Category: Nursing

Developmental Assessment and the School-Aged Child

Developmental Assessment and the School-Aged Child sample essay

The needs of the pediatric patient differ depending on age, as do the stages of development and the expected assessment findings for each stage. In a 500-750-word paper, examine the needs of a school-aged child between the ages of 5 and 12 years old and discuss the following:

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Compare the physical assessments among school-aged children. Describe how you would modify assessment techniques to match the age and developmental stage of the child.

Choose a child between the ages of 5 and 12 years old. Identify the age of the child and describe the typical developmental stages of children that age.

Applying developmental theory based on Erickson, Piaget, or Kohlberg, explain how you would developmentally assess the child. Include how you would offer explanations during the assessment, strategies you would use to gain cooperation, and potential findings from the assessment.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. Developmental Assessment and the School-Aged Child sample essay.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

 

Child Developmental Assessment

Child development assessment is the processes of obtaining basic data about their growth and development. The essential aspect of the data being collected include cognitive, language, physically/motor, social-emotional and approaches to learning. Thus, while collecting the information the assessor aims at gaining a record growth in all the areas. Other than growth monitoring, child assessment is also essential in identifying children with special needs that may require extra support (Kaufman, 2018). When the thorough examination is conducted, the assessor identifies a specific need which is vital in determining the interventions required to support the child. Child evaluation also allows the assessor to develop an individualized strategy for a child or group of them in the same age that he/she will use to provide care. Furthermore, the process of assessment involves the parents or guardians of the child thus, developing common ground between the care provider and the parents for providing child support. Thus, Child development assessment cannot be overemphasized.

Human needs vary with age; hence data obtained is different at each age. Also, the mode of assessment used is dynamic. For instance, a 5-year old more of the information obtained is from the parent or the caregiver, unlike the twelve-year-old who can express themselves coherently. Observation is one of the techniques used in the assessment where the care provider gets to interact with the child and draws a conclusion based on their conduct. The other methods include parent ratings, care providers rating, portfolios, and standardized test. However, all the methods are best applicable for different ages. In some situations, there is a need to modify the techniques, for example, reading out the questions on a standardized test for a five-year-old and writing answers for them. The same approach when used on a twelve-year-old they are left to read, interpret and even answer the questions on the test with minimal assistance. Developmental Assessment and the School-Aged Child sample essay.

Ten-year-old Ray was born at 37 weeks with 2600grams via SVD and was NBU for two weeks due to birth asphyxia. He had gained 400grams by the time he was leaving the NBU. Ray was breastfed exclusively for the first 6 months and was weaned with different soft foods gradually. The child could roll over at 4 months and began sitting down at 6. Ray was hospitalized for severe malnutrition for a month while he was 9 months. According to the mother, that delayed his milestone and he only crawled when he was 16 months. The child started walking without support at 19 months. Ray could say four-letter words “mama” and “tata” at 6 months and at 24 months he could say complete simple sentences. He relates well with all other members of the family apart from his elder brother who according to the mother does not give Ray or other children the attention they want. Developmental Assessment and the School-Aged Child sample essay. The child joined a school at 4 years and his performance is average. He is an obedient boy loved by the teacher and other students at school.

Erik Erikson a psychologist classified human development into 8 stages. Ray fits in the 4th stage known as Industry vs. Inferiority which has children between 5-12 years. According to Erik, the basic virtue at this stage is competency (Cherry, 2018). While assessing Ray based on Erik’s theory, the assessor should focus on his ability to read and write. At this stage, he is expected to have cognitive skills mostly natures in school where he can do simple sums. Peer group is vital at this stage and the child will gain self-esteem (Rubin, Bukowski & Bowker, 2015). The care provider is likely to obtain information on Ray’s best friend, the kid he doesn’t like and who he would love to be associated with. That forms the circle where the children he hates make him feel inferior. For the examiner to gain cooperation, he should carry out the assessment when Ray is with his friends.

Child development assessment is vital in determining their welfare. It activity provides opportunities for the care provider to establish any special needs that the kid may require. Moreover, the assessment provides a ground where both the care provider and the parent can chip in together to provide support for the child. However, the needs of the child change with time and hence the mechanisms used in assessing as well as the results (Kaufman, 2018). Psychology theories like that of Erik can be used to determine what is expected of a child at a specific age during evaluation.

References

Cherry, K. (2018). Erik Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development. 
Retrieved Juny
, 
5
, 2018.

Kaufman, A. S. (2018). 
Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests, and issues
. Guilford Publications.

Rubin, K. H., Bukowski, W. M., & Bowker, J. C. (2015). Children in peer groups. 
Handbook of child psychology and developmental science
, 1-48.

Course Code

Class Code

Assignment Title

Total Points

NRS-434VN

NRS-434VN-O502

Developmental Assessment and the School-Aged Child

100.0

Criteria

Percentage

Unsatisfactory (0.00%)

Less than Satisfactory (75.00%)

Satisfactory (79.00%)

Good (89.00%)

Excellent (100.00%)

Content

80.0%

Comparison of Physical Assessment Among School-Aged Children

25.0%

A comparison of physical assessments among different school-aged children is omitted.

An incomplete comparison of physical assessments among different school-aged children is summarized. How assessment techniques would be modified depending on the age and developmental stage of the child is omitted or contains significant inaccuracies.

A general comparison of physical assessments among different school-aged children is summarized. How assessment techniques would be modified depending on the age and developmental stage of the child is generally described. More information or support is needed for clarity or accuracy.

A comparison of physical assessments among different school-aged children is presented. How assessment techniques would be modified depending on the age and developmental stage of the child is described. Some information is needed for clarity.

A detailed comparison of physical assessments among different school-aged children is presented. How assessment techniques would be modified depending on the age and developmental stage of the child is thoroughly described. Insight is demonstrated into the physical assessment of school age children.

Typical Assessment for a Child of a Specific Age

25.0%

The typical developmental stage of a child between the ages 5 and 12 is not described.

The typical developmental stage of a child between the ages 5 and 12 is summarized. The summary contains significant inaccuracies for the age of the child.

The typical developmental stage of a child between the ages 5 and 12 is generally described. The description contains some inaccuracies for the age of the child.

The typical developmental stage of a child between the ages 5 and 12 is described. The overall description is accurate. Some information is needed for clarity.

The typical developmental stage of a child between the ages 5 and 12 is accurately and thoroughly described.

Developmental Assessment and the School-Aged Child sample essay

Developmental Assessment of a Child Using a Developmental Theory (Erickson, Piaget, Kohlberg)

30.0%

A child assessment based on a developmental theory is omitted.

A child assessment based on a developmental theory is partially summarized. Partial strategies to gain cooperation and for how explanations would be offered during the assessment are presented. The potential findings expected from the assessment are omitted or are incorrect. There are significant inaccuracies.

A child assessment based on a developmental theory is generally described. General strategies to gain cooperation and for how explanations would be offered during the assessment are presented. The potential findings expected from the assessment are summarized. There are minor inaccuracies.

A child assessment based on a developmental theory is described. Appropriate strategies to gain cooperation and for how explanations would be offered during the assessment are presented. The potential findings expected from the assessment are described. Some information is needed for clarity.

A child assessment based on a developmental theory is thoroughly described. Well-developed strategies to gain cooperation and for how explanations would be offered during the assessment are presented. The potential findings expected from the assessment are all accurate and described in detail.

Organization and Effectiveness

15.0%

Thesis Development and Purpose

5.0%

Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim.

Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague. Purpose is not clear.

Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose.

Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose.

Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.

Argument Logic and Construction

5.0%

Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources.

Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility.

Argument is orderly, but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis.

Argument shows logical progressions. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative.

Clear and convincing argument that presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.

Mechanics of Writing  (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)

5.0%

Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used.

Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register), sentence structure, or word choice are present.

Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used.

Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used.

Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.

Format

5.0%

Paper Format  (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)

2.0%

Template is not used appropriately or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.

Template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken; lack of control with formatting is apparent.

Template is used, and formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present.

Template is fully used; There are virtually no errors in formatting style.

All format elements are correct.

Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style)

3.0%

Sources are not documented.

Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.

Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present.

Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct.

Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.

Total Weightage

100%

Developmental Assessment and the School-Aged Child sample essay

NRS-434 Developmental Assessment and the School-Aged Child Rubric

Course Code

Class Code

Assignment Title

Total Points

NRS-434VN

NRS-434VN-O502

Developmental Assessment and the School-Aged Child

100.0

Criteria

Percentage

Unsatisfactory (0.00%)

Less than Satisfactory (75.00%)

Satisfactory (79.00%)

Good (89.00%)

Excellent (100.00%)

Content

80.0%

Comparison of Physical Assessment Among School-Aged Children

25.0%

A comparison of physical assessments among different school-aged children is omitted.

An incomplete comparison of physical assessments among different school-aged children is summarized. How assessment techniques would be modified depending on the age and developmental stage of the child is omitted or contains significant inaccuracies.

A general comparison of physical assessments among different school-aged children is summarized. How assessment techniques would be modified depending on the age and developmental stage of the child is generally described. More information or support is needed for clarity or accuracy.

A comparison of physical assessments among different school-aged children is presented. How assessment techniques would be modified depending on the age and developmental stage of the child is described. Some information is needed for clarity.

A detailed comparison of physical assessments among different school-aged children is presented. How assessment techniques would be modified depending on the age and developmental stage of the child is thoroughly described. Insight is demonstrated into the physical assessment of school age children.

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Typical Assessment for a Child of a Specific Age

25.0%

The typical developmental stage of a child between the ages 5 and 12 is not described.

The typical developmental stage of a child between the ages 5 and 12 is summarized. The summary contains significant inaccuracies for the age of the child.

The typical developmental stage of a child between the ages 5 and 12 is generally described. The description contains some inaccuracies for the age of the child.

The typical developmental stage of a child between the ages 5 and 12 is described. The overall description is accurate. Some information is needed for clarity.

The typical developmental stage of a child between the ages 5 and 12 is accurately and thoroughly described.

NRS-434 Developmental Assessment and the School-Aged Child Rubric

Developmental Assessment of a Child Using a Developmental Theory (Erickson, Piaget, Kohlberg) NRS-434 Developmental Assessment and the School-Aged Child Rubric

30.0%

A child assessment based on a developmental theory is omitted.

A child assessment based on a developmental theory is partially summarized. Partial strategies to gain cooperation and for how explanations would be offered during the assessment are presented. The potential findings expected from the assessment are omitted or are incorrect. There are significant inaccuracies.

A child assessment based on a developmental theory is generally described. General strategies to gain cooperation and for how explanations would be offered during the assessment are presented. The potential findings expected from the assessment are summarized. There are minor inaccuracies.

A child assessment based on a developmental theory is described. Appropriate strategies to gain cooperation and for how explanations would be offered during the assessment are presented. The potential findings expected from the assessment are described. Some information is needed for clarity.

A child assessment based on a developmental theory is thoroughly described. Well-developed strategies to gain cooperation and for how explanations would be offered during the assessment are presented. The potential findings expected from the assessment are all accurate and described in detail.

Organization and Effectiveness

15.0%

Thesis Development and Purpose

5.0%

Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim.

Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague. Purpose is not clear.

Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose.

Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose.

Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.

Argument Logic and Construction

5.0%

Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources.

Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility.

Argument is orderly, but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis.

Argument shows logical progressions. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative.

Clear and convincing argument that presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.

Mechanics of Writing  (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)

5.0%

Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used.

Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register), sentence structure, or word choice are present.

Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used.

Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used.

Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.

Format

5.0%

Paper Format  (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)

2.0%

Template is not used appropriately or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.

Template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken; lack of control with formatting is apparent.

Template is used, and formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present.

Template is fully used; There are virtually no errors in formatting style. NRS-434 Developmental Assessment and the School-Aged Child Rubric

All format elements are correct.

Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style)

3.0%

Sources are not documented.

Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.

Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present.

Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct.

Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.

NRS-434 Developmental Assessment and the School-Aged Child Rubric

Total Weightage

100%

Foundations of EBP eMAR Paper

Identify a project from a department at your place of employment that demonstrates a commitment to an improvement in patient care. (A project – introduction of eMAR, electronic medical record)

Why is this project/study important?

What role would an APN play in this project?

Identify a PICOT question that you could use to guide the research of the identified problem.

Provide 5 databases that you might use for your research, and give a short description of each.

What barriers do you foresee in implementing this project?

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The purpose of this paper is to get students thinking about what EBP is and how they would go about identifying and implementing a project.  The directions state:  
 
4 pages in length, 
not including the title and reference page
. (points will be deducted for papers over or under required length)

references on the project topic should be < 5 years old Foundations of EBP eMAR Paper. Foundations of EBP Paper Foundations of EBP Paper RUBRIC Ratings Pts This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Project Identification Clearly identifies a project or study demonstrating a commitment to improvement in care. Department, key players, goals are identified. 3.0 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Identifies Importance of Project/Study The purpose of the project/study is clearly identified Foundations of EBP eMAR Paper 2.0 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Evaluates the role of the APN in this project All key elements are present: the role of the APN specific to this project. How does the scope of practice, standards of care, social, legal and economic factors influence the research project or study? 5.0 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome PICOT Question r/t the project/Study All key elements of a PICOT question are present: P- Patient, problem or population I – Intervention C – Comparison O – Outcome T- Time 5.0 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Identifies Databases Identifies 5 appropriate databases available for research with a short description of each 3.0 pts Foundations of EBP eMAR Paper This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Identifies Barriers to Implementation All key elements are present 2.0 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome APA Format Paper is the required length and consistently documented in APA format 1.0 pts Introduction of eMAR, electronic medical record Electronic health records have been adopted in the healthcare system for about decade now. Their development sought to improve the quality and safety of the patients through efficient paperless record keeping. Electronic medication administration records (eMAR) describe the server-based electronic medication administration system designed to replace the paper form of medical recording. eMAR is useful in rehabilitation facilities, long-term care, assisted living and institutional pharmacies. Its main roles include automating the medical tracking, distribution and re-ordering process as well as safe treatment (Vicente et al., 2017) Foundations of EBP eMAR Paper. It also saves time and labor force as well as reduces medical errors that might otherwise undermine the safety of the patient. This paper describes a project on the introduction of eMAR, its importance, the APN related roles and a PICOT question that guides the research as well as the relevant databases employed in this research. Consequently, the paper presets the foreseen barriers to the implementation of the project. Importance Poor record keeping has resulted in the increase of healthcare cost over the years due to the occurrence of errors, cumbersome storage of medical records and job burnout among other factors. However, the introduction of Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act ten years ago has seen notable adoption of multiple technologies in the healthcare sector. For instance, eMAR introduction has brought about a revolution in patient care with its rapid replacement of the paper medical administration recording. This has helped in saving time, labor, increasing efficiency and reduction of errors as well as maintenance of confidentiality. Moreover, the introduction of the technology is crucial in maintaining a seamless flow of information via integrated systems that decrease the possibilities of medical errors, duplication of data entry and also saves time in the healthcare facility (Seibert et al., 2014). Therefore, it also increases safety of the patient and the quality of healthcare provided Foundations of EBP eMAR Paper. Role of the APN Advanced practice nurse play notable roles in the introduction of organizational change. The professional practice of APNs is derived from a reflective experience characterized by a wide range of nursing skills and knowledge. They are involved in the admission of patients, prescription of drugs as well as referrals. Considering that the electronic medical administration records are designed to improve the safety of the patient in these areas, the APN will be actively engaged in the change process. Their roles will include interdisciplinary collaboration geared towards ensuring the effectiveness of the project in increasing the safety of the patients. This will involve advisory and consultative services that will promote evidence-based practice and use of the new technology (ED Management, 2018) Foundations of EBP eMAR Paper. Moreover, APNs will be involved in planning, implementing and evaluating the health programs involved in the eMAR systems to ensure efficiency. PICOT questions helps in finding the best available evidence to influence the nursing practice. PICOT stands for P-Patient/Problem, I-Intervention, C-comparison, O-Outcome and T-Time. The problem demanding the organizational change is the increase in healthcare cost for patient due to lack of a standardized and efficient medical administration recording system. The intervention addressed by the project is the introduction of eMAR system in the healthcare organization. Consequently, the project is comparing the intervention with the paper electronic medical administration records on the comparison section of the question. On the other hand, the anticipated outcome of the project is the increased efficiency with regard to safety and healthcare cost reduction for a period of six months through which the project is expected to run. Therefore, the PICOT question guiding the research study is, “Does the introduction of the electronic medical administration records increase the efficiency and safety of the patients within six months?” Foundations of EBP eMAR Paper. Databases and Description Elsevier Science Direct provides a wide range of access to medical research materials. The database is a subscription-based website containing four categories of journals namely the health sciences, life sciences, engineering and physical sciences. It provides multiple e-books, academic journals which exceed 12 million pieces (Friedlander & Khan, 2016) Foundations of EBP eMAR Paper. The articles present are interdisciplinary, high quality and help find answers to research questions in wide range of areas including my project on the introduction of the electronic medical administration records. I was able to research on patient’s safety in the automation era. Another database used in this research is the Cochrane Library-Wiley online library. This database provides independent, high quality collection of healthcare evidence that informs decision-making and helps answer various research questions. The collection of databases is published by Wiley and hosts material science, health science and peer reviewed journals and is accessed through subscription. The database provided articles on the effects of eMAR application on the safety of the patients. Notably, CINAHL is the most in-depth and largest database for nursing research. It refers to the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature and is effective particularly in qualitative research studies. It covers all fields of nursing including the electronic medical record area which makes it relevant for this project. Further research was conducted in the MEDLINE via PubMed database. This site contains online books, science journals, citations and other literature material for life sciences and biomedical subjects through the free search engine access, PubMed. This site was effective in understanding the organizational and quality changes brought about by the project introduction. Lastly, I used the ERIC database. This is the Education Resources Information Center that provides full-text and indexed education literature material on the online digital library. It is run by the U.S. National Library of Education (NLE) and contains documents, synopsis, reports, books, studies, tests and pamphlets relevant in multiple study fields including healthcare (Friedlander & Khan, 2016). This site was crucial in providing an overview of the eMAR system Foundations of EBP eMAR Paper. Barriers to Implementation The implementation of the eMAR is challenged by several barriers including the hospital culture (ED Management, 2018) Foundations of EBP eMAR Paper. The hospital staff is used to the use of paper medical administration recording which might affect the implementation of the electronic system. The change in the organization culture might cause stress and low productivity as well as resistance from workers. According to Relias Media (2019), poor usability of EMR results in concerns of staff burnout as well as patient safety concerns. This is evident in the increased number of medical errors discovered in various health organization departments that placed the patients’ lives at risk. The privacy concerns may also act as barriers to the implementation of the project. This is because, the confidentiality of the sensitive medical records is legally demanded and thus, cyberattacks such involving data mining and hacking can undermine the privacy and security of the patients information (Aldosari, 2017). The cost of purchase, training, hiring and installation of electronic medical health record is also high which could limit the implementation of the electronic medical administration records Foundations of EBP eMAR Paper. References Aldosari, B. (2017). Patients’ safety in the era of EMR/EHR automation.  Informatics in Medicine Unlocked ,  9 , 230-233. ED Management. (2018). Hospitals Leverage Safety Huddle to Reduce Patient Harm, Boost Transparency, and Drive Culture Change. Friedlander, R. R., & Khan, A. M. (2016).  U.S. Patent No. 9,230,060 . Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Relias Media. (2019). Poor EMR Usability Linked to Patient Safety Concerns, Clinician Burnout. Retrieved from www.reliasmedia.com/articles/144399-poor-emr-usability-linked-to-patient-safety-concerns-clinicianburnout on September 11,2019 Seibert, H. H., Maddox, R. R., Flynn, E. A., & Williams, C. K. (2014). Effect of barcode technology with electronic medication administration record on medication accuracy rates.  American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy ,  71 (3), 209-218. Vicente Oliveros, N., Gramage Caro, T., Pérez Menendez‐Conde, C., Álvarez‐Díaz, A. M., Martín‐Aragón Álvarez, S., Bermejo Vicedo, T., & Delgado Silveira, E. (2017). Effect of an electronic medication administration record application on patient safety.  Journal of evaluation in clinical practice ,  23 (4), 888-894 Foundations of EBP eMAR Paper.

Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) PICOT Systematic Review

Research problem

Patients under mechanical intubation in the ICU commonly experience problems in oral health which increase their risk to nosocomial infections. In the ICU, Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is the most prevalent hospital-acquired infection and it leads to additional medical costs, prolonged admissions and even death.

Purpose of the Study

To evaluate the impact that routine oral care using chlorhexidine gluconate has on Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia and patient health outcomes among patients in the ICU receiving mechanical ventilation.

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Procedure, Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

           
The inclusion criterion was as follows: studies that were
r
andomized clinical trials and  compared the use of chlorhexidine and a placebo among adults who were on mechanical ventilation since July 2013.The process started by identifying randomized clinical trials which compared a placebo and chlorhexidine in adults were identified, evaluated for bias and extracted. Existing differences were resolved by consensus. Studies that were eligible were analyzed using a random effects meta-analysis.

Findings

Cardiac surgery patients who were randomized to chlorhexidine had few lower respiratory tract infections

Conclusion

Routine oral care using chlorhexidine can prevent infections of the lower respiratory tract in both cardiac and non-cardiac patients. For patients on mechanical ventilation, chlorhexidine is the gold standard of care that reduces the risk s of VAP with good patient-centered outcomes. Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) PICOT Systematic Review.

Implications to Nursing Practice

ICU patients under mechanical intubation should receive routine oral care using chlorhexidine to prevent VAP. Policies on the similar routines that encourage oral care using chlorhexidine should also be implemented in clinical settings,

PICOT Statement

            Among Intubated patients aged 40 years or older in  ICU settings (P) how does using oral 0.2% Chlorhexidine 8 hourly (I) compared to using normal saline (C) reduce the risk of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (O) during hospitalization(T)?

 

References

Klompas, M., Speck, K., Howell, M. D., Greene, L. R., & Berenholtz, S. M. (2014). Reappraisal of routine oral care with chlorhexidine gluconate for patients receiving mechanical ventilation: systematic review and meta-analysis. 
JAMA internal medicine
, 
174
(5), 751-761. Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) PICOT Systematic Review.

Intellectual Developmental Disorder Treatment options Essay

Intellectual development disorder is associated with deficits an individual’s intellect characterized by experiential learning, academic learning, abstract thinking, planning, judgment and reasoning (Zheng & Chen, 2016). The treatment of this disorder involves the alleviation of symptoms and multiple options are available for the management of this disease. Each treatment intervention is uniquely tailored for specific individual to meet their personal needs. Intellectual Developmental Disorder Treatment options Essay.

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Behavioral Intervention is effective in the treatment of intellectual developmental disorder. It involves the use of techniques and behavioral changes. Behavioral interventions seek to teach the functional alternative behaviors and reduce the associated symptoms. The techniques used include modelling, fading, prompting and reinforcements. Another intervention is applied behavior analysis (ABA) that utilizes the learning theory principles to bring about positive and meaningful change of behavior in the patient (Schuengel et al., 2019). These changes develop self-control, social, communication and self-monitoring skills. They are also applicable in the daily and structured settings as well as group and individual instruction. Intellectual Developmental Disorder Treatment options Essay. Peer-Mediated treatment also engages children with disabilities in activities that boost their competency in communication.

Notably, pharmacological therapy is also effective in treating intellectual developmental disorder. It entails the use of medication to treat children for early developmental delays. Psychological therapy involving psychiatrists, geneticist, special education therapist, physical therapist or occupational and speech therapist is also necessary in treatment. Environmental arrangement organizes the surrounding to promote communication. The aim is to set the communication occasion and increase the environmental interest. The patient comments and expresses desires to understand and enquire about the environment thus improving the communication and learning skills. Moreover, Functional communication training (FCT) replaces challenging behavior with the appropriate communication and behavioral alternatives that improve their cognitive levels. On the other hand, Incidental teaching teaches elaborate communication attempts and interesting opportunities using prompt questions. Intellectual Developmental Disorder Treatment options Essay.

References

Schuengel, C., van Rest, M. M., Stanford, C. E., & Hastings, R. P. (2019). Impact of Research About the Early Development of Children With Intellectual Disability: A Science Mapping Analysis. In 
Frontiers in Education
 (Vol. 4, p. 41). Frontiers.

Zheng, X. F., & Chen, J. J. (2016). Evaluation of intellectual development level of 300 children with language disorder. 
Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi= Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics
, 
18
(11), 1115-1118. Intellectual Developmental Disorder Treatment options Essay.

Benchmark -Nurse Educator Lesson Plan

Description:

 
As a nurse educator, you will be responsible for creating effective lessons for various settings.

Choose a teaching and learning experience from your clinical setting. You may use the clinical

experience from your Topic 4 discussion response.

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Based on the experience you chose, use the engagement, student learning, and creating effective

learning environment strategies that you have learned in this course to develop a lesson plan on

similar content for two additional settings (such as an asynchronous online session and teaching a nursing student in the clinical setting, etc.). Use the lesson plan examples found in the topic materials to assist you in creating your lesson outlines. .

 

This assignment will be used as an artifact for your electronic portfolio at the end of the course.

Include the following in your outline:

 

Lesson Objectives

 

Timeframe and target environment

 

Three to four teaching strategies-based on Evidence-Based Practice.

 

Activities

 

A summary of the types of assessments you would use in your lesson and why?

 

Provide rationale for the teaching strategies you implemented into each lesson and why they

differ.

 

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the

Student Success Center.

 

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become

familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

 

You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite Benchmark -Nurse Educator Lesson Plan.

 

This assignment benchmarks the following competency:

 

Master of Science in Nursing with an Emphesis in Education

 

6.1: Apply instructional strategies grounded in evidence-based practice and learning theory that meet the unique needs of learners in diverse environments.

 

Nurse Educator Electronic Portfolio

Hello, my name is xxx. I hail from xxxx. I currently stay in xxxx.

Welome to my Teaching-Learning Electronic Portfolio. This is where I will share my individual and professional information and some of my work as a nursing student. Currently, I am enrolled in xxxx University, taking Master of Science in Nursing – Nursing Education cognate.

My career as a nurse professional began many years ago, where I started working as a registered nurse on xxxxx. I performed numerous nursing roles such as medication administration, operate medical equipment, perform patient education, conduct diagnostic tests, monitor patient health, take vital signs, advocate for patients’ wellbeing, and collaborate with the multidisciplinary team to ensure quality patient care. Currently, I work at the Veteran’s Hospital in medical ICU.

I started pursuing my nursing career in the year xxx where I earned my nursing diploma and then in the year xxx, I earned my Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree from xxx university. I then started my Masters nursing studies. I am very satisfied with my career, and very anxious to fulfil my dreams of becoming a Nurse Educator very soon. Benchmark -Nurse Educator Lesson Plan.

 

 

Course Code

Class Code

Assignment Title

Total Points

NUR-646E

NUR-646E-O500

Benchmark -Nurse Educator Lesson Plan

125.0

Criteria

Percentage

1: Unsatisfactory (0.00%)

2: Less Than Satisfactory (80.00%)

3: Satisfactory (88.00%)

4: Good (92.00%)

5: Excellent (100.00%)

Content

85.0%

Lesson Objectives

10.0%

A description of the lesson objectives is not included.

A description of the lesson objectives is incomplete or incorrect.

A description of the lesson objectives is included but lacks details.

A description of the lesson objectives is complete and includes supporting details.

A description of the lesson objectives is extremely thorough and includes substantial details.

Timeframe and Target Environment

5.0%

A statement of the timeframe and the target Environment is not included.

A statement of the timeframe and the target Environment is incomplete or incorrect.

A statement of the timeframe and the target Environment is included but lacks details.

A statement of the timeframe and the target Environment is complete and includes supporting details.

A statement of the timeframe and the target Environment is extremely thorough and includes substantial details.

Teaching Strategies Based on EBP (6.1)

20.0%

A description of the three to four teaching strategies based on EBP is not included.

A description of the three to four teaching strategies based on EBP is incomplete or incorrect.

A description of the three to four teaching strategies based on EBP is included but lacks details.

A description of the three to four teaching strategies based on EBP is complete and includes supporting details.

A description of the three to four teaching strategies based on EBP is extremely thorough and includes substantial details.

Activities

15.0%

A discussion of activities to use to teach content is not included.

A discussion of activities to use to teach content is incomplete or incorrect.

A discussion of activities to use to teach content is included but lacks details.

A discussion of activities to use to teach content is complete and includes supporting details.

A discussion of activities to use to teach content is extremely thorough and includes substantial details.

Benchmark -Nurse Educator Lesson Plan

Assessment Summary

15.0%

A summary of potential assessments for the lesson is not included.

A summary of potential assessments for the lesson is incomplete or incorrect.

A summary of potential assessments for the lesson is included but lacks details.

A summary of potential assessments for the lesson is complete includes supporting details.

A summary of potential assessments for the lesson is extremely thorough and includes substantial details.

Teaching Strategy Implementation and Rationale

20.0%

A rationale for the teaching strategies implemented in the lesson is not included.

A rationale for the teaching strategies implemented in the lesson is incomplete or incorrect.

A rationale for the teaching strategies implemented in the lesson is included but lacks details.

A rationale for the teaching strategies implemented in the lesson is complete includes supporting details.

A rationale for the teaching strategies implemented in the lesson is extremely thorough and includes substantial details.

Group 2Organization and Effectiveness

5.0%

Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)

5.0%

Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used.

Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register) or word choice are present. Sentence structure is correct but not varied.

Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct and varied sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are employed.

Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. The writer uses a variety of effective sentence structures and figures of speech.

Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.

Format

10.0%

Paper Format (Use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)

5.0%

Template is not used appropriately or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.

Template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken; lack of control with formatting is apparent.

Template is used, and formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present.

Template is fully used; There are virtually no errors in formatting style.

All format elements are correct.

Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style)

5.0%

Sources are not documented.

Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.

Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present.

Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct.

Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.

Total Weightage

100%

Benchmark -Nurse Educator Lesson Plan

NUR-646E Teaching Philosophy Statement

Teaching Philosophy Statement

My teaching philosophy is derived from Jean Watson’s Theory of Transpersonal Caring. Watson’s theory support nursing education that integrates holistic knowledge from different disciplines. Watson supports a wide-spectrum professional nursing curriculum that integrates arts, sciences, and humanities. NUR-646E Teaching Philosophy Statement.

I concur with the philosophy of Watson, and accordingly, I apply her…

 

Teaching Philosophy Statement

Description:

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The purpose of this assignment is to develop your personal teaching philosophy statement. This will be included in your e-portfolio to be submitted at the end of this course.

 

Begin by researching a developed teaching philosophy and use the information to shape your own philosophy.

 

In 250-500 words, develop a personal teaching philosophy statement that includes your beliefs on the purpose of education, how students learn, how your beliefs facilitate learning, the role of the nurse educator, and how you plan to implement this philosophy to grow as an educator as you seek to integrate the nurse educator competencies into your professional practice.

 

APA style is not required, but solid academic writing is expected NUR-646E Teaching Philosophy Statement.

 

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

 

You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.

 

Course Code

Class Code

Assignment Title

Total Points

NUR-646E

NUR-646E-O500

Teaching Philosophy Statement

75.0

Criteria

Percentage

1: Unsatisfactory (0.00%)

2: Less Than Satisfactory (80.00%)

3: Satisfactory (88.00%)

4: Good (92.00%)

5: Excellent (100.00%)

Criteria

100.0%

Beliefs on the Purpose of Education

25.0%

A description of beliefs on the purpose of education is not included.

A description of beliefs on the purpose of education is present, but it lacks detail or is incomplete.

A description of beliefs on the purpose of education is present.

A description of beliefs on the purpose of education is clearly provided and well developed.

A description of beliefs on the purpose of education is thoroughly developed with supporting details.

NUR-646E Teaching Philosophy Statement

Student Learning

20.0%

A discussion of beliefs on different learning styles in various settings is not included.

A discussion of beliefs on different learning styles in various settings is present, but it lacks detail or is incomplete.

A discussion of beliefs on different learning styles in various settings is present.

A discussion of beliefs on different learning styles in various settings is clearly provided and well developed.

A discussion of beliefs on different learning styles in various settings is thoroughly developed with supporting details.

Learning Facilitation

20.0%

A description of how student learning is facilitated is not included.

A description of how student learning is facilitated is present, but it lacks detail or is incomplete.

A description of how student learning is facilitated is present.

A description of how student learning is facilitated is clearly provided and well developed.

A description of how student learning is facilitated is thoroughly developed with supporting details.

Role of the Nurse Educator

25.0%

A description of how the student will integrate the nurse educator competencies into their professional practice is not included.

A description of how the student will integrate the nurse educator competencies into their professional practice is present, but it lacks detail or is incomplete.

A description of how the student will integrate the nurse educator competencies into their professional practice is is present.

A description of how the student will integrate the nurse educator competencies into their professional practice is clearly provided and well developed.

A description of how the student will integrate the nurse educator competencies into their professional practice is thoroughly developed with supporting details.

Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, and language use)

5.0%

Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is employed.

Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register) or word choice are present. Sentence structure is correct but not varied.

Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct and varied sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are employed.

Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. The writer uses a variety of effective sentence structures and figures of speech.

The writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.

Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style)

5.0%

Sources are not documented.

Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.

Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present.

Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct.

Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.

Total Weightage

100%

 

Teaching Philosophy Statement

My teaching philosophy is derived from Jean Watson’s Theory of Transpersonal Caring. Watson’s theory support nursing education that integrates holistic knowledge from different disciplines. Watson supports a wide-spectrum professional nursing curriculum that integrates arts, sciences, and humanities.

I concur with the philosophy of Watson, and accordingly, I apply her theoretical concepts in my nursing practice. These are values I will embrace as I take up the role of a nurse educator. As an educator, I plan to use the principles of the ten curative factors to ensure a caring relationship with all my students. For me, it is important to establish a suitable and wholly functional learner-instructor relationship whose foundation is mutual respect, trust, and understanding. I believe that nurse educators ought to be flexible, have effective communication skills, empathic, compassionate, juts, and collaborate with the students.

I believe that teaching is supposed to be person-centered and should recognize and accept the diversity of the learners and use learning styles that fit each specific student. As a nurse educator, I will provide various teaching-learning techniques, various teaching strategies, and also use technologies to make sure that all students have the best learning experiences. I will ensure that the learning environment is “user-friendly” and supports problem-based learning and constructivism NUR-646E Teaching Philosophy Statement.

Lifelong nursing is a key element of my teaching philosophy. Accordingly, I will utilize the nursing process in the assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation, and making the necessary adjustments to attain positive outcomes as a nurse practitioner and an educator as well. I believe as a nurse educator I am obligated to be knowledgeable, competent, well-informed and enthusiastic regarding the units I teach.  I will perform research and review the latest available evidence to ensure I am updated with the most recent evidence-based nursing practices and ensure my teaching reflecting best practices. I will work diligently to ensure competency and professionality as a nurse educator.

Pharmacology Exam Question 1

1 out of 1 points

The nurse’s assessment of a community-dwelling adult suggests that the client may have drug allergies that have not been previously documented. What statement by the client would confirm this?

 

Response Feedback:

True allergic reactions include formation of rash or hives, itching, redness, swelling, difficulty breathing, and anaphylactic shock. Nausea and vomiting, however, are adverse effects of drug therapy. Similarly, an unsafe drop in blood pressure and gastric bleeding from aspirin use are adverse drug effects, not allergic reactions.

Question 2

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1 out of 1 points

A patient has been prescribed several drugs and fluids to be given intravenously. Before the nurse starts the intravenous administration, a priority assessment of the patient will be to note the

 

Response Feedback:

Baseline body weight and height, heart rate, and blood pressure are all important considerations during the assessment of a patient. However, if a patient has to be given drugs intravenously, it is important to inspect the skin for rashes, moles, or sores, so those areas can be avoided as an insertion or injection site.

Question 3

1 out of 1 points

A nurse has been administering a drug to a patient intramuscularly (IM). The physician discontinued the IM dose and wrote an order for the drug to be given orally. The nurse notices that the oral dosage is considerably higher than the parenteral dose and understands that this due to

 

Response Feedback:

The first-pass effect involves drugs that are given PO and absorbed from the small intestine directly into the portal venous system, which delivers the drug molecules to the liver. Once in the liver, enzymes break the drug into metabolites; they may become active or may be deactivated and readily excreted from the body. A large percentage of the oral dose is usually destroyed and never reaches tissues. Oral dosages account for this phenomenon to ensure an appropriate amount of the drug in the body to produce a therapeutic action. Passive diffusion is the major process through which drugs are absorbed into the body. Active transport is a process that uses energy to actively move a molecule across a cell membrane and is often involved in drug excretion in the kidney. Glomerular filtration is the passage of water and water-soluble components from the plasma into the renal tubule.

Question 4

1 out of 1 points

A patient has been receiving regular doses of an agonist for 2 weeks. Which of the following should the nurse anticipate? Pharmacology Exam

 

Response Feedback:

Receptors are not static; they can change or modify their response to a stimulus. Such change occurs when a receptor is continuously stimulated to act or continually inhibited from action. Continual stimulation from an agonist usually makes the receptor desensitized to the drug and thus less active. Therefore, the nurse should anticipate a decrease in effectiveness of the drug.

Question 5

1 out of 1 points

An unconscious patient has been brought to the hospital, and the physician has prescribed a life-saving drug to be administered parenterally. Which of the following methods would be the most appropriate for the nurse to use when administering the medication?

 

Response Feedback:

Intravenous infusion is the preferred method for use in emergency situations when rapid drug effects are desired. Absorption is considered to be instantaneous, as the drug is placed directly into the bloodstream. The subcutaneous and intramuscular routes could be used but would not ensure rapid drug effects. Intrathecal administration is usually done by a physician or a specially trained health care provider.

Question 6

1 out of 1 points

In order to promote therapeutic drug effects, the nurse should always encourage patients to

 

Response Feedback:

Taking a drug at the appropriate time will help the patient maintain therapeutic drug levels. Not all medications should be taken with food, which can alter the absorption of some drugs. A patient should never increase or decrease a medication dosage without checking with the prescriber. Alternative therapy should only be used if the patient has discussed the therapy with the prescriber and they are in agreement.

Question 7

1 out of 1 points

A 56-year-old female patient has been admitted to the hospital with chronic muscle spasms and has been prescribed a new medication to treat the spasms. She has a poorly documented allergy to eggs, synthetic clothes, and perfumes. What is the priority action of the nurse to ensure that prescribed medication does not experience an allergic reaction?

 

Response Feedback:

The nurse should post an allergies notice on the front of the chart and document the allergies in the appropriate area of the patient’s record; this will allow continuous access of the dietary staff and the other members of the health care team to the information and serve to limit errors. The prescriber would always ask the patient about her allergies before prescribing a new medication. The patient is not having an allergic reaction, so treating her for an allergic reaction is unnecessary. If the allergies are documented in the appropriate area of the patient’s record, the dietary staff will be aware that the patient should not be served eggs.

Question 8

1 out of 1 points

A patient with a variety of chronic health problems is being seen by her nurse practitioner, who is currently reviewing the patient’s medication regimen. Which of the patient’s medications should prompt the nurse to teach her to avoid drinking grapefruit juice?

 

Response Feedback:

Metabolism of many varied drugs such as calcium channel blockers (used to treat hypertension), statins (used to lower blood lipid levels), and antihistamines (used to prevent allergic reactions) is affected by grapefruit juice.

Question 9

1 out of 1 points

Which of the following affects drug distribution throughout the body?

 

Response Feedback:

Both protein binding and altered pH of extracellular fluids affect drug distribution. The presence of food in the gastrointestinal tract affects drug absorption, whereas an increase in hepatic enzymes affects drug metabolism. High blood levels are not known to affect drug pharmacokinetics.

Question 10

1 out of 1 points

A patient is treated with an antibiotic for an infection in his leg. After 2 days of taking the antibiotic, the patient calls the clinic and reports that he has a rash all over his body. The nurse is aware that a rash can be an adverse effect of an antibiotic and can be either a biologic, chemical, or physiologic action of the drug, which is an example of

 

Response Feedback:

Pharmacodynamics is the biologic, chemical, and physiologic actions of a particular drug within the body and the study of how those actions occur, including adverse effects. It is how the drug affects the body. The pharmacodynamics of a drug is responsible for its therapeutic effects and sometimes its adverse effects. Pharmacotherapeutics refers to the desired, therapeutic effect of the drug. Pharmacokinetics is the changes that occur to the drug while it is inside the body. Pharmacogenetics is the study of how genetic variables affect the pharmacodynamics of a drug in a specific patient. Pharmacology Exam

Pharmacology Exam Question 11

1 out of 1 points

A 60-year-old African-American man lives with a number of chronic health problems. Genetic factors are likely to influence his etiology and/or treatment of

 

Response Feedback:

The incidence of hypertension is significantly higher among African-Americans than other ethnic groups. As well, African Americans respond to some antihypertensive drugs differently than whites.

Question 12

1 out of 1 points

A patient has been prescribed 1 mg lorazepam (Ativan) sublingual prior to the scheduled insertion of a peripherally inserted central (PIC) line. How should the nurse direct the patient when administering this medication?

 

Response Feedback:

Sublingual tablets are placed under the tongue where they dissolve and are absorbed into the bloodstream. Swallowing the pill may render it less effective, but is not unsafe. It is not recommended to chew and hold sublingual medications nor to hold them in the mouth for length of time.

Question 13

1 out of 1 points

Tylenol 325 mg/tablet, patient needs 650 mg; how many tables should patient take?

Question 14

1 out of 1 points

In which of the following patients would a nurse expect to experience alterations in drug metabolism?

 

Response Feedback:

The liver is the most important site for drug metabolism. If the liver is not functioning effectively, as with cirrhosis, drugs will not be metabolized normally and toxic levels could develop. Drug dosage will have to be altered to ensure normal levels in the body. The patient with kidney stones and the patient in acute renal failure would most likely have alterations in drug excretion. If there are no complications with the cervical cancer patient, there should be no alterations in drug therapy Pharmacology Exam.

Question 15

1 out of 1 points

For which of the following patients would a nasogastric tube most likely be considered to aid in the administration of medications?

 

Response Feedback:

The use of an NG tube for medication administration requires a functioning GI tract. An NG tube would not be used if a patient is vomiting frequently or has had recent bowel surgery. Similarly, an NG tube would not be used in the case of a competent adult who wishes to discontinue his or her medications.

Question 16

1 out of 1 points

A home health nurse notes that there have been changes to a patient’s oral drug regimen. The nurse will closely monitor the new drug regimen to

 

Response Feedback:

Changes in the drug regimen may cause changes in drug absorption and thereby decrease the anticipated drug effect. This decrease is due to the prevention of binding and loss of absorption and overall drug effectiveness. A change in the drug regimen would not help a nurse to track the route of metabolism or determine the speed of chelation. If any adverse effect were to occur as a result of a drug regimen change, it would not necessarily be immunotoxicity; it could also be nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, or cardiotoxicity.

Pharmacology Exam Question 17

1 out of 1 points

A nurse is instructing a patient concerning a newly prescribed drug. Which of the following should be included to help improve patient compliance and safety?

 

Response Feedback:

If patients are aware of certain adverse effects and how to alleviate or decrease the discomfort, they are more likely to continue taking the medication and providing for safe administration. A list of pharmacies can be useful information, but will not improve safety or compliance. Knowing the cost of the brand versus the generic could also be helpful to the patient. However, a substitution may not be allowed, and the cost of a drug does not improve patient safety. Most patients are not concerned with statistics regarding drug testing, and the testing is usually not discussed with patients.

Question 18

1 out of 1 points

5 ml = _______________tsp

Question 19

1 out of 1 points

An older adult patient with a history of Alzheimer’s disease and numerous chronic health problems has been prescribed several medications during his current admission to hospital and recent declines in the patient’s cognition have impaired his ability to swallow pills. Which of the following medications may the nurse crush before administering them to this patient?

 

Response Feedback:

A tablet that is designed for immediate release into the gastric environment is normally safe to crush and administer to the patient. Enteric coated and sustained release tablets may not be crushed because doing so compromising the delayed release into the GI tract that is intended with these medications. Sublingual medications should be placed under the tongue to dissolve rather than swallowed.

Question 20

1 out of 1 points

A patient who has been admitted to the hospital for a mastectomy has stated that she has experienced adverse drug effects at various times during her life. Which of the following strategies should the nurse prioritize in order to minimize the potential of adverse drug effects during the patient’s stay in the hospital?

 

Response Feedback:

In an effort to minimize the potential of adverse drug effects, it is necessary to closely monitor the patient. It would be inappropriate for the nurse to alter the route or frequency of administration or to encourage herbal remedies that also carry the potential for adverse effects. Pharmacology Exam

NUR-646E Learning Environment Observation

Discuss the Results of the ELEOT

For the observed classroom, all scores from the measured environments ranged above 3. Looking at the 7 environments, Equitable Learning Environment had a score of 3; High Expectations Environment score of 3; Supportive Learning Environment score of 4; Active Learning Environment score of 4; Progress Monitoring and Feedback Environment score of 3; Well-Managed Learning Environment score of 4; while Digital Learning Environment had a score of 3.3. NUR-646E Learning Environment Observation

From the observation, it was evident that…

 

Learning Environment Observation

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Description:

 

During your professional career as a nurse educator, you will be asked to teach in various learning environments; including traditional classroom, online, and clinical.

 

The purpose of this assignment is to provide knowledge of establishing an environment that

promotes student participation, engagement, and optimal student outcomes.

 

The classroom can be a traditional or clinical setting and be directed at students, nurses, or

patients.

 

Using the “ELEOT Reference Guide” complete the “Effective Learning Environments Observation Tool (ELEOT).”

 

Write a 500-750 word summary of the observation. Include the following in your summary.

 

Discuss the results of the ELEOT.

 

Discuss how the instructor maintained and managed the learning environment.

 

Discuss the various engagement and learning strategies that were used and how they could

be implemented in different learning environments including traditional and non-traditional

environments.

 

Discuss how you could implement some these strategies into your own classroom.

 

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the

Student Success Center.

 

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to

become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

 

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Please refer to the directions in the

Student Success Center.

 

 

 

 

Course Code

Class Code

Assignment Title

Total Points

NUR-646E

NUR-646E-O500

Learning Environment Observation

100.0

Criteria

Percentage

1: Unsatisfactory (0.00%)

2: Less Than Satisfactory (80.00%)

3: Satisfactory (88.00%)

4: Good (92.00%)

5: Excellent (100.00%)

Content

70.0%

ELEOT

5.0%

A completed ELEOT is included.

N/A

N/A

N/A

A completed ELEOT is included.

ELEOT Results

10.0%

A discussion of the ELEOT results is not included.

A discussion of the ELEOT results is incomplete or incorrect.

A discussion of the ELEOT results is included but lacks supporting details.

A discussion of the ELEOT results is complete and includes supporting details.

A discussion of the ELEOT results is extremely thorough and includes substantial supporting details.

Learning Environment

15.0%

A discussion of how the instructor maintained and managed the learning environment is not included.

A discussion of how the instructor maintained and managed the learning environment is incomplete or incorrect.

A discussion of how the instructor maintained and managed the learning environment is included but lacks supporting details.

A discussion of how the instructor maintained and managed the learning environment is complete and includes supporting details.

A discussion of how the instructor maintained and managed the learning environment is extremely thorough and includes substantial supporting details.

Engagement and Learning Strategies

20.0%

A discussion of the various engagement and learning strategies used and how they could be implemented into various settings is not included.

A discussion of the various engagement and learning strategies used and how they could be implemented into various settings is incomplete or incorrect.

A discussion of the various engagement and learning strategies used and how they could be implemented into various settings is included but lacks supporting details.

A discussion of the various engagement and learning strategies used and how they could be implemented into various settings is complete and includes supporting details.

A discussion of the various engagement and learning strategies used and how they could be implemented into various settings is extremely thorough and includes substantial supporting details.

NUR-646E Learning Environment Observation

Strategy Implementation

20.0%

A discussion on how the strategies observed could be implemented is not included.

A discussion on how the strategies observed could be implemented is incomplete or incorrect.

A discussion on how the strategies observed could be implemented is included but lacks supporting details.

A discussion on how the strategies observed could be implemented is complete and includes supporting details.

A discussion on how the strategies observed could be implemented is extremely thorough and includes substantial supporting details.

Organization and Effectiveness

20.0%

Thesis Development and Purpose

7.0%

Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim.

Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague. Purpose is not clear.

Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose.

Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose.

Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.

Argument Logic and Construction

8.0%

Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources.

Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility.

Argument is orderly, but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis.

Argument shows logical progressions. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative.

Clear and convincing argument that presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.

Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)

5.0%

Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used.

Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register) or word choice are present. Sentence structure is correct but not varied.

Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct and varied sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are employed.

Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. The writer uses a variety of effective sentence structures and figures of speech.

Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.

Format

10.0%

NUR-646E Learning Environment Observation

Paper Format (Use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)

5.0%

Template is not used appropriately or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.

Template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken; lack of control with formatting is apparent.

Template is used, and formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present.

Template is fully used; There are virtually no errors in formatting style.

All format elements are correct.

Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style)

5.0%

Sources are not documented.

Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.

Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present.

Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct.

Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.

Total Weightage

100%

 

Learning Environment Observation

Discuss the Results of the ELEOT

For the observed classroom, all scores from the measured environments ranged above 3. Looking at the 7 environments, Equitable Learning Environment had a score of 3; High Expectations Environment score of 3; Supportive Learning Environment score of 4; Active Learning Environment score of 4; Progress Monitoring and Feedback Environment score of 3; Well-Managed Learning Environment score of 4; while Digital Learning Environment had a score of 3.3.

From the observation, it was evident that students satisfactorily experienced differentiated learning to meet their personal needs in the classroom environment. There was also evidence of collaboration between learners and their peers during the completion of assignment and other classroom activities. Instructors also provided individualized tutoring to students and learners received direct instruction from instructors.  There was also evidence of learner engagement in the classroom environment where the instructor engaged students using creative technologies such as using computer programs aligned with blood pressure cuffs. Students took blood pressure from each other and determined a baseline on the computer indicating use of technologies during learning NUR-646E Learning Environment Observation.

In addition, students supported each other when necessary in the class and there was the use of technology during collaboration, problem-solving, and communication in the classroom setting. The instructor used innovative strategies and best practices to support student engagement along with interactive learning.

 

 

How the Instructor Maintained and Managed the Learning Environment

The instructor maintained and managed the learning environment by setting expectations for the students. Before the class session started, the instructor communicated to students what was expected of them and the learning objectives of that session. In addition, the instructor would motivate students through praise. Motivating students to learn encourages students to complete academic tasks and other classwork assignments. In addition, the instructor would monitor the students by watching their behavior and intervening to address any sign of confusion and inattention for the students. Monitoring allowed the instructor to address any needs of the students during learning. Monitoring involved identifying the stuck students, and those who need redirection and any correction.

Various Engagement and Learning Strategies

To keep learners engaged, one of the tools that can be used is an LMS tool. An LMS tool creates courses that can be accessed anywhere and anytime. The tool can enable students to access learning content on mobile devices and provides learners what they need most and hence it is a powerful engagement strategy for learners (Lee et al, 2018).

Another engagement strategy is the use of open communication channels. The communication channels should be designed in a manner that enables feedback and sharing of opinions, as well as open discussions among leaners and with the instructor as well.  An important strategy that an instructor can use to promote learner engagement in an online forum includes group discussions and peer spaces where questions can be asked.

Implementing the Strategies in the Classroom NUR-646E Learning Environment Observation

Open communication can be integrated into learning using mobile technologies to design online tutorials and create online discussion forums. In addition, I can form group discussions in the classroom to ensure attentiveness of all students through a whole-group focus (Froneman et al, 2016).

 

 

References

Froneman K, Plessis E & Koen M. (2016). Effective educator–student relationships in nursing education to strengthen nursing students’ resilience.
Curationis
. 39(1),1595.

Lee H, Min H, Oh S & Shim K. (2018). Mobile Technology in Undergraduate Nursing Education: A Systematic Review.
Healthc Inform Res
. 24(2), 97–108. NUR-646E Learning Environment Observation

NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology final exam

Question 1

A nurse educator who coordinates the staff education on an oncology unit is conducting an inservice on targeted therapies. What potential benefit of targeted therapies should the nurse highlight in this education session?

Targeted therapies achieve the therapeutic benefits of traditional chemotherapy with no risk of adverse effects.

Targeted therapies have the potential to provide prophylactic protection against neoplasia in high-risk individuals.

Targeted therapies are significantly more cost-effective than traditional chemotherapeutic drugs.

Targeted therapies have the potential to damage cancerous cells while leaving normal body cells less affected.

 

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Question 2

Alprostadil (Caverject), a drug used to treat erectile dysfunction, has been prescribed to a 42-year-old patient. When providing education to the patient and his wife, the nurse should inform the wife about which of the following adverse effects?

Low blood pressure

Vaginal burning

Increased heart rate

Reduced desire for sexual activity

 

 

Question 3

A 12-year-old boy is being discharged from the hospital after … The boy will be taking two medications at home for an extended period. The nurse who is discharging the patient should provide medication teaching specifically to

the mother regarding why the boy needs to take the medications.

both the boy and his mother regarding all medication issued. NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology final exam

the boy by telling him not to worry about the medications and to take them as directed.

the mother and be sure to reinforce the need to force the medications, if her son does not want to take them.

 

 

Question 4

A 30-year-old African-American woman tested positive for …and is prescribed … The nurse will plan the patient’s care to include close monitoring of the drug therapy because

the process of drug

the therapeutic .

the patient is at greater risk for high serum levels of the drug.

the process of

 

 

Question 6

A 16-year-old boy is prescribed cromolyn sodium nasal spray to treat a nasal allergy. To maximize the therapeutic effects of the drug, which of the following will the nurse include in instructions to the patient?

Take

Avoid

Take the

.

 

 

Question 7

Laboratory testing has confirmed that a patient has chloroquine-resistant malaria and the patient’s physician has prescribed quinine along with an adjunctive drug. The nurse should question the physician’s order if the patient has a history of

osteoporosis or

chronic .

 

 

 

 

Question 8

A nurse is explaining to a pregnant 21-year-old college student why she cannot continue to take ibuprofen (Advil) for her headaches. The nurse draws a picture depicting drug molecules crossing the placental membrane and entering into the fetal circulation. The nurse tells the patient that the main reason this happens is because

there is a 40% increase in blood volume during pregnancy.

the mother’s heart rate is 10 to 15 beats per minute faster during pregnancy.

drugs compete with the hormones of pregnancy for albumin-binding sites.

hemodilution of plasma albumin occurs.

 

 

66-year-old man has made an appointment with his primary care provider to discuss his recent …and has requested a prescription for …based on television commercials he has seen. What characteristic of this patient would most likely contraindicate the use of

The patient takes allopurinol for the treatment of gout

The patient has a family history of osteoporosis and has undergone bone density testing

The patient has unstable angina and uses a nitroglycerin patch

The patient often takes ginseng when he gets a common cold

 

 

 

Question 10

A man has a demonstrated history of androgen deficiency and the consequences of this health problem include an inability to maintain an erection. Which of the following medications would best address this patient’s erectile dysfunction (ED)?

Exogenous testosterone

 

 

Question 11

A 39-year-old woman is receiving doxorubicin for the treatment of cancer. After each treatment, the patient has acute nausea and vomiting accompanied by a slightly increased heart rate. The nurse will advise her to

perform relaxation techniques after the treatments.

make an appointment for cardiac function tests.

take the drug only at bedtime.

perform light exercise after administration of the drug.

 

 

 

Question 12

A nurse has administered filgrastim to a diverse group of patients in recent months. Which of the following patients should the nurse observe for extremely elevated white blood cell counts following administration of the drug?

A 19-year-old

A 25-year-old female with

A 39-year-old female with

A 47-year-old male with a=

 

 

 

Question 13

A patient is taking flavoxate hydrochloride (Urispas) to help control an overactive bladder. On a follow-up visit to the clinic, the nurse will question the patient about which of the following?

Dental hygiene practices

Headaches

 

 

Question 17

A female patient is taking filgrastim (Neupogen) to decrease the incidence of infection. The nurse notices a small increase in the neutrophil count 2 days after starting therapy. The nurse’s evaluation of the increase is that

the therapeutic effect of the drug is slow, and it is likely to cause adverse effects.

the drug

the therapeutic effect of the drug is fully evident.

the increase in the

 

 

 

Question 18

A 2-year-old child is diagnosed with a minor ailment and is to be administered medications at home for 2 weeks. The child lives with his mother, grandmother, and four other children between the ages of 14 months and 7 years. The home health nurse is asked to assess the home environment to determine if it is appropriate for the child to take his medication at home. Which of the following will have the greatest impact on the nurse’s assessment?

The mother and grandmother’s understanding about the drugs

How clean the house is

The health status of

Where the

 

 

Question 19

A nurse who provides care on a pediatric unit of a hospital is aware that the potential for harm as a result of drug errors is higher among infants and children than adults. This fact is primarily due to

the inability of infants and children and describe symptoms of adverse drug reactions.

increased body surface area relative to body volume in infants and children.

increased heart rate and subsequently rapid drug distribution among infants and children.

immature liver and kidney function in infants and children.

 

 

 

Question 19

A nurse who provides care on a pediatric unit of a hospital is aware that the potential for harm as a result of drug errors is higher among infants and children than adults. This fact is primarily due to

the inability of infants and children and describe symptoms of adverse drug reactions.

increased body surface area relative to body volume in infants and children.

increased heart rate and subsequently rapid drug distribution among infants and children.

immature liver and kidney function in infants and children.

 

 

 

Question 20

A nurse is caring for a 46-year-old female patient who is taking paclitaxel for ovarian cancer. Two or three days after the infusion of the drug, the nurse must closely monitor for which of the following?

Neurotoxicity

 

 

 

Question 21

A 15-year-old boy who has been taking dextroamphetamine for the treatment of ADHD has been experiencing a depressed mood and a sense of hopelessness. He confides in the school nurse that he has begun taking his stepfather’s antidepressant to improve his mood. After immediately phoning the boy’s stepfather, the nurse learns that the drug in question is phenelzine (Nardil), a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). The nurse should recognize that this combination of drugs creates a serious risk of what health problem?

Nephrotoxicity

 

 

 

Question 22

A 7-year-old child has been taking tetracycline for a bacterial infection. The nurse will be sure to inform the parents that this drug could cause

orange-tinged urine.

staining of permanent teeth.

sleep deprivation.

deep muscle pain.

 

 

Question 23

Mr. Laird is a 49-year-old electrician who experienced severe burns on his trunk, arms, and hands in a workplace accident 2 weeks ago. Part of his ..

Apply a layer of silver sulfadiazine that is sufficiently thick to make the wound bed invisible.

Cleanse the wound of

Apply a thin layer of the drug to

Perform thorough

 

 

Question 24

A patient has been prescribed daptomycin for a complicated skin infection. Which of the following will the nurse advise the patient to report immediately?

Nausea and

Muscle pain or tingling

 

 

Question 25

An immunocompromised 7-year-old child was recently discharged home with a … for home antibiotic therapy. He has now been brought to the emergency department by his mother and father with signs and symptoms of line sepsis. Upon questioning, …

Caregiver

Ineffective Family Therapeutic Regimen Management

Delayed

Knowledge

 

Question 26

A patient’s current course of cancer treatment involves the administration of a conjugated monoclonal antibody. What characteristic of the ?

The drug is derived from .

The targeted therapy is combined with .

The targeted therapy is combination of a monoclonal antibody, a kinase inhibitor, and an inorganic cytotoxin.

The drug is able to adapt its pharmacokinetics to the etiology of the patient’s cancer.

 

 

 

Question 27

 

A female patient has been prescribed estrogen therapy. Which of the following will the nurse advise the patient is a common ?

 

Migraine headaches

 

Breakthrough bleeding

 

Dizziness

 

Changes in libido

 

 

Question 28

A nurse works at a weight management clinic. To which of the following overweight patients could the nurse safely administer dextroamphetamine?

A 38-year-old Caucasian woman with

A 60-year-old African-American man who

A 48-year-old Caucasian man who has

A 28-year-old African-American woman with

 

 

Question 29

A patient with a diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia has met with her oncologist, who has recommended treatment with the kinase inhibitor imatinib. What route of administration should the nurse explain to the patient?

Daily intramuscular injections throughout the

Peripheral IV administration three times a day

Weekly IV infusions over 6 to 8 hours through a

Oral administration of imatinib in a

 

Question 37

A nurse is instructing a 19-year-old female patient on the use of fluconazole for candida vaginitis. A …will be to

take an antiemetic or antidiarrheal for adverse .

use an alternative form of birth control, if taking an oral contraceptive.

use an aspirin for relief of.

take the drug with . NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology final exam

 

 

Question 38

A nurse is assigned to a patient who is at 32 weeks’ gestation and is receiving …for 24 hours to control preterm labor. Which of the following nursing actions will the nurse take to decrease the risk of hypotension and promote circulation to the fetus?

Instruct the patient to lie on her back during the infusion.

Instruct the patient to notify the nurse if she experiences palpitations.

Instruct the patient to limit the amount of her fluid intake during the therapy.

Instruct the patient to lie on her left side during the infusion.

 

 

Question 39

A nurse is caring for a patient with cancer who has been prescribed dronabinol (Marinol) to help reduce nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy. The nurse will inform the patient that h…NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology final exam

methamphetamine.

 

 

Question 40

A 36-year-old woman with a history of dysmenorrhea has begun treatment with progesterone, which she will be receiving by the intramuscular route. The nurse participating in the

Incontinence, Functional, related to neurosensory and musculoskeletal changes

Confusion, Chronic, related to CNS changes resulting from adverse drug effects

 

 

 

Question 41

A 9-year-old boy was bought to his primary care provider by his mother with signs and symptoms of hookworm infection and will be sent home with a prescription for … When provided patient and family education, the nurse should teach the mother with which of the following measures to avoid reinfection following treatment?

The importance of vigilant hygiene for the boy and the other members of the family

The need for the boy to provide serial stool samples for 6 months following treatment

The need to supplement the anthelminthic

The need to use prescription skin cleansers during

 

 

 

Question 42

A patient has been admitted to the critical care unit of the hospital with bacterial septicemia that has failed to respond to initial antibiotic treatment. The patient’s most recent blood cultures reveal the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the patient’s blood. The nurse

Doripenem (Doribax)

 

NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology final exam Question 43

A nurse is working in a women’s hospital where she is caring for a new mother who is experiencing postpartum urinary retention. Bethanechol (Urecholine) has been ordered. The nurse will observe for which of the following?

Hypertension

Decreased salivation

 

 

 

Question 44

A patient is pregnant and is at 7 weeks’ gestation. She has type 1 diabetes and has been taking insulin since she was 13 years old. She asks the nurse if the insulin will be harmful to her baby. The best response to the patient by the nurse would be

“I will tell your physician that you are concerned about taking insulin during your pregnancy.”

“You will have to discontinue the insulin therapy during your pregnancy, but you will

“You will need to continue taking your insulin because

“Insulin is usually the drug of choice for controlling blood glucose levels during pregnancy because it does not cross into the placenta.”

 

 

 

NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology final exam Question 58

A female patient is prescribed oprelvekin therapy to treat thrombocytopenia. Which of the following should the nurse continuously monitor to determine the efficacy and duration of the ?

Red and white blood cell count

Cardiac arrhythmias

 

 

 

Question 59

Which of the following is critical to helping prevent development of resistant strains of ?

Limit the exposure of

Keep the

Maintain the optimum duration of the antimicrobial agent

Maintain the maximum safe frequency of antimicrobial drug ingestion

 

 

 

uestion 60

A 30-year-old woman who is in the first trimester of pregnancy has presented to her primary care provider with a 4-day history of a reddened, itchy left eye that is … The clinician suspects a bacterial, rather than viral, etiology. How will the patient’s pregnancy affect the potential use …?

Ciprofloxacin is safe to use in pregnancy and the patient may use to same dose and route as a nonpregnant patient.

The use of c.

It is safe for the patient to use topical ciprofloxacin but the oral route is potential teratogenic.

The patient will require a lower dose and longer course of .

 

 

Question 68

A 56-year-old woman will soon begin treatment of her …. What patient teaching should the nurse provide to this woman?

“It’s good to measure your heart rate before you take your Detrol each day, and withhold it if your heart rate is below 60 beats/minute.”

“You’ll probably need to stop taking your “

“You’ll likely find that you have scant amounts of blood in your urine for the first few days, but this is not unusual or problematic.”

“You might find that you get a dry mouth or a headache from this drug, but this does not mean

 

 

Question 69

A nurse is instructing a colleague on how …effect. Which of the following should be included in the nurse’s teaching?

The first drugs used to treat infections date back to the 17th century.

…with the growth and development of the bacteria cell wall.

Selective toxicity determines the appropriate drug dosage needed.

…interferes with synthesis of the bacteria cell wall.

 

 

 

NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology final exam Question 70

A nurse is explaining to the parents of a 6-year-old child suffering from …for chest pain would not be appropriate. Which of the following will the nurse include in an explanation?

A child has an …, which increases drug absorption, causing an increase in adverse effects.

A child’s …decreased, causing less of the drug to be absorbed from the subcutaneous skin, therefore producing more adverse effects.

A child has a greater body surface area, creating greater permeability resulting in an increase in absorption of topical agents, which may result in more adverse effects.

A child has a smaller body surface area, resulting in an increase in topical absorption, which can cause more adverse effects.

 

 

 

Question 71

A patient is being discharged from the hospital and will be taking ….. The nurse will instruct the patient that she will be taking a medication

that will be provided in pill form and which may cause lightheadedness.

that will be administered as a weekly IM injection in an outpatient setting.

that may be prescribed as a patch and which may cause dry mouth.

that can be inhaled and that may cause occasional heart palpitations.

 

 

Question 72

A nurse is aware that the concept of …is foundational to … Which of the following statements most accurately describes ….?

A drug harms microbes without harming human cells.

A drug’s effect on microorganisms is proportionate to dose. NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology final exam

Most microbes may be collected from a host and cultured on an alternative medium.

A drug can be isolated and produced in a controlled manner in a laboratory setting.

 

 

Question 98

A nurse is caring for a patient who is at 28 weeks’ gestation and is receiving …to control … Which of the following assessment parameters should the nurse prioritize?

Maternal body temperature

Fetal heart rate (FHR)

Correct fetal position

Fetal blood pressure

 

 

NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology final exam Question 99

 

An oncology nurse is aware of the risks for injury that exist around the preparation, transportation, and administration of chemotherapeutic agents. In order to reduce these risks of injury, the nurse should take which of the following actions?

 

Dispose of intravenous lines used for chemotherapy administration in a covered trash can in the patient’s room.

 

Use an IV system for administration that includes needles to reduce the risk of accidental spills.

 

Prime the IV tubing with an approved IV solution rather than with the drug itself.

 

Encourage patients who have been receiving chemotherapy to use a bedside commode rather than a toilet.

 

Question 100

A nurse is discussing with a 58-year-old male patient the causes of erectile dysfunction in men over 50 years of age. Which of the following will the nurse inform the patient is the primary physical cause of erectile dysfunction of men in this age group?
NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology
final exam

Emotional stress

Atherosclerosis of the penile artery

Diabetes mellitus

Decrease in testosterone levels