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2. Mr. King suggested to Ms. Nakamura that she use stickers that can be traded for free time to help Maria, one of her kindergarten students who becomes easily frustrated and cries a lot when asked to work independently. Ms. Nakamura decides to give Maria a sticker whenever she works independently for several minutes and reports that she doesn’t think Maria is crying as much and that the program seems to be working. She thanks Mr. King for his help. Is Ms. Nakamura practicing applied behavior analysis? Does it matter? Should Mr. King tell her?

Part 1: Religion, Science, the Past, the Future
Sir James G. Frazer viewed some societies as “primitive” and others as “developed.” He argued that in so-called “primitive” societies, people commonly believe in concepts of magic, witchcraft, and other supernatural forces. In contrast, Frazer argued that so-called “developed” societies believe in
science
(
rather than
religion). As we have learned, Frazer was not alone in drawing a distinction between “primitive” and “advanced” beliefs; other early anthropologists also saw a sharp divide between primitive societies (who were “religious” or “superstitious”) and modern societies (who are “rational” or “scientific”).
In our class, however, we have challenged the perspectives of Frazer and other early anthropologists. Specifically, we have observed that ALL cultures have their own concepts of the supernatural (religion).
Assignment/Question Prompt
In our course, how have we challenged the perspectives discussed above, that Frazer and other early anthropologists advocated for?
Part 2: If You Had to Be an Animist
Introduction
In our course, we have considered a variety of worldviews that involve believing in supernatural forces. One of these was “animism,” an extremely broad and extremely old category of religious beliefs.
We also saw a variety of worldviews that involve believing in supernatural forces, but in which
believers did not recognize that their worldview was supernatural.
In other words, we repeatedly saw that
you can believe in the supernatural and never realize it.
We even looked at ”
our own culture
,” several times, making the case that there are supernatural beliefs in the contemporary United States where we least expect to find them (outside of churches, temples, mosques, and other “religious” spaces). As a category of supernatural beliefs, it seems that animism is, in fact, all around us.
Questions
IN YOUR OWN WORDS, explain what makes a worldview “animist” (define animism).
THEN, start with the assumption that you
do
have
some
animistic beliefs, whether you previously realized you had them or not. Explain one way that your own worldview or beliefs could be seen as animistic. Be sure to provide a clear example to illustrate your point.
Each question needs to be 200 words. No research required.