achieved by the process will be measured by ascertaining the timeliness within which a patient obtains healthcare in terms of waiting time and delays.

The desired outcome of any service provided by the HCO must save a life, uphold patients and physician safety and must be patients centered. This means that the measurement of quality will seek to ascertain how such service meets the preferences and need of the patients through education, care, support, and management.

SWOT Analysis of Houston Methodist Hospital

Strengths

It has a good expertise, research, and knowledge on managing chronic disease. The HCO also uses direct mail and order fulfillment system that enables it to provide efficient healthcare services. It also provides quality healthcare and marketing to the right patients.

Weaknesses,

The revenues of the HCO are affected by the continuous changes in government policies and Medicare. Equally, most of its revenue sources depend on recurring orders from clients and this exposes it to loos should customers fail to place subsequent orders. There is also a little barrier to entry into the HCO market, thus exposing it to the threat of new entrants Health Care Organization Management Essay.

Opportunities

The HCO banks on its financial strength, Research and Developments projects that has given it a mileage in the provision of healthcare service for chronic illness. Also, there is still room for expansion of its services to other healthcare sectors. Additionally, the HCO has the potential of increasing its revenue collection by selling its products and service to its current patients. It has the opportunity to rely on supplies and merchandiser to expand its growth

Threats

The HCO is struggling to cope with the dynamic technology that is revolutionizing healthcare provisions for chronic illness. The customers are also changing their preferences, thus affecting the re-order level of its products and services. The HCO is also facing competitive pricing pressures, adverse effects of mortality rates and customer transaction that threaten its success in achieving its goals Health Care Organization Management Essay. Additionally, the HCO is facing fierce competition within its market domain which are very difficult to achieve. Equally, the government has gained control over HCOs, thus limiting their budgetary expenses that would help them achieve their goals.

Why the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regarding confidentiality of patient information important.

HIPAA is important because it emphasizes the need for all healthcare practitioners and professionals to uphold patient privacy and confidentiality when handling patient information. It also recognizes the fact that patient’s information is personal information and thus the patients have the right of ownership (Allen, 2013). HIPAA also makes it compulsory to seek patient’s consent before using patient information and restricts the access, transfer, sharing and alteration or storage of patient’s information to the intended use only. Thus, HIPAA serves to protect the confidentiality, privacy, and integrity of the patients in regard to medical information.

Some of the Most Prevalent Challenges Facing Houston Methodist Hospital in Implementing Its Electronic Medical / Health Record System.

Houston Methodist hospital is facing the challenge of misalignment of cost and benefits that arise from financial reimbursement in the process of implementing EHR/EMR system. Other challenges include clinical issues, concerns over patient’s privacy and confidentiality, system interoperability, failure to meet the standards of health information data and inadequate well-trained clinician staff with good knowledge of informatics that will oversee the implementation of EHR/EMR system (Ajami & Arab-Chadegani, 2014) Health Care Organization Management Essay.

The hospital is also facing a challenge of shortage in trusted and reliable EHR/EMR system vendors since the one who is available in the market are more of transience vendors. The HCO is also facing challenges in billing errors arising from the software malfunction, system failures, obsolesce of the software, computer crash, anomalies in data capture, vendors going out of business, issues dealing with automation, programming errors and invalidation of the patient data (Ajami & Arab-Chadegani, 2014) Health Care Organization Management Essay. Even if Houston decides to go out of its way to implement these EHR/EMR system, it will still face the challenge of financing the EHR/EMR system which requires huge capital investment, standardization, difficult to use and disruption of workflow.

The Key Steps In The Closing Process That Provide The Most Opportunity To Make Mistakes In Processing Account Transactions
.

The key steps in the closing process that provide the most opportunity to make mistakes in processing account transactions are the process of closing all income accounts to Income Summary and the process of closing all expense accounts to Income Summary. These two steps are more confusing because closing income accounts involve debiting each revenue account with the relevant credit balance in that account (Finkler & Ward, 2014). Equally, when closing the expense accounts, the account is credited with the respect debit balance in each account. This means that the correct revenue and expense records must be an available failure to which the calculation will give wrong results.

Recommendations for Improving the Accuracy and Reliability of the Information in the Gaps That You Have
Identified

To avoid the challenges mentioned above, it is recommended that all the closing journal entries of both revenue and expenses be made at year-end during the preparation of temporary accounts that will be used in the following accounting period (Finkler & Ward, 2014). Health Care Organization Management Essay The second recommendation is to measure the temporary/ nominal accounts which will serve as the income statement accounts on a periodic basis to avoid errors of commissions and omission

The Costing Method Used To Record Inventory by Your Selected Company.

Houston Methodist Hospital uses LIFO method to record its inventory (Houston Methodist Hospital, 2017).

Advantages of LIFO Method of Recording Inventory

LIFO leads better matching of inventory costs and the hospital’s revenues as compared to other methods.  It also minimizes market write-downs and improves cash flows and tax benefits (Finkler & Ward, 2014).

Disadvantages of LIFO Method of Recording Inventory

LIFO method of inventory costing will reduce the earnings of an HCO during times of inflation, it understates the inventory and may lead to the liquidation of an entity. It helps the HCO report its cost of inventory grossly and also permits manipulation of incomes, thus allowing the determination of margins effectively (Finkler & Ward, 2014) Health Care Organization Management Essay.

References.

Ajami S. and Razieh Arab-Chadegani (2013). Barriers to implementing Electronic Health

Records (EHRs). 2013; 25(3): 213–215. doi:  10.5455/msm.2013.25.213-215. Available at

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3804410/
. Accessed on 30/10/2017

Allen A. (2013). Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule: Enhancing Privacy, Improving Health

Through Research. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; 2013. pp. 31–59.

Available at
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9579/
Accessed on 30/10/2017

Finkler, S. A., & Ward, D. M. (2014).
Cost accounting for healthcare organizations: Concepts

and applications
. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publishers. Health Care Organization Management Essay.

GlobalData – Company Reports. (2016).
Houston Methodist Hospital – Strategic SWOT Analysis

Review
Feb 02, 2016. New York, NY: Alacra Store. Retrieved Oct 30, 2017, from < http://www.alacrastore.com/storecontent/GlobalData-Company-Reports/Houston-Methodist-Hospital-Strategic-SWOT-Analysis-Review-2087-52917 > Accessed on 30/10/2017

Houston Methodist Hospital (2017). Available at

http://www.houstonmethodist.org/
.
Accessed

on 30/10/2017.

Quality Measure Tools & Resources. Content last reviewed August 2017. Agency for Healthcare

Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. Available at

http://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/quality-patient-safety/quality-resources/index.html
. Health Care Organization Management Essay

Behavioral Health Essay

Read the following articles from the EBSCO host database:

    Covall, M. (2005, January). Medicare prospective payment comes to psychiatric hospitals. Behavioral Health Management, 25(1), 54–57.

Oss, M. E. (2005). What’s next for managed behavioral health. (Cover story). Behavioral Health Management, 25(6), 11-14

You should also search the Internet to further learn about additional factors that influence the business model of behavioral health.

Your paper introduction (one page) should include the following points:

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    An overview of the research paper

The purpose or objective of the research paper

The body of the paper (four to six pages) should address each of the following topics using information learned in the course, in combination with outside references:

    In today’s healthcare scenario, are behavioral health services viewed as a profession? How? Is behavioral health service different from the rest of the healthcare industry? If yes, how? If no, why?

Describe the main reasons why behavioral healthcare may be reimbursed differently than any other healthcare services, in general Behavioral Health Essay. What factors need to be addressed based on the population served? Utilize your course and text readings to support your answers.

What are some of the challenges faced by behavioral healthcare providers who operate in a managed care environment? What are some of the areas of conflict between behavioral healthcare providers and managed care? Which amongst these conflict areas do you think is the most crucial, and requires immediate attention, and why?

Will the managed care environment be able to support the services required to provide effective residential treatment? In your opinion, what will a residential treatment facility need to continue providing effective treatment while still being able to get reimbursed, especially through Medicaid or Medicare services? (You can use the the CMS.gov Web site to get more information on these topics. Behavioral Health Essay)

Your conclusion (one page) should include the following points:

    What conclusions can you draw from your research that would demonstrate the role played by managed care in the behavioral health industry?

If you were a manager of a behavioral healthcare organization, what changes would you bring to your ways of doing business to meet the consumers’ needs while still being able to be reimbursed for the services provided to the consumer?

https://www.thecampuscommon.
com/library/ezproxy/ti.
..

https://www.thecampuscommon.
com/library/ezproxy/ti.
..

 

Behavioral Health Services

Introduction:

Behavioral Health refers to the general well-being of both the emotional and the mental status of an individual.  In this manner, behavioral health ranges from individuals who struggle with disorders of substance or other addictive behaviors to those with mental illnesses such as personality disorders. For this reason, treatment is the only option for such individuals in regaining health status. To ensure that individuals seeking behavioral health services regain health status, they need not only to be supported but also to be empowered with efforts geared towards early screening with primary care doctors, early treatment and public health education Behavioral Health Essay.

The changes in behavioral healthcare service provision include but not limited to; better behavioral health benefits improved connections with social services, wider insurance coverage and efficient and integrated care among others. These changes are met with a variety of organizational arrangements which change the business setting of behavioral healthcare practices.

The purpose of this report is focused on the Business model of Behavioral Health in today’s healthcare setting and possible reasons which may contribute to different compensation methods in comparison with other healthcare services. In addition, a description of possible challenges likely to be experienced by healthcare providers who are operational in managed care environments will be provided. Also, this report will provide insight on the probability of managed care environment to support the provision of effective residential treatment to patients which enhances health outcomes Behavioral Health Essay. Lastly, possible recommendations will be provided regarding the best approaches to meeting clients’ needs and how to receive reimbursements from the same clients.

Behavioral Health Services in today’s Health Care Scenario

Behavioral health services range from the provision of mental health services to support and management of substance addictive disorders. Today’s Healthcare Scenario in behavioral health largely takes into consideration integrated care management approaches owing to the reforms in the setting where health care is organized, delivered and paid for (Oss, 2005). Besides, the acceptance and use of health information technology have also been an essential aspect in achieving behavioral health reform goals.

For this reason, Behavioral Health services are viewed as a profession since it consists of mental health experts who provide a variety of healthcare treatment approaches in depression, personality disorders, and substance-related addiction (Oss, 2005). These treatment approaches can also be provided by a behavioral health expert in assisting both nurses and doctors in patient management and related outcomes.

Behavioral health service tends to be different from the rest of the healthcare industry owing to its approach in ensuring patient outcomes. Behavioral health service methods largely consider a multidisciplinary approach in client management which caters for all the needs of a patient for effective outcomes (Moniz & Gorin, 2016). Essentially, other healthcare scenarios may only need the input of a single or two health experts in a specified healthcare filed or as a general practitioner to achieve timely and good patient healthcare outcomes. Behavioral healthcare ia extensive to the need of social services provision and exemplify the need for a multidisciplinary approach making it distinct in comparison to the rest of the healthcare industry Behavioral Health Essay.

Reasons behavioral healthcare may be reimbursed differently than any other healthcare services

Over the years when patients sought for behavioral healthcare services, in comparison to physical health care, the incidences of higher copayments as imposed by insurance were largely significant as it also affected service delivery. This disparity in funding between behavioral and physical health was evident and regarded by many healthcare providers and citizens as discriminatory and divisive (Covall, 2005). However, this discrimination was attributable to the insurance industry of the health sectors rather than societal or governmental actions. Even with the enactment of the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008, reimbursements in behavioral health still face a significant challenge Behavioral Health Essay.

The recent inequality that is likely to contribute to different reimbursement of behavioral healthcare is attributable to the increasing shortage of psychiatric hospital beds and closure of psychiatric hospital units. This is because, even with insurance coverage, it does not cater for the entire costs of patients on the mentioned units in comparison with the physical health care insurance which pays for up to 131% of costs (Rutigliano, 2010).

Owing to the underpayment pattern by clients who are not insured and public players with insurance overpayment to physical health, behavioral healthcare units continue to be underfunded with overpayments for costs of medical inpatient (Rutigliano, 2010). Behavioral Health Essay The trend of cost shifting has led to the closure of many behavioral health units. As a result, the burden of cost shifting is another reason that behavioral healthcare may be reimbursed differently than other healthcare services.

The major factors that ought to be addressed should ensure a reimbursement method that is not only reliable but also sustainable to meet the needs of both patients and behavioral health providers.  In addition, the health policies of the insurance industry ought to be addressed to address the burden of cost shifting (Moniz & Gorin, 2016). Lastly, the market forces in the healthcare industry ought to be addressed to prevent most behavioral health providers from leaving the profession for higher sources of income Behavioral Health Essay.

The Challenges Faced By Behavioral Healthcare Providers Who Operate In A Managed Care Environment

Some of the challenges that faced the behavioral healthcare providers who provide behavioral health services within a managed care environment are the sweeping changes that have rocked the administration and reimbursements of their services. These challenges have led to a profound effect in the management of the health facilities and the general practice of the clinical social workers (Rutigliano, 2010).  The role played by managed care companies in the delivery of behavioral healthcare service has also proven to be a major challenge to these entities. The rising costs of provisions of behavioral healthcare services that are associated with the rapid growth in the utilization of substance abuse and mental health services has also become a major challenge to these entities.

The areas of conflict between managed care providers and behavioral healthcare facilities are the delivery system that has reinforced mental health parity (Moniz & Gorin, 2016) Behavioral Health Essay. This reinforcement causes conflict when the behavioral health services are subjected to Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements, making it fall partly under the control of the managed care facilities.

Of all the conflicts between the two entities, the issue of reinforcing mental health parity is the most crucial. This is because it causes duplication of work, lack of clearly defines responsibilities and roles of the two entities and proper structures on how to manage the reimbursements form the financiers (Gregory, 2013). Thus, this is a conflict that may delay are hamper the effective delivery of residential treatments to the deserving customers. It is, therefore, a very crucial conflict that requires immediate attention to avert any possible adverse effect on the operations of the behavioral health service organization and the managed care organizations.

The Ability of the Managed Care Environment Be Able To Support the Services Required To Provide Effective Residential Treatment

The managed care environment has the potential to support the services deemed essential for the provision of effective residential treatment.  Form a personal opinion, the residential treatment facility will need drugs, psychosocial support, family support, healthcare intervention measures, civic education, and counseling so as to be able to provide the behavioral health services (Gregory, 2013). Managed Care environments possess the ability to offer all the required healthcare service for an effective residential treatment that will use ambulatory and specialty facilities which are necessary for the continuous provision of effective treatment to the patient. This, however, will only be possible under the Medicaid or Medicare services arrangement. (CMS, 2017).

With these facilities, it is anticipated that the residential treatment facility will be in a position to continue providing effective treatment while at the same time be eligible for the Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement. The shift from single based behavioral healthcare treatment approaches to a group based behavioral healthcare practices in gradually happening in the society and thus is inevitable (Covall, 2005). A good example is the Affordable Care Act which is bringing changes that clients have been seeking for Decades. All these make the Managed Care environment be able to support the services required to provide effective residential treatment (CMS, 2017) Behavioral Health Essay.

Conclusion

From this research, it can be concluded that the role played by managed care in the behavioral health industry is to provide an environment that will support the provision of behavioral health services. The research also showed that the managed care environment has the potential to support the services deemed essential for the provision of effective residential treatment. Managed care poses the ability to offer all the required health care service for an effective residential treatment which is necessary for the continuous provision of effective treatment as the patient continue to get reimbursement. These, however, will only be possible under the Medicaid or Medicare services arrangements.

Suppose a manager of a behavioral healthcare organization wants to achieve the provision of an effective residential treatment service, then it would be important to improve the Managed Care environment to make it support all the health care service required. These changes will ensure that general practice of the clinical social workers. Meet the expectation of the clients Behavioral Health Essay. Thus meeting the needs and expectation of the consumers. Besides, these changes in the manner of doing business at the behavioral healthcare organization will help the manager achieve the objective of providing behavioral health services as a profession. Besides, it would be important to align all the behavioral health service provided to meet the reimbursements schedule of both Medicare and Medicaid. In addition, it would be important to address all the sticky issues arising from the diverse population that benefits from the provision of the behavioral health services.

Equally, the manager of the Behavioral Health Organization will be forced to address all the challenges facing the entity by having clearly defined roles and responsibilities. This will also include eliminating all the conflicts that arise between behavioral healthcare providers and managed care to ensure smooth operation. As a result, the behavioral health facility will continue to operate with reimbursement for the services provided to the consumer Behavioral Health Essay.

 

References

Covall, M. (2005, January). Medicare prospective payment comes to psychiatric hospitals.

Behavioral Health Management, 25(1), 54–57.

Oss, M. E. (2005). What’s next for managed behavioral health? (Cover story). Behavioral Health

Management, 25(6), 11-14

CMS (2017). CMS covers 100 million people. Available at

https://www.cms.gov/
. Accessed on 29/10/2017

Rutigliano J (2010). Managed Care Trends And Mental Health Practice. Social Work

Today Vol. 10 No. 4 P. 8. July/August 2010 Issue.

Moniz, C., & Gorin, S. (2016).
Health and Mental Health Care Policy: A Biopsychosocial

Perspective
. 2nd ed. New York: Pearson Education, Inc.

Gregory Erickson (2013).
Managed Care and the Mental Health Professions:

History and Effects on Outpatient Care.
Student Journal of Psychology Copyright 2010 by the Department of Counseling & Clinical Psychology.2010, Vol. 12 Behavioral Health Essay

Causation and Correlation in the Healthcare Essay

Discuss examples of Causation vs Correlation in the Healthcare field. Watch the following video for more information related to Causation vs Correlation. 
https://www.
khanacademy.org/math/
probability/regression/
regression-correlation/v/
correlation-and-causality (
Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

References

Correlation and causality (n.d.). Khan Academy. Retrieved 13 April 2016 from 
https://www.khanacademy.
org/math/probability/
regression/regression-
correlation/v/correlation-and-
causality (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

Definition

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Correlation is a measure in statistics which is often expressed as a number which gives a description of the direction and size of a relationship that exists between two or more variables. However, the correlation that exists between variables does not guarantee that a change in a single variable is automatically the cause of change in the values of other variables. On the other hand, causation is a measure which reveals that a single event result to the occurrence of another (Kenny, 1999) Causation and Correlation in the Healthcare Essay.

Importance

While Correlation helps in the identification of the extent to which variables relates, causation enables further analysis in establishing whether, in this relation, a single action causes another (Kenny, 1999).

Examples in the Healthcare Field

Instituting causal relationships in the healthcare field has become an essential aspect in knowing disease etiology that provides the ability to outline effective treatments that can lead to a reduction in the burden of diseases.

Example 1

A reduction in dietary cholesterol reduces the risk of Cardiovascular Diseases.

According to a study review conducted in Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in 2011. Trials obtained from a study with 65,508 participants revealed that a reduction in saturated fat by reducing dietary cholesterol reduced cardiovascular disease risk by 14% (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, 2011).

The above study implies correlation such that, a decrease in saturated fat can be also be related to a decrease in dietary cholesterol Causation and Correlation in the Healthcare Essay. The implication, in this case, is that reducing saturated fat leads to a reduction in dietary cholesterol which directly relates to a reduction in risk of cardiovascular disease. Since this study shows correlation, it can be concluded that dietary cholesterol correlates with cardiovascular and vice versa.

Example 2

Long-term tobacco smoking increases Lung Cancer.

A case-control study in adults above 55 years conducted in different parts of New Zealand between 2001 and 2005 and published in PubMed revealed a relationship between tobacco smoking and lung cancer in young adults. For every joint-year of exposure to tobacco smoking, the risk of lung cancer approximately increased by 8% (Respir, 2008).

This case study implies how tobacco smoking causes lung cancer. In addition, the statement reveals the relationship that exists between long-term tobacco smoking and lung cancer. It can also be noted that, while tobacco smoking has a causal relationship with lung cancer, a correlation exists between long-term tobacco smoking, lung cancers and vice versa. Causation and Correlation in the Healthcare Essay.

 

References

Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (2011)
Reduced or modified Dietary fat for preventing cardiovascular disease
Available at
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4163969/
accessed on 24/10/20xx

Kenny, D. A. (1999) 
Correlation and causality
New York: J. Wiley.Bottom of Form

Respir E., (2008)
Cannabis Use and Risk of Lung Cancer
Available at  
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2516340/
Causation and Correlation in the Healthcare Essay