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Head-to-Toe Assessment Essay

Head-to-Toe Assessment  For this assignment, perform a complete head-to-toe assessment on one of your chosen participants. Your analysis should include the following:

•Topical headings to delineate systems.

•For any system for which you do not have equipment, explain how you would do the assessment.

•Detailed review of each system with normal and abnormal findings, along with normal laboratory findings for client age.

•An analysis of age-specific risk reduction, health screen, and immunizations.

•Your expectation of normal findings and what might indicate abnormal findings in your review of systems.

•The differential diagnosis (disease) associated with possible abnormal findings.

•A plan of care (including nursing diagnosis, interventions, evaluation). Head-to-Toe Assessment Essay .

•Client and age-appropriate evidenced based practice strategies for health promotion.

•Pharmacological treatments that can be used to address health issues for this client.   Provide your answers in a 6- to 7-page Microsoft Word document.   Support your responses with examples.   On a separate references page, cite all sources using APA format. Head-to-Toe Assessment Essay .

•Use this APA Citation Helper as a convenient reference for properly citing resources.

•This handout will provide you the details of formatting your essay using APA style.

•You may create your essay in this APA-formatted template. Head-to-Toe Assessment Essay

Concept Analysis: Mental Stigma Essay

Purpose

A concept analysis is designed to make the student as familiar with a concept as possible.  A concept is usually one or two words that convey meaning, understanding or feelings between or among individuals within a same discipline. Some concepts relevant to mental health are stigma, recidivism, and deinstitutionalization. Concept Analysis: Mental Stigma Essay.

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Activities and Directions

To begin the process, choose a concept you are interested in, a term you encounter with your work or one with which you would like to research. Look for the measurable quality in your topic of interest, problem or question.

– Write down all of the words you can think of which relate to or express your concept.

– Search the literature for journal articles and books related to the concept to get a sense of the beliefs and thoughts of others in the discipline regarding the concept. Concept Analysis: Mental Stigma Essay.

– Begin the analysis paper with a introductory paragraph expressing what the concept is and why it is significant to you and mental health.

– Develop the Model Case. The model case is a brief situational description validating the concept including all of the characteristics you have listed which describe or make up the concept. The model case should be able to

reflect that If this is not an example of (concept), then nothing is. Concept Analysis: Mental Stigma Essay.

– Close with a summary.

CONCEPT ANALYSIS PAPER

EVALUATION FORM (100 points).

I. Introduction (10 points)

A. Includes the aims & purposes of the analysis    (0-3)_______

B. Justifies concepts significance to mental health         (0-7)_______

II. Definition of Concept (20 points)

A. Describes derivation of definition from common usage, &

nursing use                                                       (0-6)_______

B. Describes & cites a variety of appropriate authoritative

sources from the literature regarding nature of concept  (0-6)_______

C. Definition of concept reflects synthesis &

evaluation of definitions from appropriate sources  (0-8)_______

III. List of defining characteristics (25 points)

A. Each attribute is clearly stated as succinctly as possible (0-5)_______

B. Each attribute is logically an essential element of the

concept as defined                                                      (0-5)_______

C. Each attribute is stated in as measurable a form as the

abstractness of the concept allows                               (0-5)_______

D. The listed attributes comprise all essential attributes of the

concept as defined                                                     (0-10)______

Concept Analysis: Mental Stigma Essay

IV. The Model Case (25 points)

A. Is a logical example of the concept                              (0-5)_______

B. Includes all listed attributes of the concept                  (0-10)______

C. Includes no attributes of other concepts                       (0-5)_______

D. Is concisely stated                                                       (0-5)_______

V. Reference List (10 points)

A. Contains a variety of resources             (0-2)_______

B. Resources are authoritative, classic resources are evident  (0-3)_______

C. Nursing resources are explored                                 (0-3)_______

D. Resources are sufficient in number to justify analysis   (0-2)_______

VI. Layout and Presentation of Paper (10 points) .Concept Analysis: Mental Stigma Essay.

A. Precise APA format              (0-5)_______

B. Grammar, spelling & typing at professional scholarly level   (0-5)_______. Concept Analysis: Mental Stigma Essay

Nursing Questions & Answers

Complete each case study utilizing collegiate formatting (MLA or APA); typed in Cambria or New Times Roman 12 point font in ONE document.  Citations required.

Case studies are case specific. Your answers should reflect the assessment and your analysis of the information in the case study… no generalized answers of all matter regarding the content.

QUESTION 1: Healthcare Delivery and Evidenced –Based Nursing Practice

The registered nurse working in the cardiac care clinic is tasked with implementing quality improvement measures. To educate the clinic staff, the nurse plans an in-service program to introduce concepts of quality improvement and evidence-based practice. Additionally, the role of the case manager will be included in the presentation. The nurse plans on using care of the patient with Congestive Heart Failure as a template, and prepares sample clinical pathways, care maps, and multidisciplinary action plans. (Learning Objective 3)

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a. Describe how clinical pathways are used to coordinate care of caseloads of patients.

b. What is the role of the case manager in evaluating a patient’s progress?

c. What are examples of evidence-based practice tools used for planning patient care?

QUESTION 2: Community-Based Nursing Practice

Mrs. Johnson, a 67-year-old female patient, has recently been discharged from the hospital following an admission for COPD. She has a past medical history of a colon resection related to acute diverticulitis. She developed a surgical wound infection that requires daily wet to dry wound packing and IV Zosyn. Mrs. Johnson was discharged with home oxygen. To manage her care at home, home care visits were ordered. (Learning Objective 5). Nursing Questions & Answers .

a. What would be involved in setting up the first home care visit?

b. Describe the nursing assessments and management that would occur during the visit.

QUESTION 3: Case Study, Chapter 3, Critical Thinking, Ethical Decision Making, and the Nursing Process

1. Mrs. Elle, 80 years of age, is a female patient who is diagnosed with end-stage cancer of the small intestine. She is currently receiving comfort measures only in hospice. She has gangrene of her right foot and has a history of diabetes controlled with oral agents. She is confused and the physician has determined that she is unable to make her own informed decisions. The hospice nurse, not realizing that the weekly order for CBC and renal profile had been discontinued, obtained the labs and sent them to the nearby laboratory for processing. The abnormal lab results obtained later that day revealed that the patient needed a blood transfusion. The hospice nurse updated the patient’s medical power of attorney who was distressed at the report. The patient’s wishes were to die peacefully and to not have to undergo an amputation of her right foot. But if the patient receives the blood transfusion, she may live long enough to need the amputation. The patient’s physician had previously informed the medical power of attorney that the patient would most likely not be able to survive the amputation. The patient’s medical power of attorney had made the request to cease all labs so that the patient would receive comfort measures until she died. The patient has no complaint of shortness of breath or discomfort. (Learning Objective 4). Nursing Questions & Answers .

What ethical dilemma exists?

Who are the stakeholders and what gains or losses do each have?

What strategies should the hospice nurse take to resolve the ethical dilemma?

QUESTION 4:

Chapter 4, Health Education and Health Promotion

he community health nurse is planning a health promotion workshop for a high school PTSO (Parent-Teacher-Student Organization). The choice of topics was suggested by the high school’s registered nurse who has observed a gradual increase in student obesity. The two nurses have collaborated to develop this workshop to provide parents, students, and teachers with information about the importance of health promotion. (Learning Objectives 6, 8, and 9). Nursing Questions & Answers .

a. Describe the importance of a focus on health promotion.

b. According to the health promotion model developed by Becker (1993), what four variables influence the selection and use of health promotion behaviors?

c.       Describe four components of health promotion.

QUESTION 5: Chapter 5, Adult Health and Nutritional Assessment

The registered nurse prepares to conduct a nutritional assessment on Mrs. Varner, a 52-year-old Caucasian female who describes herself as “overweight most of my adult life.” The client states that her health is good. She works part time as a receptionist and volunteers about 10 hours per week in her church. The nurse obtains Mrs. Varner’s height as 64 inches and her weight as 165 pounds. (Learning Objective 8). Nursing Questions & Answers .

a. What is the rationale for computing body mass index? What is Mrs. Varner’s BMI?

b. Calculate her ideal body weight. What is your assessment of her BMI and weight?

c. Based on Mrs. Varner’s BMI and weight, the nurse measures her waist circumference. Describe the proper procedure for this assessment.

d. Mrs. Varner’s waist circumference is 38 inches. What is your assessment?

e. What laboratory values would the nurse review to evaluate Mrs. Varner’s protein levels? Nursing Questions & Answers .

QUESTION 6: Chapter 6, Individual and Family Homeostasis, Stress, and Adaptation

Mary Turner stepped on a nail 5 days ago and sustained a puncture about 1 inch deep. She immediately cleaned the area with soap and water and hydrogen peroxide, and applied triple antibiotic ointment to the site. Today she comes to the clinic with complaints of increased pain and swelling in her foot. On assessment, the nurse notes that the puncture site is red and edematous, and has a moderate amount of yellowish drainage. (Learning Objective 9). Nursing Questions & Answers .

a. Describe the sequence of events that caused the local inflammation seen in Mary’s foot.

b. What is the role of histamine and kinins in the inflammatory process?

c. Which of the five cardinal signs of inflammation does Mary exhibit?

d. Because Mary’s injury occurred 5 days ago, the nurse should assess for what systemic effects? Nursing Questions & Answers .

QUESTION 7:

Chapter 7, Overview of Transcultural Nursing

The nurse manager of an ambulatory care clinic has noted an increased number of visits by patients from different countries and cultures, including patients from Mexico and other Latin American countries. Concerned about meeting the needs of this culturally diverse population, the nurse manager convenes a staff meeting to discuss this change in patient demographics, and to query the staff about any learning needs they have related to the care of these patients. (Learning Objective 3)

a. What strategy to avoid stereotyping clients from other cultures should the nurse include in this meeting?

b. Identify culturally sensitive issues to be discussed in the staff meeting. Nursing Questions & Answers .

c. One technician on the staff complains that some patients never make eye contact, and this makes it difficult for him to complete his work. How should the nurse respond?

QUESTION 8: Chapter 8, Overview of Genetics and Genomics in Nursing

Mr. Wayne is a 38-year-old man with a significant family history of elevated cholesterol levels. His father died at age 42 from a massive heart attack secondary to elevated cholesterol and triglycerides, and two of his older siblings are currently taking medications to lower their cholesterol levels. Mr. Wayne makes an appointment to discuss his risk for hypercholesterolemia. The nurse recognizes that Mr. Wayne is at risk for familial hypercholesterolemia because this is an autosomal dominant inherited condition. (Learning Objective 2). Nursing Questions & Answers .

a. Describe the pattern of autosomal dominant inheritance.

b. Mr. Wayne asks what chance his children have of developing familial hypercholesterolemia. How should the nurse respond? Nursing Questions & Answers .

c. Explain the phenomenon of penetrance observed in autosomal dominant inheritance.

QUESTION 9: Chapter 9, Chronic Illness and Disability

Mr. Edwards is 20-year-old male patient who is admitted for treatment of recurring pyelonephritis (kidney infection) and surgical treatment of a urinary stricture, which has decreased the urinary stream. Mr. Edwards has paraplegia; he is paralyzed from the waist down secondary to an automobile accident when he was 16. He came by ambulance to the hospital, leaving his wheelchair and wheelchair pressure-relieving cushion at home. According to the nursing history, the patient is a nonsmoker and he does not drink alcohol or take any illegal drugs. (Learning Objective 5). Nursing Questions & Answers . 

a. What nursing considerations should be made for Mr. Edwards related to his disability?

b. What health promotion and prevention education does Mr. Edwards need?

QUESTION 10: Chapter 10, Principles and Practices of Rehabilitation

You are assigned to care for David Ramsey, a 22-year-old male patient who sustained a back injury secondary to being thrown from a motorcycle. He did not damage the spinal cord, but the computed tomography revealed a compression fracture at L-2 (lumbar area). David complains of severe lower back pain with numbness and tingling in the lower extremities. You identify the following nursing diagnosis: Impaired Physical Mobility. Nursing Questions & Answers .

(Learning Objective 4)

a. What assessments are indicated based on this nursing diagnosis?

b. List other major nursing diagnoses based on David’s clinical presentation.

QUESTION 11:

Chapter 11, Health Care of the Older Adult

The nurse working at the senior center notices Mrs. Jones, a 78-year-old, crying. The nurse approaches Mrs. Jones and asks if she needs help. Mrs. Jones states “I am so embarrassed. I had another accident and my pants are all wet. It’s like I’m a baby. I never should have come to the senior center.” (Learning Objectives 3 and 4). Nursing Questions & Answers .

a. What factors may be contributing to the urinary incontinence?

b. How should the nurse respond to Mrs. Jones?

QUESTION 12:

Chapter 12, Pain Management

Mr. Rogers is 2 days postoperative of a thoracotomy for removal of a malignant mass in his left chest. His pain is being managed via an epidural catheter with morphine (an opioid analgesic). As the nurse assumes care of Mr. Rogers, he is alert and fully oriented, and states that his current pain is 2 on a 1-to-10 scale. His vital signs are 37.8 – 92 – 12, 138/82. (Learning Objective 6). Nursing Questions & Answers . 

What are benefits of epidural versus systemic administration of opioids?

b. The nurse monitors Mr. Rogers’ respiratory status and vital signs every 2 hours. What is the rationale for these frequent assessments?

c. The nurse monitors Mr. Rogers for what other complications of epidural analgesia?

d. Mr. Rogers complains of a severe headache. What should the nurse do?

e. Mr. Rogers’ epidural morphine and decreased mobility increase his chances of constipation. What interventions should be included in his plan of care to minimize constipation? Nursing Questions & Answers .

QUESTION 13:

Chapter 13, Fluid and Electrolytes: Balance and Disturbance

Mrs. Dean is 75-year-old woman admitted to the hospital for a small bowel obstruction. Her medical history includes hypertension. Mrs. Dean is NPO. She has a nasogastric (NG) tube to low continuous suction. She has an IV of 0.9% NS at 83 mL/hr. Current medications include furosemide 20 mg daily and hydromorphone 0.2 mg every 4 hours, as needed for pain. The morning electrolytes reveal serum potassium of 3.2 mEq/L. (Learning Objective 4). Nursing Questions & Answers .

a. What are possible causes of a low potassium level?

b. What action should the nurse take in relation to the serum potassium level?

c. What clinical manifestations might the nurse assess in Mrs. Dean?

Question 14:

Chapter 14, Shock and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

Adam Smith, 77 years of age, is a male patient who was admitted from a nursing home to the intensive care unit with septic shock secondary to urosepsis. The patient has a Foley catheter in place from the nursing home with cloudy greenish, yellow-colored urine with sediments. The nurse removes the catheter after obtaining a urine culture and replaces it with a condom catheter attached to a drainage bag since the patient has a history of urinary and bowel incontinence. The patient is confused, afebrile, and hypotensive with a blood pressure of 82/44 mm Hg. His respiratory rate is 28 breaths/min and the pulse oximeter reading is at 88% room air, so the physician ordered 2 to 4 L of oxygen per nasal cannula titrated to keep SaO2 greater than 90%. The patient responded to 2 L of oxygen per nasal cannula with a SaO2 of 92%. The patient has diarrhea. His blood glucose level is elevated at 160 mg/dL. The white blood count is 15,000 and the C-reactive protein, a marker for inflammation, is elevated. The patient is being treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and norepinephrine (Levophed) beginning at 2 mcg/min and titrated to keep systolic blood pressure greater than 100 mm Hg. A subclavian triple lumen catheter was inserted and verified by chest x-ray for correct placement. An arterial line was placed in the right radial artery to closely monitor the patient’s blood pressure during the usage of the vasopressor therapy. (Learning Objectives 6 and 7)

a. What predisposed the patient to develop septic shock?

b. What potential findings would suggest that the patient’s septic shock is worsening from the point of admission? Nursing Questions & Answers .

c. The norepinephrine concentration is 16 mg in 250 mL of normal saline (NS). Explain how the nurse should administer the medication. What nursing implications are related to the usage of a vasoactive medication?

d. Explain why the effectiveness of a vasoactive medication decreases as the septic shock worsens. What treatment should the nurse anticipate to be obtained to help the patient? Nursing Questions & Answers .

QUESTION 15:

Chapter 15, Oncology: Nursing Management in Cancer Care

The oncology clinical nurse specialist (CNS) is asked to develop a staff development program for registered nurses who will be administering chemotherapeutic agents. Because the nurses will be administering a variety of chemotherapeutic drugs to oncology patients, the CNS plans on presenting an overview of agents, classifications, and special precautions related to the safe handling and administration of these drugs. (Learning Objectives 6 and 8)

a. What does the CNS describe as the goals of chemotherapy?

b. How should the CNS respond to the following question: “Why do patients require rounds of chemotherapeutic drugs, including different drugs and varying intervals?” Nursing Questions & Answers .

c. In teaching about the administration of chemotherapeutic agents, what signs of extravasation should the nurse include?

d. What clinical manifestations of myelosuppression, secondary to chemotherapy administration, should the CNS include in this program? Nursing Questions & Answers .

QUESTION 16:

Chapter 16, End-of-Life Care

Joe Clark, 79 years of age, is a male patient who is receiving hospice care for his terminal illnesses that include lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). He developed bilateral pleural effusion (fluid that accumulates in the pleural space of each lung), which has compromised his lung expansion. He states that he is short of breath and feels anxious that the next breath will be his last. The patient is admitted to the hospital for a thoracentesis (an invasive procedure used to drain the fluid from the pleural space so the lung can expand). The thoracentesis is being used as a palliative measure to relieve the discomfort he is experiencing. Low dose morphine is ordered to provide relief from dyspnea or discomfort. The patient is prescribed Proventil (albuterol) inhaler 2 puffs per day, as needed, and Flovent (fluticasone propionate) inhaler 2 puffs twice a day. The patient has 2 L/min of oxygen ordered per nasal cannula as needed for comfort. (Learning Objective 9)

a.       What nursing measures should the nurse use to manage the patient’s dyspnea?

b. The patient complains that he has no appetite and struggles to eat and breathe. What nursing measures should the nurse implement to manage this physiologic response to the terminal illnesses? Nursing Questions & Answers .

QUESTION 17:

Chapter 17, Preoperative Nursing Management

The nurse in a gynecology clinic is completing preoperative teaching for a patient scheduled for an abdominal hysterectomy next week. The patient states that she is currently taking 325 mg of aspirin daily for chronic joint pain, along with a multivitamin. The patient has type 2 diabetes; she closely monitors her blood glucose levels. Currently, she is taking an oral hypoglycemic agent. The nurse advises her to ask the anesthesiologist whether she should take this medication the morning of surgery. (Learning Objectives 2 and 4). Nursing Questions & Answers .

a. The nurse instructs the patient to stop taking the aspirin. What is the rationale for this action?

b. Why is it important to assess the patient for use of herbal products prior to surgery?

c.       The patient asks how surgery could affect her blood glucose; how should the nurse respond?

QUESTION 18: Chapter 18, Intraoperative Nursing Management

Pearl Richards, 69 years of age, is a female patient who is in the operating room for a repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. The patient has a history of hypertension controlled with medications, osteoporosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and has smoked two packs of cigarettes per day for 40 years. (Learning Objectives 2, 6, and 9). Nursing Questions & Answers .

a. What nursing interventions are instituted to reduce the surgical risk factors related to the patient’s age?

b. Explain the role of the nurse in providing patient safety measures during the intraoperative period.

QUESTION 19: Chapter 19, Postoperative Nursing Management

1. Rita Schmidt, 74 years of age, is a female patient who was admitted to the surgical unit after undergoing removal of a section of the colon for colorectal cancer. The patient does not have a colostomy. The patient has several small abdominal incisions and a clear dressing over each site. The incisions are well approximated and the staples are dry and intact. There is a Jackson-Pratt drain intact with minimal serous sanguineous drainage present. The patient has a Salem sump tube connected to low continuous wall suction that is draining a small amount of brown liquid. The patient has no bowel sounds. The Foley catheter has a small amount of dark amber-colored urine without sediments. The patient has sequential compression device (SCD) in place. The nurse performs an assessment and notes that the patient’s breath sounds are decreased bilaterally in the bases and the patient has inspiratory crackles. The patient’s cardiac assessment is within normal limits. The patient is receiving O2 at 2 L per nasal cannula with a pulse oximetry reading of 95%. The vital signs include: blood pressure, 100/50 mm Hg; heart rate 110 bpm; respiratory rate 16 breaths/min; and the patient is afebrile. The patient is confused as to place and time. (Learning Objectives 4 and 7)

a. Explain the assessment parameters used to provide clues to detect postoperative problems early and the interventions needed.

b. What gerontological postoperative considerations should the nurse make? Nursing Questions & Answers .

2. Mr. John Smith is admitted to the hospital for surgical incision and drainage (I&D) of an abscess on his right calf, which resulted from a farm machinery accident. The right calf has an area 3 cm × 2.5 cm, which is red, warm and hard to touch, and edematous. (Learning Objective 5)

a. Explain the wound healing process according to the phase of Mr. Smith’s wound?

b. The surgeon orders for wet-to-dry sterile saline dressing twice a day with iodoform gauze to the wound, covered with the wet-to-dry dressing. Explain how to perform this dressing change. Nursing Questions & Answers .

REFERENCE TEXTBOOK:

Fundamentals of Nursing Second Edition Theory, Concepts and Applications by Judith M. Wilkinson, Leslie S Treas . Nursing Questions & Answers .

Bill to Law Process Essay Assignment Paper

Identify A Problem Or Concern In Your Community, Organization, Etc. That Has The Capacity To Be Legislated.

As you have discovered through this course, nurses are influential members of the community and the political system. Therefore, for the purposes of this assignment you will identify a problem or concern in your community, organization, etc. that has the capacity to be legislated. You will conduct research and state a proposal. Through the legislative process, your proposal for the problem or concern may influence an idea for change into a law.

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First, refer to the “How a Bill Becomes a Law” media.

http://lc.gcumedia.com/zwebassets/courseMaterialPages/nrs440v_how-a-bill-becomes-a-law-v2.1.php/.

Then, view the “Bill to Law Process” to watch the scenario.

After viewing the scenario, refer to the “Legislative Assignment.” You will need to save the document first in order to use it. Bill to Law Process Essay Assignment Paper.

Submit the assignment to the instructor. You also reserve the right to submit your completed proposal to the respective government official. However, this is optional. If you select to submit your proposal as a part of the legislative process, refer to “Find Your Representative” or research the contact information on your own. Bill to Law Process Essay Assignment Paper.

( 600-700 words. Find a topic that actually can be legislated (made into a law). It could be a health issue in your community. An example of a problem that troubles me is why restaurant food that is left over is thrown out each night instead of saving and offering it to soup kitchens when 25% of our population has “food insecurity”. Such a topic could be developed into a proposal following the steps on the form.

APA format is not required, but solid academic writing is expected.) Bill to Law Process Essay Assignment Paper

NURS 6051 Nursing Informatics Essay Assignment Paper

Are there areas in your practice that you believe should be more fully explored? The central aims of nursing informatics are to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. This continuum represents the overarching structure of nursing informatics. In this Assignment, you develop a research question relevant to your practice area and relate how you would work through the progression from data to information, knowledge, and wisdom. NURS 6051 Nursing Informatics Essay Assignment Paper.

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To prepare:

Review the information in Figure 6–1 in
Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge
.

Develop a clinical question related to your area of practice that you would like to explore.

Consider what you currently know about this topic. What additional information would you need to answer the question? NURS 6051 Nursing Informatics Essay Assignment Paper.

Using the continuum of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom, determine how you would go about researching your question.

Explore the available databases in the Walden Library. Identify which of these databases you would use to find the information or data you need.

Once you have identified useful databases, how would you go about finding the most relevant articles and information?

Consider how you would extract the relevant information from the articles.

How would you take the information and organize it in a way that was useful? How could you take the step from simply having useful knowledge to gaining wisdom?

Write a 3- to 4-page paper that addresses the following:

Summarize the question you developed, and then relate how you would work through the four steps of the data, information, knowledge, wisdom continuum. Be specific.

Identify the databases and search words you would use.

Relate how you would take the information gleaned and turn it into useable knowledge.

Can informatics be used to gain wisdom? Describe how you would progress from simply having useful knowledge to the wisdom to make decisions about the information you have found during your database search. NURS 6051 Nursing Informatics Essay Assignment Paper.

Your paper must also include a title page, an introduction, a summary, and a reference page. NURS 6051 Nursing Informatics Essay Assignment Paper

NURS 6051 Nursing Informatics Essay Assignment Paper

Quality of Work Submitted: The extent of which work meets the assigned criteria and work reflects graduate level critical and analytic thinking.–

Excellent 27 (27%) – 30 (30%)

Assignment exceeds expectations. All topics are addressed with a minimum of 75% containing exceptional breadth and depth about 
each
 of the assignment topics. NURS 6051 Nursing Informatics Essay Assignment Paper.

Good 24 (24%) – 26 (26%)

Assignment meets expectations. All topics are addressed with a minimum of 50% containing good breadth and depth about 
each
 of the assignment topics. NURS 6051 Nursing Informatics Essay Assignment Paper.

Fair 21 (21%) – 23 (23%)

Assignment meets most of the expectations. One required topic is either not addressed or inadequately addressed.

Poor 0 (0%) – 20 (20%)

Assignment superficially meets some of the expectations. Two or more required topics are either not addressed or inadequately addressed. NURS 6051 Nursing Informatics Essay Assignment Paper.

Quality of Work Submitted: The purpose of the paper is clear.–

Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)

A clear and comprehensive purpose statement is provided which delineates all required criteria.

Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)

Purpose of the assignment is stated, yet is brief and not descriptive. NURS 6051 Nursing Informatics Essay Assignment Paper.

Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)

Purpose of the assignment is vague or off topic.

Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%)

No purpose statement was provided.

Assimilation and Synthesis of Ideas: The extend to which the work reflects the student’s ability to: Understand and interpret the assignment’s key concepts. NURS 6051 Nursing Informatics Essay Assignment Paper.

Excellent 9 (9%) – 10 (10%)

Demonstrates the ability to critically appraise and intellectually explore key concepts.

Good 8 (8%) – 8 (8%)

Demonstrates a clear understanding of key concepts.

Fair 7 (7%) – 7 (7%)

Shows some degree of understanding of key concepts.

Poor 0 (0%) – 6 (6%)

Shows a lack of understanding of key concepts, deviates from topics.

Assimilation and Synthesis of Ideas: The extend to which the work reflects the student’s ability to: Apply and integrate material in course resources (i.e. video, required readings, and textbook) and credible outside resources. NURS 6051 Nursing Informatics Essay Assignment Paper.

Excellent 18 (18%) – 20 (20%)

Demonstrates and applies exceptional support of major points and integrates 2 or more credible outside sources, in addition to 2-3 course resources to suppport point of view. NURS 6051 Nursing Informatics Essay Assignment Paper.

Good 16 (16%) – 17 (17%)

Integrates specific information from 1 credible outside resource and 2-3 course resources to support major points and point of view.

Fair 14 (14%) – 15 (15%)

Minimally includes and integrates specific information from 2-3 resources to support major points and point of view.

Poor 0 (0%) – 13 (13%)

Includes and integrates specific information from 0 to 1 resoruce to support major points and point of view. NURS 6051 Nursing Informatics Essay Assignment Paper.

Assimilation and Synthesis of Ideas: The extend to which the work reflects the student’s ability to: Synthesize (combines various components or different ideas into a new whole) material in course resources (i.e. video, required readings, textbook) and outside, credible resources by comparing different points of view and highlighting similarities, differences, and connections.–

Excellent 18 (18%) – 20 (20%)

Synthesizes and justifies (defends, explains, validates, confirms) information gleaned from sources to support major points presented. Applies meaning to the field of advanced nursing practice. NURS 6051 Nursing Informatics Essay Assignment Paper.

Good 16 (16%) – 17 (17%)

Summarizes information gleaned from sources to support major points, but does not synthesize.

Fair 14 (14%) – 15 (15%)

Identifies but does not interpret or apply concepts, and/or strategies correctly; ideas unclear and/or underdeveloped.

Poor 0 (0%) – 13 (13%)

Rarely or does not interpret, apply, and synthesize concepts, and/or strategies.

Written Expression and Formatting Paragraph and Sentence Structure: Paragraphs make clear points that support well developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are clearly structured and carefully focused–neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. NURS 6051 Nursing Informatics Essay Assignment Paper.

Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for structure, flow, continuity and clarity

Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for structure, flow, continuity and clarity 80% of the time.

Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for structure, flow, continuity and clarity 60%- 79% of the time. NURS 6051 Nursing Informatics Essay Assignment Paper.

Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for structure, flow, continuity and clarity < 60% of the time. Written Expression and Formatting English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation– Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors. NURS 6051 Nursing Informatics Essay Assignment Paper. Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Contains a few (1-2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%) Contains several (3-4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding. NURS 6051 Nursing Informatics Essay Assignment Paper. Written Expression and Formatting The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running head, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list.– Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Uses correct APA format with no errors. Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Contains a few (1-2) APA format errors. NURS 6051 Nursing Informatics Essay Assignment Paper. Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%) Contains several (3-4) APA format errors. Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors. Total Points: 100 NURS 6051 Nursing Informatics Essay Assignment Paper According to Rutherford (2008, para. 15), “Improved communication with other nurses, health care professionals, and administrators of the institution in which nurses work is a key benefit of using a standardized nursing language.” In this Discussion you consider the reasoning behind and the value of standardized codification. NURS 6051 Nursing Informatics Essay Assignment Paper. To prepare · Review the information in Nursing Informatics: Scope and Standards of Practice. Determine which set of terminologies are appropriate for your specialty or area of expertise. NURS 6051 Nursing Informatics Essay Assignment Paper. · Reflect on the importance of continuity in terminology and coding systems. · In the article, “Standardized Nursing Language: What Does It Mean for Nursing Practice?” the author recounts a visit to a local hospital to view its implementation of a new coding system. One of the nurses commented to her, “We document our care using standardized nursing languages but we don’t fully understand why we do” (Rutherford, 2008, para. 1). Consider how you would inform this nurse (and others like her) of the importance of standardized nursing terminologies. NURS 6051 Nursing Informatics Essay Assignment Paper. · Reflect on the value of using a standard language in nursing practice. Consider if standardization can be limited to a specialty area or if one standard language is needed across all nursing practice. Then, identify examples of standardization in your own specialty or area of expertise. Conduct additional research using the Walden Library that supports your thoughts on standardization of nursing terminology. NURS 6051 Nursing Informatics Essay Assignment Paper. Post an explanation of why nurses need to document care using standardized nursing languages and whether this standardization can be limited to specialty areas or if it should be across all nursing practice. Support your response using specific examples from your own specialty or area of expertise and using at least one additional resource from the Walden Library. NURS 6051 Nursing Informatics Essay Assignment Paper. Link to Article: http://ojin.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/vol132008/No1Jan08/ArticlePreviousTopic/StandardizedNursingLanguage.html. NURS 6051 Nursing Informatics Essay Assignment Paper.

NURS 6052 Essay Assignment Papers – Role of theory and models in research and evidence-based practice

In this Discussion, you focus on the role of theory and models in research and evidence-based practice.

To prepare:

· Review the information in Chapter 6 of the course text. Focus on the various conceptual theories and models that are currently used in nursing research.

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· Select one of the theories or models described that is of interest to you.

· Using the Walden Library, search for and identify a research article that uses the theory or model you selected.

· Reflect on how the theory or model provides structure to the research study described in the article. NURS 6052 Essay Assignment Papers – Role of theory and models in research and evidence-based practice.

· Now, think about an issue in your practice area that you would be interested in exploring through research.

· Review this week’s media presentation and consider strategies for locating and identifying a relevant theory or model for a research study.

Post
a summary of the article that you located and explain how the theory or model that you selected was used in the research study. Assess the value of basing research on an established theory or model.

NURS 6052 Essay Assignment Papers – Role of theory and models in research and evidence-based practice

Selecting a Framework

Selecting a Framework Program Transcript

[MUSIC PLAYING]

Have you ever had that same inexplicable event happen to you over and over again but still never found a way to explain it? Throughout their practice, nurses may encounter phenomena that they cannot fully explain. If nurses want to understand such phenomena, they may decide to conduct research on it. NURS 6052 Essay Assignment Papers – Role of theory and models in research and evidence-based practice.

Take Rachel, for example. Rachel is the manager of a group of nurses in a nursing home, and she has noticed that the stress and fatigue levels of the nurses under her direction vary considerably. She knows that the patients and caseloads of the nurses do not significantly differ, and those who seem most affected by stress include both new and veteran nurses. Rachel considers these phenomena and decides to further investigate them through research. But before she can begin gathering data, she must first select a framework to guide her research.

A framework is the overall conceptual basis or rationale for a study. There are two types of frameworks that can be used to guide research– theoretical and conceptual. Theoretical frameworks are used for research studies related to a specific theory. A theory is a formalized explanation of how phenomena are interrelated. NURS 6052 Essay Assignment Papers – Role of theory and models in research and evidence-based practice.

Conceptual frameworks, on the other hand, are used for studies that are not rooted in a particular theory. This does not mean that conceptual frameworks are not based on existing knowledge and evidence. In fact, many conceptual frameworks are based on conceptual models, which are abstract methods of thinking about human beings, the environment, health, nursing, and so on.

There are many methods researchers use to identify a suitable framework for the phenomenon they are studying. Conceptualizing or targeting the specific factors related to the phenomena is one such method. In addition, researchers can peruse databases and printed materials for similar studies, search for established. NURS 6052 Essay Assignment Papers – Role of theory and models in research and evidence-based practice

Selecting a Framework

frameworks that take a position on factors related to the phenomena, and confer with people who are familiar with many theories and models, such as professors, advisers, and supervisors.

For example, in Rachel’s study on stress and fatigue in the nursing home setting, the factors include the nurses, their stress levels, and how they respond to or cope with stress. Rachel uses these factors to conduct searches for similar research studies on stress and caregiver burdens. The information presented in these studies allows her to determine that the most appropriate framework for her study is Theory of Stress and Coping, developed by Lazarus and Folkman.

This theory provides an explanation for how different people deal with stress and how they develop and learn coping strategies. This theory gives Rachel a theoretical framework to begin crafting her research questions and plotting how to carry out her research. NURS 6052 Essay Assignment Papers – Role of theory and models in research and evidence-based practice.

It should also be noted that frameworks evolve as more research is conducted. Each new layer of research that uses a particular framework helps inform future studies using that same framework. But with the initial framework selection firmly in place, the stage is set for a successful research project that may benefit patients everywhere. NURS 6052 Essay Assignment Papers – Role of theory and models in research and evidence-based practice.

The Impact of Ethnicity on Antidepressant Therapy Essay

Major depressive disorder is one of the most prevalent disorders you will see in clinical practice. Treatment for this disorder, however, can vary greatly depending on client factors, such as ethnicity and culture. As a psychiatric mental health professional, you must understand the influence of these factors to select appropriate psychopharmacologic interventions. For this Discussion, consider how you might assess and treat the individuals in the case studies based on the provided client factors, including ethnicity and culture. The Impact of Ethnicity on Antidepressant Therapy Essay.
 

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Case 3: Volume 1, Case #29: The depressed man who thought he was out of options

 
To prepare for this Discussion:

Examine the case study and Take the pretest for the case study.

Review the patient intake documentation, psychiatric history, patient file, medication history, etc. As you progress through each section, formulate a list of questions that you might ask the patient if he or she were in your office. The Impact of Ethnicity on Antidepressant Therapy Essay.

Based on the patient’s case history, consider other people in his or her life that you would need to speak to or get feedback from (i.e., family members, teachers, nursing home aides, etc.).

Consider whether any additional physical exams or diagnostic testing may be necessary for the patient.

Develop a differential diagnoses for the patient. Refer to the DSM-5 in this week’s Learning Resources for guidance.

Review the patient’s past and current medications. Refer to Stahl’s Prescriber’s Guide and consider medications you might select for this patient.

Review the posttest for the case study. The Impact of Ethnicity on Antidepressant Therapy Essay.

ACTUAL ASSIGNMENT

PLEASE Addressed each of the following numbers with a subtopic, all the references used must have an in-text citation in each paragraph. All Articles used should come from USA and must be within last five years only that is from 2014 to 2018. Please do not begin a paragraph with author name(s) (PLEASE USE parenthetical/in-text citations). The Impact of Ethnicity on Antidepressant Therapy Essay.

Post
 a response to the following bullets

Provide the case number in the subject line of the Discussion thread.

List three questions you might ask the patient if he or she were in your office. Provide a rationale for why you might ask these questions.

Identify people in the patient’s life you would need to speak to or get feedback from to further assess the patient’s situation. Include specific questions you might ask these people and why.

Explain what physical exams and diagnostic tests would be appropriate for the patient and how the results would be used. The Impact of Ethnicity on Antidepressant Therapy Essay.

List three differential diagnoses for the patient. Identify the one that you think is most likely and explain why.

List two pharmacologic agents and their dosing that would be appropriate for the patient’s antidepressant therapy based on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. From a mechanism of action perspective, provide a rationale for why you might choose one agent over the other.

For the drug therapy you select, identify any contraindications to use or alterations in dosing that may need to be considered based on the client’s ethnicity. Discuss why the contraindication/alteration you identify exists. That is, what would be problematic with the use of this drug in individuals of other ethnicities?

If your assigned case includes “check points” (i.e., follow-up data at week 4, 8, 12, etc.), indicate any therapeutic changes that you might make based on the data provided.

Explain “lessons learned” from this case study, including how you might apply this case to your own practice when providing care to patients with similar clinical presentations. The Impact of Ethnicity on Antidepressant Therapy Essay.

References/Resources

The Impact of Ethnicity on Antidepressant Therapy Essay. Note: All Stahl resources can be accessed through the Walden Library using this link. This link will take you to a log-in page for the Walden Library. Once you log into the library, the Stahl website will appear. 

–Stahl, S. M. (2013).
Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific basis and practical applications
(4th ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

–Note:
To access the following chapters, click on the
Essential Psychopharmacology, 4th ed
tab on the Stahl Online website and select the appropriate chapter. Be sure to read all sections on the left navigation bar for each chapter. The Impact of Ethnicity on Antidepressant Therapy Essay.

Chapter 7, “Antidepressants”

–Stahl, S. M. (2014b).
The prescriber’s guide
(5th ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

–American Psychiatric Association. (2013).
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
(5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. The Impact of Ethnicity on Antidepressant Therapy Essay.

 
–Howland, R. H. (2008a). Sequenced treatment alternatives to relieve depression (STAR*D). Part 1: Study design.
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 46
(9), 21–24. doi:10.3928/02793695-20080901-06

 

Howland, R. H. (2008a). Sequenced treatment alternatives to relieve depression (STAR*D). Part 2: Study outcomes.
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 46
(19), 21–24. doi:10.3928/02793695-20081001-05

Yasuda, S.U., Zhang, L. & Huang, S.-M. (2008). The role of ethnicity in variability in response to drugs: Focus on clinical pharmacology studies.
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 84
(3), 417–423. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20170809004704/https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/ScienceResearch/…/UCM085502.pdf 
The Impact of Ethnicity on Antidepressant Therapy Essay

Case Study – The Elderly 

Scenario:

As a community health nurse, you are working in an outpatient clinic in a community that serves mainly elderly clients.

This year, you noted that 85 percent of the visits resulting in hospitalization resulted from bronchitis, asthma, pneumonia, and influenza as compared to last year. At that time; the visits were due to colds, sore throats, influenza, bronchitis, and pneumonia, in order of frequency.

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Maria Perez, a 73-year-old Cuban American woman has been referred for community health nursing services following her discharge from the hospital. She smokes two packs of cigarettes per day. She was recently hospitalized as a result of a severe shortness of breath due to an asthma attack. The primary care provider prescribed respiratory treatments using Albuterol via jet nebulizer every 4-6 hours as needed. Mrs. Perez lives alone and has three cats to take care of. Case Study – The Elderly.

Instructions:

Read the scenario above and answer the following questions:

What are the biophysical, psychological, physical environmental, sociocultural, behavioral, and health system factors influencing Mrs. Perez’s health? Case Study – The Elderly.

 

Describe at least three primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention strategies that would be appropriate in resolving Mrs. Perez’s health problems. Why would they be appropriate?

 

What activities related to health promotion and disease prevention would you plan for the late fall? Case Study – The Elderly.

 

How would you evaluate your nursing interventions? What criteria would you use to evaluate care?

 

Your response should be 1 page.

 

APA Instruction
:

 

1-Would need an
Abstract.
Good reference page format, citation and APT format

 

2- After submission, a rating of 0-15% similarity will be considered acceptable.
Over 15% will not be considered acceptable
.

3-NOTE:
  Wikipedia is not a source to be used in any of the generated work; using it will result in a “zero” for the assignment. Case Study – The Elderly

APA Nursing Essay Paper Template Format

 

Paper Title

Author

Institutional Affiliation

 

Author Note

The author note is used to provide information about the author’s departmental affiliation, acknowledgments of assistance or financial support, and a mailing address for correspondence. An example follows:

Nelson L. Eby, Department of Computer Fraud Investigation, Columbian School of Arts and Sciences, the George Washington University; Douglas Degelman, Department of Psychology, Vanguard University of Southern California.

Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Douglas Degelman, Department of Psychology, Vanguard University of Southern California, Costa Mesa, CA 92626.

E-mail: ddegelman@vanguard.edu. APA Nursing Essay Paper Template Format.

Abstract

The abstract (in block format) begins on the line following the Abstract heading.  The abstract is a one-paragraph, self-contained summary of the most important elements of the paper.  Nothing should appear in the abstract that is not included in the body of the paper.  Word limits for abstracts are set by individual journals.  Most journals have word limits for abstracts between 150 and 250 words.  All numbers in the abstract (except those beginning a sentence) should be typed as digits rather than words.  The abstract (in block format) begins on the line following the Abstract heading.  This is an example.  This is an example of what 150 words looks like.  This is an example of what 150 words looks like.  This is an example of what 150 words looks like.  This is an example of what 150 words looks like.  This is an example of what 150 words looks like. APA Nursing Essay Paper Template Format.

Title of Paper

The introduction of the paper begins here.  Double-space throughout the paper, including the title page, abstract, body of the document, and references.  The body of the paper begins on a new page (page 3).  Subsections of the body of the paper do not begin on a new page.  The title of the paper (in uppercase and lowercase letters) is centered on the first line below the running head.  The introduction (which is not labeled) begins on the line following the paper title.  Headings are used to organize the document and reflect the relative importance of sections.  For example, many empirical research articles utilize Methods, Results, Discussion, and References headings.  In turn, the Method section often has subheadings of Participants, Apparatus, and Procedure.  Main headings (when the paper has either one or two levels of headings) use centered, boldface, uppercase and lowercase letters (e.g.,
Method
,
Results
).  Subheadings (when the paper has two levels of headings) use flush left, boldface, uppercase and lowercase letters (e.g.,
Participants
,
Apparatus
).    APA Nursing Essay Paper Template Format.

Text citations. Source material must be documented in the body of the paper by citing the author(s) and date(s) of the sources.  This is to give proper credit to the ideas and words of others.   The reader can obtain the full source citation from the list of references that follows the body of the paper.  When the names of the authors of a source are part of the formal structure of the sentence, the year of the publication appears in parenthesis following the identification of the authors, e.g., Eby (2001).  When the authors of a source are not part of the formal structure of the sentence, both the authors and years of publication appear in parentheses, separated by semicolons, e.g. (Eby and Mitchell, 2001; Passerallo, Pearson, & Brock, 2000).  When a source that has three, four, or five authors is cited, all authors are included the first time the source is cited.  When that source is cited again, the first authors’ surname and “et al.” are used. APA Nursing Essay Paper Template Format.

When a source that has two authors is cited, both authors are cited every time.  If there are six or more authors to be cited, use the first authors’ surname and “et al.” the first and each subsequent time it is cited.  When a direct quotation is used, always include the author, year, and page number as part of the citation.  A quotation of fewer than 40 words should be enclosed in double quotation marks and should be incorporated into the formal structure of the sentence.  A longer quote of 40 or more words should appear (without quotes) in block format with each line indented five spaces from the left margin. APA Nursing Essay Paper Template Format.

The references section begins on a new page.  The heading is centered on the first line below the manuscript page header.  The references (with hanging indent) begin on the line following the references heading.  Entries are organized alphabetically by surnames of first authors.  Most reference entries have three components:

Authors: Authors are listed in the same order as specified in the source, using surnames and initials. Commas separate all authors.

Year of Publication: In parentheses following authors, with a period following the closing parenthesis. If no publication date is identified, use “n.d.” in parentheses following the authors.

Source Reference: Includes title, journal, volume, pages (for journal article) or title, city of publication, publisher (for book). APA Nursing Essay Paper Template Format.

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2000).
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
(4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.

Degelman, D. (2009).
APA style essentials.
Retrieved from http://www.vanguard.edu/faculty/ddegelman/index.aspx?doc_id=796

Garrity, K., & Degelman, D. (1990). Effect of server introduction on restaurant tipping.
Journal of Applied Social Psychology
, 20, 168-172. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb00405.x . APA Nursing Essay Paper Template Format.

Hien, D., & Honeyman, T. (2000). A closer look at the drug abuse-maternal aggression link.
Journal of Interpersonal Violence
,
15
, 503-522. Retrieved from http://jiv.sagepub.com/

Murzynski, J., & Degelman, D. (1996). Body language of women and judgments of vulnerability to sexual assault.
Journal of Applied Social Psychology
,
26
, 1617-1626. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb00088.x

Nielsen, M. E. (n.d.).
Notable people in psychology of religion
. Retrieved from http://www.psywww.com/psyrelig/psyrelpr.htm. APA Nursing Essay Paper Template Format.

Paloutzian, R. F. (1996).
Invitation to the psychology of religion
(2nd ed.).  Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Shea, J. D. (1992). Religion and sexual adjustment. In J. F. Schumaker (Ed.),
Religion and mental health
(pp. 70-84). New York: Oxford University Press.

APA template

Template created by:

Nelson L. Eby – Graduate student of Computer Fraud Investigation

Columbian School of Arts and Sciences

The George Washington University

nelsoneby@hotmail.com

In collaboration with Dr. Douglas Degelman, Professor of Psychology, Vanguard University of Southern California. APA Nursing Essay Paper Template Format

PHI-413V-Death and Dying Case Study – End of life decisions – George

Abstract

Christians believe that there is an all-powerful or omnipotent God who is also omnipresent and omniscient. Aside from this, many facets of life of Christians are governed by the teachings of the Holy Bible. This is the Christian worldview. In this case study of George, a situation that brings about an ethical dilemma portends. Having been diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or ALS, he will soon not be able to talk, move, eat or breathe. The moral and ethical question that therefore arises is whether or not he can choose to have voluntary euthanasia, given that ALS is not curable.

Key words: Christian worldview, ALS, euthanasia, fallenness.

 

Case Study on George, Diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or ALS: Dealing with Death and Dying and Having to Make Difficult Ethical Decisions in the Context of Christian Worldview

It is undeniable that many people in the world believe that there is a God above us who controls everything that happens in this world. Majority of these people profess the Christian faith and believe that their God is an all-powerful (omnipotent) God who also happens to be omnipresent (present everywhere) and omniscient (knows everything). However, there are evil things that go on in the world that make a substantial section of the himan race want to believe that there is no God. The fact that evil can happen unabated, good people can be killed, and incurable diseases can afflict people causing them untold suffering and death all make rhis section of the world’s population believe that the presence of this all-powerful God is just but a myth. PHI-413V-Death and Dying Case Study – End of life decisions – George. For why would he allow his good people to suffer and die from disease and evil? This paper analyzes the ethics involved in the case of George who has been diagnosed with incurable Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or ALS. The disease will eventually render him incapable of breathing unless assisted by a machine for the rest of his life. He is thus contemplating having voluntary euthanasia where he gives permission for the machine to be switched off or for drugs to be injected in him so that he can die instead of suffering. This will be done in a backdrop of the Christian worldview.

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Fallenness of the World

George who is currently 50 years of age has lived a full and active life. He is a successful attorney and legal scholar who also teaches at the university. Apart from that, he is a family man and is involved in the coaching of his teenage son’s basketball team. This means that he is also athletic and a physical fitness fanatic. But all this is about to change because George has just been diagnosed with the early signs of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or ALS. This is a degenerative neuronal disease that causes a deterioration of the myelin sheath around motor neurons. The result is the loss of some vital motor functions controlled by the affected nerves (Hammer & McPhee, 2018; Huether & McCance, 2017). George will therefore soon lose his ability to talk, move, eat, or breathe. What’s more traumatising is that the disease is not curable and worsens gradually to a point of no return. PHI-413V-Death and Dying Case Study – End of life decisions – George.

But how would George interpret his suffering in light of the Christian narrative, if one may ask? How would he interpret the suffering considering that the concept of the fallenness of the world is a reality? Well, in the Christian context there is Job whom God allowed to suffer and be tested by the devil. Being a Christian, George would view his illness and suffering from this standpoint. He would view his situation as a test of his faith and belief in God. However, the reality of the fallenness of the world will nit escape him. And it is this reality that will make him question the very existence of God himself. Fallenness of the world refers to the fact that the world is filled with suffering and evil, and that human beings are afflicted by pain and suffering from natural causes (Dickinson, 2019). As such, George may find himself questioning whether the Christian God really exists. For why would he allow him to suffer like this?

Hope of Resurrection

In the New Testament, Jesus suffered immensely from the persecution of the earthly authorities of the time who eventually crucified and killed him. But the Bible teaches that Jesus was the son of God. It had therefore been prophesied much earlier that he would be crucified, be dead for three days, and rise from the dead on the third day. As a Christian, George would have every reason to believe that he would resurrect when the world as we know it finally comes to an end as written in the Bible. His belief in this eventuality would not be shaken by the fact of the fallenness of the world as he knows it and now experiences at a personal level. PHI-413V-Death and Dying Case Study – End of life decisions – George.

Life with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Having been afflicted with the incurable ALS, George is definitely bound to think about the value of his life as a human being. Being a Christian, life is sacred and must be guarded at all times, regardless of its quality. The Christian worldview holds that only God gives life and also takes it. No other person has the right to take someone else’s life, including their own. With tbis in mind, George is bound to be tormented with the thought of exercising his autonomy as prescribed by the bioethical principle of autonomy. This is where a person or patient affected by disease makes the conscious decision of how their care should proceed. PHI-413V-Death and Dying Case Study – End of life decisions – George. He would also ponder over whether to make the decision that would do the greatest good to himself and his family as dictated by  beneficence (such as considering voluntary euthanasia), or respect the sanctity of life (as espoused by the Christian worldview) and continue to suffer. This is an ethical dilemma compounded by the  Christian belief of the value of life, but which George will have to finally deal with.

Contemplating Euthanasia in the Context of the Values and Considerations of the Christian Worldview

There are several values and considerations that the Christian worldview wiuld consider, even as the question of whether George should opt for euthanasia or not is addressed. As stated earlier, the principal position of the Christian worldview is that all life is sacred regardless of the quality. This directly translates to the position that no one except God should take life. However, there are special circumstances that may warrant consideration of the patient’s and their family’s welfare and wellbeing (beneficence and nonmaleficence). For instance, the Christian worldview will consider whether the person affected (in this case, George) can be productive and support himself. The answer to this question is negative, especially in the latter stages of ALS. It will also consider the suffering and pain that George will be going through. Will the life be wirth preserving if that will be the cause of suffering for George? The third consideration will be whether George will be in a position to continue serving God’s purpose on earth through his deeds. The answer will be negative. PHI-413V-Death and Dying Case Study – End of life decisions – George. George will not be able to do anything and will rely fully on others to live. Last but not least, the Christian worldview will also consider the effect of George’s position on the long-term emotional and psychological wellbeing of his family. Keeping George alive without a realistic chance of feeling better will only be subjecting his family to a lifetime of torment and suffering as well. In all, after looking at all the values and considerations from a Christian worldview perspective, ut would seem that euthanasia would be a viable and the better option.

A Morally Justified Option in the Christian Worldview

After going through the values and considerations above, the Christian worldview has to settle for one morally justified option. This is an option that must bring the greatest good to George and his family ( beneficence), must allow George and his family to exercise theor right to decide the direction of care (autonomy), must not do harm (psychologically, physically, emotionally, and spiritually) to George and his family (nonmaleficence), and must give George and his family all the options of management available to confront the situation without bias (justice). Having considered all the factors, it is clear that the Christian worldview option that is morally acceptable in this case will be voluntary euthanasia. This is the only option at the moment that is able to tick all the above described moral and ethical boxes of beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice. Allowing George to continue living when his life will completely depend on a ventilator machine will not be wise at all. Apart from the emotional, physical, and psychological suffering George and his family will undergo (Corey, 2013), the economic cost will be immense. Ventilators that help patients breathe are typically gound in the intensive care units (ICU) of big hospitals. PHI-413V-Death and Dying Case Study – End of life decisions – George. A single day’s stay on one of these machines in the ICU is usually in the region of USD 100. Morally, allowing George to drain all the family resources when the outcome will never improve is tantamount to subjecting the rest of his family to a life of poverty and want. His children might not be able to go to school or have enough to eat, just because he was being kept alive by a costly machine yet he woukd never walk or talk again.

What Would be the Rational Decision to Make, Viewing the Situation from Outside

Looking at the situation from a neutral outside position, I would also choose euthanasia if I were in George’s position. This is because of the reasons already given in the immediate preceding section.

Conclusion

The Christian worldview shapes the view of the the world that Christians have towards various issues. One of these issues is the value and sanctity of life. As much as there is an all-powerful God who gives and protects life , there is also the reality of the fallenness of the world which states that human beings do suffer and get afflicted by disease and pain from natural causes. When afflicted, there is a delicate balance that has to be struck between what the Christian worldview states and what is morally and ethically sound given the prevailing situation. Euthanasia is a case in point. PHI-413V-Death and Dying Case Study – End of life decisions – George.

 

References

Corey, G. (2013). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy, 9th ed. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning.

Dickinson, T. (May 27, 2019). Christianity’s extraordinary solution to believing in God in a world of evil and pain.
STREAM
. Retrieved 18 February 2020 from
https://stream.org/christianitys-extraordinary-solution-to-believing-in-god-in-a-world-of-evil-and-pain/

Hammer, D.G., & McPhee, S.J. (Eds). (2018).
Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine, 8
th
ed
. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

Huether, S.E. & McCance, K.L. (2017).
Understanding pathophysiology, 6
th
ed
. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier, Inc. PHI-413V-Death and Dying Case Study – End of life decisions – George.

 

PHI-413V-Death and Dying Case Study – End of life decisions – George

The practice of health care providers at all levels brings you into contact with people from a variety of faiths. This calls for knowledge and acceptance of a diversity of faith expressions.

The purpose of this paper is to complete a comparative ethical analysis of George’s situation and decision from the perspective of two worldviews or religions: Christianity and a second religion of your choosing. For the second faith, choose a faith that is unfamiliar to you. Examples of faiths to choose from include Sikh, Baha’i, Buddhism, Shintoism, etc. PHI-413V-Death and Dying Case Study – End of life decisions – George

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In your comparative analysis, address all of the worldview questions in detail for Christianity and your selected faith. Refer to Chapter 2 of Called to Care for the list of questions. Once you have outlined the worldview of each religion, begin your ethical analysis from each perspective. PHI-413V-Death and Dying Case Study – End of life decisions – George.

In a minimum of 1,500-2,000 words, provide an ethical analysis based upon the different belief systems, reinforcing major themes with insights gained from your research, and answering the following questions based on the research:

How would each religion interpret the nature of George’s malady and suffering? Is there a “why” to his disease and suffering? (i.e., is there a reason for why George is ill, beyond the reality of physical malady?). PHI-413V-Death and Dying Case Study – End of life decisions – George

In George’s analysis of his own life, how would each religion think about the value of his life as a person, and value of his life with ALS?

What sorts of values and considerations would each religion focus on in deliberating about whether or not George should opt for euthanasia? PHI-413V-Death and Dying Case Study – End of life decisions – George.

Given the above, what options would be morally justified under each religion for George and why?

Finally, present and defend your own view.

Support your position by referencing at least three academic resources (preferably from the GCU Library) in addition to the course readings, lectures, the Bible, and the textbooks for each religion. Each religion must have a primary source included. A total of six references are required according to the specifications listed above. Incorporate the research into your writing in an appropriate, scholarly manner. PHI-413V-
Death and Dying Case Study
– End of life decisions – George.

Prepare this
assignment
according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is required.

This
assignment
uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. PHI-413V-
Death and Dying Case Study – End of life decisions
– George.

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Case Study on Death and Dying
assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center. PHI-413V-Death and Dying Case Study – End of life decisions – George

 

PHI-413V-Death and Dying Case Study – End of life decisions – George Abstract

In this
Case Study
(2015), a gentleman in his fifties that has been diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). His name is George, who lives in Oregon and is currently an attorney. He plays an active role in his son’s sport of basketball and teaches at a university. Once George understands with what he was diagnosed with, he is aware that this disease will continue to progress. Also, knowing the life expectancy for this disease can be from three to five years, but can be more than 10 years. George understands that medication could only slow down the progression of this disease and there is no cure.

Case Study on Death and Dying

Spirituality can be defined in many different ways, depending how this relates to each individuals worldviews. This can be a person’s beliefs or feelings about meaning to life and their purpose to use in providing quality care. As a healthcare professional, providing compassionate care to each patient, family member or caregiver, as well as their physical, emotional and spirituality despite how one perceives worldviews. According to Puchalski (2001), spirituality can have a strong influence to decrease mortality and increase an individual coping skills as well as recovery time. Also, spirituality can be associated by coexisting within a society and have many different beliefs that maintains different interpretations, which is known as pluralism religion (Basinger, 2015). This is more for the common good under different theories and explanations. In addition, this paper will discuss George’s ethical analysis and the comparison of two worldviews principles on religion.

Worldviews on Christian and Buddhism

As a Christian, prime reality is that God does exist, but there is also good and evil in this world. When a situation becomes difficult to understand or face, one will pray for strength, guidance and entrust one’s own belief in God’s hands. God is everywhere and one is never alone because the presents of God surrounds each individual. God is the eternal being that has the capability to preserve all things. PHI-413V-Death and Dying Case Study – End of life decisions – George. When comparing Buddhism, they do not believe that there is external God (Pope, 2007). Also, Buddhism believes that God did not create the universe and that all exists by spontaneous.

Christian’s views the world as the creation of God and even though there may be individuals that may disagree, at the end it is what one belief and understanding (Shelly & Miller, 2006). God does not close the doors on those in need, but helps open them to those who are willing to accept God into their lives. Buddhism believes that things grow from the ground, if planted and things happen when given a cause as well as a condition. In addition, for the Buddhist it is to reach a state of Nirvana as the essence of their goal (Pope, 2007).

A human being is a creation from God and is more complex than what some individuals may believe in. Each human being is created differently; each mind is unique and has their way of thinking. As a human, one must not take life for granted, be able to care for the body and spiritual need as God has intended. In Buddhism is believed that everything is always changing and nothing stays the same, which is referred to Anicca (Brannigan, 2004). In addition, people wonder what happens when one passes away. PHI-413V-Death and Dying Case Study – End of life decisions – George.

When Jesus died and he was resurrected on the third day, it is believed that life does not end, but continues on in another life. The spirit does not die, just the body that God lends an individual. The choices one makes while alive may affect their outcome in were their spirit may go. A Buddhist belief is that the transformation will occur when they confront their own demons by means of meditation practice (Pope, 2007). Buddhist refers to Anatta, which one has no soul and includes that everything that is associated with having feelings, sensations, thoughts and conscious in being human. Their goal is to reach a state of Nirvana which is considered to be the awakening or Enlightened. Therefore, the possibility for a person to know anything at all when it comes to life.

One thing is that when God created each individual, God intended them to follow his way and not the manly way. Also, when an individual attends church and actually reads the bible, then that individual will obtain the knowledge and the teaching from God. Not only does God teach an individual from good and evil, but also to make the right decision in life. For Buddhist, they ultimately express that all things are interconnected by cause and effect of all things. PHI-413V-Death and Dying Case Study – End of life decisions – George.

People can learn from right or wrong by their parents, teachers, family, their actions, and when attending church. God did not intend for an individual to be perfect; life is full of challenges and trials that are faced on a daily basis. Each individual will learn from their mistakes and attempt to not make that same mistake again. In Buddhism, when an individual lives a life in hostility to that process, they develop bad karma that can affect their quest for enlightenment. On the other hand, if one lives in peace and harmony to that process, they build up good karma that gets them closer to Nirvana (Pope, 2007).

The meaning of human history is that God has a plan for each individual and not to become discourage when faced with difficult situations. The choices an individual makes or decides can affect the outcome. Not to judge others, but to possibly guide them in the direction when they need help or just need someone to listen to them. Also, God forgives those who have done wrong in their life, when they ask. In Buddhism, the main purpose of life is to end suffering by using the Four Noble Truths, which consist of one decision making and desires as well as using the moral principles of the Eightfold path (Pope, 2007). PHI-413V-Death and Dying Case Study – End of life decisions – George. In addition, include taking into consideration of the four principles of principlism when it comes to the George’s analysis to his health.

The Four Principles

The four principles of principlism in George’s analysis when it pertains to his health concerns and through a religious perspective include the following: respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficience, and justice (Lecture 5, 2015). Both religions will respect the patient with dignity. When it comes to the concerns and spirituality belief of George, they both would respect his decision to an extent. PHI-413V-Death and Dying Case Study – End of life decisions – George. Also, when faced with the decision of voluntary euthanasia, both are against it. When it comes to nonmaleficence, both religions are not to cause harm to anyone. When it comes to medication and treatment, one religion may assume the doctor is causing harm even though the doctor is attempting to lessen his pain. For beneficience, the medical professional must respect and be supportive to the patient as well as maintain his religion balance. For justice, it would not allow for George to go through with euthanasia, since neither religion agrees with that decision of taking their life before it is time to die.

Ethical Analysis

George was recently diagnosed with ALS, a disease that has no cure and will continue to deteriorate his nerve cells in his body. He would no longer be able to participate in his family’s activities. When looked upon through a Christian, George will cause him to look for guidance that has caused his Shalom to be unbalance. As a Buddhist, the value of his life would be that he has no soul. That being in this universe is considered as part of the suffering. Therefore, George looks at other options because he does not want to suffer.

He considers euthanasia, which is unacceptable in both religions. In a Christian perspective, this would be considered as murdering yourself before God has indented for you to die. PHI-413V-Death and Dying Case Study – End of life decisions – George. When looked upon through Buddhism, this is considered bad karma, since George is trying to kill himself. Since both religions look upon life as to not to do harm to self or others by means of Shalom or mediation is important to have balance.

This author personal viewpoint is through a Christian perspective. George is faced with an illness that has no cure and medications to only help so the progression of the disease. God did not want us to suffer and see our love ones watch one die a cruel death. Everyone has to think before one makes a drastic decision and fear plays a major part. Euthanasia is the same as committing suicide, just looked upon as someone helping to do the process.
PHI-413V-Death and Dying
Case Study – End of life decisions – George.

Conclusion

The
decision
that George could make may affect him and his family for the rest of their life. One’s own spirituality care can help George face his illness. Also, as a Christian, the spiritual worldview is that not to cause harm to self or to others. To respect his body with dignity and for the health care professionals to assess the patients and families needs. Respect the patients belief and religion as well as built trust with them.

References

Basinger, D. (2015). Religious diversity (pluralism). Retrieved from           
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Pluralism

Brannigan, M. C. (2004). Ethics Across Cultures with PowerWeb: Ethics.

Case Study. (2015). PHI-413V:  Ethical and Spiritual Decision Making in Health Care. Phoenix,  AZ: Grand Canyon University.

Lecture 5. (2015). PHI-413V:  Ethical and Spiritual Decision Making in Health Care. Phoenix,    AZ: Grand Canyon University.

Pope, A. (2007). “Is there a difference?” Iconic Images of Suffering in Buddhism and       Christianity. 
Janus Head
, 
10
(1), 247-260.

Puchalski, C. M. (2001, October). The role of spirituality in health care. In
Baylor University        Medical Center. Proceedings
(Vol. 14, No 4, p. 352). Baylor University Medical Center.

Shelly, J. A., & Miller, A. B. (2006). Called to care: A Christian worldview for nursing (2
nd
ed).  Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic. PHI-413V-Death and Dying Case Study – End of life decisions – George.