In the 6th week I thought I faced all possible accident or issue as a school nurse I supposed to know and how to handle any issue. It was interesting that every week I face new situation that needs different intervention. During my 6th week, a 3rd grade boy came to nursing office with his right hand in hard cast. He got broken bone during weekend as he was playing soccer with his dad. He complained of pain in his fingers that he can’t bend them. I looked at his fingers and the first thing that came to my mind was that he most likely suffering of possible ‘compartment syndrome”. After 4 days being in cast, he got severe pain , swelling fingers without any sensation and bluish color. I talked to my preceptor and immediately called his mom and informed her that this is emergency situation and immediately needs intervene to save his hands of getting permanent damage. Another new case I would like to talk about it is a 7th grade student just diagnosed with Crohn’s disease. My preceptor and I had meeting with his parents, school psychologist, and assistant principal to discuss his situation and come up with a care plan for him during remaining days of school year. I shared all my info about Crohn’s disease and how to help the patient based on what I learned in peds and medsurg class. It was really good experience since I noticed how the parents of the student was happy that their son would be supported and cared by the school staff and even considered extra tutoring for him in case he couldn’t attend all days at school. That diagnosis was new and he needed lots of labs and procedures like colonoscopy which may caused him to miss few schooldays. Even I felt good that I can help even very small and show my interest to care for their son as much as I can. Both those scenarios were very good and positive experiences to me, it proved me that whatever I learned in nursing school I can use them in real patient and help them. My other intervention that at first I thought it was negative, but at the end I realized I did right thing and turned to be positive is about a fourth grade boy who needs straight cath every day 2 times. Finally he allowed me to supervise him in bathroom when he does straight cath for himself. He did it right, but after he finished it, he refused to flush the toilet and throw the tubes in garbage can. He said you have to do it. I did it, but kind of surprised why during 2 years he does this to himself with supervision of the nurse, never he did this simple thing by himself. I asked my preceptor about that and she told me because I always flush the toilet for him and throw the tube in garbage. I said respectfully to her that I think he should do it by himself , he is 10 years old and need to learn as much as independent as possible. Flushing the toilet is part of this process and when he does the harder part like self straight cath for himself , he can throw it in garbage can or flush the toilet. Of course I didn’t mean to be mean to a 10 years old boy, I just want to help him in a right way. When I brought this issue with the school nurse, I kind of regretted that I wish wouldn’t say that. My preceptor accept my suggestion and next time asked the boy to do those I noticed. Now it is a habit for him and after he is done , he flushes and throw the tube in garbage can. The nurse told me how she is happy that he is doing everything independently. So I felt I did something right by bringing this to her attention, even she is really experienced school nurse and has over a decade experience and also deeply cares for all students, but sometimes we forget something and a small respectful reminder would be beneficial. It is very important to not resist against the truth. I appreciate my preceptor for her great personality and being open mind. Those were my new experiences that should address them in my reflection paper. Reflection Capstone Paper
Health care cost and quality relationship analysis essay assignment paper
In a paper of 500-1,000 words, describe the relationship between health care cost and quality. Address the following:
Select one public agency and one private agency and differentiate their roles and major activities in addressing cost and quality in health care. See Topic 4 readings for sources regarding health care agencies.
Analyze current and projected initiatives to improve quality while simultaneously controlling costs. Describe any unintended consequences. Health care cost and quality relationship analysis essay assignment paper
Synthesize implications for staff nurses and advanced practice nurses, including evidence-based practice, relative to cost and quality.
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Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. Health care cost and quality relationship analysis essay assignment paper.
Cost and Quality Analysis
1
Unsatisfactory
0.00%
2
Less than Satisfactory
80.00%
3
Satisfactory
88.00%
4
Good
92.00%
5
Excellent
100.00%
75.0 %Content
Health care cost and quality relationship analysis essay assignment paper
10.0 %Describe the relationship between health care cost and quality.
Does not describe the relationship between health care cost and quality.
Describes issues related to health care cost and health care quality, but does not discuss the relationship between the two.
Describes the relationship between health care cost and quality, but is insufficiently developed.
Adequately describes the relationship between health care cost and quality. There are few inconsistencies. Few examples given.
Fully describes the relationship between health care cost and quality with no inconsistencies. Clear examples given.
20.0 %Differentiate the roles and major activities between one public and one private agency in addressing cost and quality in healthcare.
Does not discuss the roles and major activities of public or private agencies in addressing cost and quality in health care. Health care cost and quality relationship analysis essay assignment paper
Discusses either the roles or the major activities of one public and one private agency in cost and quality in health care, but not both.
Discusses, but does not differentiate the roles and major activities of one public and one private agency in addressing cost and quality in health care.
Differentiates the roles and major activities between one public and one private agency in addressing cost and quality in health care, but is insufficiently developed. Minimal use of examples, supporting details, or references.
Clearly and systematically differentiates the roles and major activities between one public and one private agency in addressing cost and quality in health care utilizing references, examples, and supporting details.
20.0 %Analyze current and projected initiatives to improve quality while simultaneously controlling costs. Describe any unintended consequences.
Does not discuss current and projected initiatives to improve quality while simultaneously controlling costs. Does not describe any unintended consequences.
Discusses either current or projected initiatives to improve quality while simultaneously controlling costs, but not both. Does not describe unintended consequences.
Discusses current and projected initiatives to improve quality while simultaneously controlling costs. Does not describe any unintended consequences.
Partially analyzes current and projected initiatives to improve quality while simultaneously controlling costs. Minimally describes unintended consequences.
Comprehensively analyzes current and projected initiatives to improve quality while simultaneously controlling costs. Fully describes unintended consequences. Clear examples given.
20.0 %Synthesize implications for staff nurses and advanced practice nurses, including evidence-based practice, relative to cost and quality.
Does not address any implications for staff nurses and advanced practice nurses, or evidence-based practice, relative to cost and quality. Health care cost and quality relationship analysis essay assignment paper
Discusses implications for either staff nurses or advanced practice nurses relative to cost and quality, but not both. Does not consistently address evidence-based practice.
Discusses implications for staff nurses and advanced practice nurses relative to cost and quality. Briefly addresses evidence-based practice. No examples given.
Synthesizes implications for staff nurses and advanced practice nurses, including evidence-based practice, relative to cost and quality; insufficiently developed. Provides examples, but some inconsistencies present.
Comprehensively synthesizes implications for staff nurses and advanced practice nurses, including evidence-based practice, relative to cost and quality. Clear examples given with no inconsistencies.
5.0 %Paragraph Development and Transitions Style
Paragraphs and transitions consistently lack unity and coherence. No apparent connections between paragraphs. Transitions are inappropriate to purpose and scope. Organization is disjointed.
Some paragraphs and transitions may lack logical progression of ideas, unity, coherence, and/or cohesiveness. Some degree of organization is evident. Health care cost and quality relationship analysis essay assignment paper
Paragraphs are generally competent, but ideas may show some inconsistency in organization and/or in their relationships to each other.
A logical progression of ideas between paragraphs is apparent. Paragraphs exhibit a unity, coherence, and cohesiveness. Topic sentences and concluding remarks are used as appropriate to purpose, discipline, and scope.
There is a sophisticated construction of paragraphs and transitions. Ideas universally progress and relate to each other. The writer has been careful to use paragraph and transition construction to guide the reader. Paragraph structure is seamless. Individually and collectively, paragraphs are coherent and cohesive ? they ?sparkle.?
10.0 %Organization and Effectiveness
Health care cost and quality relationship analysis essay assignment paper
5.0 %Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, and grammar)
Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning.
Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors that distract the reader.
Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but are not overly distracting to the reader.
Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present.
Writer is clearly in control of standard, written American English.
5.0 %Language Use and Audience Awareness (includes sentence construction, word choice, etc.)
Inappropriate word choice and/or sentence construction, lack of variety in language use. Writer appears to be unaware of audience. Use of ?primer prose? indicates writer either does not apply figures of speech or uses them inappropriately.
Some distracting inconsistencies in language choice (register), sentence structure, and/or word choice are present. Sentence structure may be occasionally ineffective or inappropriate. The writer exhibits some lack of control in using figures of speech appropriately.
Sentence structure is correct and occasionally varies. Language is appropriate to the targeted audience for the most part.
The writer is clearly aware of audience; uses a variety of sentence structures and appropriate vocabulary for the target audience, and uses figures of speech to communicate clearly.
The writer uses a variety of sentence constructions, figures of speech, and word choice in unique and creative ways that are appropriate to purpose, discipline, and scope.
15.0 %Format
10.0 %Evaluating and Documenting Sources (includes use of appropriate style, correct citation format in-text and in reference section
Plagiarism; rarely follows any documentation format correctly; uses non-credible sources. No References section. Health care cost and quality relationship analysis essay assignment paper
Uses documentation, but frequent formatting/citation errors are present; some sources have questionable credibility. Reference section is not correctly cited.
Sources used are credible and documented appropriately to the discipline; formatting and citation is usually correct, but some lack of control is apparent. Reference section is correctly cited.
Documentation is appropriate and formatting/citations are correct, although a few errors/typos may be present; most sources are authoritative. Reference section is correctly cited. Health care cost and quality relationship analysis essay assignment paper
There are virtually no errors in documentation format or citation; all sources are authoritative. Reference section is correctly cited and at least 3 references are used
3.0 %Title page
No title page.
None. Health care cost and quality relationship analysis essay assignment paper
Title page is incomplete or inaccurate.
Title page has minor errors.
Title page is complete.
2.0 %Page constraint
Information presented does not meet minimum assigned length of 500 words.
None
Information presented exceeds 1000 words.
None
Information is presented within word limit constraints of 1000 words.
100 %Total Weightage
Health care cost and quality relationship analysis essay assignment paper
This is a Collaborative Learning Community (CLC) assignment.
Create a PowerPoint presentation of 2 slides in which you compare the pros and cons of continuing nursing education related to the following:
Impact on knowledge and attitudes. 2 power slides comparing pros and cons
Relationship to ANA Code of Ethics. 2 power slides comparing pros and cons
Take a position with your CLC group: Should continuing nursing education be mandatory for all nurses? Support your position with rationale.
The position taken is mandatory- provide short essay that talks on mandatory mandatory position with rationales. A minimum of three scholarly sources are required for this assignment.
While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. Collaborative Learning Community (CLC) assignment
Impact of legal and regulatory policy on decision making and strategy development in healthcare organizations
Select a real or hypothetical type of health care organization, and address the following:
Identify the market sector your organization falls into (mass market or niche services). How does the population health approach to health care rather than the curative approach affect service delivery and management in your organization?
Assess common health care leadership issues (e.g., organizational climate, teamwork, coaching, and so on) and their impact on stakeholders.
Discuss the ethical and legal issues that may be found in the health care organization of your choice.
Provide at least 3 suggestions to minimize negative outcomes and maximize the positive outcomes of leadership intervention in areas such as staffing, financing, competition, regulations, and public image.
Critically evaluate the efficacy of management practices in a contemporary healthcare organization
Evaluate the impact of legal and regulatory policy on decision making and strategy development in healthcare organizations
Impact of legal and regulatory policy on decision making and strategy development in healthcare organizations
When completing practicum requirements in clinical settings, you and your Preceptor might complete several patient assessments in the course of a day or even just a few hours. This schedule does not always allow for a thorough discussion or reflection on every patient you have seen. As a future advanced practice nurse, it is important that you take the time to reflect on a comprehensive patient assessment that includes everything from patient medical history to evaluations and follow-up care. For this Assignment, you begin to plan and write a comprehensive assessment that focuses on one female patient from your current practicum setting.
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To prepare
Reflect on your Practicum Experience and select a female patient whom you have examined with the support and guidance of your Preceptor.
Think about the details of the patient’s background, medical history, physical exam, labs and diagnostics, diagnosis, treatment and management plan, as well as education strategies and follow-up care. Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
To complete
Write an 8- to 10-page comprehensive assessment that addresses the following:
Age, race and ethnicity, and partner status of the patient
Current health status, including chief concern or complaint of the patient
Contraception method (if any)
Patient history, including medical history, family medical history, gynecologic history, obstetric history, and personal social history (as appropriate to current problem). Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
Review of systems
Physical exam
Labs, tests, and other diagnostics
Differential diagnoses
Management plan, including diagnosis, treatment, patient education, and follow-up care
References
Learning Resources
Schuiling, K. D., & Likis, F. E. (2017).
Women’s gynecologic health
(3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
Chapter 5, “Gynecologic Anatomy and Physiology” (pp. 77-93)
This chapter explores female anatomy and physiology with a focus on the female reproductive anatomy. It also describes the physiology of the menstrual cycle, including the hormonal feedback system and the ovarian and endometrial cycles. Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
Chapter 6, “Gynecologic History and Physical Examination” (pp. 95-133)
This chapter identifies the core knowledge and skill base required for obtaining a gynecologic health history and performing physical examinations such as pelvic and breast exams.
Chapter 7, “Periodic Screening and Health Maintenance” (pp. 135-149)
This chapter explores preventive health services for women such as screening tests, counseling, immunization, and chemoprevention. It also compares screening recommendations from organizations such as the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and American Cancer Society. Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
This chapter defines intimate partner violence (IPV) and describes the epidemiology and health effects of IPV. It also examines screening tools for assessing IPV and strategies for managing patients experiencing IPV, particularly pregnant women, adolescents, and older women.
Chapter 14, “Sexual Assault” (pp. 327-349)
This chapter examines strategies for identifying sexual violence and providing care to women who are victims of sexual violence. It explores potential health consequences of sexual violence on women, including physical injury, spread of sexually transmitted diseases, and unintended pregnancy.
Tharpe, N. L., Farley, C., & Jordan, R. G. (2017).
Clinical practice guidelines for midwifery & women’s health
(5th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
Chapter 6, “Care of the Well Woman Across the Life Span”
“Primary Preventive” Health Care for Well Women” (pp. 301-303)
This section examines social, mental, and physical issues that affect women during different stages of their lives. It also examines the provider’s role in prevention and care. Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
“Care of the Well Woman: Health Assessment and Screening for Women of Childbearing Age” (pp. 303-310)
This section provides a list of health information for the health care provider to address during well-woman examinations, as well as an immunization schedule for women across the life span.
“Care of the Well Woman: Health Assessment and Screening During Menopause” (pp. 338-349)
This section explains the physiologic changes that occur during menopause, including health issues that are likely to present. It also examines treatment and management options related to diet, exercise, sleep, and sexual comfort. Chapter 8, “Primary Care in Midwifery and Women’s Health”
“Care of the Woman: Prevention of Osteoporosis” (pp. 576-584). Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
This section explores factors that increase risks of osteoporosis in women, particularly postmenopausal women. It also provides strategies for identifying risk factors of osteoporosis and diagnosing and treating the condition. Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
“Care of the Woman in Need of Smoking Cessation” (pp. 471-475)
This section outlines factors that impact successful smoking cessation. It also describes treatment options and patient education strategies for women in need of smoking cessation.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2012b).
Screening tests and vaccines
. Retrieved from http://www.womenshealth.gov/screening-tests-and-vaccines/screening-tests-for-women/
This article provides guidelines for recommended screening tests for women. The guidelines are categorized by age and type of test.
Chief Complaint:
TS came to the clinic with complains of unusual bleeding and discharge, difficulty urinating, pain around vaginal area, pain during intercourse and abnormal pap results. Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
HPI: The patient presented with painful urination, vaginal discharge and coitus pain. She also noted an increase in vaginal bleeding, Pap tests taken have been abnormal and pelvic area has also been experiencing pain. This has been going on for two weeks, for which she has been using OTC Ibuprofen.
PMH
:
Allergies:
None
Current Medication:
Ibuprofen 600mg BD.
Immunization:
Up to date
Previous Routine Tests:
A normal pap smear 6 months ago
Past Illnesses:
Recurrent UTI.
Hospitalizations:
None.
Pregnancy History:
G0 P0 A0
Family History:
Mother has Type 2 Diabetes, Father has Hypertension, No siblings; She lives with husband who has Arthritis.
Social History:
She is an occasional smoker and is a social drinker. She denies use of illicit drugs. She tries to stay active by doing Zumba dance during free times. She works as a Lyricist for a music company. Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
ROS:
Constitutional:
The patient appears unwell and is worried that the symptoms are gradually increasing and it has even started to affect his day to day life because of the pain. She denies incidences of fever, diarrhea, nausea and weight gain or loss.
HEENT:
No headache, head bruises or rashes. Hearing capability seems normal. Uses reading glasses.
Cardiovascular:
Normal heart rate and denies any murmurs, gallops and clicks.
Respiratory:
The chest rises and falls rhythmically with the patient not complaining of wheezing, and coughing.
Gastrointestinal:
Denies diarrhea, abnormal bowel movements and pain in the abdomen. Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
Genitourinary:
Complains of pain while urinating, painful coitus, pain in the pelvic area, vaginal discharge and abnormal bleeding. Patient denies hematuria, urgency and frequency in urination.
Musculoskeletal:
The patient denies any pain in the muscles, back pain or pain in the joints. Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
Neurologic:
The patient has no deformities with the balance and is sensitive to the stimuli.
Psychiatric:
Denies insomnia, nightmares, suicidal thoughts and abnormal headache.
OBJECTIVE:
Constitutional:
T 97.5F, BP 114/71, HR 77, RR 23, Ht 4” 5’, Wt 146lbs
General:
The patient is well groomed and responds questions. She looks distressed.
Head:
No deformities or poor hair growth observed.
Eyes:
Sclera white, normal light sensitivity and no abnormal discharge, no redness
Ears:
Bilaterally intact, TM intact, no discharge
Nose:
Pink and Moist mucosa, no sneezing or excessive discharge or congestion, no polyps
Throat:
No Inflammation, swelling or dislocation.
Mouth:
Oral mucosa is pink and moist
Cardiovascular:
RRR, no murmurs, clicks or gallops. S1 and S2 present, capillary refill <3 seconds.
Respiratory:
Chest clear, no wheezing or rales. Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
Gastrointestinal:
No diarrhea or constipation; generalized tenderness; bowel sounds present in all 4 quadrants.
Genitourinary:
Painful urination, painful coitus, pain in the pelvic area, vaginal discharge and abnormal bleeding, no hematuria, urgency and frequency in urination.
Musculoskeletal:
Normal gait, no muscular tenderness or swelling
Neurologic:
The patient has normal gait, responds effectively to all temperature extremes.
Psychiatric:
No insomnia, nightmares, suicidal thoughts
Labs:
Pap smear, endometrial biopsy, Curettage and dilation, transvaginal ultrasound and Computed tomography.
ASSESSMENT
Diagnosis: Endometrial cancer
Endometrial cancer:
This refers to a type of cancer that majorly affects the uterine lining makes the cells to grow abnormally to the point where they can affect other body parts (Shafer & Van Le, 2013). During early onset of the condition, there will be excessive vaginal bleeding that does not have a relationship with menstrual periods. The other symptoms include painful sex, pain while urinating, vaginal discharge and painful pelvic area (Kulkarni & Harshavardhan, 2017). The Pap smear showed abnormal results of glandular cells that are abnormal. All the other tests were positive for endometrial cancer. Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
Endometrial Hyperplasia:
Common presentation is abnormal uterine bleeding. In premenopausal women, the symptoms include irregular heavy menstruation or amenorrhea in some cases. Endometrial biopsy differentiates endometrial hyperplasia from cancer. However there in 42.6% cases of endometrial cancer, the initial diagnosis was hyperlasia with atapia (Endometrial Cancer, 2018).
Endometriosis:
Symptoms include pain, dyspareunia and painful defecation. It is common in young premenopausal women. Physical examination reveals tenderness and nodularity. Pelvic ultrasound can be done to confirm endometrioma (Endometrial Cancer, 2018).
PLAN:
The ideal treatment for this cancer is through surgery where the tumor will be removed (Shafer & Van Le, 2013). Additionally, some of the healthy tissues that surround the tumor will be removed since they could be containing some cancer cells. Simple Hysterectomy will be ideal for the patient due to the extent of the spread of the cells (Eifel, 2015). In this case, the cervix and uterus will be removed since the cancer cells have not spread so much to the other parts of the reproductive system.
The patient will have to keep visiting the health facility after the procedure for routine maintenance and test to ascertain that the tumor does not regenerate. Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
Reflection notes:
In this case, the diagnosis itself is a big shock to the patient. Also, the pain suffered by TS is limiting her from his daily activities. Ignoring these could attribute to mood disorders or depression. She should be introduced to support groups with people going through the same diagnosis. This will also help her overcome the mental and physical pain caused by the disease. Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
References
Eifel, P. J. (2015). Treatment of Endometrial Cancer. Pelvic Cancer Surgery, 315-325. doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-4258-4_30
Endometrial cancer. (n.d.). Retrieved March 18, 2018, from
https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/26635/Endometrial-cancer/Differential-Diagnosis
Kulkarni, Y., & Harshavardhan. (2017). Recurrent Endometrial Cancer. Current Concepts in Endometrial Cancer, 107-116. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-3108-3_9
Shafer, A., & Van Le, L. (2013). Endometrial Hyperplasia and Endometrial Cancer. Gynecological Cancer Management, 53-66. doi:10.1002/9781444307542.ch5
Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note
Comprehensive Patient Assessment
The most import aspect of an accurate process of care delivery is a comprehensive assessment of the patient. Assessment makes it possible for the care provider to gather relevant information concerning the health condition of the patient thus creating the ground for appropriate intervention. Nurses have a general role to ensure the correct data concerning the health of a patient is recorded appropriately. This data is then analyzed to facilitate clinical decision-making (Linsley, Kane & Owen, 2011). Proper analysis of the health information is crucial in the determination of the conditions the patient is suffering from as well as the condition he/she is at risk of developing. A SOAP note is one of the documents containing the health information of a patient that guides clinicians in decision making. A soap note comprises of the current and past health information of the patient, the social and medical history as well as the history of hospitalization and medications used by the patient. This paper highlights a comprehensive assessment of a woman presenting with symptoms typical of Human papilloma virus.
SUBJECTIVE
Patient: _
PT_ Age: _39 _ Gender: __F_ Marital status__Married_ Race __African American
Chief complaint:
“I am here today due to rough though painless bumps on the pubic region together with general woman health examination.”
History of present illness
PT is a thirty-nine-year-old African America female patient who has visited the clinic complaining of painless pink bumps on the pubic area. The patient states that the bumps are shaped like cauliflower. The patient noted these warts three weeks ago but dismissed them as simple rashes caused by excessive heat. She is not sure for how long these bumps had existed before she noticed them. However, the patient makes it clear that she has not experienced abnormal vaginal discharge. The patient points out that the bumps have led to mild irritation, itching and burning sensation around the pubic area. She has tried to clean the affected area with warm water and soap, but the problem has persisted. The patient has also been experiencing pain in the vulva thus increasing the discomfort associated with these warts. The patient has not experienced any changes in urinary urge and frequency. Over the last, few days the discomfort associated with these warts have increased thus increasing the need for specialized care. Nonetheless, the patient has not taken any medication for the problem. Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
Past medical history
The patient was diagnosed with Chlamydia three years ago, which was effectively treated through administration of antibiotics- azithromycin. The problem cleared up in two weeks, and she has not been diagnosed with Chlamydia ever since. She was also diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis in 2012, but the condition was managed with metronidazole gel. The patient does not have a chronic condition such as diabetes, hypertension, or cerebral vascular accident. The patient makes it clear that she has not suffered from any health disorders related to inappropriate lifestyles such as substance abuse, alcoholism, consumption of junk foods, and cigarette smoking. However, the is vague when an inquiry is made concerning her sexual health. She notes that she has been in a monogamous family all through even though a month ago she was involved in a sexual relationship with a long time friend. Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
Immunization
The patient has an up to date immunization schedule. She received a tetanus shot together with a flu shot in June 2016.
Allergies: The patient has not been diagnosed with any form of allergic reaction.
Medications
: none
Medication Intolerance
: None
Chronic health problems:
bacterial vaginosis and herpes simplex virus
Hospitalization and procedures:
The patient has not been diagnosed with a condition requiring a surgical operation. , she has not been hospitalized previously.
Family medical history:
The patient’s family has a history of chronic disorders. His father was diagnosed with hypertension and diabetes mellitus, which are believed to be the leading causes of death. Her mother is still alive, but suffers from hypertension and chronic kidney stones; she also has a brother, who is asthmatic. However, the records of the health information of her grandparents cannot be traced.
Social history
Occupation
: The patient works as a clerk at a local store.
Marital status
: the patient has been married for the last 19 years and lives with her husband in their home.
Children
: she is a mother of two boys aged 13 and 15 years.
Birth control
: she uses condom as her main birth control method
Exercise
: The patient engages in simple physical exercises once or twice every week. She also jogs and runs around for at least thirty minutes when she is off duty.
Alcohol and tobacco
: the patient notes that she drinks alcohol occasionally, mostly during social events. She has never smoked cigarettes in her life.
Substance abuse:
the patient denies involvement in any form of drugs and substance abuse.
Safety
: the patient asserts that her home offers the security, social support, and environmental safety necessary for a family. Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
Review of systems
General:
the patient states she has not experienced intense changes in weight; she also denies body weakness and fatigue, fever as well as chills.
Head:
Her head is normal with no physical injuries or bruises
Eyes:
The patient has not experienced any form of vision loss; he does not have blurred vision or double vision. She does not suffer from pain in the eyes, redness, or itching. The patient does not wear contacts and denies difficulty focusing, peripheral vascular changes, scotoma, diplopia, and dryness in the eyes.
Ears:
she does not have hearing problems. The ears are also free of abnormal discharge. She states that she does not experience ear pain, ringing, or itching in the ears.
Nose/throat/mouth:
the patient does not have a runny nose, and she does not experience nasal congestion and sneezing. She denies painful sensation in the throat, dryness in the mouth and hoarseness. Her oral mucosa is pink in color and moist.
Cardiovascular:
the patient denies any form of a cardiovascular-related problem; she does not experience chest pain, discomfort, or unnecessary pressure. Also, she does not experience palpitations and edema. She does not have a history of varicose veins, dyspnea, heart murmurs, and activity intolerance.
Respiratory:
she denies respiratory problems such as shortness of breath, dyspnea, wheezing, and coughing. She also denies a history of respiratory infections, exposure to smoke, pain on inspiration and exposure to TB.
Skin:
The skin of the patient is dry and warm to the touch besides being free of rashes, bruises, injuries, and lesions. However, she has noted small bumps on the vulva and the skin around the external genitalia. She states she has been experiencing mild itching in the genital region.
Gastrointestinal:
the patient reports good gastrointestinal health: she does not suffer from pain in the abdomen, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea and constipation, anorexia, and heartburn. The patient also denies changes in appetite, food intolerance and changes in bowel patterns as well as hemorrhoids and flatulence.
Genitourinary:
the patient denies urinary incontinence
,
dysuria, and heavy bleeding. She has not experienced any changes in urinary urge and frequency. She denies burning sensation during urination. However, she has been experiencing mild pelvic pain and abnormal vaginal discharge. The patient is sexually active. She has not missed her menses.
Endocrine:
the patient does not report any thyroid problems, heat and cold intolerance, excessive weight gain or loss, sweating, polydipsia, and polyuria. The patient does not use any form of hormonal therapy. No changes in facial and body hair, skin, and nails texture are reported. Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
Breast:
The patient notes that she does not have lumps in the breasts. She does not experience breast pain, abnormal discharge, or soreness.
Musculoskeletal:
She denies musculoskeletal pain, arthritis, and edema. She does not experience stiffness of the joints, mo report made on a history of gout, deformities, decreased strength, and swelling, as well as chronic low back pain and a decreased range of motion. Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
Neurological:
the patient denies focal weakness, blackout, and seizures. She does not suffer from a depressive disorder, confusion, headaches, and dizziness. She does not experience numbness in the extremities or changes in bladder control. She has not experienced incidences of memory loss, vertigo, and instability.
Psychiatric:
she does not have a history of anxiety and depression, mood and thought disorders, as well as confusion. She denies mood swings, suicidal ideation, and substance abuse. Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
OBJECTIVE
Constitutional
Weight:
155 lbs
Height:
5’ 5’’
BMI:
25.6
Temperature:
99.7 F
Blood pressure:
112/64
Pulse rate:
81
Respiration rate:
19
General
Besides looking well nourished, the patient is healthy and does not appear distressed.
Skin-
No lesions or bruises detected on the skin of the patient. She does not have any open cuts, ulcers, rashes, inflammation, redness, or injuries. However, examination of the genital area reveals the presence of small bumps.
HEENT:
the head of the patient is free of abnormalities; she does not have scalp tenderness and bald spots; her eyes do not have an abnormal discharge, and the conjunctiva appears pink. The sclera is white and extraocular movements are intact. Corneal light reflex is normal. Her ears have a normal external appearance, and the ear canals are open with no abnormal discharge. The tympanic membrane is clear, and the hearing capacity is intact. The appearance of the patient’s nose is normal; the nostrils are open, with no mucous and septum is midline. The oral mucosa is pink and moist with no missing teeth. No sign of inflammation or lesions in the throat is detected. The tonsils are not inflamed. Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
Cardiovascular:
no murmurs, rub or gallops noted; S1 and S2 rate and rhythm normal; no bruits detected; normal pulses detected bilaterally; normal sounds detected through auscultation.
Respiratory:
The patient’s respiration is even and unlabored; auscultation reveals clear lung sound. No wheezes and rhonchi detected.
Gastrointestinal:
physical examination of the abdomen reveals it is soft and non-tender as well as nondistended; no masses detected, auscultation reveals normal bowel sounds in all quadrants. Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
Breast:
the breasts are free of masses, lumps, and abnormal discharge.
Genitourinary/ Gynecological:
palpitation does not reveal bladder tenderness or bladder distention. Vaginal mucosa is pink; white vaginal discharge noted; multiple lesions noted on the external genitalia; the warts are broad, soft, and non-keratinized. The cervix is normal; the lymph nodes around the inguinal region are not inflamed.
Musculoskeletal:
the patient has normal range of motion, and the stability of the joints is normal; the joints are not tender or inflamed.
Neurological:
the patient is alert and oriented; her communication ability has not been disrupted; she reveals normal attention and concentration and her sensation to touch is intact.
Psychiatric:
the patient’s thoughts are normal and logical, and her judgment is intact. She appears calm and cooperative. Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
Immunologic
: no bleeding detected; the lymph nodes are not palpable.
Laboratory tests and other diagnostic tests
Urinalysis
The Urine appears yellowish in color
Urine is free from deposits
PH-7.0, SG -1.010, UBG-0.2
Colonoscopy:
Tiny bumps are detected on the skin around the genital area
Pap smear– results of PAP smear are pending
Gonorrhea– results of gonorrhea test are pending
Blood tests:
Complete Blood Count,
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone test,
Antibodies test,
Vitamin D level test
No special tests conducted
ASSESSMENTS
Primary diagnosis: Human papilloma virus
The primary diagnosis for PT is Human papilloma virus. The patient has symptoms that are similar to those of this condition. Some of these symptoms include the presence of small cauliflower bumps on the genital area. The genital warts are detected on the vulva, the cervix as well as in the vagina. In some cases, warts resolve, but in others, they persist for a longer period. In HPV, warts usually appear weeks or even months after a sexual encounter making it hard for the patient to realize she is responsible for transmission of HPV (Rosenblatt & Campos, 2009). The patient is sexually active and has stated that she had a sexual encounter with her longtime friend some weeks ago thus increasing the risk of HPV. Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
Differential Diagnosis
:
Genital herpes – Genital herpes is a common sexually transmitted disease. Most of those who have herpes do not know it since it is usually asymptomatic or mild. The common symptoms of this condition are small blisters that eventually break open (Warren, 2009). This condition was ruled out since the patient does not present with flu-like symptoms and swollen lymph nodes.
Chlamydia – There is a possibility of the patient being diagnosed with Chlamydia since she presents with painless soles and mild itching on the genitals. However, this condition was ruled out since the patient does not have a fever, and painful sensation while urinating (Golanty & Edlin, 2012). Also, the patient has not experienced incidences of bleeding between period.
Genital sores – The patient can be diagnosed with genital sores since she has red bumps on the genital area. This condition was ruled out for this patient since she does not have swollen glands, severe itching around the genital area, and pain in the legs and buttocks. Also, the patient does not experience painful urination (Germain, 2013).
Chancroid
– Chancroid is a possible diagnosis for the patient since she has small red bumps on the labia. This condition was ruled out since the patient does not experience pain during urination. The patient does not have swollen lymph nodes and bleeding ulcers, which are common among patients (Carroll, 2012). Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
PLAN
Further tests:
Colonoscopy and Acetic acid test
: colonoscopy involves the examination of the vagina and the cervix. Acetic acid can be applied on the genital area to enhance the degree of visibility of genital warts.
Viral culture:
This test involves the use of scrapings of the bumps as well as a swab of cells from the cervix.
Treatment
In most cases, genital warts clear on their own; however, when they persist appropriate treatment modalities should be applied. There is a high likelihood of recurrence since viruses have no cure. The treatment of HPV includes a combination of topically and orally administered medications (Woods, 2002). Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
Salicylic acid:
this medication is an over the counter topically administered medication that removes warts over time. This medication should be used cautiously since it may lead to skin irritation (Carroll, 2012).
Imiquimod:
Imiquimod is a prescription cream that enhances the body’s immunity over HPV. This medication can generate some side effects including redness of the affected areas and should be applied cautiously (Marr, 2010).
Trichloroacetic acid:
this medication helps in burning of warts.
Sinecathechins
: This cream is usually applied to the genital and anal areas to clear of genital warts. Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
Patient education
It is advisable for the patient to limit the number of sexual partners. The patient should also maintain high levels of hygiene, and avoid wearing tight undergarments.
The patient should reduce the application of lotions and creams since excessive use if these medications might lead to severe irritation of the skin. Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
Follow-up care
A follow-up plan of two months is appropriate for this patient. The physician should call the patient to collect her gonorrhea and PAP smear results.
References
Carroll, J. L. (2012). Discovery Series: Human Sexuality. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning,
Germain, A. (2013).
Reproductive tract infections: Global impact and priorities for women’s reproductive health
. Boston, MA: Springer.
Golanty, E., & Edlin, G. (2012).
Human sexuality: The basics
. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Linsley, P., Kane, R., & Owen, S. (2011).
Public health and the nursing role: Contemporary principles and practice
. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Marr, L, M., (2010). Sexually Transmitted Diseases: A Physician Tells You What You Need to Know. New York, NY: JHU Press.
Rosenblatt, A., & Campos, G. H. G. (2009).
Human papillomavirus: A practical guide for urologists
. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note.
Warren, T. (2009).
The Good News about the Bad News: Herpes, Everything You Need to Know
. New York, NY: New Harbinger Publications
Woods S., (2002).
Everything You Need to Know About Std-Sexually Transmitted Disease
. New York, NY: The Rosen Publishing Group
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sampleSOAPnote
Nursing – Obstetrics Comprehensive Patient Assessment – Soap Note
Nurs 6551: Primary Care of Women – Sample SOAP Note
SOAP Note Week 3
Date: xxxx
Name: TS Age: 33 Gender: Female Race: Caucasian
SUBJECTIVE
Chief Complaint:
TS came to the clinic with complains of unusual bleeding and discharge, difficulty urinating, pain around vaginal area, pain during intercourse and abnormal pap results. Nurs 6551: Primary Care of Women – Sample SOAP Note.
HPI: The patient presented with painful urination, vaginal discharge and coitus pain. She also noted an increase in vaginal bleeding, Pap tests taken have been abnormal and pelvic area has also been experiencing pain. This has been going on for two weeks, for which she has been using OTC Ibuprofen.
PMH
:
Allergies:
None
Current Medication:
Ibuprofen 600mg BD.
Immunization:
Up to date
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Previous Routine Tests:
A normal pap smear 6 months ago
Past Illnesses:
Recurrent UTI.
Hospitalizations:
None.
Pregnancy History:
G0 P0 A0
Family History:
Mother has Type 2 Diabetes, Father has Hypertension, No siblings; She lives with husband who has Arthritis. Nurs 6551: Primary Care of Women – Sample SOAP Note.
Social History:
She is an occasional smoker and is a social drinker. She denies use of illicit drugs. She tries to stay active by doing Zumba dance during free times. She works as a Lyricist for a music company.
ROS:
Constitutional:
The patient appears unwell and is worried that the symptoms are gradually increasing and it has even started to affect his day to day life because of the pain. She denies incidences of fever, diarrhea, nausea and weight gain or loss. Nurs 6551: Primary Care of Women – Sample SOAP Note.
HEENT:
No headache, head bruises or rashes. Hearing capability seems normal. Uses reading glasses.
Cardiovascular:
Normal heart rate and denies any murmurs, gallops and clicks.
Respiratory:
The chest rises and falls rhythmically with the patient not complaining of wheezing, and coughing.
Gastrointestinal:
Denies diarrhea, abnormal bowel movements and pain in the abdomen.
Genitourinary:
Complains of pain while urinating, painful coitus, pain in the pelvic area, vaginal discharge and abnormal bleeding. Patient denies hematuria, urgency and frequency in urination. Nurs 6551: Primary Care of Women – Sample SOAP Note.
Musculoskeletal:
The patient denies any pain in the muscles, back pain or pain in the joints.
Neurologic:
The patient has no deformities with the balance and is sensitive to the stimuli.
Psychiatric:
Denies insomnia, nightmares, suicidal thoughts and abnormal headache.
OBJECTIVE:
Constitutional:
T 97.5F, BP 114/71, HR 77, RR 23, Ht 4” 5’, Wt 146lbs
General:
The patient is well groomed and responds questions. She looks distressed.
Head:
No deformities or poor hair growth observed.
Eyes:
Sclera white, normal light sensitivity and no abnormal discharge, no redness
Ears:
Bilaterally intact, TM intact, no discharge
Nose:
Pink and Moist mucosa, no sneezing or excessive discharge or congestion, no polyps
Throat:
No Inflammation, swelling or dislocation. Nurs 6551: Primary Care of Women – Sample SOAP Note.
Mouth:
Oral mucosa is pink and moist
Cardiovascular:
RRR, no murmurs, clicks or gallops. S1 and S2 present, capillary refill <3 seconds.
Respiratory:
Chest clear, no wheezing or rales
Gastrointestinal:
No diarrhea or constipation; generalized tenderness; bowel sounds present in all 4 quadrants.
Genitourinary:
Painful urination, painful coitus, pain in the pelvic area, vaginal discharge and abnormal bleeding, no hematuria, urgency and frequency in urination. Nurs 6551: Primary Care of Women – Sample SOAP Note.
Musculoskeletal:
Normal gait, no muscular tenderness or swelling
Neurologic:
The patient has normal gait, responds effectively to all temperature extremes.
Psychiatric:
No insomnia, nightmares, suicidal thoughts. Nurs 6551: Primary Care of Women – Sample SOAP Note.
Labs:
Pap smear, endometrial biopsy, Curettage and dilation, transvaginal ultrasound and Computed tomography.
ASSESSMENT
Diagnosis: Endometrial cancer
Endometrial cancer:
This refers to a type of cancer that majorly affects the uterine lining makes the cells to grow abnormally to the point where they can affect other body parts (Shafer & Van Le, 2013). During early onset of the condition, there will be excessive vaginal bleeding that does not have a relationship with menstrual periods. The other symptoms include painful sex, pain while urinating, vaginal discharge and painful pelvic area (Kulkarni & Harshavardhan, 2017). The Pap smear showed abnormal results of glandular cells that are abnormal. All the other tests were positive for endometrial cancer. Nurs 6551: Primary Care of Women – Sample SOAP Note.
Endometrial Hyperplasia:
Common presentation is abnormal uterine bleeding. In premenopausal women, the symptoms include irregular heavy menstruation or amenorrhea in some cases. Endometrial biopsy differentiates endometrial hyperplasia from cancer. However there in 42.6% cases of endometrial cancer, the initial diagnosis was hyperlasia with atapia (Endometrial Cancer, 2018). Nurs 6551: Primary Care of Women – Sample SOAP Note.
Endometriosis:
Symptoms include pain, dyspareunia and painful defecation. It is common in young premenopausal women. Physical examination reveals tenderness and nodularity. Pelvic ultrasound can be done to confirm endometrioma (Endometrial Cancer, 2018).
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PLAN:
The ideal treatment for this cancer is through surgery where the tumor will be removed (Shafer & Van Le, 2013). Additionally, some of the healthy tissues that surround the tumor will be removed since they could be containing some cancer cells. Simple Hysterectomy will be ideal for the patient due to the extent of the spread of the cells (Eifel, 2015). In this case, the cervix and uterus will be removed since the cancer cells have not spread so much to the other parts of the reproductive system. Nurs 6551: Primary Care of Women – Sample SOAP Note.
The patient will have to keep visiting the health facility after the procedure for routine maintenance and test to ascertain that the tumor does not regenerate. Nurs 6551: Primary Care of Women – Sample SOAP Note.
Reflection notes:
In this case, the diagnosis itself is a big shock to the patient. Also, the pain suffered by TS is limiting her from his daily activities. Ignoring these could attribute to mood disorders or depression. She should be introduced to support groups with people going through the same diagnosis. This will also help her overcome the mental and physical pain caused by the disease. Nurs 6551: Primary Care of Women – Sample SOAP Note.
References
Eifel, P. J. (2015). Treatment of Endometrial Cancer. Pelvic Cancer Surgery, 315-325. doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-4258-4_30
Endometrial cancer. (n.d.). Retrieved March 18, 2018, from
https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/26635/Endometrial-cancer/Differential-Diagnosis
Kulkarni, Y., & Harshavardhan. (2017). Recurrent Endometrial Cancer. Current Concepts in Endometrial Cancer, 107-116. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-3108-3_9. Nurs 6551: Primary Care of Women – Sample SOAP Note.
Shafer, A., & Van Le, L. (2013). Endometrial Hyperplasia and Endometrial Cancer. Gynecological Cancer Management, 53-66. doi:10.1002/9781444307542.ch5 .
sampleSOAPnote
. Nurs 6551: Primary Care of Women – Sample SOAP Note
When an individual has a platelet count less than 150,000 platelets/uL, he or she is considered to have thrombocytopenia. This condition can occur because of genetic predispositions or can be acquired. When thrombocytopenia is seen due to congenital origin, the underlying disease could be TAR syndrome, Wiskott Aldrich syndrome, or a gene mutation. Acquired thrombocytopenia is usually seen in relation to viral infections, mediation use, a nutrient deficiency, , renal failure, or radiation therapy, or cancer (Huether & McCance, 2017, p. 541). Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia Essay.
Thrombocyopenia can be induced with the use of heparin. Furthermore, this condition is called heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) syndrome. It occurs in result to an immune response to the use of heparin. It is less common when using unfractionated heparin, like Lovenox. The immune response causes IgG antibodies to react against the heparin-platelet factor, which leads to platelet activation. The increase in platelet factor 4 and thrombin production leads to an increase in platelet consumption. Platelet consumption results in low platelet counts which appear five to ten days later after heparin was administered (Huether & McCance, 2017, p. 541).
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With HIT syndrome, the patient will experience venous and arterial clotting, while having low platelets levels. This problem is difficult to manage because the patient is clotting and has a risk for bleeding at the same time. Priority management of the patient’s condition is essential (Krzych, Nowacka, & Knapik, 2015). Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia Essay.
Drug Therapy
After HIT syndrome has been identified, it is important to stop the use of heparin and look at other avenues of anticoagulant therapy. There is not a reversal medication to stop HIT from occurring. Managing the patient based on their clinical manifestations is the mainstay of treatment (Huether & McCance, 2017, p. 541). Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia Essay.
Behavior
Patients with HIT syndrome typically need platelet replacement. Platelets are a blood component and require consent from the patient prior to them being given. Some individuals have religious beliefs, such as a Jehovah witness, in regards to receiving blood products and will refuse platelet therapy. This therapy is patient choice, but refusal of platelets can be detrimental to the patient. It is important to give all patients the option to receive therapy and discuss pros and cons of their decision. Promoting patient decision making is essential as we strive to maintain their autonomy (Edelen, 2014). Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia Essay.
References
Edelen, A. (2014). Blood products and the Jehovah’s witness: An ethical concern.
Kentucky
Nurse
,
62
(2), 4-5.
Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017).
Understanding
4 Differences Between Managers and Leaders in Nursing
I need a minimum of 100 words for each of the assignments on both A and B
UNIT 1
A
The Plucknette article suggests that there are considerable differences between being a leader and being a manager. Is it possible or desirable to be both? Chapter 2 of the
Management
textbook suggests that the four functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Provide one challenge posed by serving as a leader and one challenge posed by serving as a manager in each of these functions?
B
What roles do leadership and innovation play within each of the four management functions? Provide an example of how to integrate leadership into at least two management functions. 4 Differences Between Managers and Leaders in Nursing.
Provide an example of a challenge you have experienced in the workplace leading a cross-functional team or as part of a cross-functional team. How was this challenge solved? Would you have approached the challenge differently? If so, how?
B
Organizations are increasingly transcending country boarders and physical space limitations. What are some effective strategies to motivate dispersed team members in a virtual setting? What are some emerging trends that deal with this challenge in your field? Provide an example.
5. Managing Virtual Team Work in IT Projects: Survey
Read “Managing Virtual Team Work in IT Projects: Survey,” by El-Sofany and Alwandani, from
International Journal of Advanced Corporate Learning
(2014).
6. The Digital Market-Sphere (DMS): Modeling Virtual Transactons and Transvectons
Read “The Digital Market-Sphere (DMS): Modeling Virtual Transactons and Transvectons,” by Carter and Parameswaran, from
Marketing Management Journal
(2012).
An individual manager’s ability to make ethical decisions is influenced by many factors, such as individual traits and corporate culture. Applying conscious capitalism principles typically starts with a plan from the CEO and requires the plan to be implemented through various management levels and all employees. What role does ethics play in conscious capitalism and how do the ethics of conscious capitalism impact management tactics within an organization? 4 Differences Between Managers and Leaders in Nursing.
B
Post a draft of your Strategic Management and Socially Conscious Organization Presentation assignment to the Main Forum. Read two classmates’ presentations and provide feedback to your peers about their presentations. Are there areas that need adjustments?
RESOURCES
Textbook
1. Management
Read Chapters 3-5, 8, and 13 in
Management.
Review Chapter 15 in
Management.
5. Taking Responsibility for Corporate Social Responsibility: The Role of Leaders in Creating, Implementing, Sustaining, or Avoiding Socially Responsible Firm Behaviors
Read “Taking Responsibility for Corporate Social Responsibility: The Role of Leaders in Creating, Implementing, Sustaining, or Avoiding Socially Responsible Firm Behaviors,” by Jones, Mackey, Whetten, from
Academy of Management Perspectives
(2014).
6. Turning Corporate Social Responsibility-Driven Opportunities in Competitive Advantages: A Two-Dimensional Model
Read “Turning Corporate Social Responsibility-Driven Opportunities in Competitive Advantages: A Two-Dimensional Model,” by Calabrese, Costa, Menichini, Rasati, and Sanfelice, from
Knowledge and Process Management
(2013).
What are the major elements of strategic planning? Refer to HBS case reprint,
Southwest Airlines: In a Different World
. What elements of strategic planning are present in the case study? Based on the case study, what are the major challenges of strategic planning, especially for large, complex organizations like Southwest airlines? What challenges does strategic planning on such a large scale pose for leaders?
B
What have you experienced or what do you anticipate as the most challenging aspect of strategic planning in your field of interest? What do you think can be done to improve strategic planning processes in your own organization or field?
Watch “Overview of the Strategic Planning Process,” by Virtual Strategist (2012), located on the YouTube website.
2. Strategic and Operational Planning
Read “Strategic and Operational Planning,” located on the Taugher Change Catalyst Consulting website.
http://www.taugher.com/strategic-planning.htm
e-Library Resource
1. Management Use of Strategic Tools for Innovating During Turbulent Times. 4 Differences Between Managers and Leaders in Nursing
Read “Management Use of Strategic Tools for Innovating During Turbulent Times,” by Tassabehji, from
Strategic Change
(2014).
https://lopes.idm.oclc.or4 Differences Between Managers and Leaders in Nursingg/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=inh&AN=14829855&site=eds-live&scope=site
2. Strategic Intent
Read “Strategic Intent,” by Hamel and Prahalad, from
Harvard Business Review
(2005).
Review the “SWOT Analysis” template in preparation for the Strategic Planning: SWOT Analysis assignment.
LDR-620-R-SWOTAnalysis.docx
MODULE 5
A
In “Business Model Innovation in Practice,” Euchner and Ganguly (2014) discuss the challenge of implementing innovations within organizations that are naturally resistant to change. They present a systematic approach for integrating innovations to increase the likelihood of acceptance and success. Review their five-step approach and discuss how the four functions of management (planning, organizing, leading and controlling) can be leveraged within in their suggested approach to assist organizations in implementing successful innovations.
B
What do you anticipate will be the greatest challenge of operationalizing strategy across various business functions? Do you think the challenges change depending on the circumstances? Provide an example within your field.
RESOURCES
Textbook
1. Management
Read Chapter 11 in
Management.
Review Chapters 7 and 8.
Read “Stakeholder Analysis,” located on the Mind Tools website. In addition, view the video “Stakeholder Analysis Video: Stakeholder Management and Power Interest Grid Example” that accompanies the article.
2. Corporate Social Responsibility: A Real Options Approach to the Challenge of Financial Sustainability
Read “Corporate Social Responsibility: A Real Options Approach to the Challenge of Financial Sustainability,” by Bosch-Badia, Montilor-Serrats, and Tarrazon-Rodon, from
PLoS One
(2015). 4 Differences Between Managers and Leaders in Nursing
4. Intellectual Capital Approach to Modern Management Through the Perspective of a Company’s Value Added
Read “Intellectual Capital Approach to Modern Management Through the Perspective of a Company’s Value Added,” by Survilate, Tamosiuniene, and Shatrevich, from
Business: Theory and Practice
(2015).
Return to HBS case reprint, “Southwest Airlines: In a Different World.” The case study makes it clear that a significant shift in organizational strategy requires collaboration across multiple departments, or functions, within a business. Review the case and discuss how you think Southwest’s plan to serve La Guardia would impact two primary business functions (e.g., marketing, operations, human resources, finance, accounting, and IT). Consider how coordinating efforts of the two functions to successfully serve La Guardia might affect management and decision making. How integral is collaboration among business functions to the success of Southwest’s plan? Cite specifics from the case in your response.
B
Provide an example in which managerial decision making has positively or negatively affected you? How did the personal decision-making styles used by managers apply to the situation? What is your take away from the example you provided after your reading about managerial decision making in this topic?
RESOURCES
Topic:
Tactical Planning (Continued)
Textbook
1. Management
Read Chapters 9 and 12 in
Management.
Review Chapters 7 and 8
.
1. (How) Does the HR Strategy Support an Innovation Oriented Business Strategy? An Investigation of Institutional Context and Organizational Practices in Indian Firms
Read “(How) Does the HR Strategy Support an Innovation Oriented Business Strategy? An Investigation of Institutional Context and Organizational Practices in Indian Firms,” by Fang and Saini, from
Human Resource Management
(2010).
4. Practicing Human Resource Strategy: Understanding the Relational Dynamics in Strategic HR Work by Means of a Narrative Approach
Read “Practicing Human Resource Strategy: Understanding the Relational Dynamics in Strategic HR Work by Means of a Narrative Approach,” by Kaudela-Baum and Endrissat, from
German Journal of Research in Human Resource Management
(2009).
5. Responsible Leadership and Stakeholder Management: Influence Pathways and Organizational Outcomes
Read “Responsible Leadership and Stakeholder Management: Influence Pathways and Organizational Outcomes,” by Doh and Quigley from the
Academy of Management Perspectives
(2014).
6. The Relationship Between Intellectual Capital With Economic Value Added and Financial Performance
Read “The Relationship Between Intellectual Capital With Economic Value Added and Financial Performance,” by Salehi, Enayati, and Javadi, from
Iranian Journal of Management Science: A Quarterly
(2014).
An organization’s landscape can be expansive and complex. Most organizations rely heavily upon information technology as a way to achieve outcomes. Conduct a needs assessment on your current organization or a familiar organization. Evaluate the cross-functionality of departments to identify gaps or opportunities for more effectively utilizing information technology to improve collaboration, efficiency, and communication. Recommend improvements based on your assessment. Include an explanation of the benefits in your proposal. 4 Differences Between Managers and Leaders in Nursing
B
Respond to the “Apply Your Skills: Case for Critical Analysis: Email Adventure,” located at the end of Chapter 17 in the
Management
textbook.
RESOURCES
Textbook
1. Management
Read Chapters 10 and 17 and the Appendix in
Management.
1. Complexity Leadership Generates Innovation, Learning, and Adaptation of the Organization
Read “Complexity Leadership Generates Innovation, Learning, and Adaptation of the Organization,” by Geer-Frazier, from
Emergence: Complexity and Organization
(2014).
2. The Adaptability of Management Models Across Cultures
Read “The Adaptability of Management Models Across Cultures,” by Yuksel and Durna, from
International Journal of Economic and Administrative Studies
(2015).
From the perspective of a general manager in your field, which of the organizational control methods outlined in Chapter 19 of the
Management
textbook do you think would be the most universal? What does organizational control look like in your sphere of influence?
B
Consider your Strategic Plan: Presentation video assignment. Write a brief description on how you plan to organize and present your Strategic Plan or share a draft of your video. Provide feedback to your peers about their initial plans for their videos. Are there areas that need adjustments? 4 Differences Between Managers and Leaders in Nursing.
Watch “How to Share a Private YouTube Video,” located on YouTube.
e-Library Resource
1. Change the Incentives, Engage the Whole Organization
Read “Change the Incentives, Engage the Whole Organization,”by Winston, from
Supply Chain Management Review,
(2014).
https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=98063368&site=ehost-live&scope=site
4 Differences Between Managers and Leaders in Nursing
Evidence-Based Practice Nursing, Research Critiques & PICOT Statement – Childhood Obesity Essay Assignment Papers
Prepare this assignment as a 1,750 word paper using the instructor feedback from the Topic 1, 2, and 3 assignments and the guidelines below.
PICOT Statement
Revise the PICOT statement you wrote in the Topic 1 assignment.
Research Critiques
In the Topic 2 and Topic 3 assignments you completed a qualitative and quantitative research critique. Use the feedback you received from your instructor on these assignments to finalize the critical analysis of the study by making appropriate revisions.
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The completed analysis should connect to your identified practice problem of interest that is the basis for your PICOT statement.
Proposed Evidence-Based Practice Change
Discuss the link between the PICOT statement, the research articles, and the nursing practice problem you identified. Include relevant details and supporting explanation and use that information to propose evidence-based practice changes.
Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines.
USE THIS TITLE AS Appropriate:
Tittle of page, Introduction, PICOT Statement, Literature Review (Qualitative and Quantitative Review), Background, Methodology, Results of Findings, Ethical Considerations, Proposed Evidence-Based Practice Change, Conclusions. Evidence-Based Practice Nursing, Research Critiques & PICOT Statement – Childhood Obesity Essay Assignment Papers.
Childhood Obesity- PICOT Statement and Literature Search
Overweight and obesity among children can be prevented, managed, and controlled using school-based interventions more effectively than non-school-based interventions within one year.
P- Population- Children with overweight and obesity
Mahmood, S., Perveen, T., Dino, A., Ibrahim, F., & Mehraj, J. (2014). Effectiveness of
school-based intervention programs in reducing prevalence of overweight.
Indian
journal of community medicine: official publication of Indian Association of
Preventive & Social Medicine
,
39
(2), 87.
School-based interventions are increasingly being employed in Americans learning institutions to tackle the unending problem of childhood obesity. In this journal article, Mahmood et al. (2014) investigate the efficacy of utilizing school-based interventions to minimize high obesity prevalence among children. In order to achieve this objective, the researchers evaluated all published clinical trials that qualified for the study. The researchers excluded previous studies that entailed cost-effective evaluation of school-based interventions. Five trials comprised of 3900 school-going children were incorporated into the study. The average age of the students both boys and girls, was between 8 and 13 years. The meta-analysis revealed a statistical significance beneficial impact of school-based intervention initiatives on obesity status of school children. Individual assessments suggested efficacy of these school-based efforts to tackle childhood obesity. The researchers infer that school-based interventions are effective in deterring childhood obesity and overweight problem. According to Mahmood et al. (2014), childhood overweight and obesity is a global public health concern that is responsible for high morbidity and increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and osteoarthritis. Considering the potential risks that childhood overweight and obesity pose to the American population, Mahmood et al. (2014) stress on the need to examine school-based interventions as a way to address the problem. Evidence-Based Practice Nursing, Research Critiques & PICOT Statement – Childhood Obesity Essay Assignment Papers.
Amini, M., Djazayery, A., Majdzadeh, R., Taghdisi, M. H., & Jazayeri, S. (2015). Effect of
school-based interventions to control childhood obesity: a review of
reviews.
International journal of preventive medicine
,
6
.
In this article, Amini et al. (2015) hold that eh efficacy of school-based interventions to prevent and manage overweight and obesity among school-going children has been a subject of debate among healthcare professionals. In view of that, Amini et al. (2015) conduct a critical review, meta-analysis, and examination of policy briefs and reports that target children and adolescents. This review included interventional studies that have a control group and sought to deter or reduce overweight and obesity in a school setting. Four key systematic reviews, alognside four meta-analyses were found to meet the eligibility criteria. As a result, they were incorporated into the review. The findings of the review suggested that the implementation of multi-component interventions does not necessarily improve the anthropometric outcomes. While intervention durations are critical determinant of the efficacy, researches aimed at evaluating the length of time needed were lacking. Furthermore, the researchers assert the need for interventional efforts for children in order to report any unwarranted mental or physical adverse impacts that stem from the intervention. The researchers also revealed that BMI is one of the most popular indicators utilized for assessing the childhood obesity prevention or treatment trials. Finally, Amini et al. (2015) recommend that future studies on school-based interventions should be done to prevent or control overweight or obesity. Evidence-Based Practice Nursing, Research Critiques & PICOT Statement – Childhood Obesity Essay Assignment Papers.
Ickes, M. J., McMullen, J., Haider, T., & Sharma, M. (2014). Global school-based
childhood obesity interventions: a review.
International journal of environmental
research and public health
,
11
(9), 8940-8961.
Childhood obesity is a problem that has sparked a major global health crisis. According to Ickes et al. (2014), many school-based interventions have been developed and implemented to curb this growing crisis. In response to this phenomenon, Icke et al. (2014) undertake a comprehensive review that is aimed at comparing and contrasting the American and global school-based overweight and obesity prevention and management efforts. To complete this task, the researchers use five major databases. The selection methodology for these databases include primary research, overweight or obesity prevention interventions, school, based, and studies that were published between 2002 to 2013. In totality, approximately 20 interventions met the eligibility standards of inclusion. The research showed that the interventions that were implemented in the United States and globally led to the successful outcomes. These included positive changes in student’s BMI. However, the researchers observe that different approaches were utilized to attain success. This reinforces the fact that a one-size-fits-all approach is not necessary for impacting childhood obesity. Nonetheless, establishing on successful interventions in future school-based obesity management efforts should have the capacity to integrate culturally-specific interventional strategies. They should also seek to include an environmentally-friendly component that includes parents whenever possible. Evidence-Based Practice Nursing, Research Critiques & PICOT Statement – Childhood Obesity Essay Assignment Paper.
In this article, Maatoug et al. (2015) argue that the task of combating childhood obesity at a tender age, through improvements of physical activities, nutritional interventions, and other behaviors, is instrumental to the prevention of more crucial health concerns in adulthood. Consequently, the researchers evaluate the efficacy of a school-based aspect of a community behavioral intervention on overweight and obesity rates among adolescents in Tunisia. Using a quasi-experimental school-based intervention method, Maatoug et al. (2015) include an intervention group and a control group located in Sousse Msaken. The intervention took three years, with information that pre-intervention gathered from 2009 to 2010 school year period. The researchers then undertook a descriptive evaluation and multivariate assessment to determine the impact of the intervention on risks of excess weight. The study findings suggested the existence of a major increase in fruits and vegetable intake by the intervention group. The intervention group also improved in terms of acquiring the normal weight category. There was also a decrease in students’ overweight population. This study suggests that the school-based interventions are protective measures to curb excessive weight gain for participating school-going children. Furthermore, the research indicates that school-based interventions are effective in increasing the pattern of healthy dietary habits and minimizing risks of excessive weight gains. It also sheds light on the significance of multidisciplinary approach to offer an environment that is conducive to healthy behaviors for children and adolescents. Evidence-Based Practice Nursing, Research Critiques & PICOT Statement – Childhood Obesity Essay Assignment Papers.
Kothandan, S. K. (2014). School based interventions versus family-based interventions in
the treatment of childhood obesity-a systematic review.
Archives of Public
Health
,
72
(1), 3.
There has been a widespread debate among health professionals over whether school-based interventions work better than family-based approaches. In an effort to settle this impasse, Kothandan (2014) conducted a comprehensive review aimed at drawing comparison between school-based interventions and family-based interventions in the treatment, management, and control of childhood overweight and obesity. According to Kothandan (2014), the prevalence rates of childhood obesity, which has steadily increased in the last ten years, is currently regarded as a major public health concern. Current treatment options are often premised on two major models: school-and family-based strategies. Nonetheless, most studies have not yet drawn a major comparison between the two treatment options. Therefore, Kothandan (2014) conducted a database search of resources such as Medline, Pub med, and Science Direct with the view of executing the search for primary research papers in accordance with various inclusion criteria. The review also included randomized control trial and quasi-randomized controlled trials on the basis of family- and school-based interventions. The study identified 1231 studies, 13 of which met the researcher’s criteria. The research revealed that family-based interventions were ideal for children aged below 12, whereas school-based interventions worked for children aged between 12 and seventeen years for both long-term and short-term outcomes. Evidence-Based Practice Nursing, Research Critiques & PICOT Statement – Childhood Obesity Essay Assignment Papers.
Gonzalez-Suarez, C., Worley, A., Grimmer-Somers, K., & Dones, V. (2009). School-based
interventions on childhood obesity: a meta-analysis.
American journal of preventive
medicine
,
37
(5), 418-427.
Finally, Gonzalez-Suarez et al. (2009) argue that childhood obesity is a major predictor of chronic lifestyle diseases in adulthood. Therefore, the researchers explore the effectiveness of school-based programs in the prevention and management of childhood obesity. After conducting a comprehensive literature search, coupled with a meta-analysis for RCTs and clinical controlled trials on school-based interventions, the results indicated that the odds of participants’ being overweight and obese in the school-based programs compared with the control arm were significantly protective in the short-term. However, school-based interventions were effective in the long-run. Therefore, longer running initiatives were more effective than shorter programs. Evidence-Based Practice Nursing, Research Critiques & PICOT Statement – Childhood Obesity Essay Assignment Papers.
Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations
Summary of the Study
The study seeks to evaluate the efficacy of school-based programs in treating and managing overweight and obesity among children. Childhood obesity is increasingly becoming both national and global public health concern that has resulted in increased childhood morbidity and mortality. In particular, childhood obesity has catapulted the increase in health problems such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, as well as osteoarthritis later in adulthood (Mahmood et al. 2014). Schools can provide one of the most effective channels through which childhood obesity interventions can be directed. In this respect, policies, procedures, and guidelines have been passed in many nations and states for the implementation of school-based interventions. In the United States, many studies have recommended the utilization of school-based obesity management programs to address the unending crisis of childhood obesity. In light of this concern, this study seeks to investigate the efficacy of school-based interventions in treating and managing childhood obesity. In particular, the study will also assess school methodologies such as incorporation of obesity education into the routine curriculum in minimizing the constantly-increasing cases of obese children population. Evidence-Based Practice Nursing, Research Critiques & PICOT Statement – Childhood Obesity Essay Assignment Papers.
Method of Study
The study is also going to use qualitative design in order to examine the perception of children towards school-based obesity management initiatives. Previous studies conducted by Clarke et al. (2015) also sought to investigate the experiences and views of kids who went through school-based obesity management programs. This can help to improve knowledge and understanding of better ways to address the problem of childhood obesity within school settings. In order to provide a comprehensive finding that guides future clinical decision-making, the study will evaluate efficacy of school-based interventions with respect to many key areas. They include cost efficiency of school-based interventions, improvements in physical activities and healthy eating habits following interventions, as well as level of awareness among children on the dangers of childhood obesity and the ways in which it can be averted. Furthermore, effectiveness will be investigated through evaluation of body weight and BMI before and after the introductions of these interventions (Mahmood et al. 2014). Most significantly, cardiovascular fitness and other outcome measures will be investigated. The target population and participants of the study will mainly be school-going children. Both boys and girls with an average age of between 8 and 16 years will be incorporated into the study. Evidence-Based Practice Nursing, Research Critiques & PICOT Statement – Childhood Obesity Essay Assignment Papers.
Schools vary in the ways in which they utilize such interventions. For instance, some schools utilize planet health programs that incorporate the teacher training workshops, class lessons, physical education materials, and educational programs that emphasize on enhancing physical activities. These programs also seek to discourage sedentary lifestyles among school-going populations (Mahmood et al. 2014). Other initiatives often embrace strategies such as utilization of banners and logos on water bottles with the purpose of supporting healthy living, embracing healthy diets and discouraging the use of sugar-sweetened drinks. In some cases, schools ensure that children are enrolled in programs such as aerobics dance sessions. Evidence-Based Practice Nursing, Research Critiques & PICOT Statement – Childhood Obesity Essay Assignment Papers.
One of the primary reasons for exploring this area of research is the fact that obesity among children is a risk indicator for future obesity during adulthood. This problem has been associated with adverse physical, socioeconomic and mental impacts such as risks for getting non-communicable diseases (Amini et al. 2015). In addition, school-going children face the risk of being socially stigmatized, leading to sadness and loneliness. Moreover, obese kids are most likely to involve themselves in high-risk behaviors as a result of negative stereotyping. Although an urgent intervention is needed to curb the worrying increase in overweight and obese populations, these steps must be informed by widely acknowledged collection of evidences to support positive health outcomes (Amini et al. 2015). The current body of evidence incorporates researches conducted that target their interventions in several contexts such as community centers, home, and schools. In particular, schools have taken the lead in being among the most suitable settings for obesity management since they are distinct in some elements. Evidence-Based Practice Nursing, Research Critiques & PICOT Statement – Childhood Obesity Essay Assignment Papers
Result of Study
The effectiveness and capability of school-oriented interventions to prevent obesity among school going children was subjected for review for a period more than 10 year. Reviews of reviews, meta-analysis, reports on children and adolescents, systematic reviews, and interventional studies were used. During the study, four meta-analysis and four systematic reviews were selected for the review. The results indicated that adoption of multifaceted interventions did not significantly affect the anthropometric findings. Even though the duration for intervention is very useful in establishing effectiveness, there is no adequate studies that can appraise the duration. There is a significant difference between boys and girls on how they respond to school-based interventions. Relying on an indicator such as the body mass index to determine obesity prevention among children was determined to seriously misleading. Non-targeted interventions were helpful in solving the issue among the general public as compared to targeted approaches. Evidence-Based Practice Nursing, Research Critiques & PICOT Statement – Childhood Obesity Essay Assignment Papers.
How the Findings Might be Used in Nursing Practice
Nurses must utilize the best available evidences to support decision-making on the best way to address childhood obesity. Assessing the efficacy of school-based interventions have various implications for nursing practice (Wareing, 2018). The recommendations that seek to improve outcomes from school-based physical activity initiatives may be utilized by nurses to foster positive attitudes towards exercises among children and young adolescents. Nurses may also address these problems by raising the level of activities throughout the school day. In practical sense, knowledge on the importance of school-base interventions can shift the working environment of nurses, educators, and school staffs. Nurses can employ school-based programs by utilizing multidisciplinary approaches to obesity management such as encouraging parents and community members to participate in school-based initiatives (Wareing, 2018). There is also need for nurses to engage in advocacy and health communication campaigns among public health bodies collaborate with teachers, parents, and lobby groups in order to combat childhood obesity. Nurses can educate the school children and young adolescents about food choices. Evidence-Based Practice Nursing, Research Critiques & PICOT Statement – Childhood Obesity Essay Assignment Papers.
In particular, school nurses have the skills to offer counseling to support weight-associated behavior change (Pbert et al. 2013). They are also easily accessible to children with no transport or costs. Thus, nurses can play an integral role in supporting students who suffer from overweight and obesity problems to gather a healthy lifestyle (Pbert et al 2013). The leveraging of current infrastructures and resources through capitalization on the placements of skilled healthcare providers within highly accessible school contexts has major public health importance in comparison with specialty clinics that face eh challenge of limited reach. This is partly because specialty clinics have constrained reach as a result of access and expenses o intensive resources needed, such as costs to the families in terms of transportation, copayments and time (Pbert et al. 2013). Thus, weight management and counseling interventions are practicable for school nurses in the delivery of high fidelity within the school health contexts. Evidence-Based Practice Nursing, Research Critiques & PICOT Statement – Childhood Obesity Essay Assignment Papers.
Potential Ethical Implications
Childhood overweight and obesity studies are often carried out among vulnerable groups. A significant number of obese students also grapple with major mental challenges, such as anxiety, depression, ADHD, and emotional and eating problems. Combined with this challenge, obesity holds a social stigma that negatively affects children and their respective family members (Holm et al. 2014). In acknowledgment of this problem, discourses have emerged among health care professionals relating to the potential ethics for school-based interventions for treating childhood obesity, as well as the mechanistic clinical researches that seek to understand the pathophysiology of this health problem among students without directly aiming at minimizing overweight (Holm et al. 2014). Researchers must seriously consider if their protocols and procedures offer situations where they can empirically evaluate and prove their hypothesis while at the same time developing environments where children and their family members are free to make choices to enter the study (autonomy). Further, justice should be granted by granting all participants with benefits after taking part in such studies. Evidence-Based Practice Nursing, Research Critiques & PICOT Statement – Childhood Obesity Essay Assignment Papers
Another ethical issue relates to the manner in which obesity is communicated to members of the public. While the causes of childhood obesity are often publicized in simple ways, such as excessive energy comparison with energy use, this disease is complex. There are various factors that are associated with this health problem. These include socioeconomic indicators, level of education and awareness, and lifestyle. However, the causes of obesity go beyond these commonly talked about factors to include issues such as culture, media presence, as well as peer pressure. Therefore, in attempting to engage in advocacy campaigns to reduce obesity, nurses must not leave out important information that can generate positive health outcomes among children. Evidence-Based Practice Nursing, Research Critiques & PICOT Statement – Childhood Obesity Essay Assignment Papers.
References
Amini, M., Djazayery, A., Majdzadeh, R., Taghdisi, M. H., & Jazayeri, S. (2015). Effect of
school-based interventions to control childhood obesity: a review of
reviews.
International journal of preventive medicine
,
6
.
Clarke, J. L., Griffin, T. L., Lancashire, E. R., Adab, P., Parry, J. M., & Pallan, M. J. (2015).
Parent and child perceptions of school-based obesity prevention in England: a qualitative
study.
BMC public health
,
15
(1), 1224.
Holm, J. C., Nowicka, P., Farpour-Lambert, N. J., O’Malley, G., Hassapidou, M., Weiss, R., &
Baker, J. L. (2014). The ethics of childhood obesity treatment-from the Childhood
Obesity Task Force (COTF) of European Association for the Study of Obesity
(EASO).
Obesity facts
,
7
(4), 274-281.
Mahmood, S., Perveen, T., Dino, A., Ibrahim, F., & Mehraj, J. (2014). Effectiveness of
school-based intervention programs in reducing prevalence of overweight.
Indian
journal of community medicine: official publication of Indian Association of
Preventive & Social Medicine
,
39
(2), 87.
Pbert, L., Druker, S., Gapinski, M. A., Gellar, L., Magner, R., Reed, G., … & Osganian, S.
(2013). A school nurse‐delivered intervention for overweight and obese
adolescents.
Journal of School Health
,
83
(3), 182-193.
Wareing, A. (2018). School‐based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and
fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18.
International journal of nursing
practice
,
24
(1). Evidence-Based Practice Nursing, Research Critiques & PICOT Statement Essay Assignment Papers
Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations
Summary of the Study
In an article titled “
Effect of school-based interventions to control childhood obesity: a review of reviews”
, Amini et al. (2015) investigate the efficacy of school-based interventions in the prevention and management of overweight and obesity among school-going children for an eleven-year duration. Using systemic assessments, meta-analyses, reviews of reviews, and policy briefs, the researchers examine school-based obesity management programs that target children and young adolescents, including interventional studies that have control groups and sought to prevent or manage overweight and obesity within school contexts. Amini et al. (2015) found four systematic assessments and four meta-analyses that met the legibility and were incorporated into their review process. The results revealed that the implementation of multi-tiered interventions did not necessarily result in positive anthropometric outcomes. While the program durations serve as a crucial factor in influencing the efficacy of these interventions, there is a paucity of studies that sought to investigate the length of time needed for effective outcomes of these programs. Evidence-Based Practice Nursing, Research Critiques & PICOT Statement – Childhood Obesity Essay Assignment Papers.
In view of the current variations between girls and boys in reacting to the aspects of the programs in tailoring school-based interventions, the dissimilarities should be taken into account, particularly aiming at children. These interventions can be more efficacious for vulnerable children populations. School-based initiatives for students should be able to report any unwanted or unexpected mental or physical negative impacts that stem from administering them to target populations. Body mass index was identified as one of the most widely utilized indicators for assessing the childhood obesity prevention or treatment trials. However, the researchers observe that overreliance on this metric as the only index for adiposity outcomes might prove misguiding. Moreover, there are very few studies that identify the mental theories and models of behavior change employed in school-based interventions. Therefore, Amini et al. (2015) propose for more studies that take into account psychological impacts of school-based interventions. Evidence-Based Practice Nursing, Research Critiques & PICOT Statement – Childhood Obesity Essay Assignment Papers.
Method of Study
The main methods that were used to undertake the study included systemic reviews and meta-analyses. A meta-analysis can be defined as a form of survey in which previously prepared study reports, not humans, are subjects of the evaluation (McNabb, 2015). In this case, the meta-analysis has been used quantitatively by selecting a total of 61 materials for research. The meta-analyses method is an efficacious way of establishing the state of research findings on a specific subject, since it offers the researcher with the bigger picture as opposed to merely a simple discussion of a single or few parts of the issue or problem under investigation. In order to realize this objective, the researchers conducted a comprehensive literature search of previous works that were done from January 2001 to December 2011. Evidence-Based Practice Nursing, Research Critiques & PICOT Statement – Childhood Obesity Essay Assignment Papers.
The main research databases that were utilized to select studies for research include PubMed, Cochraine, ProQuest, as well as Health Information Research Unit. Other sources of research materials to be evaluated included policy briefs and reports that are widely used both locally and internationally (Amini et al. 2015). A total of 61 research materials were selected for comprehensive analysis. In order to identify appropriate studies, all titles and abstracts generated from the searches were evaluated by a reviewer. This was meant to determine the extent to which they met eligibility standards. Therefore, an assessment of the full textual contents was done by a team of reviewers. Any discrepancy or disagreements were addressed by constructive discussions until a consensus was attained. All the 61 articles selected were assessed against new selection criteria in separate ways. One of the main benefits of this methodology is that it provides a holistic procedure for establishing a coding scheme and criteria for selecting studies. This may include reading study reports, coding the materials, and ensuring that they are subjected to a rigid statistical analysis (McNabb, 2015). This can impose a discipline on the research team that is normally missing in qualitative summarizations and comparative evaluations. Evidence-Based Practice Nursing, Research Critiques & PICOT Statement – Childhood Obesity Essay Assignment Papers
Results of the Study
In total one hundred and six papers were systematically evaluated. They included four systematic reviews and four-meta-analyses. During the first stage of the selection, three reports described as report were screened, which were filtered in the second stage of the selection process. Out of these reports, the researchers did not find any policy brief. Out of the our meta-analyses that were undertaken, one did not find the age ranges of participants incorporated in the studies., In some situations, some studies only took into account single strategies like physical activities or nutritional education for assessment of the studies. Further, others only sought to understand combined or multi-tiered strategies (Amini et al. 2015). A significant fraction of the reviews had quality assessments or a scoring system. The searches span for incorporated evaluations and meta-analyses ranged from 1966 to 2010. The systemic reviews and meta-analyses found that most studies were mainly undertaken in the United States and European nations. The outcomes of the reviews suggested that implementation of multi-component interventions did not necessarily improve the health outcomes. While implementation durations are a critical determinant of effectiveness, researches to examine the length of time needed were lacking. The researchers also found that more than half of the studies that were evaluated utilized body mass index as the measurement method for determining the outcomes of the interventions. Therefore, Amini et al. (2015) cautioned against overdependence on BMI as the sole method of assessing the efficacy of school-based interventions. Depending on it as the only metric for assessing adiposity outcomes can prove to be misleading. Most significantly, the researchers suggest the need to incorporate psychological impacts of interventions that seek to prevent and manage obesity among school-going children.
How the Findings can Be Used in nursing Practice
For nursing practice, the study identifies school settings as some of the most powerful levels of interventions at which the problem of childhood obesity can be addressed. The study gives insights into how nurses can employ different strategies to curb childhood obesity. One of the issues that have been raised by the article is failure by previous studies to utilize multi-disciplinary and multi-tiered approaches to curb childhood obesity. For instance, most studies that have been evaluated by the research have only used few or single approaches, which generate minimal fruits. However, the article sheds light on the need for school-based interventions to move beyond use of only physical education to include dietary education and other practices. Evidence-Based Practice Nursing, Research Critiques & PICOT Statement – Childhood Obesity Essay Assignment Papers.
Ethical Considerations
All efforts that seek to reduce childhood obesity prevalence in schools must never overlook the potential ethical challenges that might emerge. One of the most commonly mentioned ethical issue is stigma. Health care professionals such as nurses and physicians must provide interventions that do not negatively brand overweight and obese people in negative ways (Garbarino & Sigman, 2010). Instead, advocacy campaigns must be launched to discourage acts of bullying, verbal abuses, and discrimination against children who are overweight and obese. In some cases, nurses should embrace the best interest doctrine by examining strategies that work best for overweight and obese children. This may require engaging in extensive consultations with school heads, families, as well as the children themselves. The best interest policy is directly associated with the ethical premise of beneficence (Garbarino & Sigman, 2010). Although conflicts may emerge when there are cases of disagreements on what works best for the child, there is need to take the most effective approach that has minimal potential risks to the patient. Evidence-Based Practice Nursing, Research Critiques & PICOT Statement – Childhood Obesity Essay Assignment Papers.
Conclusion
Childhood obesity is one of the problems that continue to affect the United States and other developed countries. School-based interventions have proven to be some of the most effective strategies to eradicate this public health concern. However, this study suggests that the efficacy of school-based programs strongly depends on approaches that are used. Therefore, use of multi-tiered approaches that take into account elements such as physical education, dietary plans and education, and family-centered strategies promise to generate the desired health outcomes as opposed to using only a single strategy such as physical education alone. Evidence-Based Practice Nursing, Research Critiques & PICOT Statement – Childhood Obesity Essay Assignment Papers.
References
Amini, M., Djazayery, A., Majdzadeh, R., Taghdisi, M. H., & Jazayeri, S. (2015). Effect of
school-based interventions to control childhood obesity: a review of
reviews.
International Journal of Preventive Medicine
,
6
.
Garbarino, J., & Sigman, G. (Eds.). (2010).
A child’s right to a healthy environment
(Vol. 1).
New York: Springer Science & Business Media.
McNabb, D. E. (2015).
Research methods in public administration and nonprofit management
.
London: Routledge. Evidence-Based Practice Nursing, Research Critiques & PICOT Statement – Childhood Obesity Essay Assignment Papers.