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  • [Solved] Physiology

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    could I please help with this assignment? **files (1)** – ## Week6and7.docx **## Week6and7.docx** Week 6 and 7 week 6: CBT-initial post on Discussion Board due by Wednesday at 11:45PM-weekly papers due on friday at 11:45PM a. Discuss the Aaron Beck’s cognitive therapy. What are the basic principles …

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    could I please help with this assignment?

    **files (1)**

    – ## Week6and7.docx

    **## Week6and7.docx**

    Week 6 and 7

    week 6: CBT-initial post on Discussion Board due by Wednesday at 11:45PM-weekly papers due on friday at 11:45PM a. Discuss the Aaron Beck’s cognitive therapy. What are the basic principles and goals of this form of therapy? b. Discuss the concept of a “collaborative relationship” in the CBT model. c. Discuss the application of exposure therapy for anxiety disorders. d. Discuss the strengths and limitations of CBT. This is due tomorrow

    week 7: Post Modern Therapies-initial post on Discussion Board due by Wednesday at 11:45PM-weekly papers due on friday at 11:45PM a Discuss solution-focused brief therapy. Describe key concepts and specific interventions including the use of the miracle question. b. Discuss narrative therapy. Describe key concepts and specific interventions. c. Discuss strengths and limitations of SFBT and Narrative therapy

    **## Week6and7.docx**

    Week 6 and 7

    week 6: CBT-initial post on Discussion Board due by Wednesday at 11:45PM-weekly papers due on friday at 11:45PM a. Discuss the Aaron Beck’s cognitive therapy. What are the basic principles and goals of this form of therapy? b. Discuss the concept of a “collaborative relationship” in the CBT model. c. Discuss the application of exposure therapy for anxiety disorders. d. Discuss the strengths and limitations of CBT. This is due tomorrow

    week 7: Post Modern Therapies-initial post on Discussion Board due by Wednesday at 11:45PM-weekly papers due on friday at 11:45PM a Discuss solution-focused brief therapy. Describe key concepts and specific interventions including the use of the miracle question. b. Discuss narrative therapy. Describe key concepts and specific interventions. c. Discuss strengths and limitations of SFBT and Narrative therapy

  • [Solved] Discussion

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    Please follow the instructions , No AI or ChatGPT **files (1)** – ## Topic_Week1_Discussion8.pdf **## Topic_Week1_Discussion8.pdf**   Due Feb 25 65 points Search entries or author… Newest First  Back to Week at a Glance (https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/211596/modules/items/91225 PUB…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    Please follow the instructions , No AI or ChatGPT

    **files (1)**

    – ## Topic_Week1_Discussion8.pdf

    **## Topic_Week1_Discussion8.pdf**





    Due Feb 25 65 points

    Search entries or author…

    Newest First

     Back to Week at a Glance
    (https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/211596/modules/items/91225

    PUBLIC RELATIONS TERMS
    While they are often confusing, the terms presented in the "Public Relations Terms" presentation
    provide a taxonomy of public relations practice. Each is a practice that serves to meet the goals
    and objectives of the organization. It is important to be able to differentiate not only the
    definitions, but also the appropriate use of the different forms. Each has a legitimate function in
    the professional practice of public relations.

    Using the Center for Media and Democracy and other news sources provided in the Weekly
    Resources under Weekly News Reviews, identify one example or incident of EACH element
    (press agentry, promotion, or sales and marketing).
    Using the examples or incident you identified from the news, post two to three paragraphs (at
    least 300 words) answering the following questions:

    Do you believe the organization's choice (press agentry, promotion, or sales and marketing)
    was appropriate for the situation? Why or why not?

    RESOURCES

    Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
    Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.

    WEEKLY RESOURCES

    (https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/211596/modules/items/9122509)

    BY DAY 3

    [https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/211596/modules/items/9122502](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/211596/modules/items/9122502)

    [https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/211596/modules/items/9122502](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/211596/modules/items/9122502)

    [https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/211596/modules/items/9122509](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/211596/modules/items/9122509)

    [https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/211596/modules/items/9122509](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/211596/modules/items/9122509)

    **## Topic_Week1_Discussion8.pdf**





    Due Feb 25 65 points

    Search entries or author…

    Newest First

     Back to Week at a Glance
    (https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/211596/modules/items/91225

    PUBLIC RELATIONS TERMS
    While they are often confusing, the terms presented in the "Public Relations Terms" presentation
    provide a taxonomy of public relations practice. Each is a practice that serves to meet the goals
    and objectives of the organization. It is important to be able to differentiate not only the
    definitions, but also the appropriate use of the different forms. Each has a legitimate function in
    the professional practice of public relations.

    Using the Center for Media and Democracy and other news sources provided in the Weekly
    Resources under Weekly News Reviews, identify one example or incident of EACH element
    (press agentry, promotion, or sales and marketing).
    Using the examples or incident you identified from the news, post two to three paragraphs (at
    least 300 words) answering the following questions:

    Do you believe the organization's choice (press agentry, promotion, or sales and marketing)
    was appropriate for the situation? Why or why not?

    RESOURCES

    Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
    Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.

    WEEKLY RESOURCES

    (https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/211596/modules/items/9122509)

    BY DAY 3

    [https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/211596/modules/items/9122502](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/211596/modules/items/9122502)

    [https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/211596/modules/items/9122502](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/211596/modules/items/9122502)

    [https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/211596/modules/items/9122509](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/211596/modules/items/9122509)

    [https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/211596/modules/items/9122509](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/211596/modules/items/9122509)

  • [Solved] assitant needed kk-F

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    please see attachment **files (1)** – ## qa.docx **## qa.docx** Question 11 options: What is the role of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board? | | | — | | | **Question 12** What is an example of _incentive_ as one of the three elements causing a person to commit…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    please see attachment

    **files (1)**

    – ## qa.docx

    **## qa.docx**

    Question 11 options:

    What is the role of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board?

    | |
    | — |
    | |

    **Question 12**

    What is an example of
    _incentive_ as one of the three elements causing a person to commit fraud?

    | |
    | — |
    | |

    **Question 13**(5 points)

    Why is it important to have a very sound and well-developed internal control structure?

    | |
    | — |
    | |
    | |

    **Question 14**(5 points)

    What is the purpose of the bank reconciliation?

    Question 14 options:

    | |
    | — |
    | |

    **Question 15**(5 points)

    What is the matching principle?

    Question 15 options:

    | |
    | — |
    | |

    **Question 16**(10 points)

    On January 1, a flower shop contracts with customers to provide flowers for their wedding on June 2. The total contract price is $3,000, payable in equal installments for the next six months on the first of each month (with the first payment due January 1). How much will be recorded as revenue during the month of April?

    Question 16 options:

    | |
    | — |
    | |

    **Question 17**(10 points)

    What are some possible negative signals when the product of the accounts receivable turnover ratio is lower (i.e., fewer times)?

    Question 17 options:

    | |
    | — |
    | |

    **Question 18**(10 points)

    What is the installment method?

    Question 18 options:

    | |
    | — |
    | |

    **Question 19**(10 points)

    What should be done if differences are found between the bank statement and the book account?

    Question 19 options:

    | |
    | — |
    | |

    **Question 20**(5 points)

    Why is it important to have a petty cash fund available in a company?

    Question 20 options:

    | |
    | — |
    | |

    **Question 21**(5 points)

    Discuss the importance of a company having proper insurance and bonding its employees.

    Question 21 options:

    | |
    | — |
    | |

    **Question 22**(5 points)

    What are the two most common receivables ratios, and what do these ratios tell a stakeholder about the company?

    Question 22 options:

    | |
    | — |
    | |

    **## qa.docx**

    Question 11 options:

    What is the role of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board?

    | |
    | — |
    | |

    **Question 12**

    What is an example of
    _incentive_ as one of the three elements causing a person to commit fraud?

    | |
    | — |
    | |

    **Question 13**(5 points)

    Why is it important to have a very sound and well-developed internal control structure?

    | |
    | — |
    | |
    | |

    **Question 14**(5 points)

    What is the purpose of the bank reconciliation?

    Question 14 options:

    | |
    | — |
    | |

    **Question 15**(5 points)

    What is the matching principle?

    Question 15 options:

    | |
    | — |
    | |

    **Question 16**(10 points)

    On January 1, a flower shop contracts with customers to provide flowers for their wedding on June 2. The total contract price is $3,000, payable in equal installments for the next six months on the first of each month (with the first payment due January 1). How much will be recorded as revenue during the month of April?

    Question 16 options:

    | |
    | — |
    | |

    **Question 17**(10 points)

    What are some possible negative signals when the product of the accounts receivable turnover ratio is lower (i.e., fewer times)?

    Question 17 options:

    | |
    | — |
    | |

    **Question 18**(10 points)

    What is the installment method?

    Question 18 options:

    | |
    | — |
    | |

    **Question 19**(10 points)

    What should be done if differences are found between the bank statement and the book account?

    Question 19 options:

    | |
    | — |
    | |

    **Question 20**(5 points)

    Why is it important to have a petty cash fund available in a company?

    Question 20 options:

    | |
    | — |
    | |

    **Question 21**(5 points)

    Discuss the importance of a company having proper insurance and bonding its employees.

    Question 21 options:

    | |
    | — |
    | |

    **Question 22**(5 points)

    What are the two most common receivables ratios, and what do these ratios tell a stakeholder about the company?

    Question 22 options:

    | |
    | — |
    | |

  • [Solved] brumsey

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    This assignment can involve as much creativity, or as little, as you want. And you are welcome to submit it in any format that you can upload as long as your point is clear. . Make a chart in Microsoft Word. Construct a relationship tree/chart and demonstrate the relationship between the disciplines…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    This  assignment can involve as much creativity, or as little, as you want.  And you are welcome to submit it in any format that you can upload as  long as your point is clear. . Make a  chart in Microsoft Word.

    Construct a relationship tree/chart and demonstrate the relationship  between the disciplines that you have focused on or intend to focus on  as part of your Interdisciplinary Studies degree. How are they related?  How do they connect together? What larger areas are they part of? Use  the disciplinary trees that I provided as a model and to help you think  out these relationships.

  • [Solved] holistic nursing

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    how is holistic care tied to pathophysiology, pharmacology and physical assessment

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    how is holistic care tied to pathophysiology, pharmacology and physical assessment

  • [Solved] discussion post 1

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    In this module, you begin laying the foundation for your academic and professional success. Your efforts begin with a vision that includes your own definition of success. Your vision may vary from those of your colleagues, but this does not mean you have to take these first steps alone. Walden Unive…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    In this module, you begin laying the foundation for your academic and professional success. Your efforts begin with a vision that includes your own definition of success. Your vision may vary from those of your colleagues, but this does not mean you have to take these first steps alone.

    Walden University and the College of Nursing also have a vision and mission, which include helping you to make your own vision a reality. Members of your new academic community, such as faculty, support teams, and fellow students, can also be helpful. Current practitioners and other member of the professional community can also help you to clarify your vision.

    This Module’s Discussion asks you to consider how the walden mission and vision as well as the College of Nursing's mission and vision apply to your professional and academic goals. You will also begin to identify individuals and teams who can help you along the way as you begin designing the “blueprint”—your Academic Success and Professional Development Plan—that will guide you toward your own vision for academic and professional success. Finally, you will explain the importance of networking and how it can help you achieve your professional and academic goals.I hope that you are excited to begin our course!! I wanted to send you a “tips for success” message to help you be successful in our course discussions.

    I have provided the rubric below for you to review and I want to point out that each discussion initial response requires **3 scholarly sources** with in-text and reference citations to show how the literature was used to support your writing. Then each peer response requires **2 scholarly sources** with in-text and reference citations to show how the literature was used to support your writing. Without these resources, there will be a substantial point deduction (down to 81 points) and this is a common place where points are lost

    – [\
    \
    walden.png](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/walden-png-10502573 "walden.png")

  • [Solved] Appraisal

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    In-depth study guidance and analytical solution covering Appraisal.

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    Full assignment prompt and step-by-step guidance are included in the downloadable solution file.

  • [Solved] lilly

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    Please see attachment **files (1)** – ## Task1Component12InvestigatePrepare.docx **## Task1Component12InvestigatePrepare.docx** I am a grad student as well as a Middle School Science teacher. For this assignment, you will submit **Artifact 1 from Task 1 of the North Carolina Principal Portfolio**. A…

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    Please see attachment

    **files (1)**

    – ## Task1Component12InvestigatePrepare.docx

    **## Task1Component12InvestigatePrepare.docx**

    I am a grad student as well as a Middle School Science teacher.

    For this assignment, you will submit
    **Artifact 1 from Task 1 of the North Carolina Principal Portfolio**. Artifact 1 is developed through the successful completion of
    **Component 1: Investigate** and
    **Component 2** of Task 1. This submission documents your data analysis, identification of a priority academic area, and preparation work that informs your improvement plan.

    Please note:
    **Submission of Artifact 1 in this course results in full assignment credit** and confirms completion of course requirements.
    **This submission does not indicate proficiency or scoring status** for the official NC Principal Portfolio, which will be evaluated separately by the state.

    **Required Preparation**

    Before submitting Artifact 1, you must complete the following:

    1.
    **Review the NC Principal Portfolio Website**
    Access and review the official NC Principal Portfolio resources at:

    [https://www.nc.nesinc.com/TestView.aspx?f=HTML_FRAG/NCPPA_TestPage.html Links to an external site.](https://www.nc.nesinc.com/TestView.aspx?f=HTML_FRAG/NCPPA_TestPage.html)

    2.
    [**Read the Entire Task 1 Description**](https://ecsu.instructure.com/courses/5412/files/2479688?wrap=1) [Download Read the Entire Task 1 Description](https://ecsu.instructure.com/courses/5412/files/2479688/download?download_frd=1)
    Carefully read all sections of Task 1 to understand how the components connect and how Artifact 1 fits into the overall task.

    3.
    **Review Component 1: Investigate**
    Ensure you have completed all required elements, including:

    · Analysis of three to five years of quantitative and qualitative data

    · Identification of a priority academic area

    · Identification of a target student group

    · Alignment with school or district goals

    4.
    **Review Component 2: Prepare**
    Confirm that you have completed the required preparation work, including:

    · Additional quantitative and qualitative data collection

    · Analysis of contributing factors

    · Documentation of existing programs and practices

    · Stakeholder input related to needs, gaps, and proposed strategies

    All work should follow the
    **official NC Principal Portfolio Task 1 guidance**, prompts, and expectations.

    **Assignment Submission**

    ·
    **What to Submit:** Artifact 1 from NC Principal Portfolio Task 1

    ·
    **Format:** Submit as a single document following NC Portfolio formatting guidelines

    ·
    **Submission Method:** Upload to the assignment link in the course LMS

    **Grading and Feedback**

    · This assignment is graded on
    **completion**.

    · Submission of Artifact 1 by the deadline will result in
    **full points** for the assignment.

    · Completion of this assignment does
    **not** indicate proficiency or a passing score for the official NC Principal Portfolio.

    ·
    **_Academic Integrity Notice:_** _You must complete_
    _**all work independently**. Do_
    _**not** use AI services or other external assistance to generate your submission. All submitted work will be reviewed using AI detection tools to ensure originality, and violations may be considered academic misconduct._

    **## Task1Component12InvestigatePrepare.docx**

    I am a grad student as well as a Middle School Science teacher.

    For this assignment, you will submit
    **Artifact 1 from Task 1 of the North Carolina Principal Portfolio**. Artifact 1 is developed through the successful completion of
    **Component 1: Investigate** and
    **Component 2** of Task 1. This submission documents your data analysis, identification of a priority academic area, and preparation work that informs your improvement plan.

    Please note:
    **Submission of Artifact 1 in this course results in full assignment credit** and confirms completion of course requirements.
    **This submission does not indicate proficiency or scoring status** for the official NC Principal Portfolio, which will be evaluated separately by the state.

    **Required Preparation**

    Before submitting Artifact 1, you must complete the following:

    1.
    **Review the NC Principal Portfolio Website**
    Access and review the official NC Principal Portfolio resources at:

    [https://www.nc.nesinc.com/TestView.aspx?f=HTML_FRAG/NCPPA_TestPage.html Links to an external site.](https://www.nc.nesinc.com/TestView.aspx?f=HTML_FRAG/NCPPA_TestPage.html)

    2.
    [**Read the Entire Task 1 Description**](https://ecsu.instructure.com/courses/5412/files/2479688?wrap=1) [Download Read the Entire Task 1 Description](https://ecsu.instructure.com/courses/5412/files/2479688/download?download_frd=1)
    Carefully read all sections of Task 1 to understand how the components connect and how Artifact 1 fits into the overall task.

    3.
    **Review Component 1: Investigate**
    Ensure you have completed all required elements, including:

    · Analysis of three to five years of quantitative and qualitative data

    · Identification of a priority academic area

    · Identification of a target student group

    · Alignment with school or district goals

    4.
    **Review Component 2: Prepare**
    Confirm that you have completed the required preparation work, including:

    · Additional quantitative and qualitative data collection

    · Analysis of contributing factors

    · Documentation of existing programs and practices

    · Stakeholder input related to needs, gaps, and proposed strategies

    All work should follow the
    **official NC Principal Portfolio Task 1 guidance**, prompts, and expectations.

    **Assignment Submission**

    ·
    **What to Submit:** Artifact 1 from NC Principal Portfolio Task 1

    ·
    **Format:** Submit as a single document following NC Portfolio formatting guidelines

    ·
    **Submission Method:** Upload to the assignment link in the course LMS

    **Grading and Feedback**

    · This assignment is graded on
    **completion**.

    · Submission of Artifact 1 by the deadline will result in
    **full points** for the assignment.

    · Completion of this assignment does
    **not** indicate proficiency or a passing score for the official NC Principal Portfolio.

    ·
    **_Academic Integrity Notice:_** _You must complete_
    _**all work independently**. Do_
    _**not** use AI services or other external assistance to generate your submission. All submitted work will be reviewed using AI detection tools to ensure originality, and violations may be considered academic misconduct._

  • [Solved] YULE HCI- PP

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    Each student will develop a scholarly presentation using Microsoft PowerPoint to inform peers/colleagues of **“the importance of informatics and health technologies in nursing practice”**. This presentation must be 15 slides long (not counting references and cover slide) and contain a minimum of 8 c…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    Each student will develop a scholarly presentation using Microsoft PowerPoint to inform peers/colleagues of **“the importance of informatics and health technologies in nursing practice”**.

    This presentation must be 15 slides long (not counting references and cover slide) and contain a minimum of 8 citations.

    All slides must have speaker notes

    All slides must have proper amount of information, not just 2 sentences or few bullet points , must be condensed with information

    ALL SLIDE IN APA FORMAT PLEASE

    NO MORE THAN 10% PLAGIO WILL BE SUBMITTED VIA TURNITIN

    DUE DATE FEBRUARY 21, 2026

    – [\
    \
    HCIPPINTSTRUCTIONS.pdf](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/hcippintstructions-pdf "HCIPPINTSTRUCTIONS.pdf")
    – [\
    \
    HCIPPRUBRIC.pdf](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/hcipprubric-pdf "HCIPPRUBRIC.pdf")

  • [Solved] DRR

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    **files (3)** – ## cholera.pptx – Screenshot_20260219_234841_Chrome.jpg – Yellowfever-Aclimate-drivenviralthreat.pptx **## cholera.pptx** Cholera Bio212: Microbiology Courtney Ziegler Topics Organism that causes Cholera Pathway of disease process Symptoms of Cholera Treatment of Cholera Climate c…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    **files (3)**

    – ## cholera.pptx

    – Screenshot_20260219_234841_Chrome.jpg
    – Yellowfever-Aclimate-drivenviralthreat.pptx

    **## cholera.pptx**

    Cholera

    Bio212: Microbiology

    Courtney Ziegler

    Topics

    Organism that causes Cholera

    Pathway of disease process

    Symptoms of Cholera

    Treatment of Cholera

    Climate change and the impacts on Cholera in the future

    Whats being done/could be done to improve disease management in the future

    Microorganism causing cholera

    V. cholerae under microscope

    The microbe that causes Cholera is Vibrio cholerae. It is a comma-shaped bacterium that is gram-negative. V cholerae are propelled by a single polar flagellum and are highly motile(Rodriguez et al., 2024).

    Key points:

    Cholera cause is a bacteria

    It is comma-shaped

    Propelled by a single flagellum

    Pathway of cholera

    Organism enters the body via contaminated water, shellfish, or fecal contaminated source

    Once in small intestine it colonizes and cholera toxin is produced

    Adenosine monophosphate forms inhibiting microvilli from absorbing chloride and sodium

    Travels to stomach, large inoculum size needed to survive in stomach acid

    Crypt cells excrete chloride and water resulting in diarrhea and vomiting

    Signs and symptoms

    The symptoms of this disease are often nonexistent or very mild. Diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps are common symptoms. One in ten individuals develop severe symptoms which can lead to severe dehydration or shock (Cholera,2025).

    5

    treatment

    Treatment includes rehydration therapies such as oral electrolyte solution, or IV therapy, or antibiotics. Prevention includes improving water, sanitation and hygiene practices, access to safe water, and vaccination (World Health Organization: WHO & World Health Organization: WHO, 2024).

    Climate change and the future

    Climate change has the potential to influence the transmission of cholera through rising temperatures and an increase in natural disasters. Elevated temperatures impact water concentration and salinity, creating conditions that enhance cholera’s survival. Warmer water temperatures further support the bacterium’s persistence. Additionally, natural disasters can severely damage local water sanitation facilities, exacerbating the risk of limited access to clean water (De Magny & Colwell, 2009). Taken together, these factors suggest that the cholera crisis is likely to intensify and become more widespread as climate change progresses.

    References

    Cholera. (2025, May 29). Cholera.
    [https://www.cdc.gov/cholera/about/index.html](https://www.cdc.gov/cholera/about/index.html)

    De Magny, G. C., & Colwell, R. R. (2009). Cholera and climate: a demonstrated relationship.
    [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2744514/](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2744514/)

    Rodriguez, J. a. O., Hashmi, M. F., & Kahwaji, C. I. (2024, May 1). Vibrio cholerae Infection. StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526099

    World Health Organization: WHO & World Health Organization: WHO. (2024, December 5). Cholera.
    [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cholera](https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cholera)

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    **Screenshot_20260219_234841_Chrome.jpg**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/screenshot-20260219-234841-chrome-jpg)

    **Yellowfever-Aclimate-drivenviralthreat.pptx**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/yellowfever-aclimate-drivenviralthreat-pptx)

    **Yellowfever-Aclimate-drivenviralthreat.pptx**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/yellowfever-aclimate-drivenviralthreat-pptx)

    **## cholera.pptx**

    Cholera

    Bio212: Microbiology

    Courtney Ziegler

    Topics

    Organism that causes Cholera

    Pathway of disease process

    Symptoms of Cholera

    Treatment of Cholera

    Climate change and the impacts on Cholera in the future

    Whats being done/could be done to improve disease management in the future

    Microorganism causing cholera

    V. cholerae under microscope

    The microbe that causes Cholera is Vibrio cholerae. It is a comma-shaped bacterium that is gram-negative. V cholerae are propelled by a single polar flagellum and are highly motile(Rodriguez et al., 2024).

    Key points:

    Cholera cause is a bacteria

    It is comma-shaped

    Propelled by a single flagellum

    Pathway of cholera

    Organism enters the body via contaminated water, shellfish, or fecal contaminated source

    Once in small intestine it colonizes and cholera toxin is produced

    Adenosine monophosphate forms inhibiting microvilli from absorbing chloride and sodium

    Travels to stomach, large inoculum size needed to survive in stomach acid

    Crypt cells excrete chloride and water resulting in diarrhea and vomiting

    Signs and symptoms

    The symptoms of this disease are often nonexistent or very mild. Diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps are common symptoms. One in ten individuals develop severe symptoms which can lead to severe dehydration or shock (Cholera,2025).

    5

    treatment

    Treatment includes rehydration therapies such as oral electrolyte solution, or IV therapy, or antibiotics. Prevention includes improving water, sanitation and hygiene practices, access to safe water, and vaccination (World Health Organization: WHO & World Health Organization: WHO, 2024).

    Climate change and the future

    Climate change has the potential to influence the transmission of cholera through rising temperatures and an increase in natural disasters. Elevated temperatures impact water concentration and salinity, creating conditions that enhance cholera’s survival. Warmer water temperatures further support the bacterium’s persistence. Additionally, natural disasters can severely damage local water sanitation facilities, exacerbating the risk of limited access to clean water (De Magny & Colwell, 2009). Taken together, these factors suggest that the cholera crisis is likely to intensify and become more widespread as climate change progresses.

    References

    Cholera. (2025, May 29). Cholera.
    [https://www.cdc.gov/cholera/about/index.html](https://www.cdc.gov/cholera/about/index.html)

    De Magny, G. C., & Colwell, R. R. (2009). Cholera and climate: a demonstrated relationship.
    [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2744514/](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2744514/)

    Rodriguez, J. a. O., Hashmi, M. F., & Kahwaji, C. I. (2024, May 1). Vibrio cholerae Infection. StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526099

    World Health Organization: WHO & World Health Organization: WHO. (2024, December 5). Cholera.
    [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cholera](https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cholera)

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    ## image1.jpeg

    ## image3.jpeg

    ## image4.html

    ## image5.jpeg

    ## image6.jpeg

    **Screenshot_20260219_234841_Chrome.jpg**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/screenshot-20260219-234841-chrome-jpg)

    **Yellowfever-Aclimate-drivenviralthreat.pptx**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/yellowfever-aclimate-drivenviralthreat-pptx)

    **## cholera.pptx**

    Cholera

    Bio212: Microbiology

    Courtney Ziegler

    Topics

    Organism that causes Cholera

    Pathway of disease process

    Symptoms of Cholera

    Treatment of Cholera

    Climate change and the impacts on Cholera in the future

    Whats being done/could be done to improve disease management in the future

    Microorganism causing cholera

    V. cholerae under microscope

    The microbe that causes Cholera is Vibrio cholerae. It is a comma-shaped bacterium that is gram-negative. V cholerae are propelled by a single polar flagellum and are highly motile(Rodriguez et al., 2024).

    Key points:

    Cholera cause is a bacteria

    It is comma-shaped

    Propelled by a single flagellum

    Pathway of cholera

    Organism enters the body via contaminated water, shellfish, or fecal contaminated source

    Once in small intestine it colonizes and cholera toxin is produced

    Adenosine monophosphate forms inhibiting microvilli from absorbing chloride and sodium

    Travels to stomach, large inoculum size needed to survive in stomach acid

    Crypt cells excrete chloride and water resulting in diarrhea and vomiting

    Signs and symptoms

    The symptoms of this disease are often nonexistent or very mild. Diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps are common symptoms. One in ten individuals develop severe symptoms which can lead to severe dehydration or shock (Cholera,2025).

    5

    treatment

    Treatment includes rehydration therapies such as oral electrolyte solution, or IV therapy, or antibiotics. Prevention includes improving water, sanitation and hygiene practices, access to safe water, and vaccination (World Health Organization: WHO & World Health Organization: WHO, 2024).

    Climate change and the future

    Climate change has the potential to influence the transmission of cholera through rising temperatures and an increase in natural disasters. Elevated temperatures impact water concentration and salinity, creating conditions that enhance cholera’s survival. Warmer water temperatures further support the bacterium’s persistence. Additionally, natural disasters can severely damage local water sanitation facilities, exacerbating the risk of limited access to clean water (De Magny & Colwell, 2009). Taken together, these factors suggest that the cholera crisis is likely to intensify and become more widespread as climate change progresses.

    References

    Cholera. (2025, May 29). Cholera.
    [https://www.cdc.gov/cholera/about/index.html](https://www.cdc.gov/cholera/about/index.html)

    De Magny, G. C., & Colwell, R. R. (2009). Cholera and climate: a demonstrated relationship.
    [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2744514/](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2744514/)

    Rodriguez, J. a. O., Hashmi, M. F., & Kahwaji, C. I. (2024, May 1). Vibrio cholerae Infection. StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526099

    World Health Organization: WHO & World Health Organization: WHO. (2024, December 5). Cholera.
    [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cholera](https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cholera)

    ## image2.png

    ## image1.jpeg

    ## image3.jpeg

    ## image4.html

    ## image5.jpeg

    ## image6.jpeg

    **Screenshot_20260219_234841_Chrome.jpg**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/screenshot-20260219-234841-chrome-jpg)

    **Yellowfever-Aclimate-drivenviralthreat.pptx**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/yellowfever-aclimate-drivenviralthreat-pptx)