Author: admin

NU420M1 transformational leadership theory and research Sample essay

NU420M1 Leadership Theory and Research

Name

Institution

Nursing leadership entails advocacy, action, decision making, and critical thinking. Quality healthcare delivery is promoted by effective leadership skills. Nursing leadership theories merge the desires, abilities, and enthusiasm to promote service delivery and bring change in the organization. There exist multiple nursing leadership theories including the transformational, service leadership theory, Laissez-Faire Leadership, democratic and autocratic among others. This paper seeks to explore the transformational leadership theory, its main concepts and application in moral, productivity, financial decision, training, and ethical conduct. NU420M1 transformational leadership theory and research Sample essay.

BUY A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

Transformational leadership theory is characterized by the imposition of changes required in an organization through teamwork, creation of visions to direct the changes, inspiration and execution in collaboration with committed members of a group (Fischer, 2016). It provides motivation, enhances job performance and improves the morale of the followers through role modelling, collective identity, and connection with their sense of identity, challenging accountability and responsibility, ownership, und understanding of the weaknesses and strengths. These are meant to align the organizational staff with the activities that promote performance. In general, this theory enhances commitment and motivation of the followers towards the right behaviors that achieve shared visions. It creates positive change and valuable with the aim of developing leaders from followers as the end goal. NU420M1 transformational leadership theory and research Sample essay.

The main concepts of transformational leadership theory include idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration. Inspirational motivation guides nursing leaders in the creation of visions to the followers (Masood & Afsar, 2017). Leaders act as role models to the followers who emulate their actions. They also enhance self-efficacy among followers. Another concept is intellectual stimulation NU420M1 transformational leadership theory and research Sample essay. It entails taking risks, soliciting the ideas of followers and challenging of assumptions. This concept recognizes the innovation, creativity and stimulation of followers. A collaboration with followers helps in creating new innovative ways and approaches that promote the resolution of issues in the organization. An example of this concept is seen where the leader promotes independent thinking and autonomy of the followers.

Idealized influence engages ethical behaviors. Leaders have high ethical conduct and moral standards which are emulated by their followers. Great respect in the leaders enhances trust and consequently, a sense of mission and vision is provided to the followers. For example, leaders enhance fairness and justice in the institution which enables the followers to co-exist harmoniously in the workplace. On the other hand, individualized consideration entails mentorship, coaching and guidance of followers through attending to their unique needs. For instance, a leader supports a creative follower to enhance their talent and skills by facilitating their training.

The application of the transformational theory is evident in various areas of a healthcare organization. Through the motivation and inspiration of followers, increased productivity is observed in the organization. Development of new ways and approaches of problem resolution through creativity and innovation promotes productivity. Moreover, role modelling encourages moral and ethical conduct through leadership guidance. Notably, promotion of independent thinking, innovation, creativity creates room for training in the organization as the leaders seeks to advance the skills, abilities and professionalism of the followers (Harrison, 2017). Since the end goal of the transformational leadership theory is to create leaders from followers, it is evident that it promotes organizational training towards effective leadership. On the other hand, the financial aspect of an organization is influenced by the management capabilities of a leader.  In this case, transformational leadership emphasizes on financial changes that propel the organization towards successful achievement of its financial goals. NU420M1 transformational leadership theory and research Sample essay.

References

Fischer, S. A. (2016). Transformational leadership in nursing: a concept analysis. 
Journal of Advanced Nursing
, 
72
(11), 2644-2653.

Harrison, C. (2017). 
Leadership theory and research: A critical approach to new and existing paradigms
. Springer.

Masood, M., & Afsar, B. (2017). Transformational leadership and innovative work behavior among nursing staff. 
Nursing Inquiry
, 
24
(4), e12188. NU420M1 transformational leadership theory and research Sample essay.

Working With Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay

Explain why a developmental assessment of children and adolescents is important.

Describe two assessment instruments and explain why they are used for children and adolescents but not adults.

Describe two treatment options for children and adolescents that may not be used when treating adults.

Explain the role parents play in assessment and treatment

BUY A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

Importance Of Developmental Assessments Of Children And Adolescents

Developmental assessments of pediatric clients form a vital part of holistic care which is a major goal of psychiatric nursing. When conducting psychiatric evaluations, developmental assessments are used to gauge the likelihood of any deviations from normal development physically, psycho-sexually, socially or emotionally (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).  Based on the outcomes of an assessment, mental health practitioners can institute early interventions for any deviations noted. Developmental assessments are also essential since some adolescents and children can present in clinical settings with behaviors consistent with disabilities in development (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Working With Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay. By using these assessments, mental health practitioners can determine whether such disability is as a result of trauma, environmental factors or genetics. When identified early, the right referrals can be made to promote a child’s development and well-being.

Assessment Instruments For Adolescents and Children

           
The use of assessments instruments in adult and pediatric populations is vital in ensuring that the criterion for a specific diagnosis has been met. Generally, the most commonly used instruments for diagnoses are questionnaires and interviews (Sadock, Sadock & Ruiz, 2014). However, there exists a huge difference between the assessment instruments used for adults and pediatric clients. This is attributed to the fact that the details captured in pediatric assessments are obtained from additional sources such as caregivers, parents, and teachers other than just the pediatric client. Assessment instruments used for pediatric clients should be simple, brief, specific and sensitive. Assessment instruments that are specifically used for pediatric clients and cannot be used for adult patients are the National Institute of Mental Health Interview Schedule for Children Version IV and Dominic-R (Hargrave & Arthur, 2015). The former can be used in clinical settings with children between 6-17 years in either a parent or child format. The child format is suitable for children aged 9-17 years of age which the parental format can be used for pediatric clients aged 6-17 years old(Sadock, Sadock & Ruiz, 2014). On the other hand, the Dominic-R assessment instrument uses the images of a child named Dominic to depict several symptoms and can be used for children aged 6-11 years. Even though the behavioral and emotional content it illustrates is based on DSM-III-R, these details can be incorporated with the clinical details of the DSM-IV. Working With Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay.

Treatment Options For Adolescents and Children

           
Play therapy has proven to be a highly effective and successful treatment option among pediatric patients with ADHD, depression, and PTSD. This form of therapy utilizes a play model that is nondirective to promote an environment that is safe and enhances the growth of a child (Blanco et al., 2015). Working With Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay. The other treatment option used for children and adolescents is trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy. According to de Arellano, et al., (2014), trauma-focused CBT is a preferred empiric treatment model for pediatric clients who have undergone some form of trauma.

Parent’s Role In Assessment and Treatment

           
Adolescents and children are heavily reliant on the participation of direct caregivers and parents in care for more successful health outcomes. Parents are relied on by clinicians to obtain exact information on the symptoms that a child presents with, past medical, surgical, psychosocial and family history (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). It is also worth mentioning that, rarely do children or adolescents initiate psychiatric evaluations. Therefore, to comprehensively understand the reasons for evaluation, clinicians can only collect information through interviews with caregivers or parent. However, information shared by children or adolescents should not be ignored since they tend to understand their concerns, thoughts, and feelings better. Working With Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay.

 

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

Blanco, P. J., Muro, J. H., Holliman, R., Stickley, V. K., & Carter, K. (2015). Effect of child-centered play therapy on performance anxiety and academic achievement.
Journal of Child and Adolescent Counseling
,
1
(2), 66-80.

Hargrave, T. M., & Arthur, M. E. (2015). Teaching child psychiatric assessment skills: Using pediatric mental health screening tools. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 50(1), 60-72.

Sadock, B.J., Sadock, V.A., & Ruiz, P. (2014). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry (11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

de Arellano, M. A. R., Lyman, D. R., Jobe-Shields, L., George, P., Dougherty, R. H., Daniels, A. S., & Delphin-Rittmon, M. E. (2014). Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy for children and adolescents: Assessing the evidence.
Psychiatric Services
,
65
(5), 591-602. Working With Children and Adolescents Versus Adults Sample Essay

Bedside shift reporting nursing care Essay

Bedside nursing care

My personal research interest is the use of bedside nursing care as standard practice for change of shift reporting to address sentinel events in the adult inpatient setting in neurosurgery unit. Traditionally, change of shift reporting has been conducted in the nurses’ station when all nurses leave the inpatients unattended to discuss the shift events. However, this practice has been faulted for creating opportunities for sentinel events as concerns quality of care and patients’ safety when the patients are left unattended. The concern about the quality of care and patients’ safety is heightened by the fact that discussing all the patients’ cases takes much time. In fact, it is not uncommon for change of shift reporting in the nurses’ station to take an hour or more (Ofori-Atta, Binienda & Chalupka, 2019). Ofori-Atta, Binienda and Chalupka (2019) place the issue into perspective, showing that approximately 330,000 patients’ in the USA suffer from a preventable harm every year with the harm causing sentinel event when they are left unattended contributing to their death. Bedside shift reporting nursing care Essay. These statistics are significant when it is considered that thousands of inpatients receive daily care across the nation and they experience shift changes during their stay. If left unattended, the patients have a higher probability of experiencing a preventable error that does not necessarily result in death but could cause an injury to the patient and costly to address (Ofori-Atta, Binienda & Chalupka, 2019). As a result, change of shift reporting in nurses’ station presents opportunities for sentinel events when inpatients’ are left unattended.

BUY A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

Given the concerns about change of shift reporting in nurses’ station, the proposal is made for bedside shift reporting to be adopted as standard practice in adult inpatient setting in neurosurgery unit. The change is anticipated to create a patient-centered care approach that improve the quality of care and patient safety. In this case, bedside shift reporting would entail the on-coming and off-going nurses discussing the case details at the side of each patient at the end of the shift. For that matter, the patient and family members are included in the reporting process with the opportunity to make direct inputs even as they are observed and not left unattended for long periods of time (Baldwin & Spears, 2019). In essence, the proposed approach creates an environment in which nurses, clinicians, patients and families work together to improve care safety and quality in neurosurgery units. Through including patients in discussions about their health status and ensuring that they are not left unattended for long, the proposed change ensures that patients do not worry about their safety when making hospitalization decisions. Bedside shift reporting nursing care Essay. Still, it is important to note that even with the proposed change being implemented, opportunities for sentinel events are not totally eliminated from the neurosurgery unit. That is because human element, organizational process flaws and other healthcare aspects create the potential for errors. However, as a stopgap, the proposed solution makes credible effort in ensuring patient safety and improving care quality in neurosurgery units (Dorvil, 2018).

Care transitions at shift change in neurosurgery units create the potential for care errors. Bedside shift reporting can reduce the risk of these errors occurring through offering a three-way verification system that lets the off-going nurse, on-coming nurse and patient/family to verify the care approach. The nurses can also take the opportunity to assess the case, check for adverse events (such as pressure ulcers), and observe the patient’s general appearance. Also, the patient and family members can take the opportunity to ask questions about his/her health status, and set both short-term and long-term objectives with the nurses. Bedside shift reporting nursing care Essay. Through this approach to shift reporting, communication is improved and nurse accountability is ensured in neurosurgery units (Kerr, Lu & McKinlay, 2014). Besides that, nursing personnel are primary care givers and the first line of defense when addressing care quality and patient safety. Bedside shift reporting ensures that the value of nurses as the first line of defense can be leveraged as an integral part of the care plan. This particularly takes advantage of the fact that nurses are accountable for communication that occurs at shift change, such that communicating at the bedside allows the nurse to verify information about prescribed medication, plan of care, physical assessment findings, and health history. Also, it helps in building partnerships between the patients and nurses, with nurses becoming more aware of nursing care issues thus enabling them to plan and prioritize their efforts (Vines et al., 2014).

It is clear that bedside shift reporting in neurosurgery units offers some unique advantages that include saving time, streamlining pertinent information, and improving nurse efficiency. In addition, it ensures accountability and improves nurses’ teamwork through opportunities for working together. Besides that, it standardizes shift reporting format thus reducing incidences of miscommunication. With improved communication, on-coming nurses can prioritize their efforts based on need. Patients similarly benefit by learning about care plan and objectives, getting reassurance, reducing anxiety, and improving satisfaction (Ofori-Atta, Binienda & Chalupka, 2019). Still, bedside shift reporting raises some concerns. Bedside shift reporting nursing care Essay. First, presence of third parties in the room can hinder communication efforts. Secondly, disclosing new information that has not been discussed with the patient could be detrimental. Thirdly, it could interfere with the patients’ sleep patterns. Fourthly, it limits the contribution of patients with sensory and cognitive limitations. Fifthly, it increases reporting time when lengthy clarifications are required. Finally, there is a lack of privacy thus leading to potential violations of HIPAA. Despite the limitations, the rewards from bedside shift reporting is an opportunity for meaningful change in inpatient care for neurosurgery units (Ofori-Atta, Binienda & Chalupka, 2019).

 

 

References

Baldwin, K. & Spears, M. (2019). Improving the patient experience and decreasing patient anxiety with nursing bedside report.
Clinical Nurse Specialist
, 33(2), 82-89.

Dorvil, B. (2018). The secrets to successful nurse bedside shift report implementation and sustainability.
Nursing Management,
49(6), 20-25.

Kerr, D., Lu, S. & McKinlay, L. (2014). Towards patient-centred care: perspectives of nurses and midwives regarding shift-to-shift bedside handover.
International Journal of Nursing Practice
, 20(3), 250-257. Bedside shift reporting nursing care Essay.

Ofori-Atta, J., Binienda, M. & Chalupka, S. (2019). Bedside shift report: implications for patient safety and quality of care.
Nursing,
45(8), 1-4.

Vines, M., Dupler, A., Van Son, C. & Guido, G. (2014). Improving client and nurse satisfaction through the utilization of bedside report.
Journal for Nurses in Professional Development
, 30(4), 166-173. Bedside shift reporting nursing care Essay.

Mental Health in the Juvenile Justice System Essay

My personal research interest is the improvement of mental health care for juveniles within the justice system.  According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI, 2019), a majority of the population within the juvenile justice system suffers from mental illness.  NAMI explains that most of these mental health disorders are not appropriately addressed and recidivism rates are high (NAMI, 2019).  Additional research data is indicated to determine the reasons for the system’s failure to assist in the treatment of these mental health disorders.  Research is also indicated in order to investigate potential solutions to this problem.  Juvenile delinquents with mental illness comprise an incredibly vulnerable population, and this population’s protection is a multifaceted challenge that advanced practice nurses may be able to help ensure. Mental Health in the Juvenile Justice System Essay

BUY A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

Mental health care in the juvenile setting is an important issue with a substantial public health impact. According to a case study described by Burriss, Breland-Noble, Webster, and Soto (2011), an adolescent male suffering from bipolar disorder was repeatedly court ordered to be placed in a detention facility from which he continued to run away.  After approximately one year, during which the juvenile committed other crimes, his mental illness was diagnosed.  The adolescent began participating in a Juvenile Mental Health Court, where he was mandated to receive outpatient treatment and made great advances in his education and interpersonal relationships. This case study indicates that screening for mental health in juvenile detention settings is in need of improvement.  It is probable that the continued criminal activity of the subject in the case study was related to the impulsivity of the manic state of bipolar disorder.  Without a treatment for the disorder, behavior change is extremely difficult.  The case also indicates that traditional detention may not be as effective as outpatient court-based approaches for the rehabilitation of mentally ill juveniles.  Psychiatric nurses may be able to help with the creation and coordination of Juvenile Mental Health Courts (Burriss et al., 2011).  According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA, 2019), in the state of Florida, there is no Juvenile Mental Health Court.  Therefore, the expansion of Juvenile Mental Health Courts indicates a possible means for nurses to become involved in the improvement of mental health treatment in the juvenile justice system.

However, for many children and adolescents, rehabilitation involving an outpatient Juvenile Mental Health Court may not be possible, and they may spend significant time in traditional detention settings.  As I have observed in the clinical setting, children with mental illness benefit from empathetic interactions in a therapeutic milieu setting.  I have shadowed in the Summer Treatment Program at the Nova South Eastern University Center for Children and Families, a day treatment program designed for children with ADHD and other behavioral disorders.  Throughout the day, positive behavior is reinforced by empathetic staff members.  All staff members go through a rigorous training and are supervised by Masters level counselors or Clinical Psychologists. By the end of treatment, even the most disruptive children exhibit behavioral improvements from participating in this positive environment.  However, mentally ill children in a juvenile detention center are monitored by prison staff who lack training regarding mental illness.  Melnikov, Elyan-Antar, Schor, Kigli-Shemesh, and Kagan (2017) created a workshop designed to decrease the stigma of mental illness among prison staff.  This workshop was shown to be successful in decreasing the stigma of mental illness, leading to more positive interactions between staff and prisoners (Melnikov et al., 2017).  While this study was not conducted in a juvenile setting, it illuminates the potential positive impact of such a program.  According to NAMI (2019), children in detention centers are four times more likely to commit suicide than children outside of the justice system.  This statistic indicates that this vulnerable population is in great need of quality mental health care, and at a minimum requires empathetic staff members who will not worsen their conditions. Mental Health in the Juvenile Justice System Essay.

In addition to workshops that may improve prison staff perspectives regarding mental illness, other interventions may benefit incarcerated youth.  Winters and Beerbower (2017) describe mindfulness meditation as a possible therapy for these vulnerable individuals who have likely been exposed to trauma that may impact developmental processes.  Mindfulness is a potential means of preventing future participation in criminal activity and facilitating brain development (Winters & Beerbower, 2017).  Additional research is indicated to explore this potential for a simple, cost-effective intervention that could improve mental health treatment within juvenile detention facilities or in outpatient court coordinated mental health programs.

In conclusion, several children and adolescents within the justice system suffer from mental illness.  While in detention facilities, individuals with mental health disorders may go untreated or even undiagnosed, likely contributing to increased rates of suicide.  Furthermore, the cause of many criminal acts may be tied to mental health disorders, and to not offer appropriate treatment is to criminalize mental illness and criminalize those vulnerable populations who are unable to access mental health services.  Nurses and advanced practice nurses can research various interventions in order to make positive changes for this population.  For example, nurses can investigate and implement improved mental health screening processes in the justice system. Mental Health in the Juvenile Justice System Essay.  In addition, nurses can be involved in increased planning, research, and advocacy surrounding the use of Juvenile Mental Health Courts.  Advanced practice nurses can implement workshops for staff members to decrease stigma and increase understanding of mental health disorders, and they can initiate mindfulness treatment for incarcerated juveniles.

 

References

Burriss, F. A., Breland-Noble, A. M., Webster, J. L., & Soto, J. A. (2011). Juvenile mental health courts for adjudicated youth: role implications for child and adolescent psychiatric mental health nurses.
Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 24,
114-121. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6171.2011.00276.x

Melnikov, S., Elyan-Antar, T., Schor, R., Kigli-Shemesh, R., & Kagan, I. (2017). Nurses teaching prison officers: A workshop to reduce the stigmatization of prison inmates with mental illness.
Perspectives in Psychiatric Care
,
53,
251-258. doi: 10.1111/ppc.12165

National Alliance on Mental Illness. (2019).
Juvenile justice.
Retrieved August 30, 2019, from https://www.nami.org/Learn-More/Mental-Health-Public-Policy/Juvenile-Justice. Mental Health in the Juvenile Justice System Essay.

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2019).
Juvenile mental health treatment court locator.
Retrieved August 30, 2019, from https://www.samhsa.gov/gains-center/mental-health-treatment-court-locator/juveniles.

Winters, D. E., & Beerbower, E. (2017). Mindfulness and meditation as an adjunctive treatment for adolescents involved in the juvenile justice system: Is repairing the brain and nervous system possible?
Social Work in Health Care, 56:7,
615-635. doi: 10.1080/00981389.2017.1316341 Mental Health in the Juvenile Justice System Essay

Reduction of Fall Rates for Post-Operative Patients Sample essay

3- two

Write a narrative of 750‐1,000 words that presents the research support for the projects problem and proposed solution.

Problem Statement: Reduction of Fall Rates for Post-Operative Patients

Make sure to do the following:

1. Include a description of the search method (e.g., databases, keywords, criteria for inclusion and exclusion, and number of studies that fit your criteria).

2. Summarize all of the research studies used as evidence. The essential components of each study need to be described so that readers can evaluate its scientific merit, including study strengths and limitations.

3. Incorporate a description of the validity of the internal and external research.

It is essential to make sure that the research support for the proposed solution is sufficient, compelling, relevant, and from peer‐reviewed professional journal articles.

These are the references used in assignment 2

Everhart D, Schumacher, J.R., Duncan R.P., Hall A.G., Neff, D.F., & Shorr, R.I. (2014). Determinants of hospital fall rate trajectory groups: A longitudinal assessment of nurse staffing and organizational characteristics. Health Care Management Review. 39(4), 352–360.

Kobayashi, K., Kei, A., Yuko, I., Yusuke, S., Nagao, Y., & Shiro, I. (2018). Characteristics of falls in orthopedic patients during hospitalization. Nagoya Journal of Medical Science. 80(3), 341–349.  Reduction of Fall Rates for Post-Operative Patients Sample essay.

Luzia, M., Victor, G., & Lucena, F. (2014). Nursing diagnosis risk for falls: Prevalence and clinical profile of hospitalized patients. Revista. Latino-Americano. Enfermagem. 22(2), 262–268.

Mata, L., Cissa, A., Gabrielle, P., & Moraes, T. (2017). Factors associated with the risk of fall in adults in the postoperative period: a cross-sectional study. Revista Latino-Americano Enfermagem. 25(2904).

Shida, D., Wakamatsu, K., Tanaka, Y., Yoshimura, A., Kawaguchi, M., Miyamoto, S. (2015). The postoperative patient-reported quality of recovery in colorectal cancer patients under enhanced recovery after surgery using QoR-40. BioMed central Cancer. 15(799), 1–6.

Vitor, A., Moura, L., Fernandes, L., Botarelli, F.R., Araújo, J., & Vitorino, I. (2015). Risk for falls in patients in the postoperative period. Cogitare Enferm. 20(1), 29–37.

 

Reduction of Fall Rates for Post-Operative Patients

Name

BUY A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

Institution

Date

Reduction of Fall Rates for Post-Operative Patients

Description of the Search Method

A comprehensive bibliographic search was performed using various electronic databases such as PubMed, Wiley library databases, EbscoHost, Web of science, Google Scholar and CINAHL. The purpose of performing bibliographic search was to locate the relevant and quality research articles to be used in the study topic. Reference lists of the retrieved research articles were also analyzed and any article in the list that was found to have met the inclusion criteria of this study was searched. In addition, to conduct the search, the PICO was broken down into difference terms as indicated below:

In post-operative patients (P), what are the evidence-based practice nursing interventions (I), when compared to no interventions (C), that can reduce the fall rate (O)?

The keywords used during the search included fall rates, fall prevention, patient falls, nursing interventions, and safety and inpatient falls.

The inclusion criteria include peer-reviewed research studies; studies published between 2014-2019; studies investigating fall rates among inpatients; and studies published in English language. Reduction of Fall Rates for Post-Operative Patients Sample essay.

Summary of Research Studies used as Evidence

According to Mata et al (2017) falls sustained during hospitalization results to increased length of hospital stay, complications and even increment of the healthcare costs. Luzia et al (2014) further explains that falls in inpatients can result to trauma of fractures that further reduce the quality of life and the ability of the patient to perform activities of daily living. Vitor et al, (2015) explains that the inpatients are unfamiliar with the hospital setting and this increases the probability of the patients sustaining falls. The reason is that the hospital setting is completely different with the home setting where facilities like toilet and bathrooms are located in completely different locations, as well as electricity switches; this can lead to confusing among post-operative patients and thus increase their risk for falls and the subsequent injuries.

Shida et al, (2015) opines that post-operative patients normally try to achieve their mobility and regain independence in order to be able to return to performing the normal activities of daily living. post-operative period is also characterized with pain which hinders the patient in so many aspects such as walking properly. This shows that surgeries increase the risk of fall for the patients because of the associated physical weakness. Reduction of Fall Rates for Post-Operative Patients Sample essay. This is the reason post-operative patients are at an increased risk for falls. Everhart et al (2014) further explain that patient fall in healthcare setting represent a major patient safety concern.  Kobayash et al (2018) majority of patients undergoing surgeries need special circumstances that enable them to adapt to the perioperative period in order to reduce the risk of fall.  This is supported by Victor et al (2014) who exlians that patients in hospitals especially those within the postoperative during are predisposed to a number of complications and one of the complications is the risk for falls. Accordingly, falls rate among the common adverse incidents that occur among the inpatients.

Everhart et al (2014) conducted longitudinal study in an acute care hospital while Kobayash et al (2018) prospectively used a database within the institution’s incident reporting system. Luzia et al (2014) conducted a cross-sectional study with a sample of 174 patients. The data collection was done using a computerized nursing care prescriptions system and then statistical data analysis was done. Mata et al (2017) used quantitative and cross-sectional method and used 257 adult patients. The data collection was done utilizing sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire. Shida et al (2014) used the QoR-40 and questionnaire to assess the patients’ postoperative recovery. Vitor, et al (2015) used a quantitative approach to perform a descriptive cross-section study. Reduction of Fall Rates for Post-Operative Patients Sample essay.

Validity of the Internal and External Research

The validity of the studies that were selected to be used in this proposal was addressed using different kinds of validity that include convergent validity, face validity, and content validity. According to Dini et al., 2014) these are the key elements used to assure quality in research. Reliability was achieved by examining the consistency of the studies. Various tools used to text the consistency included instruments like Cronbach’s alpha and KMO Bartlett’s test (Dini et al., 2014). However, in some studies the author developed own tools to collect the data while other authors used data collection tools that reliability and validity has been validated. Finally, rigor of the research ensured the validity of the research. This was achieved by performing a wide literature review to locate all available relevant studies and research on the study topic. Tools such as McMaster appraisal checklists and CASP were also used to rate all the articles included in this study to further ensure their quality (Dini et al., 2014). Reduction of Fall Rates for Post-Operative Patients Sample essay.

 

References

Dini, A.P., Alves, D.F.D.S., Oliveira, H.C. and Guirardello, E.D.B., 2014. Validity and reliability of a pediatric patient classification instrument. 
Revista latino-americana de enfermagem
, 
22
(4), pp.598-603.

Everhart D, Jessica S, Duncan P, Hall A, Neff D & Shorr R. (2014). Determinants of hospital fall rate trajectory groups: A longitudinal assessment of nurse staffing and organizational characteristics.
Health Care Manage Rev
. 39(4), 352–360.

Kobayashi K, Kei A, Yuko I, Yusuke S, Nagao Y, & Shiro I. (2018). Characteristics of falls in orthopedic patients during hospitalization.
Nagoya J Med Sci
. 80(3), 341–349.

Luzia M, Victor G & Lucena F. (2014). Nursing Diagnosis Risk for falls: prevalence and clinical profile of hospitalized patients. Rev.
Latino-Am. Enfermagem
. 22(2), 262–268.

Mata L. Cissa A, Gabrielle P & Moraes T. (2017). Factors associated with the risk of fall in adults in the postoperative period: a cross-sectional study.
Rev Lat Am Enfermagem
. 25(2904).

Shida D, Wakamatsu K, Tanaka Y, Yoshimura A, Kawaguchi M, Miyamoto S, et al. (2015). The postoperative patient-reported quality of recovery in colorectal cancer patients under enhanced recovery after surgery using QoR-40.
BMC Cancer
. 15(799), 1–6.

Vitor A, Moura L, Fernandes L, Botarelli FR, Araújo J & Vitorino I. (2015). Risk for falls in patients in the postoperative period.
Cogitare Enferm
. 20(1), 29–37. Reduction of Fall Rates for Post-Operative Patients Sample essay

Capstone proposal on how to reduce fall rates in post-operative patients on the surgical unit

The proposed problem description for your EBP project, should address the following:

My capstone proposal

BUY A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

How to reduce fall rates for post-operative patients in the surgical unit

1)Describe the background of the problem. Tell the story of the issue and why it deserves attention.

2)Identify the stakeholders/change agents. Who, or what organizations, are concerned, may benefit from, or are affected by this proposal. List the interested parties, patients, students, agencies, Joint Commission, etc

3) State the purpose and project objectives in specific, realistic, and measurable terms. The objective should address what is to be gained. This is a restatement of the question, providing focus. Measurements need to be taken before and after the evidence‐based practice is introduced to identify the expected changes.

4) Provide supportive rationale that the problem or issue is an important one for nursing to resolve using relevant professional literature sources.

5)Develop an initial reference list to assure that there is adequate literature to support your evidence‐based practice project. Follow the ”Steps to an Efficient Search to Answer a Clinical Question” box in chapter 3 of the textbook. Use ”NUR‐699 Search Method Example” to assist you. Capstone proposal on how to reduce fall rates in post-operative patients on the surgical unit.

6) The majority of references should be research articles. However, national sources such as Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Department of Health and Human Resources (HHS), or the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and others may be used when you are gathering statistics to provide the rationale for the problem.

 

 

Capstone Proposal

Name

Institution

Date

 

 

Capstone Proposal on how to Reduce Fall Rates in Post-Operative Patients on the Surgical Unit

Background of the Problem

Falls and their ensuing injuries significantly impact the physical, social and mental health of patients within a healthcare organization (Wildes et al, 2015). The length of the hospital stay of patients who sustain fall can extend for almost 13 days, and the incidence of such events can increase healthcare costs by about 61 percent (Mata et al, 2017). According to Luzia et al (2014) falls of hospitalized patients can lead to fracture or trauma that cause a reduction in activities of daily living. Sometimes the falls can be fatal. Accordingly, fall prevention is an important element of nursing care during patients’ hospital stay.

Patients are not normally familiar with the hospital environment and this increases the risk of falls. The arrangement of wards differs since light switches are located at different locations, and so are other facilities such as bathroom and the toilet; this can confuse post-operative patients and increase the risk of such patients falling and sustaining injuries (Vitor et al, 2015). Capstone proposal on how to reduce fall rates in post-operative patients on the surgical unit

Surgical recovery is the time in which patients strive to regain their independence and as a result, achieve their return to activities of daily living. However, the surgical procedure increases the risk of fall for post-operative patients due to the weak physical state associated with the illness, and the subsequent surgery (Shida et al, 2015). Therefore, post-operative patients are weaker and can sustain falls afterward.

Therefore, there indicates the need to implement strategies to reduce fall rates for post-operative patients in the surgical unit.

The Stakeholders/Change Agents

Registered nurses

Unit manager

Physicians

Orthopedic specialists

Nurse champions

Pharmacy representative

Risk management department

Patients

American Nurses Association

National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (ANA–NDNQI)

The Purpose and Project Objectives

The specific aim of the proposed project is to attain a 50% decrease of the overall fall incidents per 1000 patient days in the surgical unit and to lengthen days between falls to an average of 30 days within six months. The objective of the program is thus to establish a culture of safety in the surgical unity by decreasing fall events within the unit. Fall events among post-operative patients can lead to patient injury, patient mortality, reduce the functional mobility of the patient, increase the hospital length of stay, as well as raise the healthcare cost (Kobayashi et al, 2018). Capstone proposal on how to reduce fall rates in post-operative patients on the surgical unit

The proposed project also aims to prevent patient harm and injury that results from fall incidents using a sustainable fall prevention program. In addition, the proposed project aims to engage the organizational staff members to drive a culture of safety through improved communication and also identify lessons from each fall incident. Finally, the project aims to decrease the cost for fall with injury as well as lower exposure to lawsuits, and improve the unit’s and hospital’s public image (Everhart et al, 2014). Basically, the proposed project can significantly impact the safety and quality of care in the surgical unit and the hospital at large.

The proposed model to guide the surgical unit in reducing the fall rate is the Kotter change model. The model will help in identifying the driving and restraining forces during the fall reduction process. Using the Kotter change model, the hospital leadership will be informed about the urgency and the significance of the fall reduction project and request for aid to support and facilitate the implementation of the proposed project (Vitor et al, 2015).

The project’s efficacy will be measured by measuring the percentage of the fall rate per 1000 patient days pre-project and post-project. The other measurement will involve measuring the number of days between falls for the patients sustaining falls within the surgical unit. Data about fall events within the surgical unit will be collected and entered into the system as falls happen for six months. This will assist in establishing baseline data regarding the rate of falls as well as falls with injury in the unit.  Similarly, after the end of the project’s implementation, data on the same will be collected. The baseline data and the post-project data will be analyzed and compared in order to determine the efficacy of the project and at the same time identify the key contributing factors that cause falls in the surgical unit. Capstone proposal on how to reduce fall rates in post-operative patients on the surgical unit

Rationale that the Problem or Issue Needs to be Addressed

As aforementioned, falls are associated with poor health outcomes, increased mortality rate, loss of function, inability to perform activities of daily living, increased the length of hospital stay and increased healthcare costs (Shida et al, 2015). In addition, pre-operative patients are weaker and hence at an increased risk of sustaining falls. This is made worse by the fact that when pre-operative patients sustain falls, this may adversely affect the surgical procedure and even lead to severe injury or fatality (Mata et al, 2017). It is, therefore, the duty of clinicians to influence quality and safe care to the unit they provide care. The proposed project, therefore, aims to reduce the fall rate in the surgical unit and thus improve safety and health outcomes for the pre-operative patients. Capstone proposal on how to reduce fall rates in post-operative patients on the surgical unit.

 

 

References

Everhart D, Jessica S, Duncan P, Hall A, Neff D & Shorr R. (2014). Determinants of hospital fall rate trajectory groups: A longitudinal assessment of nurse staffing and organizational characteristics.
Health Care Manage Rev
. 39(4), 352–360.

Kobayashi K, Kei A, Yuko I, Yusuke S, Nagao Y, & Shiro I. (2018). Characteristics of falls in orthopedic patients during hospitalization.
Nagoya J Med Sci
. 80(3), 341–349.

Luzia M, Victor G & Lucena F. (2014). Nursing Diagnosis Risk for falls: prevalence and clinical profile of hospitalized patients. Rev.
Latino-Am. Enfermagem
. 22(2), 262–268.

Mata L. Cissa A, Gabrielle P & Moraes T. (2017). Factors associated with the risk of fall in adults in the postoperative period: a cross-sectional study.
Rev Lat Am Enfermagem
. 25(2904).

Shida D, Wakamatsu K, Tanaka Y, Yoshimura A, Kawaguchi M, Miyamoto S, et al. (2015). The postoperative patient-reported quality of recovery in colorectal cancer patients under enhanced recovery after surgery using QoR-40.
BMC Cancer
. 15(799), 1–6.

Vitor A, Moura L, Fernandes L, Botarelli FR, Araújo J & Vitorino I. (2015). Risk for falls in patients in the postoperative period.
Cogitare Enferm
. 20(1), 29–37.

Wildes T, Dua P, Fowler SA, Miller JP, Carpenter CR, Avidan MS, et al. (2015). Systematic review of falls in older adults with cancer.
J Geriatr Oncol
. 1(6), 70–83. Capstone proposal on how to reduce fall rates in post-operative patients on the surgical unit

Capstone Research Summary table

3 -1

To begin, work through the reference list that was created in the ”Section B: Problem Description” assignment in Topic 2. Appraise each resource using the ”Rapid Critical Appraisal Checklists,” available in the textbook appendix. The specific checklist you use will be determined by the type of evidence within the resource.

Then, develop a research table to organize and summarize the research studies. Using a summary table allows you to be more concise in your narrative description. Only research studies used to support your intervention are summarized in this table. Refer to the ”Evaluation Table Template,” available in the textbook appendix. Use the ”Evaluation Table Template” as an adaptable template.

Problem Statement: Reduction of Fall Rates for Post-Operative Patients Capstone Research Summary table.

BUY A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

TEXT BOOK

Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2019). Evidence-based practice in nursing and

healthcare: A guide to best practice (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Walters Kluwer.

These are the references used in assignment 2

Everhart D, Schumacher, J.R., Duncan R.P., Hall A.G., Neff, D.F., & Shorr, R.I. (2014). Determinants of hospital fall rate trajectory groups: A longitudinal assessment of nurse staffing and organizational characteristics. Health Care Management Review. 39(4), 352–360.

Kobayashi, K., Kei, A., Yuko, I., Yusuke, S., Nagao, Y., & Shiro, I. (2018). Characteristics of falls in orthopedic patients during hospitalization. Nagoya Journal of Medical Science. 80(3), 341–349.

Luzia, M., Victor, G., & Lucena, F. (2014). Nursing diagnosis risk for falls: Prevalence and clinical profile of hospitalized patients. Revista. Latino-Americano. Enfermagem. 22(2), 262–268.

Mata, L., Cissa, A., Gabrielle, P., & Moraes, T. (2017). Factors associated with the risk of fall in adults in the postoperative period: a cross-sectional study. Revista Latino-Americano Enfermagem. 25(2904). Capstone Research Summary table

Shida, D., Wakamatsu, K., Tanaka, Y., Yoshimura, A., Kawaguchi, M., Miyamoto, S. (2015). The postoperative patient-reported quality of recovery in colorectal cancer patients under enhanced recovery after surgery using QoR-40. BioMed central Cancer. 15(799), 1–6.

Vitor, A., Moura, L., Fernandes, L., Botarelli, F.R., Araújo, J., & Vitorino, I. (2015). Risk for falls in patients in the postoperative period. Cogitare Enferm. 20(1), 29–37.

 

 

Summary Table

Name

Institution

Date

 

 

Summary Table

Author (Year)

Title

Aim

Design

Sample, number of participants

Level of evidence

Findings

Everhart et al (2014)

Determinants of hospital fall rate trajectory groups: A longitudinal assessment of nurse staffing and organizational characteristics

To establish if hospitals can be classified into fall rate trajectory groups & to determine the characteristics of the nurses and healthcare organizations allied to hospital fall rate trajectory groups.

4-month longitudinal study

Capstone Research Summary table

1,529 hospitals

 

U.S. acute care general hospitals taking part in the National Database for Nursing Quality Indicators

Level 4

Magnet hospitals lower rates of falls

Hospitals did not change their fall performance over time

There is a relationship between nurse staffing and the rate of falls

Kobayashi et al (2018)

Characteristics of falls in orthopedic patients during hospitalization

 

To establish characteristics over five years of cases of fall in orthopedic patient

Prospective study

Prospective analysis of 212,617 inpatients

Assessment of fall risk,

Level 2

Fall rate is high in orthopedic patients, irrespective of a low risk management score. Therefore, it is important to ensure frequent assessments at short intervals and fall risk assessments for hospitalized orthopedic patients

Luzia et al (2014)

Nursing Diagnosis Risk for falls: prevalence and clinical profile of hospitalized patients

 

To determine the incidence of diagnosis of falls in the adult patients admitted within surgical and clinical wards in order to classify the clinical profile and identify the risk factors associated with risk for falls

Capstone Research Summary table

A cross-sectional study

174 patients

University hospital in Brazil, with 795 beds

 

Data collection was done using on-line hospital records and computerized nursing care prescriptions system and statistical analysis was done

Level 5

The risk for falls of the inpatients in surgical and clinical wards was found to be low in the researched organizations. The patients at higher risk of falls included older adults, men, surgical patients, and patients with cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders. The risk factors for diagnosis of risk for falls included impaired mobility, increased age, neurological changes, and vulnerability associated with impaired health and medical procedures

Mata et al (2017)

Factors associated with the risk of fall in adults in the postoperative period: a cross-sectional study

To examine factors linked with the risk of fall in patients undergoing surgical procedures

A quantitate cross-sectional study

Hospital in state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

257 adult inpatients

Data collection done using sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, the Morse Fall Scale, and the Quality of Recovery Score

Descriptive statistical analysis and multinomial logistic regression used to perform data analysis

Level 5

Factors associated with the risk of fall in adults in the postoperative hospital stay include age, surgical recovery, diabetes, cancer, and systemic arterial hypertension

Shida et al (2015)

The postoperative patient-reported quality of recovery in colorectal cancer patients under enhanced recovery after surgery using QoR-40

To examine if early discharge from the hospital after surgery is compatible with a better outcome from according to the perspective of the patients

A cross-sectional study

Tokyo Bokutoh Metropolitan in Hospital Tokyo Bokutoh Metropolitan Hospital

Data collected using QoR-40, a recovery-specific and patient-rated questionnaire

Level 5

Surgical procedures affect the quality of life of patients and this included mobility. Therefore, patients should not be discharged early after surgery to lower the risk associated with early hospital discharge post-operative

 

Vitor et al (2015)

Risk for falls in patients in the postoperative period

To determine and identify the factors associated with a diagnosis of risk for falls & the major risk factors in patients recovering after surgical procedures with a university hospital

A descriptive cross-sectional study, using a quantitative approach

Capstone Research Summary table

Public tertiary teaching hospital located in the municipality of Natal/ Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Sample included patients in the postoperative period, admitted within the clinical surgical units of the hospital.

Sample size: 80 patients.

Level 5

Risk for falls ND found in 69 patients (86.25% of the sample)

There is a significant relationship between the surgical procedure (postoperative condition) and the elevated susceptibility of the person the risk of falls. The risk for falls during the postoperative period was attributable to syncope, weakness, and loss of balance

Anemia is a predisposing factor for falls

Narcotic and/or opioid medications used during hospitalization can be attributed to the increased risk for falls

 

 

 

 

References

Everhart D, Schumacher, J.R., Duncan R.P., Hall A.G., Neff, D.F., & Shorr, R.I. (2014). Determinants of hospital fall rate trajectory groups: A longitudinal assessment of nurse staffing and organizational characteristics.
Health Care Management Review
. 39(4), 352–360.

Kobayashi, K., Kei, A., Yuko, I., Yusuke, S., Nagao, Y., & Shiro, I. (2018). Characteristics of falls in orthopedic patients during hospitalization.
Nagoya Journal of Medical Science
. 80(3), 341–349. Capstone Research Summary table

Luzia, M., Victor, G., & Lucena, F. (2014). Nursing diagnosis risk for falls: Prevalence and clinical profile of hospitalized patients. Revista. Latino-Americano.
Enfermagem
. 22(2), 262–268.

Mata, L., Cissa, A., Gabrielle, P., & Moraes, T. (2017). Factors associated with the risk of fall in adults in the postoperative period: a cross-sectional study.
Revista Latino-Americano Enfermagem.
25(2904).

Shida, D., Wakamatsu, K., Tanaka, Y., Yoshimura, A., Kawaguchi, M., Miyamoto, S. (2015).

The postoperative patient-reported quality of recovery in colorectal cancer patients under enhanced recovery after surgery using QoR-40.
BioMed central Cancer
. 15(799), 1–6.

Vitor, A., Moura, L., Fernandes, L., Botarelli, F.R., Araújo, J., & Vitorino, I. (2015). Risk

for falls in patients in the postoperative period.
Cogitare Enferm
. 20(1), 29–37 Capstone Research Summary table.

Ethical Memoir

Compose a 2-page paper that describes a particular moral-ethical dilemma that you encountered and what the outcome of that dilemma was. Did you solve the dilemma? If so, how? If not, what were the repercussions or consequences? What would you do differently if faced with the same problem today? What is the importance of good ethics? Why should we be concerned about our actions? Use the learning and reading for this week as a basis for this paper. Regard the questions as prompts, not an ordering of your responses. Regard the questions as prompts, not an ordering of your responses. This is not a Q&A essay, but rather a graceful reflection regarding a difficult ethical dilemma you faced Ethical Memoir.

Policy Brief Part 2 – Cost disparity in healthcare delivery essay

Policy Brief Part 2

Name

Institution

 

Introduction

Policy briefs communicate the healthcare issues and solutions to the government. This paper acts as a continuation of the policy brief that sought to resolve the problem of healthcare costs which is a disparity in healthcare delivery.  The alternatives recommended for the healthcare cost include the presentation of data to the consumer.  This intends to promote transparency and sharing of the information needed by the consumer in a personalized and user-friendly manner which assists in increasing accountability of financial resources in the healthcare system and also in reduction of costs. Another alternative resolution identified is the creation of regulatory reforms that promote healthcare transparency. This involves the creation of databases to allow the comparison of prices, for particular procedures and health plans.

BUY A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

Global Factors Associated

The presentation of medical data is associated will increasing transparency in the hospital billing. This is associated with the global economic factors in that the management of healthcare costs in the US will set an example to the global environment. The overall costs of healthcare will go down thus enhancing global accessibility of medical services as well as promote prevention. National health status affects the global stability of disease management. Citizens of outside countries seek medical attention from the US health facilities and thus they benefit from the lowered costs related to accountability and transparency (Rushefsky & Patel, 2016). The presentation of medical information also helps the global population to demand for similar initiatives to help reduce the economic burden of healthcare. Policy Brief Part 2 – Cost disparity in healthcare delivery essay.

Creation of regulatory reforms is associated with the global political factors. Change in policies is an initiative of the government in collaboration with the healthcare sector. As such, the American system sets a global example in developing policies that reduce the cost of care that could be applied by international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) which promote the global healthcare access. Different states are able to advocate for reforms associated with insurance premiums, conduct comparisons and create effective regulations that promote the wellbeing of the people through reduced costs.

Final Recommendation

The continued increase of healthcare costs has become a global concern not only in the United States but also in the global setting. The final recommendation is to implement the proposed resolutions in order to resolve the cost of healthcare issue. The two alternatives enhance transparency and accountability in the health sector as well as encourage effective regulations through reforms that reduce healthcare wastage, exploitation and cost. Policy Brief Part 2 – Cost disparity in healthcare delivery essay. However, legislations tend to be more effective and universal and therefore, the creation of regulatory reforms that promote healthcare transparency is the best possible recommendation for resolution of this issue.

Implementation Plan

The policy should be implemented. The implementation plan will consist of the initiation, planning, implementation and closure phase. It will begin with the determination of the structure of the organization, promotion and project monitoring. Next, the review and refining of the action plan will take place followed by preparation for implementation. Consequently, a preparation for evaluation using models and methods will be done. This step will determine whether the goals of the policy have been met. Based on the evaluation results the next step in the implementation plan will be to make the mid-course corrections. This follows the development of a communication plan for the implementation and ends with the dissemination of information.

Communication Strategy

Communication plans for policy implementation are significant in organizing the reporting of the process and progress of the project to the community. The frequency of communication, format, leadership and the involvement of the partners and the community is considered during the development of a communication strategy. For the communication of the policy reforms media outlets will be the most effective channel of reaching the community. This will involve televisions, radio and social media platforms that are easily accessible to most of the country’s population (Bekker, 2007). The central message of communication is the management of hospital costs through policy reforms and legislation.

The target audience for the reforms includes the hospitals, insurance payers, providers, billers consumers, the government, health organizations and officials and the general population. The hospitals are the biggest stakeholder in the implementation of the policy reforms and their involvement in the reforms is notable too. The providers include nurses and pharmacists who write the medical records and note the services provided. Accuracy in recording is essential in effecting the proposed resolutions. Billers generate bills for the patients and payers and thus eliminating of errors in their work is a strategy of accountability and transparency in the hospital. Consequently, insurance providers are involved in the reforms as they provide data regarding their premiums to allow comparison by the community which is the core consumers. The support organizations involved in the implementation of policies include the World Health Organization, the non-governmental health related agencies and the health advocacy groups. Policy Brief Part 2 – Cost disparity in healthcare delivery essay.

Information dissemination involves the generation and effective spread of research evidence among policy makers. Dissemination will involve the publishing of policy briefs in the public platforms easily accessible to all citizens. A presentation in the national health meetings and conferences of healthcare professionals as well as the local community groups will be done. Moreover, program materials such as guides, flyers, DVDs and pamphlets will be distributed and also, social media publications will enable information sharing across a large population. A press release is an essential tool of information dissemination for the policy reforms too.

Evaluation Plan

Evaluation helps in monitoring the progress of the reforms. As such, they facilitate the revision and improvement of action plans for implementation of changes. The evaluation will begin with the definition of outcomes. In this case, the outcomes will be based on the feedback and numeric form. The outcomes will be the anticipated changes which will be reduced cost of healthcare. Moreover, transparency and accountability through information sharing to the public will be an essential outcome Policy Brief Part 2 – Cost disparity in healthcare delivery essay. The plan to evaluate the outcomes will result in changes in indicators, strategies and objectives. The plan will focus on the measurable and observable results of the process.

Notably, the evaluation plan will involve the quantitative approach. This will be characterized by observation of measurable outcomes including the cost of implementing the reforms, the cost saved for hospital services and the patient feedback regarding the changes. Monitoring of the cost will be done using the monitoring and updating systems. These systems assist in monitoring and sharing data and results and they include community-balanced scorecards, Web-based dashboards, software and databases among others. The systems are customized to capture the costs and analyze according to time in order to generate quantitative data results on the cost changes.  The National Association of City and County Health Officials, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, the government and the healthcare laws provide standards that must be met by policy reforms in healthcare (
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
, 2019).

Accreditation standards by the above entities ensure ethical practice. This helps prevent ethical conflicts associated with the autonomy of the patients which ensures that they are involved in decision making regarding their treatment plans. Reduction of hospital costs through policy reforms upholds beneficence (Wirt, 2012). However, the confidentiality of medical records is affected by the presentation of information to the public as well as sharing of databases for transparency. In this case, coding of information to prevent the exposure of personal client information will be done to retain the privacy of the sensitive health information. This will resolve the ethical conflict and ensure accountability and transparency. Finally, the results will be reported through a press conference, social media and streaming media as well as presentation in healthcare conferences and meetings as well as the local community meetings Policy Brief Part 2 – Cost disparity in healthcare delivery essay.

Conclusion

Policy briefs are essential in imposing changes in the healthcare sector through communication. Change in policies allows the implementation of best possible evidence based approaches towards improving the health sector. The increase in health costs has caused health disparities related to economic status which has discouraged the access to medical services. Therefore, implementing reforms that seek to improve accountability and transparency as well as inform the population on the pries of insurance premiums and average costs for services promotes positive changes related to reduction of prices, discourage exploitation of consumers and occurrence of billing errors and also create awareness to the public on the costs. Policy reforms are emphasized by legislations and hence are universal. Policy Brief Part 2 – Cost disparity in healthcare delivery essay.

 

 

References

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2019). 2016 National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report. Retrieved from
https://www.ahrq.gov/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhqdr16/index.html
on Saturday 31,2019

Bekker, M. (2007). The politics of healthy policies: redesigning health impact assessment to integrate health in public policy. Eburon Uitgeverij BV.

Rushefsky, M. E., & Patel, K. (2016). 
Politics, Power and Policy Making: Case of Health Care Reform in the 1990s: Case of Health Care Reform in the 1990s
. Routledge.

Wirt. S. (2012). Association of rehabilitation nurses health policy tool kit. Retrieved from
https://rehabnurse.org/uploads/membership/hptoolkit12_full.pdf
on Saturday 31,2019 Policy Brief Part 2 – Cost disparity in healthcare delivery essay

STEMI heart attack essay

A STEMI is a classic heart attack which happens on complete blockage of the coronary artery, preventing blood supply to a huge portion of the heart muscles. The classical symptom of a STEMI is crushing pain at the center of the chest which may radiate to the jaw, the neck or left arm, accompanied by shortness of breath, dizziness, anxiety, and restlessness (Dalal et al., 2014). Also known as an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, its diagnosis can be confirmed via an EKG which is essential for all patients at high risk.  The management of a STEMI is by administering aspirin followed by immediate revascularization. Clinical evidence suggests that the earlier a patient undergoes revascularization, the higher the chances of good health outcomes. When immediately identified on EKG and a STEMI protocol implemented, a patient can undergo catheterization for possible stenting or an emergency PTCA on time (Dalal et al., 2014).

ORDER A CUSTOM-WRITTEN, PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

Reference

Dalal, J. J., Alexander, T., Banerjee, P. S., Dayasagar, V., Iyengar, S. S., Kerkar, P. G., & Mullasari, A. (2014). 2013 consensus statement for early reperfusion and pharmaco-invasive approach in patients presenting with chest pain diagnosed as STEMI (ST-elevation myocardial infarction) in an Indian setting.
Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
,
62
, 13. STEMI heart attack essay

 

Please write 1 paragraph for each of the following (total 3 paragraphs) and each paragraph shall be no less than 3 sentences and no more than 6 sentences.

Please provide proper citation with page numbers of the material you are referencing.

1. Discuss one of the following: STEMI, Non-

STEMI; congestive heart failure; murmurs;

ventricular tachycardia; asystole

2. What is a safe treatment plan for a
patient

with Atrial Fibrillation?

3. What is a safe
treatment plan
to reduce a

patient’s bilateral lower extremities pitting

edema? STEMI heart attack essay