Category: Nursing

  • NRS 490

    NRS 490  Week 1 Discussion 1

    Which scholarly databases (name two) in the GCU Library will you choose in order to find the best research articles to support your EBP proposal? Discuss why these two (at least) databases are better than Google Scholar or a general Internet search?

    NRS 490 Week 1 Discussion 2

    The Institute of Medicine has stated a goal that 90% of practice be evidence-based by 2020. We are currently at approximately 15%. Discuss two barriers that might hold nursing practice from achieving this goal. In your responses to course colleagues, suggest ways in which identified barriers may be addressed.

    NRS 490 Week 2 Discussion 1

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    During your practicum, determine what clinical problem or issue the organization is facing. Discuss two implications for nursing.

    NRS 490 Week 2 Discussion 2

    What is the main issue for your organization in addressing a solution to evidence-based nursing practice? Discuss what might be the first step in addressing and resolving this issue.

    NRS 490 Week 3 Discussion 1

    Submit a summary of six of your articles on the discussion board. Discuss one strength and one weakness to each of these six articles on why they may or may not provide sufficient evidence for your practice change.

    NRS 490 Week 3 Discussion 2

    Name two difference methods for evaluating evidence. Compare and contrast these two methods.

    NRS 490 Week 4 Discussion 1

    With your mentor, discuss why understanding the health care system at the local level plays an important part in the logistics of an EBP implementation. Discuss one of your learnings from this conversation that you will take into consideration for your own change project.

    NRS 490 Week 4 Discussion 2

    Identify two change theories, and in your selection process include asking your mentor which one(s) he or she uses or has used. Compare and contrast each one and then note which theory makes the most sense for implementing your specific EBP project?

    NRS 490  Week 5 Discussion 1

    Stakeholder support is necessary for a successful change proposal project implementation. Name one internal (facility, unit or health care setting where the change process is situated) and one external stakeholder (individual or group outside the health care setting) and (1) why their support is necessary to the success of your project, and (2) how you will go about securing that support.

    NRS 490  Week 5 Discussion 2

    Technology is integral to successful implementation in many projects, through either support or integration or both. Name at least one technology that you might or will need to work with that will improve the implementation process and the outcomes of your EBP project.

    NRS 490  Week 6 Discussion 1

    After discussion with your mentor, name one financial, one quality, and one clinical aspect that needs to be taken into account for developing the evidence-based practice project. For each aspect, explain how your proposal will directly and indirectly impact each of the aspects.

    NRS 490  Week 6 Discussion 2

    Access and review the “Capstone Project Topic Selection, Rationale, and Approval” assignment from Topic 1. Now that you have completed a series of assignments that have led you into the active project planning and development stage for your project, take your discussion a step further and briefly describe your proposed solution to address the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need. How has this changed since you first envisioned it, and what led to your current perspective and direction?

    NRS 490  Week 7 Discussion 1

    Determine one internal and one external method for dissemination of your EBP project. For example, an internal method may be the hospital board, and an external method may be a professional nursing organization. Discuss why it is important to report your results to both of these groups. How might your tactics change for each type of group?

    NRS 490  Week 7 Discussion 2

    While EBP is not research, it is important to be able to determine the effectiveness of your change. Discuss one way you will be able to evaluate whether your project made a difference in practice.

    NRS 490  Week 8 Discussion 1

    Based on how you will evaluate your EBP project, which independent and dependent variables do you need to collect? What basic statistical analysis might be run to determine statistical significance?

    NRS 490  Week 8 Discussion 2

    Not all EBP projects result in statistically significant results. Explain what clinical significance is, the difference between clinical and statistical significance, and how you might use clinical significance to support positive outcomes in your project.

    NRS 490  Week 9 Discussion 1

    Discuss one personal strength and one weakness you have regarding professional presentations. Name one method for improvement for each of these, and discuss why it is important for you to work on these skills.

    NRS 490  Week 9 Discussion 2

    Sustaining change can be difficult, as there are many variables that can affect the process and implementation. One critical component of EBP is to ensure that practice change is hardwired so that it will thus continue to impact outcomes over time. Name two potential barriers that may impact your EBP change proposal from continuing to obtain the same desired results six months to a year from now, and your strategies for overcoming these barriers.

    NRS 490  Week 10 Discussion 1

    Dissemination of EBP and research, such as presenting results at a conference or writing an article for a journal, is an important part of professional practice. Name one professional journal and one nursing or health care conference where you might present our project as a presentation or article and discuss why each of your choices is the best option for you to disseminate your new knowledge.

    NRS 490  Week 10 Discussion 2

    Discuss why EBP is an essential component of the practice of a BSN-prepared RN. Then name two ways in which you will continue to integrate evidence into your practice and encourage it within your work environment. What problems or impediments do you foresee in being able to follow your EBP action plan? What steps can you take to minimize these?

    NRS 490  Week 2 Assignment

    In collaboration with your approved course mentor, you will choose a specific evidence-based practice proposal topic for the Capstone Project. Consider the clinical environment in which you are currently working or have recently worked. The Capstone Project topic can be a clinical practice problem, an organizational issue, a quality improvement suggestion, a leadership initiative, or an educational need appropriate to your area of interest as well as your practice immersion (practicum) setting. A combination of 100 “supervised clinical hours” in community health and leadership areas will be obtained through the application of the objectives listed in the “Guidelines for Undergraduate Field Experiences” manual and as captured in the ISP.

    Practicum immersion experiences are required in a community health setting. Community health and leadership practice immersion can occur in the same site and in conjunction with the evidence-based project in the NRS-490V course. Definitions of community-based settings should encourage community integration and involvement; expand accessibility of services and supports; promote personal preference, strengths, dignity; and empower people to participate in the economic mainstream. Examples of the integration of community health, leadership, and an EBP can be found at Healthy People 2020.

    The goals of the practice immersion experience is to apply the learning from your research, community health, and leadership courses:

    After studying this course, you should be able to:

    Demonstrate and apply knowledge of factors to consider when planning to work with a chosen community.

    Demonstrate and apply knowledge of approaches that will facilitate engagement of the community.

    Demonstrate and apply knowledge and skills required to work constructively with communities.

    Demonstrate and apply knowledge related to engagement of organizational leadership and change agents.

    Demonstrate and apply knowledge related to disseminating project findings/data with organizational leadership and change agents.

    Demonstrate and apply knowledge related to completing an evidence-based project to impact population health outcomes.

    Demonstrate and apply Healthy People 2010/2020 principles related to completing an evidence-based project to impact population health outcomes.

    According to Healthy People.gov, educational and community-based programs and strategies are designed to reach people outside of traditional health care settings. These settings may include:

    Schools

    Worksites

    Health care facilities

    Communities

    Each setting provides opportunities to reach people using existing social structures. This maximizes impact and reduces the time and resources necessary for program development.

    In a composition of no more than 750 words, describe the nature of your proposed project topic. Include the following in your discussion:

    The setting or context in which the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need can be observed.

    A description providing a high level of detail regarding the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need.

    Impact of the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need on the work environment, the quality of care provided by staff, and patient outcomes.

    Significance of the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need and its implications to nursing.

    Preview and utilize the “Project Topic Checklist” resource located in the topic materials to assist in developing your proposed Capstone Project topic. This resource will assist you in organizing your work and will provide additional information regarding the assignment. Note: You are required to retrieve and assess a minimum of 15 peer-reviewed articles. Plan your time to complete this assignment accordingly.

    Attach the completed “Project Topic Checklist” to your assignment submission.

    Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

    You are not required to submit this assignment to Turnitin.

    Portfolio Practice Hours

    Students will track their practice hours throughout the course via the Practice Hours Completion Statement provided in this assignment.

    Complete the following statement in a Word document and submit it to the instructor via the individual forum in LoudCloud.

    Practice Hours Completion Statement NRS-490

    I, (INSERT NAME), verify that I have completed (NUMBER OF) practice hours in association with the goals and objectives for this course. I also verify that all required course approvals are in place from my faculty and practice mentor.

    NRS 490  Week 3 Assignment

    Review the PICO(T) resources listed in the topic readings.

    Formulate a PICOT statement using the PICOT format used in the assigned readings. The PICOT statement will provide a framework for your Capstone Project.

    In a paper of 500-750 words, clearly identify the clinical problem (from your Topic 1 approved Change Proposal) and how it can result in a positive patient outcome.

    Make sure to address the following on the PICOT statement:

    Evidence-Based Solution

    Nursing Intervention

    Patient Care

    Health Care Agency

    Nursing Practice

    Recall that a PICOT starts with a designated patient population in a particular clinical area and identifies clinical problems or issues that arise from clinical care. The intervention should be an independent, specified nursing change intervention. The intervention cannot require a provider prescription or equipment change. Include a comparison to a patient population not currently receiving the intervention, and specify the timeframe needed to implement the change process.

    While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

    This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

    You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

    Portfolio Practice Hours

    Students will track their practice hours throughout the course via the Practice Hours Completion Statement provided in this assignment.

    Complete the following statement in a Word document and submit it to the instructor via the individual forum in LoudCloud.

    Practice Hours Completion Statement NRS-490

    I, (INSERT NAME), verify that I have completed (NUMBER OF) practice hours in association with the goals and objectives for this course. I also verify that all required course approvals are in place from my faculty and practice mentor.

    NRS 490  Week 4 Assignment

    In nursing practice, accurate identification and usage of research is essential to achieving successful outcomes. Being able to articulate the information and successfully summarize relevant peer-reviewed articles in a scholarly fashion helps to support the student’s ability and confidence to further develop and synthesize the progressively more complex assignments that constitute the components of the course change proposal Capstone Project.

    For this assignment, the student will provide a synopsis of 15 peer-reviewed articles from nursing journals using an evaluation table that determines the level and strength of evidence for each of the 15 articles. The articles should be current within the last 5 years and closely relate to the PICOT statement you developed earlier in this topic. Appropriate resources to include involve quantitative research, descriptive analyses, longitudinal studies, or meta-analysis articles. A systematic review may be used to provide background information for the purpose or problem identified in the proposed Capstone Project.

    While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

    This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

    You are not required to submit this assignment to Turnitin.

    Portfolio Practice Hours

    Students will track their practice hours throughout the course via the Practice Hours Completion Statement provided in this assignment.

    Complete the following statement in a Word document and submit it to the instructor via the individual forum in LoudCloud.

    NRS 490  Week 6 Assignment 

    An implementation plan prepares students to apply the research they have identified and vetted to the problem or issue they have identified for their Capstone Change Proposal Project. A literature review enables students to map out and move into the active planning and development stages of the Project.

    In this assignment students will develop a 750-1,000-word literature review in which to synthesize what is known and unknown about the Project issue selected. Students will use the information from the PICOT Statement and Evaluation Table assignments prior in the course to develop a planned approach to implementing the evidence-based practice solution. The underlying purpose of this assignment is to analyze how the current research supports the PICOT, and to identify what is known and what is not known in the evidence, providing a logical, constructive argument.

    Include the following sections:

    Title page

    Introduction section

    A comparison of research questions

    A comparison of sample populations

    A comparison of the limitations of the study

    A conclusion section, incorporating recommendations for further research

    While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

    This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

    You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

    Portfolio Practice Hours

    Students will track their practice hours throughout the course via the Practice Hours Completion Statement provided in this assignment.

    Complete the following statement in a Word document and submit it to the instructor via the individual forum in LoudCloud.

    Practice Hours Completion Statement NRS-490

    I, (INSERT NAME), verify that I have completed (NUMBER OF) practice hours in association with the goals and objectives for this course. I also verify that all required course approvals are in place from my faculty and practice mentor.

    Related

    NRS 430V ( Professional Dynamics ) Entire Course

    NRS 440VN Entire Course Trends and Issues in Today’s Health Care

    NRS 429V (Family – Centered Health Promotion) Entire Course

  • Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490

    Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490

    Throughout the RN-to-BSN program, students are required to participate in scholarly activities outside of clinical practice or professional practice. Examples of scholarly activities include attending conferences, seminars, journal club, grand rounds, morbidity and mortality meetings, interdisciplinary committees, quality improvement committees, and any other opportunities available at your site, within your community, or nationally.

    You are required to post one scholarly activity while you are in the BSN program, which should be documented by the end of this course. In addition to this submission, you are required to be involved and contribute to interdisciplinary initiatives on a regular basis.

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    Submit, as the Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490 assignment, a summary report of the scholarly activity, including who, what, where, when and any relevant take-home points. Include the appropriate program competencies associated with the scholarly activity as well as future professional goals related to this activity.

    You may use the “Scholarly Activity Summary” resource to help guide this Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490 assignment.

    While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

    You are not required to submit this Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490 assignment to Turnitin. Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490

    Scholarly Activity Summary

    This document describes the scholarly activity elements that should be included in a five paragraph summary. You may use this resource to help guide the preparation of the Scholarly Activities assignment, due in Topic 10.

    Overview

    This section consists of a single paragraph that succinctly describes the scholarly activity that you attended/participated in, the target market for the activity, and the benefit of the activity to you.

    Problem

    This section consists of either a short narrative or a list of bullet points that concisely identifies the problems the scholarly activity is designed to solve. Educate: What is the current state of the activity topic? Explain why this is a problem, and for whom is it a problem? Inspire: What could a nurse achieve by participating in the scholarly activity? Use declarative sentences with simple words to communicate each point. Less is more. Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490.

    Solution

    This section consists of either a short paragraph or a list of bullet points that concisely describes the solution to a proposed practice problem that the scholarly activity addressed and how it addresses the problem outlined in the previous section.

    Opportunity

    This section consists of short paragraphs that define the opportunity that the scholarly activity is designed to capture. It is important to cover the objectives and goals that were met. How will attending/participating in this scholarly activity help you grow as a nurse? Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490.

    Program Competencies Addressed

    This section consists of a list of program competencies that were addressed in this scholarly activity. Please use the list from the ISP.

     

    Individual Success Plan

    NRS-490 Individual Success Plan

    REQUIRED PRACTICE HOURS: 100

    P

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    T

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    E

     

    I

    M

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    S

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    Complete Contact Information

    Student Information

    GCU

    Name:

    XXX

    E-mail:

    taxxx@gmail.com

     

    Phone Number:

    0086-269-100

     

    Course Faculty Information

    GCU

    Name:

    MXXX

    E-mail:

    Mexxxx.x@my.gcu.edu

     

    Phone Number:

     

     

    Practicum Mentor Information

    Practice Setting

    Name:

    XXXX

    E-mail:

    xxxxa@hotmail.com

     

    Phone Number:

    00-300-5100

     

    MOU signed & uploaded to Instructor in LoudCloud via Individual Forum

    Yes ► ☒

    No ► ☐

    If no, is an existing Affiliation Agreement on file?
    _____

     

    ISP Instructions

    Use this form to develop your Individual Success Plan (ISP) for NRS-490, the Professional Capstone and Practicum course. An individual success plan maps out what you, the RN-to-BSN student, needs to accomplish in order to be successful as you work through this course and complete your overall program of study. You will also share this with your mentor at the beginning and end of this course so that he or she will know what you need to accomplish.

    Application-based learning assignments are listed in the course syllabus with a
    Practice Portfolio Statement
    requirement element noted within the assignment itself. In order for you to successfully complete and graduate from the RN-to-BSN Program you must meet the following programmatic requirements: (1) completion of 100 practice immersion hours, and (2) completion of work associated with all program competencies.

    In this ISP, you will identify all of the objectives, tasks, and/or assignments relating to the 100 practice immersion hours you need to complete by the end of this course. Specify the dates by which you will complete each tasks and/or assignments. Your plan should include a self-assessment of how you met all applicable GCU RN-to-BSN Domains & Competencies (see Appendix A).

    ALL course assignments listing a “Practice Hours Portfolio” statement must be included in the ISP and are worth and recorded here as approximately 10 hours each.
    Actual clock hours must be recorded on this time log
    .

    General Requirements

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    Use the following information to ensure successful completion of each assignment as it pertains to deliverables due in this course:

    Use the Individual Success Plan
    to develop a personal plan for completing your practice immersion hours and self-assess how you will meet the GCU RN-to-BSN University Mission Critical Competencies
    and
    the Programmatic Domains & Competencies (Appendix A) related to that course. Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490

    Show all of the major deliverables in the course, the topic/course objectives that apply to each deliverable, and lastly, align each deliverable to the applicable University Mission Critical Competencies and the course-specific Domains and Competencies (Appendix A).

    Completing your ISP does not earn practice hours, nor does telephone conference time, or time spent with your mentor.

    Within the Individual Success Plan,
    ensure you identify all course assignments which may include the following: Memorandums of Understanding (MOU)(if Affiliation Agreement is not required); comprehensive log of practice immersion hours applied to baccalaureate level learning outcomes; evaluations from faculty and mentors; your evaluations of your mentor; scholarly activity report; competency self-assessment (part of your ISP); reflective journal (Submitted in Week 10 but covering all weeks in the course); course goals and plan for how competencies and practice immersion hours will be met; and both faculty and mentor approvals of course goals and documented practice immersion hours.

     

    Application-based Learning Course Assignments

    List of Current Course Objectives

    Number of Clock Hours Associated with Each Assignment

     

    Assignment

    Date Due

    Self-Assessment:

    GCU RN-to-BSN

    University Mission Critical Competencies and

    Programmatic Domains & Competencies

    (see Appendix A)

    Date

    Assignment

    Completed

    Week One

    Professional Capstone and Practicum Documentation

     

    Individual Success Plan

     

    Professional Capstone and Practicum Reflective Journal and Scholarly Activities. Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490

     1. Identify problems, issues, and opportunities to improve patient care, patient outcomes, and organizational procedures within a clinical practice setting.

    2. Examine a health care clinical problem or an organization issue and its implications to nursing practice.

    3. Determine evidence-based solutions that address patient-care or clinical practice quality problems or issues.

    4. Analyze health care clinical problems and organizational issues utilizing the PICO(T) process

    5. Demonstrate values consistent with the role of a nursing professional through fundamental knowledge and advanced skills.

     

    10 hours

     

     

     

     

     

    November 19, 2017

     

     

     

     

    MC1:
    Effective Communication:
    Therapeutic communication is central to baccalaureate nursing practice. Students gain an understanding of their ethical responsibility and how verbal and written communication affects others intellectually and emotionally. Students begin to use nursing terminology and taxonomies within the practice of professional and therapeutic communication. Courses require students to write scholarly papers, prepare presentations, develop persuasive arguments, and engage in discussion that is clear, assertive, and respectful

     

    November 19, 2017

    Week Two

    Capstone Project Topic Selection and Approval

     

    Topic 2 Practice Hours Completion Statement

    1. Identify problems, issues, and opportunities to improve patient care, patient outcomes, and organizational procedures within a clinical practice setting.

    2. Examine a health care clinical problem or an organization issue and its implications to nursing practice.

    3. Determine evidence-based solutions that address patient-care or clinical practice quality problems or issues.

    4. Analyze health care clinical problems and organizational issues utilizing the PICO(T) process

    5. Demonstrate values consistent with the role of a nursing professional through fundamental knowledge and advanced skills.

     

    10 hours

     

     

     

     

    November 26, 2017

     

     

     

    MC2: Critical Thinking:
    Courses require students to use critical thinking skills by analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating scientific evidence needed to improve patient outcomes and professional practice

     

    MC4:

    Global Awareness, Perspectives, and Ethics:
    The concept of global citizenship is introduced to baccalaureate students in the foundational curriculum. Some courses will focus on the human experience across the world health continuum. The World Health Organization (WHO) definitions of health, health disparities, and determinants of health are foundational to nursing practice

     

    Domain 1: Professional Role

    Graduates of Grand Canyon University’s RN-BSN program will be able to incorporate professional values to advance the nursing profession through leadership skills, political involvement, and life-long learning.

    Competencies:

    1.1:
          Exemplify professionalism in diverse health care settings.

    1.2:
          Manage patient care within the changing environment of the health care system.

    1.3:
          Exercise professional nursing leadership and management roles in the promotion of patient safety and quality care.

    1.4:
          Participate in health care policy development to influence nursing practice and health care.

    1.5:
          Advocate for autonomy and social justice for individuals and diverse populations.

     

    Domain 5: Holistic Patient Care

    Graduates of Grand Canyon University’s RN-BSN program will be able to provide holistic individualized care that is sensitive to cultural and spiritual aspects of the human experience.

    Competencies:

    5.1:
          Understand the human experience across the health-illness continuum.

    5.2:
          Assess for the spiritual needs and provide appropriate interventions for individuals, families, and groups.

    5.3:
          Provide culturally sensitive care.

    5.4:
          Preserve the integrity and human dignity in the care of all patients.

     

     

     

     

     

    November 26, 2017

    Week Three

    PICOT Statement Paper

    Topic 3 Practice Hours Completion Statement

    1. Evaluate evidence-based research and other appropriate resources to inform the development of a change plan.

    2. Identify strategies for logistical implementation of proposed solutions.

    3. Demonstrate the ability to evaluate levels of evidence into a concise format.

    4. Integrate evidence, clinical judgment, interprofessional perspectives, and patient preferences in planning, implementing, and evaluating outcomes of care.

     

    10 hours

     

    December 3, 2017

    MC2: Critical Thinking:
    Courses require students to use critical thinking skills by analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating scientific evidence needed to improve patient outcomes and professional practice

    Domain 2: Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice

    Graduates of Grand Canyon University’s RN-BSN program will have acquired a body of nursing knowledge built on a theoretical foundation of liberal arts, science, and nursing concepts that will guide professional practice.

    Competencies:

    2.1:
          Incorporate liberal arts and science studies into nursing knowledge.

    2.2:
          Comprehend nursing concepts and health theories.

    2.3:
          Understand and value the processes of critical thinking, ethical reasoning, and decision making.

     

     

    December 3, 2107

    Week Four

    Literature Evaluation Table

    Topic 4 Practice Hours Completion Statement

    1. Evaluate evidence-based research and other appropriate resources to inform the development of a change plan.

    2. Identify strategies for logistical implementation of proposed solutions.

    3. Demonstrate the ability to evaluate levels of evidence into a concise format.

    4. Integrate evidence, clinical judgment, interprofessional perspectives, and patient preferences in planning, implementing, and evaluating outcomes of care.

     

    10 hours

     

     

     

    December10, 2017

     

     

    MC2: Critical Thinking:
    Courses require students to use critical thinking skills by analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating scientific evidence needed to improve patient outcomes and professional practice.

     

    Domain 2: Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice

    Graduates of Grand Canyon University’s RN-BSN program will have acquired a body of nursing knowledge built on a theoretical foundation of liberal arts, science, and nursing concepts that will guide professional practice.

    Competencies:

    2.1:
          Incorporate liberal arts and science studies into nursing knowledge.

    2.2:
          Comprehend nursing concepts and health theories.

    2.3:
          Understand and value the processes of critical thinking, ethical reasoning, and decision making.

     

     

     

     

     

     

    December 10, 2017

    Week Five

    Topic 5 Practice Hours Completion Statement

    1. Identify objectives, strategy, and measurable outcomes of the evidence-based practice proposal.

    2. List steps needed to implement each strategy in a change proposal.

    3. Outline the resources needed to develop and implement a change proposal.

    4. Describe methods for obtaining necessary support from key stakeholders.

    5. Develop a plan to evaluate the effectiveness of the change proposal project.

    6. Evaluate the role of information sources and technologies impacting the delivery of care within an adequate environment of care.

    7. Develop appropriate change plans that promote health and prevent disease.

     

    10 hours

     

     

     

     

    December 17, 2017

     

     

     

    MC2: Critical Thinking:
    Courses require students to use critical thinking skills by analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating scientific evidence needed to improve patient outcomes and professional practice.

     

    MC4:

    Global Awareness, Perspectives, and Ethics:
    The concept of global citizenship is introduced to baccalaureate students in the foundational curriculum. Some courses will focus on the human experience across the world health continuum. The World Health Organization (WHO) definitions of health, health disparities, and determinants of health are foundational to nursing practice

     

    Domain 3: Nursing Practice

    Graduates of Grand Canyon University’s RN-BSN program will be able to utilize the nursing process to provide safe quality care based on nursing best practices.

    Competencies:

    3.1:
          Utilize the nursing process to provide safe and effective care for patients across the health-illness continuum: promoting, maintaining, and restoring health; preventing disease; and facilitating a peaceful death.

    3.2:
          Implement patient care decisions based on evidence-based practice.

    3.3:
          Provide individualized education to diverse patient populations in a variety of health care settings.

    3.4:
          Demonstrate professional standards of practice.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    December 17, 2017

    Week Six

    Literature Review

    Topic 6 Practice Hours Completion Statement

    1. Identify objectives, strategy, and measurable outcomes of the evidence-based practice proposal.

    2. List steps needed to implement each strategy in a change proposal.

    3. Outline the resources needed to develop and implement a change proposal.

    4. Describe methods for obtaining necessary support from key stakeholders.

    5. Develop a plan to evaluate the effectiveness of the change proposal project.

    6. Evaluate the role of information sources and technologies impacting the delivery of care within an adequate environment of care.

    7. Develop appropriate change plans that promote health and prevent disease.

     

    10 hours

     

     

     

     

    December 24, 2017

     

     

    MC2: Critical Thinking:
    Courses require students to use critical thinking skills by analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating scientific evidence needed to improve patient outcomes and professional practice.

     

     

    MC4:

    Global Awareness, Perspectives, and Ethics:
    The concept of global citizenship is introduced to baccalaureate students in the foundational curriculum. Some courses will focus on the human experience across the world health continuum. The World Health Organization (WHO) definitions of health, health disparities, and determinants of health are foundational to nursing practice.

     

    Domain 3: Nursing Practice

    Graduates of Grand Canyon University’s RN-BSN program will be able to utilize the nursing process to provide safe quality care based on nursing best practices.

    Competencies:

    3.1:
          Utilize the nursing process to provide safe and effective care for patients across the health-illness continuum: promoting, maintaining, and restoring health; preventing disease; and facilitating a peaceful death.

    3.2:
          Implement patient care decisions based on evidence-based practice.

    3.3:
          Provide individualized education to diverse patient populations in a variety of health care settings.

    3.4:
          Demonstrate professional standards of practice.

    Domain 4: Communication/Informatics

    Graduates of Grand Canyon University’s RN-BSN program will be able to manage information and technology to provide safe quality care in a variety of settings. In addition, graduates will be able to communicate therapeutically and professionally to produce positive working relationships with patients and health care team members.

    Competencies:

    4.1:
          Utilize patient care technology and information management systems.

    4.2:
          Communicate therapeutically with patients.

    4.3:
          Professionally communicate and collaborate with the interdisciplinary health care teams to provide safe and effective care.

     

     

     

     

    December 24, 2017

    Week Seven

    Topic 7 Practice Hours Completion Statement

    1. Identify methods to evaluate a proposed solution.

    2. Describe variables and outcomes to be assessed pre- and post-project implementation.

    3. Utilize appropriate tools such as basic statistics to evaluate project outcomes.

    4. Summarize plans for disseminating evidence.

    5. Use communication and collaboration skills to deliver high-quality, evidence-based, patient-centered care.

     

    10 hours

     

     

     

     

    January 14, 2018

     

     

     

     

     

     

    MC1: Effective Communication:
    Therapeutic communication is central to baccalaureate nursing practice. Students gain an understanding of their ethical responsibility and how verbal and written communication affects others intellectually and emotionally. Students begin to use nursing terminology and taxonomies within the practice of professional and therapeutic communication. Courses require students to write scholarly papers, prepare presentations, develop persuasive arguments, and engage in discussion that is clear, assertive, and respectful. Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490

     

    Domain 4: Communication/Informatics

    Graduates of Grand Canyon University’s RN-BSN program will be able to manage information and technology to provide safe quality care in a variety of settings. In addition, graduates will be able to communicate therapeutically and professionally to produce positive working relationships with patients and health care team members.

    Competencies:

    4.1:
          Utilize patient care technology and information management systems.

    4.2:
          Communicate therapeutically with patients.

    4.3:
          Professionally communicate and collaborate with the interdisciplinary health care teams to provide safe and effective care

     

    January 14, 2018

    Week Eight

    Topic 8 Practice Hours Completion Statement

    1. Identify methods to evaluate a proposed solution.

    2. Describe variables and outcomes to be assessed pre- and post-project implementation.

    3. Utilize appropriate tools such as basic statistics to evaluate project outcomes.

    4. Summarize plans for disseminating evidence.

    5. Use communication and collaboration skills to deliver high-quality, evidence-based, patient-centered care.

     

    10 hours

     

     

     

     

    January 21, 2018

     

     

     

     

    MC1: Effective Communication:
    Therapeutic communication is central to baccalaureate nursing practice. Students gain an understanding of their ethical responsibility and how verbal and written communication affects others intellectually and emotionally. Students begin to use nursing terminology and taxonomies within the practice of professional and therapeutic communication. Courses require students to write scholarly papers, prepare presentations, develop persuasive arguments, and engage in discussion that is clear, assertive, and respectful.

     

    Domain 4: Communication/Informatics

    Graduates of Grand Canyon University’s RN-BSN program will be able to manage information and technology to provide safe quality care in a variety of settings. In addition, graduates will be able to communicate therapeutically and professionally to produce positive working relationships with patients and health care team members.

    Competencies:

    4.1:
          Utilize patient care technology and information management systems.

    4.2:
          Communicate therapeutically with patients.

    4.3:
          Professionally communicate and collaborate with the interdisciplinary health care teams to provide safe and effective care.

     

     

     

     

    January 21, 2018

    Week Nine

    Benchmark-Capstone Project Change Proposal

     

    Topic 9 Practice Hours Completion Statement

    1. Produce a comprehensive and professional change initiative presentation.

    2. Integrate acquired knowledge and skills into professional practice.

    3. Examine the implementation of evidence-based research in nursing practice.

    4. Analyze research findings for the enhancement of evidence-based practice in the clinical setting.

    5. Apply leadership concepts, skills, and decision making in the provision of high-quality nursing care in a collaborative interprofessional setting.

    6. Analyze the impact of organizational and environmental factors on health care delivery and practice.

    7. Demonstrate leadership and communication skills to effectively implement change initiatives for nursing practice.

     

    10 hours

     

     

     

     

    Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490

     

    January 28, 2018

     

     

     

     

     

    MC5: Leadership:
    Students will apply a Christian worldview within a global society and examine ethical issues from the framework of a clearly articulated system of professional values. Students will engage in discussion of values-based decisions made from a Christian perspective. Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490

     

    Domain 1: Professional Role

    Graduates of Grand Canyon University’s RN-BSN program will be able to incorporate professional values to advance the nursing profession through leadership skills, political involvement, and life-long learning.

    Competencies:

    1.1:
          Exemplify professionalism in diverse health care settings.

    1.2:
          Manage patient care within the changing environment of the health care system.

    1.3:
          Exercise professional nursing leadership and management roles in the promotion of patient safety and quality care.

    1.4:
          Participate in health care policy development to influence nursing practice and health care.

    1.5:
          Advocate for autonomy and social justice for individuals and diverse populations.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    January 28, 2018

    Week Ten

    Benchmark-Professional Capstone and Practicum Reflective Journal

     

    Scholarly Activities

    1. Produce a comprehensive and professional change initiative presentation.

    2. Integrate acquired knowledge and skills into professional practice.

    3. Examine the implementation of evidence-based research in nursing practice.

    4. Analyze research findings for the enhancement of evidence-based practice in the clinical setting.

    5. Apply leadership concepts, skills, and decision making in the provision of high-quality nursing care in a collaborative interprofessional setting.

    6. Analyze the impact of organizational and environmental factors on health care delivery and practice.

    7. Demonstrate leadership and communication skills to effectively implement change initiatives for nursing practice.

     

    10 hours

     

     

     

     

     

    February 4, 2018

     

     

     

     

    MC5: Leadership:
    Students will apply a Christian worldview within a global society and examine ethical issues from the framework of a clearly articulated system of professional values. Students will engage in discussion of values-based decisions made from a Christian perspective.

     

    Domain 1: Professional Role

    Graduates of Grand Canyon University’s RN-BSN program will be able to incorporate professional values to advance the nursing profession through leadership skills, political involvement, and life-long learning.

    Competencies:

    1.1:
          Exemplify professionalism in diverse health care settings.

    1.2:
          Manage patient care within the changing environment of the health care system.

    1.3:
          Exercise professional nursing leadership and management roles in the promotion of patient safety and quality care.

    1.4:
          Participate in health care policy development to influence nursing practice and health care.

    1.5:
          Advocate for autonomy and social justice for individuals and diverse populations.

     

     

     

     

     

     

    February 4, 2018

    By typing in his/her signature below, the student agrees to have read, understood, and be accountable for the instructions, assignments, and hours shown above and that all questions have been satisfactorily answered by the faculty and/or program director. Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490

    Mentors will sign upon initial receipt and at the end of the course to confirm that assignments have been complete with your guidance.

     

    Student Signature

    Name:

    xxxxx

    Date:

     

    Mentor Signature [Upon Initiation of Course]

    Name:

    xxxxx

    Date:

    xxxx

    Mentor Signature [Upon Completion of Course]

    Name:

     

    Date:

     

     

    APPENDIX A:

    GCU RN-to-BSN Domains & Competencies

    University’s Mission Critical Competencies

    How does this Individual Success Plan support the GCU Mission?

    MC1: Effective Communication:
    Therapeutic communication is central to baccalaureate nursing practice. Students gain an understanding of their ethical responsibility and how verbal and written communication affects others intellectually and emotionally. Students begin to use nursing terminology and taxonomies within the practice of professional and therapeutic communication. Courses require students to write scholarly papers, prepare presentations, develop persuasive arguments, and engage in discussion that is clear, assertive, and respectful.

    MC2: Critical Thinking:
    Courses require students to use critical thinking skills by analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating scientific evidence needed to improve patient outcomes and professional practice.

    MC3: Christian Worldview:
    Students will apply a Christian worldview within a global society and examine ethical issues from the framework of a clearly articulated system of professional values. Students will engage in discussion of values-based decisions made from a Christian perspective.

    MC4:

    Global Awareness, Perspectives, and Ethics:
    The concept of global citizenship is introduced to baccalaureate students in the foundational curriculum. Some courses will focus on the human experience across the world health continuum. The World Health Organization (WHO) definitions of health, health disparities, and determinants of health are foundational to nursing practice.

    MC5: Leadership:
    Students will apply a Christian worldview within a global society and examine ethical issues from the framework of a clearly articulated system of professional values. Students will engage in discussion of values-based decisions made from a Christian perspective. Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490

    ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER NOW

    Domains and Competencies

    How does this Individual Success Plan support the Program Domains and Competencies?

    Domain 1: Professional Role

    Graduates of Grand Canyon University’s RN-BSN program will be able to incorporate professional values to advance the nursing profession through leadership skills, political involvement, and life-long learning.

    Competencies:

    1.1:
          Exemplify professionalism in diverse health care settings.

    1.2:
          Manage patient care within the changing environment of the health care system.

    1.3:
          Exercise professional nursing leadership and management roles in the promotion of patient safety and quality care.

    1.4:
          Participate in health care policy development to influence nursing practice and health care.

    1.5:
          Advocate for autonomy and social justice for individuals and diverse populations.

     

    Domain 2: Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice

    Graduates of Grand Canyon University’s RN-BSN program will have acquired a body of nursing knowledge built on a theoretical foundation of liberal arts, science, and nursing concepts that will guide professional practice.

    Competencies:

    2.1:
          Incorporate liberal arts and science studies into nursing knowledge.

    2.2:
          Comprehend nursing concepts and health theories.

    2.3:
          Understand and value the processes of critical thinking, ethical reasoning, and decision making.

    Domain 3: Nursing Practice

    Graduates of Grand Canyon University’s RN-BSN program will be able to utilize the nursing process to provide safe quality care based on nursing best practices. Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490

    Competencies:

    3.1:
          Utilize the nursing process to provide safe and effective care for patients across the health-illness continuum: promoting, maintaining, and restoring health; preventing disease; and facilitating a peaceful death.

    3.2:
          Implement patient care decisions based on evidence-based practice.

    3.3:
          Provide individualized education to diverse patient populations in a variety of health care settings.

    3.4:
          Demonstrate professional standards of practice.

    Domain 4: Communication/Informatics

    Graduates of Grand Canyon University’s RN-BSN program will be able to manage information and technology to provide safe quality care in a variety of settings. In addition, graduates will be able to communicate therapeutically and professionally to produce positive working relationships with patients and health care team members.

    Competencies:

    4.1:
          Utilize patient care technology and information management systems.

    4.2:
          Communicate therapeutically with patients.

    4.3:
          Professionally communicate and collaborate with the interdisciplinary health care teams to provide safe and effective care.

    Domain 5: Holistic Patient Care

    Graduates of Grand Canyon University’s RN-BSN program will be able to provide holistic individualized care that is sensitive to cultural and spiritual aspects of the human experience.

    Competencies:

    5.1:
          Understand the human experience across the health-illness continuum.

    5.2:
          Assess for the spiritual needs and provide appropriate interventions for individuals, families, and groups.

    5.3:
          Provide culturally sensitive care.

    5.4:
          Preserve the integrity and human dignity in the care of all patients. Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490

     

    PICOT Statement Paper: Problem of Hypertension

    Practice Problem/Issue and PICOT Question

    Hypertension adds to the passing of many individuals all through the world, yet there is as yet poor administration of the condition. Setting up compelling control measures could essentially control the quantity of passings around the world. To control and administration hypertension successfully, it is imperative to recognize and deal with the way of life hazard factors related with the condition as that brings down circulatory strain. What’s more, it is crucial to perform standard screening, discussing adequately with patients, checking patients all the time, and holding fast to treatment. Specifically, it is conceivable to avert and control the condition viably through way of life changes (slim down and frequently captivating in work out) as these serves to altogether direct pulse (Dua et al,2014). Evidenced based solution for patients with hypertension is to lower DBP and SBP below levels in which medication will be started. There should be an alternative drug from a different class to take care of a patient.

    PICOT Question

    For male grown-ups between the ages of 40 and 70 with hypertension, and with various co-morbidities, will the adjustment in way of life (drawing in routinely in exercise and eating more beneficial and adjusted suppers), contrasted with patients who utilize prescription to treat/deal with their hypertension, help to control their pulse and diminish the danger of creating cardiovascular illnesses in their recuperation period inside a half year. The period will be sufficiently long to make a patient to be capable not to experience the ill effects of hypertension and to likewise lessen the dangers that the people will ordinarily go through(Howes,2013). Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490.

    Intervention

    The primary technique for intercession for a patient with hypertension it is with no uncertainty to put them under prescription, so they can get cured. That is the most secure path as it will influence the patient to have the capacity to deal with themselves as far as how they to think, what they eat and even the exercises that they attempt to participate in (Dua et al,2014). The age of the patients will likewise imply that the patients are given solution that can manage them in the most helpful ways and which they can acknowledge all in all. The medication that can be given for this situation is one that can decrease the cruelty of a medication. The nursing intervention for patients with hypertension is assessing the headache pains that a patient is experiencing and checking the blurred vision in every four hours until it goes away. Another nursing intervention is for a nurse to educate a patient on how they consult with their doctor before medication is stopped. Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490.

    Comparison

    The fundamental contrasting option to contrast with the mediation will have with do with influencing the patient to get the opportunity to do a considerable measure of activities. That is one thing that will make the licenses to have the capacity to manage the issue of hypertension and since practices have been demonstrated that they work, it will then be simple for the patient to recuperate from the hypertension and what will imply that they will get cured from such an infirmity. Toward the end, all will have ended up being sure as the patient will have the capacity to get the coveted medication(Howes,2013). Patient care to those with hypertension is to first educate, measure the blood pressure and even give advice Education will entail modifying the behavior of a patient which is related to smoking, alcohol intake and how to manage stress. Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490.

    Outcome

    In this exploration and managing a patient, it is with most likely that there are things that are being tended to and which are there to have the capacity to manage the way a patient gets the chance to react to pharmaceutical or even exercise. The cerebral pains that are regularly seen in patients with antagonistic hypertension combined with the measure of considerations are the conditions that are to be wiped out in the patients that have hypertension. The numerous unfavorable occasions in the patients will get diminished because of the patients having the capacity to be under pharmaceutical or notwithstanding sharing in practices that are useful for their wellbeing (Dua et al,2014). Healthcare agency for caring for patients with hypertension can be the likes of Intrepid USA Healthcare Services which gives Hypertension Management Program that helps patients get and have a maintained blood pressure that is healthy. Nursing practice for patients with hypertension will be the likes of minimizing the cost of therapy, including a patient in making of decision and even implementation of treatment plans step by step. Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490.

     

     

    References

    Dua, S., Bhuker, M., Sharma, P., Dhall, M., & Kapoor, S. (2014). Body Mass Index Relates. to Blood Pressure Among Adults. 
    North American Journal of Medical Sciences
    , 
    6
    (2), 89–95. http://doi.org/10.4103/1947-2714.127751

    Howes, F., Warnecke, E., &Nelson, M. (2013). Barriers to lifestyle risk factor assessment and management in hypertension: A qualitative study of Australian general practitioners.
    Journal of Human Hypertension
    ,
    27
    , 474-478 doi:10.1038/jhh.2013.9. Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490.

    Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490

    Capstone
     Project: Treatment of Hypertension

    Hypertension

    Hypertension, also known as high blood disease pressure is a serious condition that ultimately results in damaging of blood vessels leaving an individual prone to heart attack, stroke, and other conditions. Various factors increase the likelihood of developing the disease they include obesity, consumption of a lot of salt, diabetes, smoking, and alcohol intake. Globally, hypertension results in the death of millions of people, but with the right administration, the mortality rates can be reduced. Treatment of hypertension is diverse including lifestyle changes and treatment through drug therapy. Lifestyle approach in the treatment of hypertension involves intake of healthy diets, quitting smoking, physical exercise, and reducing alcohol intake. Considering the complexities that surround the treatment and management of hypertension, this paper seeks to demonstrate that it is crucial to incorporate lifestyle modifications alongside medical treatments in the management of high blood pressure. Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490.

    Background of the Problem

    Hypertension is a worldwide health issue that afflicts many individuals. The causative factors for the condition can be genetic or acquired through poor lifestyle habits. The disease may also present as a co-morbidity to other illnesses such as diabetes and kidney disease or hypertension may lead to the onset of these diseases. Hence, the problem prevails in a vicious cycle pattern making treatment goals difficult to achieve (Wang, Ning, Yang, Lu, Tu, Jin & … Su, 2014). In addition, the advancement of the food processing industry has immensely contributed to the development of hypertension because of the relatively higher amounts of salts and other harmful food additives in the diets. If left unmanaged, hypertension can lead to the development of co-morbidities such as heart disease, diabetes, and stroke. Blood pressure involves exertion of force on the walls of the blood vessels, with the amount of force exerted dependent on the levels of resistance from the blood vessels and the amount of work done by the heart.

    Problem Statement

    Estimates issued by the World Health Organization indicate that in the United States alone, over 85 million people are suffering from hypertension. In the low and middle-income countries in the world, urbanization has steadily caused an upsurge in the number diagnosed cases of hypertension due to changes in lifestyle habits. Globally, increased blood pressure has been found to cause over 7 million deaths, a figure which accounts for over 12% of the total world deaths. Overall, both men and women develop high blood pressure, although the prevalence rates are higher for men than for women. Therefore, hypertension is a public health concern that has been found to cause the development of cardiovascular disease and stroke (Khdour, Hallak, Shaeen, Jarab & Shahed 2013).

    A lot of research work has been carried out with the intention of deciphering the etiology of the disease and the best treatment approaches to the problem of hypertension. Although the research efforts have centered on the medical perspectives of treatment, exploration of the role of lifestyle modification as a preventive measure for hypertension needs to be carried out (Khdour, Hallak, Shaeen, Jarab & Shahed 2013). Furthermore, lack of adequate awareness about hypertension on the part of the patient substantially influences the onset of hypertension, and the delayed seeking of treatment for the condition. Also, because of an increase in population and the sharp increase of the geriatric demographic age group, the number of people living with unmanaged hypertension in the world has been on the increase; hence this paper advocates for the use of lifestyle modifications in the management of hypertension among adult males. Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490.
     

    Purpose of the Change Proposal

    Considering the complexities that surround the treatment and management of hypertension, this paper seeks to demonstrate it is crucial to incorporate lifestyle modifications alongside medical treatments in the management of high blood pressure. This is because ideally, lifestyle changes should be considered not only as preventive measures but also as first line treatment options. These adjustments include dietary changes such as consumption of low sodium, high glycemic index foods, and daily intake of 3-5 servings of fruits and vegetables. Physicians and nurses recommend that pre-hypertensive or hypertensive patients engage in physical exercise which includes half an hour of low to moderate intensity aerobic exercise such as swimming, jogging walking or cycling (Nwankwo, Yoon, Burt, & Gu, 2013). In addition, utilizing stress reduction measures significantly assists with blood pressure control. These measures include avoidance of cigarette smoking and alcohol and consumption of unhealthy diets. Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490

    PICOT Statement

    To address the problem of hypertension, the following PICOT question was developed: For male grown-ups between the ages of 40 and 70 with hypertension, and with various co-morbidities, will the adjustment in way of life (drawing in routinely in exercise and eating more beneficial and adjusted suppers), contrasted with patients who utilize prescription to treat/deal with their hypertension, help to control their pulse and diminish the danger of creating cardiovascular illnesses in their recuperation period inside a half year? The period will be sufficiently long to make a patient to be capable not to experience the ill effects of hypertension and to likewise lessen the dangers that the people will ordinarily go through. Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490.
     

    Literature Search Strategy Employed

    For the search of literature review, the Ebscohost data base search was used. Key words used in the search were hypertension, high blood pressure, and hypertension among males. A total of 25 articles related to hypertension were found and another 13 articles discussing high blood pressure and other morbidities were found. Further, no articles related to the topic of hypertension among males were found in the data base. Of the 38 articles found, those that failed to meet search criteria of hypertension and high blood pressure and lifestyle adjustments were eliminated. A total of three articles were left for the literature review.

    Literature Review

    As discussed earlier, the problem of hypertension has a high prevalence in the United States and the world. Wang et al. (2013) assert that high blood pressure is the single most significant risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease.  The authors further state that low awareness lack of treatment and management leads to an increase in the number of deaths and complications from hypertension. Risk factors such as high body mass index lack of physical exercise and consumption of unhealthy diets cause further problems into an already complex issue.

    A National Health and Nutrition Survey reveals that early diagnosis and treatment ensures the prevention of complications of hypertension for instance damage of the arteries and blindness (Nwankwo, Yoon, Burt, & Gu, 2013). However, research by suggests that hypertensive patients may fail to develop signs or symptoms in which case treatment is sought for the eventual complications such as blindness. Lifestyle changes in combination with medication may lower high blood pressure and lead to an improved quality of life for the patient. However, lifestyle modifications alone have been found effective as a first line option treatment for hypertension. These changes include the incorporation 30 minutes of physical activity into the patient’s daily routine.

    Ideally the goal of physical exercise is to assist the patient with weight loss and a reduction of the BMI (Khdour et al., 2013). Dietary adjustments entail intake of low sodium diets, intake of high fiber diets, which includes fruits and vegetables, and consumption of low-fat dairy products. Lifestyle modifications also constitute the avoidance of stress and its causative factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption. Dietary changes may involve the nurse or the nutritionist assist the patient develop a feeding plan which is known as dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet.

    Applicable Change Model

    For patients suffering from hypertension and other chronic diseases, the Chronic Care Model is an effective organizational strategy to caring for hypertensive patients. I this scenario, the model is applicable because it utilizes evidence based research and creates interactions between an educated patient and a proactive team of health care professionals. Moreover, the system is practical and offers support for the patient in management of hypertension (Davy, Bleasel, Liu, Tchan, Ponniah, & Brown, (2015).

    Implementation Plan

    Following the six components of the Chronic Care Model, the implementation plan will aim to decrease high blood pressure, manage weight, support self-management and decision making that will impact on the overall well-being of the patient. Self-management is critical because it indicates that the patient is in charge of their own health care situation. Applicable changes will be filtered through the components of the Chronic Care Model and tested against evidence-based research to ascertain that they are effective at achieving the goals of blood pressure reduction and weight reduction (Davy, Bleasel, Liu, Tchan, Ponniah, & Brown, (2015).

    Potential Barriers to Implementation

    Potential barriers to the implementation of the plan include patient apathy and non- adherence to the issues such as physical activity and consumption of healthy diets to achieve the treatment goals of lowering blood pressure and weight reduction (Khatib, 2012). Another key barrier from the patient is an attitude of indifference which may result in the patient viewing the plan as inconsequential and non-contributory to the management of their blood pressure.

    Conclusion

    As noted, hypertension is among the leading causes of heart attacks, strokes, and other complications. With the right interventions in place, the condition can be managed and treated; hypertension treatment considers two forms of treatment including the use of anti-hypertensive drugs as well as lifestyle modifications. Anti-hypertensive drugs used include diuretics, angiotensin, converting enzymes blockers, beta blockers among others each of the drugs work differently, but all ultimately result in lowering the blood pressure. Therefore, apart from medication, lifestyle changes are also crucial in management and treatment of the disease especially in reducing cardiovascular risks and lowering the blood pressure.

     

     

     

    References

    Davy, C., Bleasel, J., Liu, H., Tchan, M., Ponniah, S., & Brown, A. (2015). Effectiveness of chronic care models: Opportunities for improving healthcare practice and health outcomes: A systematic review. 
    BMC Health Services Research
    , 
    15
    , 194. http://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-015-0854-8

    Khatib, O. M. (2012).
    Clinical guideline for the management of hypertension.
    New York, NY: World Health Organization. Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490

    Khdour, M., Hallak, H., Shaeen, M., Jarab, A., & Shahed, Q. A. (2013). Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in the Palestinian population.
    Journal of Human Hypertension
    , (10), 623. doi:10.1038/jhh.2013.26

    Nwankwo, T., Yoon, S. S., Burt, V., Gu, Q. (2013). Hypertension among adults in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2012.
    NCHS Data Brief
    (133),1-8.

    Wang, J., Ning, X., Yang, L., Lu, H., Tu, J., Jin, W., & … Su, T. (2014). Trends of hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control in rural areas of northern China during 1991-2011.
    Journal of Human Hypertension
    ,
    28
    (1), 25-31. doi:10.1038/jhh.2013.44. Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490.

    Literature Review: Treatment of Hypertension

    Hypertension

    Hypertension, also known as high blood disease pressure is a serious condition that ultimately results in damaging of blood vessels leaving an individual prone to heart attack, stroke, and other conditions. Various factors increase the likelihood of developing the disease they include obesity, consumption of a lot of salt, diabetes, smoking, and alcohol intake. Globally, hypertension results in the death of millions of people, but with the right administration, the mortality rates can be reduced. Treatment of hypertension is diverse including lifestyle changes and treatment through drug therapy. Lifestyle approach in the treatment of hypertension involves intake of healthy diets, quitting smoking, physical exercise, and reducing alcohol intake. Considering the complexities that surround the treatment and management of hypertension, this paper seeks to demonstrate that it is crucial to incorporate lifestyle modifications alongside medical treatments in the management of high blood pressure. Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490.

    Background of the Problem

    Hypertension is a worldwide health issue that afflicts many individuals. The causative factors for the condition can be genetic or acquired through poor lifestyle habits. The disease may also present as a co-morbidity to other illnesses such as diabetes and kidney disease or hypertension may lead to the onset of these diseases. Hence, the problem prevails in a vicious cycle pattern making treatment goals difficult to achieve (Wang, Ning, Yang, Lu, Tu, Jin & … Su, 2014). In addition, the advancement of the food processing industry has immensely contributed to the development of hypertension because of the relatively higher amounts of salts and other harmful food additives in the diets. If left unmanaged, hypertension can lead to the development of co-morbidities such as heart disease, diabetes, and stroke. Blood pressure involves exertion of force on the walls of the blood vessels, with the amount of force exerted dependent on the levels of resistance from the blood vessels and the amount of work done by the heart.

    Problem Statement

    Estimates issued by the World Health Organization indicate that in the United States alone, over 85 million people are suffering from hypertension. In the low and middle-income countries in the world, urbanization has steadily caused an upsurge in the number diagnosed cases of hypertension due to changes in lifestyle habits. Globally, increased blood pressure has been found to cause over 7 million deaths, a figure which accounts for over 12% of the total world deaths. Overall, both men and women develop high blood pressure, although the prevalence rates are higher for men than for women. Therefore, hypertension is a public health concern that has been found to cause the development of cardiovascular disease and stroke (Khdour, Hallak, Shaeen, Jarab & Shahed 2013).

    A lot of research work has been carried out with the intention of deciphering the etiology of the disease and the best treatment approaches to the problem of hypertension. Although the research efforts have centered on the medical perspectives of treatment, exploration of the role of lifestyle modification as a preventive measure for hypertension needs to be carried out (Khdour, Hallak, Shaeen, Jarab & Shahed 2013). Furthermore, lack of adequate awareness about hypertension on the part of the patient substantially influences the onset of hypertension, and the delayed seeking of treatment for the condition. Also, because of an increase in population and the sharp increase of the geriatric demographic age group, the number of people living with unmanaged hypertension in the world has been on the increase; hence this paper advocates for the use of lifestyle modifications in the management of hypertension among adult males. Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490.
     

    Purpose of the Change Proposal

    Considering the complexities that surround the treatment and management of hypertension, this paper seeks to demonstrate it is crucial to incorporate lifestyle modifications alongside medical treatments in the management of high blood pressure. This is because ideally, lifestyle changes should be considered not only as preventive measures but also as first line treatment options. These adjustments include dietary changes such as consumption of low sodium, high glycemic index foods, and daily intake of 3-5 servings of fruits and vegetables. Physicians and nurses recommend that pre-hypertensive or hypertensive patients engage in physical exercise which includes half an hour of low to moderate intensity aerobic exercise such as swimming, jogging walking or cycling (Nwankwo, Yoon, Burt, & Gu, 2013). In addition, utilizing stress reduction measures significantly assists with blood pressure control. These measures include avoidance of cigarette smoking and alcohol and consumption of unhealthy diets.

    PICOT Statement

    To address the problem of hypertension, the following PICOT question was developed: For male grown-ups between the ages of 40 and 70 with hypertension, and with various co-morbidities, will the adjustment in way of life (drawing in routinely in exercise and eating more beneficial and adjusted suppers), contrasted with patients who utilize prescription to treat/deal with their hypertension, help to control their pulse and diminish the danger of creating cardiovascular illnesses in their recuperation period inside a half year? The period will be sufficiently long to make a patient to be capable not to experience the ill effects of hypertension and to likewise lessen the dangers that the people will ordinarily go through. Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490

     
    Literature Search Strategy Employed

    For the search of literature review, the Ebscohost data base search was used. Key words used in the search were hypertension, high blood pressure, and hypertension among males. A total of 25 articles related to hypertension were found and another 13 articles discussing high blood pressure and other morbidities were found. Further, no articles related to the topic of hypertension among males were found in the data base. Of the 38 articles found, those that failed to meet search criteria of hypertension and high blood pressure and lifestyle adjustments were eliminated. A total of three articles were left for the literature review.

    Literature Review

    As discussed earlier, the problem of hypertension has a high prevalence in the United States and the world. Wang et al. (2013) assert that high blood pressure is the single most significant risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease.  The authors further state that low awareness lack of treatment and management leads to an increase in the number of deaths and complications from hypertension. Risk factors such as high body mass index lack of physical exercise and consumption of unhealthy diets cause further problems into an already complex issue.

    A National Health and Nutrition Survey reveals that early diagnosis and treatment ensures the prevention of complications of hypertension for instance damage of the arteries and blindness (Nwankwo, Yoon, Burt, & Gu, 2013). However, research by suggests that hypertensive patients may fail to develop signs or symptoms in which case treatment is sought for the eventual complications such as blindness. Lifestyle changes in combination with medication may lower high blood pressure and lead to an improved quality of life for the patient. However, lifestyle modifications alone have been found effective as a first line option treatment for hypertension. These changes include the incorporation 30 minutes of physical activity into the patient’s daily routine.

    Ideally the goal of physical exercise is to assist the patient with weight loss and a reduction of the BMI (Khdour et al., 2013). Dietary adjustments entail intake of low sodium diets, intake of high fiber diets, which includes fruits and vegetables, and consumption of low-fat dairy products. Lifestyle modifications also constitute the avoidance of stress and its causative factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption. Dietary changes may involve the nurse or the nutritionist assist the patient develop a feeding plan which is known as dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet.

    Applicable Change Model

    For patients suffering from hypertension and other chronic diseases, the Chronic Care Model is an effective organizational strategy to caring for hypertensive patients. I this scenario, the model is applicable because it utilizes evidence based research and creates interactions between an educated patient and a proactive team of health care professionals. Moreover, the system is practical and offers support for the patient in management of hypertension (Davy, Bleasel, Liu, Tchan, Ponniah, & Brown, (2015). Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490.

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    Implementation Plan

    Following the six components of the Chronic Care Model, the implementation plan will aim to decrease high blood pressure, manage weight, support self-management and decision making that will impact on the overall well-being of the patient. Self-management is critical because it indicates that the patient is in charge of their own health care situation. Applicable changes will be filtered through the components of the Chronic Care Model and tested against evidence-based research to ascertain that they are effective at achieving the goals of blood pressure reduction and weight reduction (Davy, Bleasel, Liu, Tchan, Ponniah, & Brown, (2015).

    Potential Barriers to Implementation

    Potential barriers to the implementation of the plan include patient apathy and non- adherence to the issues such as physical activity and consumption of healthy diets to achieve the treatment goals of lowering blood pressure and weight reduction (Khatib, 2012). Another key barrier from the patient is an attitude of indifference which may result in the patient viewing the plan as inconsequential and non-contributory to the management of their blood pressure.

    Conclusion

    As noted, hypertension is among the leading causes of heart attacks, strokes, and other complications. With the right interventions in place, the condition can be managed and treated; hypertension treatment considers two forms of treatment including the use of anti-hypertensive drugs as well as lifestyle modifications. Anti-hypertensive drugs used include diuretics, angiotensin, converting enzymes blockers, beta blockers among others each of the drugs work differently, but all ultimately result in lowering the blood pressure. Therefore, apart from medication, lifestyle changes are also crucial in management and treatment of the disease especially in reducing cardiovascular risks and lowering the blood pressure. Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490

     

    References

    Davy, C., Bleasel, J., Liu, H., Tchan, M., Ponniah, S., & Brown, A. (2015). Effectiveness of chronic care models: Opportunities for improving healthcare practice and health outcomes: A systematic review. 
    BMC Health Services Research
    , 
    15
    , 194. http://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-015-0854-8

    Khatib, O. M. (2012).
    Clinical guideline for the management of hypertension.
    New York, NY: World Health Organization. Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490

    Khdour, M., Hallak, H., Shaeen, M., Jarab, A., & Shahed, Q. A. (2013). Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in the Palestinian population.
    Journal of Human Hypertension
    , (10), 623. doi:10.1038/jhh.2013.26

    Nwankwo, T., Yoon, S. S., Burt, V., Gu, Q. (2013). Hypertension among adults in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2012.
    NCHS Data Brief
    (133),1-8.

    Wang, J., Ning, X., Yang, L., Lu, H., Tu, J., Jin, W., & … Su, T. (2014). Trends of hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control in rural areas of northern China during 1991-2011.
    Journal of Human Hypertension
    ,
    28
    (1), 25-31. doi:10.1038/jhh.2013.44

    Scholarly Activity Summary Template & Example Assignment NRS-490

  • NUR 699 Evidence – Based Practice Project

    NUR 699 Evidence – Based Practice Project

    GCU NUR699 Wk 1 Dq 1 & Dq 2 latest 

    Dq 2

    What is the difference between research- and evidence-based practice projects? Provide an example of each one and the reason for the difference. Why should nurses be interested in learning about EBP?

    Dq 2

    How would a nurse practitioner and a nurse manager differ with regard to how they use and incorporate EBP in their areas of practice?

    NUR 699 Evidence – Based Practice Project – GCU NUR699 Wk 2 Dq 1 & Dq 2 latest 

    dq 1

    Review the “General Appraisal Overview for All Studies,” available in Appendix B in the textbook. You should save this tool and use it throughout the development of the PICOT question, problem description, and literature review.

    Begin the development of your PICOT question, using the following resources:

    “Appendix A: Template for Asking Clinical Questions,” available in the textbook appendix

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    Text readings

    Formulate your PICOT question and post it to the main forum. Respond to at least four other statements, providing feedback. Review the statements to see if the clinical issue is clearly defined and that all aspects are identified. Also refer to the “PICOT: Components of an Answerable, Searchable Question” table, located in chapter 2 of the text. If one PICOT statement has at least three feedback posts, move to another statement.

    You will be using the feedback to make revisions to your PICOT question before using it in your “Section B: Problem Description” assignment. NUR 699 Evidence – Based Practice Project

    dq 2

    What strategies will you use in your new practice as an advance practice nurse to review and critique literature pertinent to your practice?

    GCU NUR699 Wk 3 Dq 1 & Dq 2 latest 

    dq 1

    What levels of evidence are present in relation to research and practice, and why it is important regardless of the method you use? NUR 699 Evidence – Based Practice Project

    dq 2

    What factors must be assessed when critically appraising quantitative studies (e.g., validity, reliability, and applicability)? Which is the most important? Why?

    GCU NUR699 Wk 4 Dq 1 & Dq 2 latest 

    dq 1

    What are some of the obstacles or barriers to implementing EBP in nursing? Provide a rationale for your answer. Since there are numerous topics on the issue, it is not appropriate to repeat one that has already been mentioned unless providing new information.

    dq 2

    Conducting research projects while ensuring the protection of human subjects is necessary. What are some methods to protect personal rights of someone in one of the groups that is labeled as vulnerable? Justify your rationale. NUR 699 Evidence – Based Practice Project

    GCU NUR699 Wk 5 Dq 1 & Dq 2 latest 

    dq 1

    Why is it important to incorporate a theory or model related to change when implementing practice changes? Does the benefit of incorporating a change model outweigh the time and effort it took to include it? NUR 699 Evidence – Based Practice Project

    dq 2

    Identify barriers to the implementation of evidence-based practice. What are two ways to address this problem?

    GCU NUR699 Wk 6 Dq 1 & Dq 2 latest 

    dq 1

    When reviewing the literature and different types of evidence, there are often gaps in the findings. Are such gaps a help or a hindrance when wanting to create a change?

    dq 2

    What is the difference between statistically significant evidence and clinically significant evidence? How would each of these findings be used to advance an evidenced-based project? NUR 699 Evidence – Based Practice Project

    GCU NUR699 Wk 7 Dq 1 latest 

    Research and EBP projects can be communicated in many ways. Which method do you think is most effective to get to the staff nurse level? To the advance practice nurses? How will you ensure that all appropriate audiences receive your information?

    GCU NUR699 Wk 8 Dq 1 & Dq 2 

    dq 1

    Post your “Evidence-Based Practice Proposal Project Presentation.” Review all of the presentations but provide critical commentary only to five others posted. Address the strengths of the proposal as well as recommendations for improvement. If a post already has five feedback posts then move on to another one. You will be responsible for responding to each peer’s feedback that is posted to your original presentation post.

    dq 2

    There is power in having data to support change. The EBP process is one way of advancing improvements in healthcare. Identify three strategies that you will now incorporate into your practice based on this course. Explain your rationale.

    GCU NUR699 Week 2 Evidence-Based Practice Proposal – Section A: Organizational Culture and Readiness Assessment 

    Details:

    Before making a case for an evidence-based project, it is essential to understand the culture of the organization in order to begin assessing its readiness for EBP implementation.

    1. Complete the “Organizational Culture and Readiness for System-Wide Integration of Evidence-Based Practice Survey,” located in the textbook appendix.

    2. Develop an analysis of 250 words from the results, addressing your organization’s readiness level, possible project barriers and facilitators, as well as how to integrate clinical inquiry. NUR 699 Evidence – Based Practice Project.

    3. Make sure to include the rationale for the survey categories scores that were significantly high and low, incorporating details and/or examples. Also explain how to integrate clinical inquiry into the organization, providing strategies that strengthen the organizations weaker areas.  NUR 699 Evidence – Based Practice Project.

    4. Submit a summary of your results. The actual survey results do not need to be included.

    Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

    This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

    You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

    Upon receiving feedback from the instructor, revise “Section A: Organizational Culture and Readiness Assessment” for your final paper submission. This will be a continuous process throughout the course for each section.

    GCU NUR699 Week 2 Evidence-Based Practice Proposal – Section B: Problem Description

    Details:

    Write a paper of 500-750 words (not including the title page and reference page) on your proposed problem description for your EBP project. The paper should address the following:

    Describe the background of the problem. Tell the story of the issue and why it deserves attention.

    Identify the stakeholders/change agents. Who, or what organizations, are concerned, may benefit from, or are affected by this proposal. List the interested parties, patients, students, agencies, Joint Commission, etc.

    Use the feedback from the Topic 2 main forum post and refine your PICOT question. Make sure that the question fits with your graduate degree specialization. NUR 699 Evidence – Based Practice Project

    State the purpose and project objectives in specific, realistic, and measurable terms. The objective should address what is to be gained. This is a restatement of the question, providing focus. Measurements need to be taken before and after the evidence-based practice is introduced to identify the expected changes.

    5) Provide supportive rationale that the problem or issue is an important one for nursing to resolve using relevant professional literature sources.

    Develop an initial reference list to assure that there is adequate literature to support your evidence-based practice project. Follow the “Steps to an Efficient Search to Answer a Clinical Question” box in chapter 3 of the textbook. Use “NUR-699 Search Method Example” to assist you.

    7) The majority of references should be research articles. However, national sources such as Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Department of Health and Human Resources (HHS), or the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and others may be used when you are gathering statistics to provide the rationale for the problem.

    Once you get into the literature, you may find there is very little research to support your topic and you will have to start all over again. Remember, in order for this to be an evidence-based project, you must have enough evidence to introduce this as a practice change. If you find that you do not have enough supporting evidence to change a practice, then further research would need to be conducted. NUR 699 Evidence – Based Practice Project

    Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

    This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

    You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

    Upon receiving feedback from the instructor, refine “Section B: Problem Description” for your final submission. This will be a continuous process throughout the course for each section.

    Search Method Example

    Search Method

    A comprehensive electronic search was completed using the following databases:

    Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. NUR 699 Evidence – Based Practice Project

    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

    National Guideline Clearinghouse

    CINAHL

    Ovid

    Medline

    The search included English-only published articles between 1990 and 2005.

    Key words used in the search were:

    Pediatric asthma education

    Self-management

    Self-monitoring

    Grade school children

    Systematic reviews

    Randomized controlled trials

    Search results revealed 75 publications. The abstracts were screened and 10 studies were relevant to pediatric asthma education involving self-management, self-monitoring behaviors, self-efficacy, and educational programs with various interventions. These studies included three systematic reviews, five randomized control trials (RCT), one cohort descriptive study, and one qualitative study. Refer to Appendix A for a complete reference list.

    GCU NUR699 Week 3 Evidence-Based Practice Proposal – Section C: Literature Support

    Details:

    To begin, work through the reference list that was created in the “Section B: Problem Description” assignment in Topic 2. Appraise each resource using the “Rapid Critical Appraisal Checklists,” available in the textbook appendix. The specific checklist you use will be determined by the type of evidence within the resource.

    Develop a research table to organize and summarize the research studies. Using a summary table allows you to be more concise in your narrative description. Only research studies used to support your intervention are summarized in this table. Refer to the “Evaluation Table Template,” available in the textbook appendix. Use the “Evaluation Table Template” as an adaptable template. NUR 699 Evidence – Based Practice Project

    Write a narrative of 750-1,000 words (not including the title page and references) that presents the research support for the projects problem and proposed solution. Make sure to do the following:

    Include a description of the search method (e.g., databases, keywords, criteria for inclusion and exclusion, and number of studies that fit your criteria).

    Summarize all of the research studies used as evidence. The essential components of each study need to be described so that readers can evaluate its scientific merit, including study strengths and limitations.

    Incorporate a description of the validity of the internal and external research.

    It is essential to make sure that the research support for the proposed solution is sufficient, compelling, relevant, and from peer-reviewed professional journal articles.

    Although you will not be submitting the checklist information or the evaluation table you design in Topic 3 with the narrative, the checklist information and evaluation table should be placed in the appendices for the final paper.

    Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

    This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

    You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

    Upon receiving feedback from the instructor, refine “Section C: Literature Support” for your final submission. This will be a continuous process throughout the course for each section.

    GCU NUR699 Week 4 Evidence-Based Practice Proposal – Section D: Solution Description

    Details:

    Write a paper of 500-750 words (not including the title page and reference page) paper for your proposed evidence-based practice project solution. Address the following criteria:

    1. Proposed Solution: (a) Describe the proposed solution (or intervention) for the problem and the way(s) in which it is consistent with current evidence. Heavily reference and provide substantial evidence for your solution or intervention. (b) Consider if the intervention may be unrealistic in your setting, too costly, or there is a lack of appropriate training available to deliver the intervention. If the intervention is unrealistic, you may need to go back and make changes to your PICOT before continuing.

    2. Organization Culture: Explain the way(s) in which the proposed solution is consistent with the organization or community culture and resources.

    3. Expected Outcomes: Explain the expected outcomes of the project. The outcomes should flow from the PICOT. NUR 699 Evidence – Based Practice Project

    4. Method to Achieve Outcomes: Develop an outline of how the outcomes will be achieved. List any specific barriers that will need to be assessed and eliminated. Make sure to mention any assumptions or limitations which may need to be addressed.

    5. Outcome Impact: Describe the impact the outcomes will have on one or all of the following indicators: quality care improvement, patient-centered quality care, efficiency of processes, environmental changes, and/or professional expertise.

    Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

    This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

    You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

    Upon receiving feedback from the instructor, refine “Section D: Solution Description” for your final submission. This will be a continuous process throughout the course for each section.

    GCU NUR699 Week 5 Evidence-Based Practice Proposal – Section E: Change Model

    Details:

    In 500-750 words (not including the title page and reference page), apply a change model to the implementation plan. Include the following:

    1. Roger’s diffusion of innovation theory is a particularly good theoretical framework to apply to an EBP project. However, students may also choose to use change models, such as Duck’s change curve model or the transtheoretical model of behavioral change. Other conceptual models presented such as a utilization model (Stetler’s model) and EBP models (the Iowa model and ARCC model) can also be used as a framework for applying your evidence-based intervention in clinical practice.

    2. Apply one of the above models and carry your implementation through each of the stages, phases, or steps identified in the chosen model.

    3. In addition, create a conceptual model of the project. Although you will not be submitting the conceptual model you design in Topic 5 with the narrative, the conceptual model should be placed in the appendices for the final paper.

    Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

    This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

    You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

    Upon receiving feedback from the instructor, refine “Section E: Change Model” for your final submission. This will be a continuous process throughout the course for each section.

    GCU NUR699 Week 5 Evidence-Based Practice Proposal – Section F: Implementation Plan

    Details:

    In 500-750 words (not including the title page and reference page), provide a description of the methods to be used to implement the proposed solution. Include the following:

    1. Describe the setting and access to potential subjects. If there is a need for a consent or approval form, then one must be created. Although you will not be submitting the consent or approval form(s) in Topic 5 with the narrative, the consent or approval form(s) should be placed in the appendices for the final paper.

    2. Describe the amount of time needed to complete this project. Create a timeline. Make sure the timeline is general enough that it can be implemented at any date. Although you will not be submitting the timeline in Topic 5 with the narrative, the timeline should be placed in the appendices for the final paper.

    3. Describe the resources (human, fiscal, and other) or changes needed in the implementation of the solution. Consider the clinical tools or process changes that would need to take place. Provide a resource list. Although you will not be submitting the resource list in Topic 5 with the narrative, the resource list should be placed in the appendices for the final paper.

    4. Describe the methods and instruments, such as a questionnaire, scale, or test to be used for monitoring the implementation of the proposed solution. Develop the instruments. Although you will not be submitting the individual instruments in Topic 5 with the narrative, the instruments should be placed in the appendices for the final paper.

    5. Explain the process for delivering the (intervention) solution and indicate if any training will be needed.

    6. Provide an outline of the data collection plan. Describe how data management will be maintained and by whom. Furthermore, provide an explanation of how the data analysis and interpretation process will be conducted. Develop the data collection tools that will be needed. Although you will not be submitting the data collection tools in Topic 5 with the narrative, the data collection tools should be placed in the appendices for the final paper. NUR 699 Evidence – Based Practice Project.

    7. Describe the strategies to deal with the management of any barriers, facilitators, and challenges.

    8. Establish the feasibility of the implementation plan. Address the costs for personnel, consumable supplies, equipment (if not provided by the institute), computer related costs (librarian consultation, database access, etc.), and other costs (travel, presentation development). Make sure to provide a brief rationale for each. Develop a budget plan. Although you will not be submitting the budget plan in Topic 5 with the narrative, the budget plan should be placed in the appendices for the final paper.

    9. Describe the plans to maintain, extend, revise, and discontinue a proposed solution after implementation.

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    Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

    This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

    You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

    Upon receiving feedback from the instructor, refine “Section F: Implementation Plan” for your final submission. This will be a continuous process throughout the course for each section.

    GCU NUR699 Week 6 Evidence-Based Practice Proposal: Section G: Evaluation of Process

    Details:

    In 500-750 words (not including the title page and reference page), develop an evaluation plan to be included in your final evidence-based practice project. Provide the following criteria in the evaluation, making sure it is comprehensive and concise:

    1. Describe the rationale for the methods used in collecting the outcome data.

    2. Describe the ways in which the outcome measures evaluate the extent to which the project objectives are achieved.

    3. Describe how the outcomes will be measured and evaluated based on the evidence. Address validity, reliability, and applicability.

    4. Describe strategies to take if outcomes do not provide positive results.

    5. Describe implications for practice and future research.

    Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

    This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

    You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

    Upon receiving feedback from the instructor, refine “Section G: Evaluation” for your final submission. This will be a continuous process throughout the course for each section.

    GCU NUR699 Week 7 Evidence-Based Practice Presentation

    Details:

    Develop a presentation no longer than 10-12 minutes with comprehensive speaker’s notes that covers all of the major areas of your proposal.

    Refer to the “Example of a Slide Show for a 20-Minute Paper Presentation,” located within the textbook appendix. NUR 699 Evidence – Based Practice Project.

    You will need to post your Evidence-Based Practice Presentation to the main forum in Topic 8 as directed by the instructor for class discussion and peer feedback.

    While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

    This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

    You are not required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. NUR 699 Evidence – Based Practice Project

    GCU NUR699 Week 7 Benchmark – Evidence-Based Practice Proposal Final Paper

    Details:

    Throughout this course you will be developing a formal, evidence-based practice proposal.

    The proposal is the plan for an evidence-based practice project designed to address a problem, issue, or concern in the professional work setting. Although several types of evidence can be used to support a proposed solution, a sufficient and compelling base of support from valid research studies is required as the major component of that evidence. Proposals are submitted in a format suitable for obtaining formal approval in the work setting. Proposals will vary in length depending upon the problem or issue addressed; they can be between 3,500 and 5,000 words. The cover sheet, abstract, references page, and appendices are not included in the word limit.

    Section headings and letters for each section component are required. Responses are addressed in narrative form in relation to that number. Evaluation of the proposal in all sections is based upon the extent to which the depth of content reflects graduate-level critical-thinking skills. NUR 699 Evidence – Based Practice Project.

    This project contains seven formal sections:

    1. Section A: Organizational Culture and Readiness Assessment

    2. Section B: Problem Description

    3. Section C: Literature Support

    4. Section D: Solution Description

    5. Section E: Change Model

    6. Section F: Implementation Plan

    7. Section G: Evaluation of Process

    Each section (A-G) will be submitted as separate assignments so your instructor can provide feedback (refer to applicable modules for further descriptions of each section).

    The final paper will consist of the completed project (with revisions to all sections), title page, abstract, reference list, and appendices. Appendices will include a conceptual model for the project, handouts, data and evaluation collection tools, a budget, a timeline, resource lists, and approval forms.

    Use the “NUR-699 EBP Implementation Plan Guide” and “NUR-699 Evidence-Based Practice Project Student Example” to assist you. Also refer to “NUR-699 Evidence-Based Practice Project Proposal Format.”

    Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is required.

    This assignment uses a rubric. NUR 699 Evidence – Based Practice Project.

  • NRS-490 Literature Review: Treatment of Hypertension

    NRS-490 Literature Review: Treatment of Hypertension

    Introduction

    Hypertension, also known as high blood disease pressure is a serious condition that ultimately results in damaging of blood vessels leaving an individual prone to heart attack, stroke, and other conditions. Various factors increase the likelihood of developing the disease they include obesity, consumption of a lot of salt, diabetes, smoking, alcohol intake among others. Globally, hypertension results in the death of millions of people, but with the right administration, the mortality rates can be reduced. Treatment of hypertension is diverse including lifestyle changes and treatment through drug therapy. Medication entails various drugs ranging from thiazide diuretics, Beta blockers, Angotenism- Converting enzymes (ACE), Calcium Channel Blockers among others. Lifestyle approach in the treatment of hypertension involves intake of healthy diets, quitting smoking, physical exercise, reducing alcohol intake, among others (Khatib, 2012). NRS-490 Literature Review: Treatment of Hypertension.

    A Comparison of the Research Questions

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    Comparison falls into either a patient with hypertension using drugs to treat the hypertension or a lifestyle approach. Lifestyle modification is a crucial long-term step in the management of hypertension even in the presence of drug therapy and may reduce or even reduce the need for anti-hypertensive drugs. Also, lifestyle changes in the management of high blood pressure can be essential in treating other chronic illness. Lifestyle changes include eating dietary approaches which involve developing a healthy pattern as well as reducing salt intake. Furthermore, quitting smoking assists in reducing cardiovascular risks while reduced alcohol consumption results to lower systolic blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Physical exercise is critical in lowering systolic blood pressure (Huang, Duggan, & Harman, 2006). In contrast, patients can use drug therapy in the treatment of hypertension and help avoid cardiovascular within half a year. Diuretics are the most utilized drugs in the treatment of hypertension; the original anti-hypertensive drugs are vital in lowering the blood pressure and increasing the effectiveness of other antihypertensive agents. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers, Beta Blockers are also used in the treatment of diabetes (Williams, Lawerence, Fanorow, & Go, 2010). NRS-490 Literature Review: Treatment of Hypertension.

    A comparison of sample populations

    The sample population entails male grown-ups between the ages of 40-70 years who can either undertake drug therapy or lifestyle management of hypertension. Patients who undergo drug treatment have a low chance of suffering from cardiovascular risks compared to men who are not untreated. Use of antihypertensive drugs is crucial in treating level 2 and 3 of hypertension. Randomized clinical trials carried out on men have helps reduce the chance of stroke and coronary risks. Also, the use of evidence-based technology has also been vital in reducing the level of SBP and DBP making it possible to initiate medication. However, treatment of people within the age of 40-55 years differs with that of men between the ages of 55-70 years. In contrast, men who undertake lifestyle changes as a treatment method for hypertension have to put in place long-term strategies to ensure they adequately address the disease (Williams, Lawerence, Fanorow, & Go, 2010). Lifestyle changes might not be an effective method of treatment especially in serious condition and may require the incorporation of two or more anti-hypertensive drugs. Men between the ages of 40-50 year are suitable for this method, as most have the energy to take up regular physical exercises which are vital in the addressing the disease. Lifestyle changes for men involve changing eating habits, quitting smoking, reduced alcohol intake, sodium restriction among others (Huang, Duggan, & Harman, 2006). NRS-490 Literature Review: Treatment of Hypertension.

    A comparison of limitation of study

    The research on the effectiveness of both the use of drug therapy and lifestyle modification in the treatment of hypertension has limitations. One, Drug therapy entails the use of various drugs which make it difficult to determine the effectiveness of each medication used in the treatment of the disease. Also, the presence of other existing ailments in some of the patients makes it hard to determine the effectiveness of most anti-hypertensive in the treatment of hypertension since most are also administered to treat the conditions as well. The outcomes of lifestyle changes in the treatment and management of hypertension are impossible to measure as they are long no tangible methods to indicate proof of the changes. Lastly, on some occasions, patients have to be administered with anti-hypertensive which makes it difficult to determine the effectiveness of lifestyle changes as the treatment method for hypertension. NRS-490 Literature Review: Treatment of Hypertension.

    Conclusion

    Hypertension is among the leading causes of heart attacks, strokes, and other complications. With the right interventions in place, the disease can be managed and treated; hypertension treatment takes into account two forms of treatment including the use of anti-hypertensive drugs as well as lifestyle modifications. Anti-hypertensive drugs used include diuretics, angiotensin, converting enzymes blockers, beta blockers among others each of the drugs work differently, but all ultimately result in lowering the blood pressure. Lifestyle changes are also crucial in management and treatment of the disease especially in reducing cardiovascular risks and lowering the blood pressure. I recommend the research to utilize different studies and findings from other research carried out in the past to elaborate the differences and effectiveness of the methods in the treatment of high blood pressure. NRS-490 Literature Review: Treatment of Hypertension.

     

    References

    Huang, N., Duggan, K., & Harman, J. (2006). Lifestyle Management of Hypertension.
    Australian Prescriber
    , 150-156. NRS-490 Literature Review: Treatment of Hypertension.

    Khatib, O. M. (2012).
    Clinical Guideline for the Management of Hypertension.
    New York: World Health Organization.

    Williams, K. A., Lawerence, W., Fanorow, G. C., & Go, A. S. (2010). An Effective Approach to High Blood Pressure Control.
    American Heart Association
    , 885-894. NRS-490 Literature Review: Treatment of Hypertension.

  • NUR 508 (Ethics, Policy, and Finance in the Health Care System) Essay Assignment Papers

    NUR 508 (Ethics, Policy, and Finance in the Health Care System) Essay Assignment Papers

    NUR 508 Week 1 Discussion DQ 1 & DQ 2 

    DQ 1

    What were the major causes of U.S. mortality in the last 100 years, and what public health measures most contributed to improvements in the health of the nation? Include at least two source citations from the readings and/or additional sources to support your answer. NUR 508 (Ethics, Policy, and Finance in the Health Care System) Essay Assignment Papers.

    DQ 2

    What are the major causes of disease and death in the 21st century (e.g., chronic illnesses, communicable diseases, etc.) that continue to affect U.S. citizens in spite of the achievements in public health in the past century? What have been some of the strategies implemented to combat these illnesses on the local and national levels? Have they been successful? Include reference citations where appropriate.

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     NUR 508 Week 2 Discussion DQ 1 & DQ 2 

    Select one of the United Nations’ (U.N.) Millennial Development Goals (MDGs). Visit the website and report on the UN’s progress in achieving this goal? How will meeting this goal positively impact the health of the world? What suggestions would you make to help the UN achieve this goal? NUR 508 (Ethics, Policy, and Finance in the Health Care System) Essay Assignment Papers

    Select a global health issue from the World Health Organization (WHO) list of health topics available at
    http://www.who.int/topics/en/
    How has globalization influenced this issue from a positive or negative perspective?

     NUR 508 Week 3 Discussion DQ 1 & DQ 2 

    DQ 1

    Debate the various social factors associated with the situation of the “underinsured.” Respond to two other classmates’ answers with solid reasoning and support your opinions with appropriate reference citations.

    DQ 2

    Review the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) report “Priority Populations”:

    http://www.ahrq.gov/health-care-information/priority-populations/index.html

    Select one of the “priority populations” and explain the disparities this population faces. What strategies have been implemented to combat these disparities on the local and national levels? Have they been successful? Include reference citations where appropriate. NUR 508 (Ethics, Policy, and Finance in the Health Care System) Essay Assignment Papers.

    NUR 508 Week 4 Discussion DQ 1 & DQ 2 

    DQ 1

    Debate the efficacies of public versus private-based quality initiatives. What roles do each play in the quality of U.S. health care? How would the elimination of one aspect affect the other? Respond to two other classmates and counter their answer, citing references as appropriate.

    DQ 2

    After reading the Kaiser Family Foundation summary on the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, state why or why not you believe the act should remain in law, or which pieces should be reversed. Then describe two pieces of the act that you were unaware was part of the act and how that may affect you as a citizen. NUR 508 (Ethics, Policy, and Finance in the Health Care System) Essay Assignment Papers.

     NUR 508 Week 5 Discussion DQ 1 & DQ 2 

    DQ 1

    What are the eligibility requirements and coverage of Medicaid for the categories of low-income adults, pregnant women, and the aging/blind/disabled in the state where you live? Do you consider the eligibility requirements reasonable or restrictive? Do you consider the coverage reasonable or liberal? What are the benefits and drawbacks to keeping these populations insured through Medicaid? Consider both direct and indirect factors. NUR 508 (Ethics, Policy, and Finance in the Health Care System) Essay Assignment Papers.

    DQ 2

    Review the CMS.gov 30-Day Mortality and Readmission Data website. Review at least two local hospitals and see how they compare to state and national benchmarks. How and why may a consumer or a health care professional use this data to make decision about their next hospitalization? Will reporting this data have an impact on hospitals bottom line in addition to financial penalties from CMS? Give at least two examples of how this data may be used and what type of impact if may have if at all on the hospitals.

    NUR 508 Week 6 Discussion DQ 1 & DQ 2 

    DQ 1

    Debate the question: “Is health care a basic right in the United States?” Answer this question through the lens of your role as RN. Support your response utilizing ethical theories and principles. Respond to two other classmates using respectful communication and solid reasoning. Support your response with appropriate references. NUR 508 (Ethics, Policy, and Finance in the Health Care System) Essay Assignment Papers.

    DQ 2

    Select an ethical dilemma related to health policy from the categories of moral values, professional regulation, health of individuals in society, or distributive justice. What are the controversies surrounding this issue? What are the opposing ethical principles? How has past or current health policy addressed this dilemma? Support your reasoning with reference citations. NUR 508 (Ethics, Policy, and Finance in the Health Care System) Essay Assignment Papers.

    NUR 508 Week 7 Discussion DQ 1 & DQ 2 

    DQ 1

    How do spiritual beliefs impact political ideologies and the policy process? How have they affected the health policy reform process? Using respectful communication, debate your response with two other classmates. Give examples and support your reasoning with appropriate references.

    DQ 2

    What is the role of a religious ethic in public policy today? Should a religious ethic and/or theistic worldview take priority over that of others? How can religious policy decision makers remain true to their personal values while respecting the views of individuals with differing cultural and spiritual beliefs? Respond to two other classmates and cite references as appropriate.

    NUR 508 Week 8 Discussion DQ 1 & DQ 2 

    DQ 1

    Select an advanced professional or advanced practice nursing specialty. How has past and current regulation/legislation affected the role and scope of this nursing role? What, if any, discussions are currently underway relative to the scope and role of this specialty? What resources are available to assist nurses in advocating for these roles? NUR 508 (Ethics, Policy, and Finance in the Health Care System) Essay Assignment Papers

    DQ 2

    Select a professional or specialty nursing association. What impact has this organization had on health care legislation in the past 2 years? Respond to two other classmates and support your answer with appropriate references and specific examples.

    NUR 508  Week 2 Assignment 

    The IOM Future of Nursing report calls for an increase in leadership from nurses at all levels. One way nurses demonstrate their role as a leader, is through public policy change. A leader does not always carry an official title or position, but demonstrates leadership through the work and the stance he/she takes to make a change for the good of others. Nurses have been noted by the Gallop poll year after year as the most trusted professionals.

    This assignment requires thought about a public policy that is needed or needs to be changed that relates to nursing, healthcare, and/or the public. Policy changes can occur by working with members of your legislature, and state or national nurses associations, to introduce a new bill and/or change to a current law in your state or federal government.

    Examples of public policy includes any component of the current legislation governing health care, Medicare part D, Medicaid, nursing regulation, medication technicians, etc
    .

    In 750-1000 words, propose a health policy change (that is currently a bill, a law, or may not exist at all) at the state or federal level that you believe needs to change and why.

    The policy must NOT be a clinical care policy for individual care. The policy involved may include public or community health, legislative or regulatory, professional organization (nursing-oriented), advanced nursing practice, health plan, or hospital plan.

    Include a specific section for the exact wording for the bill or change in wording of the law.

    Include the plan for the implementation of your policy development, to lobbying for passage, to next steps after passage.

    Discuss who would be the champion for the bill/law change from your state advocates (legislators, federal legislators, local or national state nursing organizations). Are these individuals also influential in making changes occur? Did you vote for the individual in office that you want to help you make this change? NUR 508 (Ethics, Policy, and Finance in the Health Care System) Essay Assignment Papers.

    Resources:

    Review different pieces of legislation for ideas on wording.

    Visit your state’s legislative governmental affairs website site to understand the process your policy change could take if you wanted to introduce to into legislation.

    Refer to the Nursing Leadership Health Policy Presentation Rubric.

    Submit the assignment to the instructor by the end of Topic 2.

    Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

    You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

    NUR 508 week 5 Assignment

    In a paper of 500-1,000 words, describe the
    relationship between health care cost and quality
    . Address the following:

    Select one public agency and one private agency and differentiate their roles and major activities in addressing cost and quality in health care. See Topic 4 Readings for sources regarding health care agencies.

    Analyze current and projected initiatives to improve quality while simultaneously controlling costs. Describe any unintended consequences.

    Synthesize implications for staff nurses and advanced practice nurses, including evidence-based practice, relative to cost and quality.

    Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

    This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.

    You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

    Resource 1: CLC Health Issue Analysis Overview. NUR 508 (Ethics, Policy, and Finance in the Health Care System) Essay Assignment Papers

    Group work has benefits and liabilities. EVERYONE assigned to a CLC is expected to equally participate in the work in terms of time and quality of effort. Each participant has strengths and it is reasonable to apportion the work to make best use of this. Some are natural leaders. Our strengths can be our greatest liabilities: No one wants to be bossed around no matter how skilled the boss is. Honest communication is critical to effective group work. The best way to avoid conflict is to set very clear expectations up front. Then, if someone does not do what is expected him/her, he/she can be referred to the original agreement rather than have the confrontation become personal.

    Course instructors are able to observe the group process in the CLC forum. If the work takes place outside the forum, this information will be absent. Be certain (even if communicating via e-mail, phone, or face-to-face) to record the communication in the CLC forum. NUR 508 (Ethics, Policy, and Finance in the Health Care System) Essay Assignment Papers.

    CLC Project Overview

    The purpose of this assignment is to critically analyze a health care issue through the focus of major concepts from each Topic. There are six components to this assignment after the CLC agreement is signed and the topic is identified. It is not expected that every member of the CLC group will contribute to each assignment, but that assignments will be divided fairly and equally among the group. Each of the written components of the CLC project will be 500-1,000 words. These papers should be in APA format with a title and a reference page. An abstract is not required. An introduction is required ONLY for Part 1 and is not required in any parts thereafter. It is the intention that if one were to take the six parts of this assignment and put them together, a comprehensive and cohesive analysis would be produced. Part 1 is worth 3 points and each of the subsequent parts (2-6) are worth 4 points each.

    Topic 1 (10 points)

    Check into the CLC group and provide contact information and describe prior experience, if any, with health policy. Locate and read the 
    CLC Agreement
     provided by the instructor, located within the Additional Resources Folder in Canyon Connect. Choose one member to transfer the document to the CLC forum. Decide upon the process needed to fill out the contract. Everyone should participate. Before filling out the agreement, it may be helpful for each student to describe the most difficult, frustrating, helpful, or beneficial apects of working on a collaborative project. Getting this type of information out in the open ahead of time may help to prevent conflict later on. Since no one is angry yet, you can comfortably list what is likely to make you angry and also what would make you satisfied.

    Complete the 
    CLC Agreement
     (except for the final block, which is used at the end). Select someone to submit the 
    CLC Agreement
     by the end of Topic 1.

    Topic 2 (10 points)

    Initiate a conversation regarding potential topics of interest. This should be a health issue with national and international relevance that will be the basis for your final project. It may be helpful to identify a number of topics of interest and have individual group members do a quick survey of the literature to be sure that there is current information available. Revise the 
    CLC Agreement
     with the choice of the topic identified in the title and re-submit the 
    CLC Agreement
    .
    There is no formal writing requirement for the topic selection. It is merely a brief paragraph declaring your identified topic.

    Topic 3 – Part 1 (50 points)

    Research and outline the history of the health issue. Write a formal paper in APA format (500-1,000 words in length), describing the history of the issue. A title, introduction, and a reference page are required, but an abstract and conclusion are not. Include the following:

    1) Influences such as determinants of health and socioeconomic status.

    2) Past and present initiatives (private and public) to address the issue.

    3) Outcomes that have been developed and utilized to measure progress on the issue.

    4) The current status of the health issue based on measured outcomes.

    Topic 4 – Part 2 (60 points)

    Describe the national and international implications of the health issue. Write a formal paper (500-1,000 words in length), using APA format. Include a title page and a reference page. An abstract, introduction, and conclusion are not required. Include the following:

    1) Scope and depth of the problem.

    2) Countries that are faring better or worse than others.

    3) How the U.S. ranks on this issue in relation to other countries.

    4) Efforts of the World Health Organization and other agencies on this issue.

    5) Existing disparities (include race, age, and gender, as appropriate) in relation to the issue – describe the populations that have emerged as being disadvantaged and why. NUR 508 (Ethics, Policy, and Finance in the Health Care System) Essay Assignment Papers

    Topic 5 – Part 3 (60 points)

    Write a formal paper (500-1,000 words in length), using APA format. Include a title and a reference page. An abstract, introduction, and conclusion are not required. Include a title page and a reference page, and the following:

    1) Discuss past and present funding for initiatives that address the health issue. Include both public and private sources.

    2) Analyze past and present quality initiatives that address the health issue. Include both public and private sources.

    3) Differentiate how being insured versus uninsured impacts health outcomes relative to this issue;

    4) Compare health outcomes for the issue between the U.S. and a country with universal health coverage.

    Topic 6 – Part 4 (60 points)

    Write a formal paper (500-1,000 words in length), using APA format. A title page and a reference page are required, but an abstract, introduction, and conclusion are not. Include the following:

    1) Examine the previously addressed aspects of health policies, finance, global/national prevention, and/or treatment initiatives related to the health issue by identifying applicable ethics principles.

    2) Differentiate how application of the identified ethics principles to the health issue has resulted in population disparities.

    3) Hypothesize how existing disparities might be eliminated using alternate ethics principles.

    4) Critique whether the applicable ethics principles are consistent with the ANA’s 
    Code of Ethics for Nurses
    .

    Topic 7 – Part 5 (60 points)

    Write a formal paper (500-1,000 words in length), using APA format. A title page and a reference page are required, but an abstract, introduction, and conclusion are not. Include the following:

    1) Discuss cultural beliefs and influences relative to the health issue.

    2) Differentiate any religious/spiritual beliefs and values relative to the issue.

    3) Appraise how religious/spiritual beliefs and values have influenced progress in addressing the issue – either negatively or positively.

    4) Compare differences in ideologies related to the issue across political party lines, geographic regions, and countries of the world.

    Topic 8 – Part 6 (60 points)

    Write a formal paper (500-1,000 words in length), using APA format. A title page, conclusion, and a reference page are required, but an abstract and introduction are not. Include the following:

    1) Assess the past and present impact nurses, including advanced professional/ advanced practice nurses, have made in addressing this health issue. NUR 508 (Ethics, Policy, and Finance in the Health Care System) Essay Assignment Papers

    2) Describe how nurses can become more broadly involved with influencing health policy related to this issue. Include available resources. NUR 508 (Ethics, Policy, and Finance in the Health Care System) Essay Assignment Papers.

    3) Hypothesize how nurses can positively impact future outcomes related to the provision of care for persons affected by the health issue.

    4) Synthesize all aspects of the health care issue through a summary conclusion, concisely tying up Parts 1-8 of the CLC project. NUR 508 (Ethics, Policy, and Finance in the Health Care System) Essay Assignment Papers.

    This is a CLC assignment.

    Check into your respective Collaborative Learning Community and provide contact information. Describe your prior experience with health policy.

    Read “CLC Health Issue Analysis Overview.”

    Read “CLC Group Project Agreement.”

    Transfer “CLC Group Project Agreement” to your CLC team space, come to a consensus on team responsibilities, and complete one copy of the form.

    APA format is not required, but solid academic writing is expected.

    You are not required to submit this assignment to Turnitin.

    NUR 508 CLC Group Project Agreement

    Grading Criteria

    CLC Course Information

    Course Name/Section Number:

    Instructor’s Name:

    Start Date of the Course:

    CLC Member Contact Information 

    (Who is in our group?)

    CLC Member Name

    Primary E-mail Address

    Secondary E-mail Address

    Other Contact Information

    CLC Group Values]

    (What do we need to do to ensure our team’s success?)

    What Each Team Member Agrees to Do

    Why This Is Important to the Team

    Check into the CLC regularly to review progress on the assignment.

    Contribute ideas and feedback to the group from initial discussions throughout project completion.

    Communicate with all CLC members as soon as a problem or issue arises.

    Maintain respectful communications with all team members.

    Complete assigned tasks by the deadlines set by the CLC members.

    Take a leadership role in CLC assignments.

    Make sure to cite and reference all sources of information used in completing tasks.

    Other:

    Other:

    Project Management Specifics 

    (What needs to be undertaken to complete the CLC project?)

    CLC Group Member’s Name

    Task to be Completed by This Team Member

    (This section will change for each CLC Project.)

    Due Date for Completing the Task for the CLC to Review

    Contributing one or more ideas for how the project should be completed.

    Outlining the CLC project.

    Assigning tasks to CLC members.

    Performing research on assigned topics and writing it up for CLC members to review.

    Making sure everyone meets their assigned deadlines for tasks.

    Proofreading and editing the paper.

    Submitting the paper via the Assignments feature by the due date deadline.

    Other:

    Other:

    CLC Group Interaction Guidelines

    (How can we anticipate and deal with group conflict when it arises?)

    What Could Happen To Impede Our Teamwork?

    What We Will Do if This Happens?

    A CLC member doesn’t provide project ideas or feedback to other team members.

    A CLC member doesn’t complete his/her task at all.

    A CLC member completes his/her task, but turns it in after the agreed-upon due date.

    Other:

    Other:

    CLC Group Review Process

    (What makes a CLC effective?)

    What did Our CLC Do Well This Time?

    (This section will change for each CLC Project.)

    What Can We Do to be a More Effective CLC Next Time?

    (This section will change for each CLC Project.)

    NUR 508 Week 7 Assignment 

    Write a paper of 750-1,000 words examining your personal values and beliefs. Include the following:

    Describe your personal values and spiritual beliefs.

    Using the elements of cost, quality, and social issues to frame your description, differentiate your beliefs and opinions about health care policy. Give examples of relevant ethical principles, supported by your values.

    Analyze how factors such as your upbringing, spiritual or religious beliefs/doctrine, personal and professional experiences, and political ideology affect your current perspective on health care policy.

    Examine any inconsistencies you discovered relative to the alignment of your personal values and beliefs with those concerning health policy. Discuss what insights this has given you.

    Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. NUR 508 (Ethics, Policy, and Finance in the Health Care System) Essay Assignment Papers.

    This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.

    You are required to submit this assignment. NUR 508 (Ethics, Policy, and Finance in the Health Care System) Essay Assignment Papers

  • NRS-490 EBP Capston Project Paper & Practicum: Treatment of Hypertension

    NRS-490 EBP Capstone Project Paper & Practicum: Treatment of Hypertension

    Hypertension

    Hypertension, also known as high blood disease pressure is a serious condition that ultimately results in damaging of blood vessels leaving an individual prone to heart attack, stroke, and other conditions. Various factors increase the likelihood of developing the disease they include obesity, consumption of a lot of salt, diabetes, smoking, and alcohol intake. Globally, hypertension results in the death of millions of people, but with the right administration, the mortality rates can be reduced. Treatment of hypertension is diverse including lifestyle changes and treatment through drug therapy. Lifestyle approach in the treatment of hypertension involves intake of healthy diets, quitting smoking, physical exercise, and reducing alcohol intake. Considering the complexities that surround the treatment and management of hypertension, this paper seeks to demonstrate that it is crucial to incorporate lifestyle modifications alongside medical treatments in the management of high blood pressure. NRS-490 EBP Capstone Project Paper & Practicum: Treatment of Hypertension.

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    Background of the Problem

    Hypertension is a worldwide health issue that afflicts many individuals. The causative factors for the condition can be genetic or acquired through poor lifestyle habits. The disease may also present as a co-morbidity to other illnesses such as diabetes and kidney disease or hypertension may lead to the onset of these diseases. Hence, the problem prevails in a vicious cycle pattern making treatment goals difficult to achieve (Wang, Ning, Yang, Lu, Tu, Jin & … Su, 2014). In addition, the advancement of the food processing industry has immensely contributed to the development of hypertension because of the relatively higher amounts of salts and other harmful food additives in the diets. If left unmanaged, hypertension can lead to the development of co-morbidities such as heart disease, diabetes, and stroke. Blood pressure involves exertion of force on the walls of the blood vessels, with the amount of force exerted dependent on the levels of resistance from the blood vessels and the amount of work done by the heart. NRS-490 EBP Capstone Project Paper & Practicum: Treatment of Hypertension

    Problem Statement

    Estimates issued by the World Health Organization indicate that in the United States alone, over 85 million people are suffering from hypertension. In the low and middle-income countries in the world, urbanization has steadily caused an upsurge in the number diagnosed cases of hypertension due to changes in lifestyle habits. Globally, increased blood pressure has been found to cause over 7 million deaths, a figure which accounts for over 12% of the total world deaths. Overall, both men and women develop high blood pressure, although the prevalence rates are higher for men than for women. Therefore, hypertension is a public health concern that has been found to cause the development of cardiovascular disease and stroke (Khdour, Hallak, Shaeen, Jarab & Shahed 2013). NRS-490 EBP Capstone Project Paper & Practicum: Treatment of Hypertension.

    A lot of research work has been carried out with the intention of deciphering the etiology of the disease and the best treatment approaches to the problem of hypertension. Although the research efforts have centered on the medical perspectives of treatment, exploration of the role of lifestyle modification as a preventive measure for hypertension needs to be carried out (Khdour, Hallak, Shaeen, Jarab & Shahed 2013). Furthermore, lack of adequate awareness about hypertension on the part of the patient substantially influences the onset of hypertension, and the delayed seeking of treatment for the condition. Also, because of an increase in population and the sharp increase of the geriatric demographic age group, the number of people living with unmanaged hypertension in the world has been on the increase; hence this paper advocates for the use of lifestyle modifications in the management of hypertension among adult males. NRS-490 EBP Capstone Project Paper & Practicum: Treatment of Hypertension.

     
    Purpose of the Change Proposal

    Considering the complexities that surround the treatment and management of hypertension, this paper seeks to demonstrate it is crucial to incorporate lifestyle modifications alongside medical treatments in the management of high blood pressure. This is because ideally, lifestyle changes should be considered not only as preventive measures but also as first line treatment options. These adjustments include dietary changes such as consumption of low sodium, high glycemic index foods, and daily intake of 3-5 servings of fruits and vegetables. Physicians and nurses recommend that pre-hypertensive or hypertensive patients engage in physical exercise which includes half an hour of low to moderate intensity aerobic exercise such as swimming, jogging walking or cycling (Nwankwo, Yoon, Burt, & Gu, 2013). In addition, utilizing stress reduction measures significantly assists with blood pressure control. These measures include avoidance of cigarette smoking and alcohol and consumption of unhealthy diets. NRS-490 EBP Capstone Project Paper & Practicum: Treatment of Hypertension.

    PICOT Statement

    To address the problem of hypertension, the following PICOT question was developed: For male grown-ups between the ages of 40 and 70 with hypertension, and with various co-morbidities, will the adjustment in way of life (drawing in routinely in exercise and eating more beneficial and adjusted suppers), contrasted with patients who utilize prescription to treat/deal with their hypertension, help to control their pulse and diminish the danger of creating cardiovascular illnesses in their recuperation period inside a half year? The period will be sufficiently long to make a patient to be capable not to experience the ill effects of hypertension and to likewise lessen the dangers that the people will ordinarily go through. NRS-490 EBP Capstone Project Paper & Practicum: Treatment of Hypertension.
     

    Literature Search Strategy Employed

    For the search of literature review, the Ebscohost data base search was used. Key words used in the search were hypertension, high blood pressure, and hypertension among males. A total of 25 articles related to hypertension were found and another 13 articles discussing high blood pressure and other morbidities were found. Further, no articles related to the topic of hypertension among males were found in the data base. Of the 38 articles found, those that failed to meet search criteria of hypertension and high blood pressure and lifestyle adjustments were eliminated. A total of three articles were left for the literature review. NRS-490 EBP Capstone Project Paper & Practicum: Treatment of Hypertension.

    Literature Review

    As discussed earlier, the problem of hypertension has a high prevalence in the United States and the world. Wang et al. (2013) assert that high blood pressure is the single most significant risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease.  The authors further state that low awareness lack of treatment and management leads to an increase in the number of deaths and complications from hypertension. Risk factors such as high body mass index lack of physical exercise and consumption of unhealthy diets cause further problems into an already complex issue.

    A National Health and Nutrition Survey reveals that early diagnosis and treatment ensures the prevention of complications of hypertension for instance damage of the arteries and blindness (Nwankwo, Yoon, Burt, & Gu, 2013). However, research by suggests that hypertensive patients may fail to develop signs or symptoms in which case treatment is sought for the eventual complications such as blindness. Lifestyle changes in combination with medication may lower high blood pressure and lead to an improved quality of life for the patient. However, lifestyle modifications alone have been found effective as a first line option treatment for hypertension. These changes include the incorporation 30 minutes of physical activity into the patient’s daily routine. NRS-490 EBP Capstone Project Paper & Practicum: Treatment of Hypertension.

    Ideally the goal of physical exercise is to assist the patient with weight loss and a reduction of the BMI (Khdour et al., 2013). Dietary adjustments entail intake of low sodium diets, intake of high fiber diets, which includes fruits and vegetables, and consumption of low-fat dairy products. Lifestyle modifications also constitute the avoidance of stress and its causative factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption. Dietary changes may involve the nurse or the nutritionist assist the patient develop a feeding plan which is known as dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet.

    Applicable Change Model

    For patients suffering from hypertension and other chronic diseases, the Chronic Care Model is an effective organizational strategy to caring for hypertensive patients. I this scenario, the model is applicable because it utilizes evidence based research and creates interactions between an educated patient and a proactive team of health care professionals. Moreover, the system is practical and offers support for the patient in management of hypertension (Davy, Bleasel, Liu, Tchan, Ponniah, & Brown, (2015). NRS-490 EBP Capstone Project Paper & Practicum: Treatment of Hypertension.

    Implementation Plan

    Following the six components of the Chronic Care Model, the implementation plan will aim to decrease high blood pressure, manage weight, support self-management and decision making that will impact on the overall well-being of the patient. Self-management is critical because it indicates that the patient is in charge of their own health care situation. Applicable changes will be filtered through the components of the Chronic Care Model and tested against evidence-based research to ascertain that they are effective at achieving the goals of blood pressure reduction and weight reduction (Davy, Bleasel, Liu, Tchan, Ponniah, & Brown, (2015).

    Potential Barriers to Implementation

    Potential barriers to the implementation of the plan include patient apathy and non- adherence to the issues such as physical activity and consumption of healthy diets to achieve the treatment goals of lowering blood pressure and weight reduction (Khatib, 2012). Another key barrier from the patient is an attitude of indifference which may result in the patient viewing the plan as inconsequential and non-contributory to the management of their blood pressure.

    Conclusion

    As noted, hypertension is among the leading causes of heart attacks, strokes, and other complications. With the right interventions in place, the condition can be managed and treated; hypertension treatment considers two forms of treatment including the use of anti-hypertensive drugs as well as lifestyle modifications. Anti-hypertensive drugs used include diuretics, angiotensin, converting enzymes blockers, beta blockers among others each of the drugs work differently, but all ultimately result in lowering the blood pressure. Therefore, apart from medication, lifestyle changes are also crucial in management and treatment of the disease especially in reducing cardiovascular risks and lowering the blood pressure. NRS-490 EBP Capstone Project Paper & Practicum: Treatment of Hypertension.

     

     

    References

    Davy, C., Bleasel, J., Liu, H., Tchan, M., Ponniah, S., & Brown, A. (2015). Effectiveness of chronic care models: Opportunities for improving healthcare practice and health outcomes: A systematic review. 
    BMC Health Services Research
    , 
    15
    , 194. http://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-015-0854-8

    Khatib, O. M. (2012).
    Clinical guideline for the management of hypertension.
    New York, NY: World Health Organization. NRS-490 EBP Capstone Project Paper & Practicum: Treatment of Hypertension.

    Khdour, M., Hallak, H., Shaeen, M., Jarab, A., & Shahed, Q. A. (2013). Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in the Palestinian population.
    Journal of Human Hypertension
    , (10), 623. doi:10.1038/jhh.2013.26

    Nwankwo, T., Yoon, S. S., Burt, V., Gu, Q. (2013). Hypertension among adults in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2012.
    NCHS Data Brief
    (133),1-8.

    Wang, J., Ning, X., Yang, L., Lu, H., Tu, J., Jin, W., & … Su, T. (2014). Trends of hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control in rural areas of northern China during 1991-2011.
    Journal of Human Hypertension
    ,
    28
    (1), 25-31. doi:10.1038/jhh.2013.44. NRS-490 EBP Capstone Project Paper & Practicum: Treatment of Hypertension.

  • AACN & BSN Essentials I-IX Essay Paper

    AACN & BSN Essentials I-IX Essay Paper

    Discuss how your current practice may change in the future as a result of your understanding of one particular Essential. (You may choose the Essential you wish to reflect on.) (Essentials I-IX)

    Discussion Rubric

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    The initial post will be regarding the topic of the week and will be a minimum of 250 words. Make sure you provide appropriate references and utilize APA style.

    I need at least 2 references for that. AACN & BSN Essentials I-IX Essay Paper

  • NRS-490 PICOT Statement Paper: Problem of Hypertension

    NRS-490 PICOT Statement Paper: Problem of Hypertension

    Practice Problem/Issue and PICOT Question

    Hypertension adds to the passing of many individuals all through the world, yet there is as yet poor administration of the condition. Setting up compelling control measures could essentially control the quantity of passings around the world. To control and administration hypertension successfully, it is imperative to recognize and deal with the way of life hazard factors related with the condition as that brings down circulatory strain. What’s more, it is crucial to perform standard screening, discussing adequately with patients, checking patients all the time, and holding fast to treatment. Specifically, it is conceivable to avert and control the condition viably through way of life changes (slim down and frequently captivating in work out) as these serves to altogether direct pulse (Dua et al,2014). Evidenced based solution for patients with hypertension is to lower DBP and SBP below levels in which medication will be started. There should be an alternative drug from a different class to take care of a patient.

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    PICOT Question

    For male grown-ups between the ages of 40 and 70 with hypertension, and with various co-morbidities, will the adjustment in way of life (drawing in routinely in exercise and eating more beneficial and adjusted suppers), contrasted with patients who utilize prescription to treat/deal with their hypertension, help to control their pulse and diminish the danger of creating cardiovascular illnesses in their recuperation period inside a half year. The period will be sufficiently long to make a patient to be capable not to experience the ill effects of hypertension and to likewise lessen the dangers that the people will ordinarily go through(Howes,2013). NRS-490 PICOT Statement Paper: Problem of Hypertension.

    Intervention

    The primary technique for intercession for a patient with hypertension it is with no uncertainty to put them under prescription, so they can get cured. That is the most secure path as it will influence the patient to have the capacity to deal with themselves as far as how they to think, what they eat and even the exercises that they attempt to participate in (Dua et al,2014). The age of the patients will likewise imply that the patients are given solution that can manage them in the most helpful ways and which they can acknowledge all in all. The medication that can be given for this situation is one that can decrease the cruelty of a medication. The nursing intervention for patients with hypertension is assessing the headache pains that a patient is experiencing and checking the blurred vision in every four hours until it goes away. Another nursing intervention is for a nurse to educate a patient on how they consult with their doctor before medication is stopped. NRS-490 PICOT Statement Paper: Problem of Hypertension.

    Comparison

    The fundamental contrasting option to contrast with the mediation will have with do with influencing the patient to get the opportunity to do a considerable measure of activities. That is one thing that will make the licenses to have the capacity to manage the issue of hypertension and since practices have been demonstrated that they work, it will then be simple for the patient to recuperate from the hypertension and what will imply that they will get cured from such an infirmity. Toward the end, all will have ended up being sure as the patient will have the capacity to get the coveted medication(Howes,2013). Patient care to those with hypertension is to first educate, measure the blood pressure and even give advice Education will entail modifying the behavior of a patient which is related to smoking, alcohol intake and how to manage stress. NRS-490 PICOT Statement Paper: Problem of Hypertension.

    Outcome

    In this exploration and managing a patient, it is with most likely that there are things that are being tended to and which are there to have the capacity to manage the way a patient gets the chance to react to pharmaceutical or even exercise. The cerebral pains that are regularly seen in patients with antagonistic hypertension combined with the measure of considerations are the conditions that are to be wiped out in the patients that have hypertension. The numerous unfavorable occasions in the patients will get diminished because of the patients having the capacity to be under pharmaceutical or notwithstanding sharing in practices that are useful for their wellbeing (Dua et al,2014). Healthcare agency for caring for patients with hypertension can be the likes of Intrepid USA Healthcare Services which gives Hypertension Management Program that helps patients get and have a maintained blood pressure that is healthy. Nursing practice for patients with hypertension will be the likes of minimizing the cost of therapy, including a patient in making of decision and even implementation of treatment plans step by step. NRS-490 PICOT Statement Paper: Problem of Hypertension

     

     

    References

    Dua, S., Bhuker, M., Sharma, P., Dhall, M., & Kapoor, S. (2014). Body Mass Index Relates. to Blood Pressure Among Adults. 
    North American Journal of Medical Sciences
    , 
    6
    (2), 89–95. http://doi.org/10.4103/1947-2714.127751

    Howes, F., Warnecke, E., &Nelson, M. (2013). Barriers to lifestyle risk factor assessment and management in hypertension: A qualitative study of Australian general practitioners.
    Journal of Human Hypertension
    ,
    27
    , 474-478 doi:10.1038/jhh.2013.9. NRS-490 PICOT Statement Paper: Problem of Hypertension

  • Communicable & Infectious Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV/AIDS Essay Assignment Papers

    Communicable & Infectious Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV/AIDS Essay Assignment Papers

    Communicable Disease and infectious disease.

    Sexually Transmitted Disease and HIV/AIDS.

    Read chapter20 and 21 of the class textbook and review the attached Power Point Presentations. Also view the attached YouTube video about PrEP/Truvada to prevent HIV.  Once completed answer the following questions;

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    Discuss the school vaccination requirements in your state.  Which vaccines are available that are not required? Why are they not required? How does your state differ from other states? Have there been any recent changes in vaccination requirements? How do students feel about the possibility of including the HPV vaccine as a requirement for school? What are the pros and cons?

    What has led to the increase in MRSA transmission in the community? What are some of the challenges in addressing this problem in the community? How is it often identified and how can it be passed in communities?

    Discuss why there is no “typical” STI patient. Why does the presence of an STI greatly increase the risk of HIV transmission?

    Based on what you saw in the YouTube presentation, do you think that PrEP/Truvada it is effective in preventing HIV/AIDS.

    As stated in the syllabus present your assignment in an APA format word document Arial 12 font attached to the forum in the discussion board tittle “week 5 discussion questions”. Assignment must contianed at least two evidence based references no older than 5 years.  A minimum of 2 replies to any of your peers sustained with the proper references are required. A minimum of 500 words without count the first and references page are required.

    Below you can find the link for the video about PrEP/Truvada

    Communicable & Infectious Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV/AIDS Essay Assignment Papers

    Communicable and Infectious Disease

    Communicable and Infectious Disease

    Communicable Disease

    Early 20th century

    –Typhoid epidemic

    –Influenza

    1930s–1940s

    –Tuberculosis (TB)

    –Penicillin

    1950s

    –Penicillin began to lose effectiveness

    1970s

    –Legionnaires’ disease, Lyme disease, toxic shock, Ebola

    1980s

    –Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

    21st Century

    –TB, influenza, Ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), avian flu, hantavirus

    Transmission of Infectious Agents

    Three modes of transmission

    –Direct, indirect, airborne

    Chain of infection

    –Agent

    –Pathogenicity

    –Virulence

    –Reservoir

    –Colonization

    –Incubation period

    –Period of infectivity

    –Zoonoses

    Transmission of Infectious Agents (cont.)

    Routes of Infection

    –Direct transmission

    Transfer of an infectious agent from one infected host or reservoir to a portal of entry in the new host. Communicable & Infectious Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV/AIDS Essay Assignment Papers

    –Indirect transmission

    Vector-borne transmission

    –Mechanical

    –Biological

    –Fomites

    –Airborne transmission

    Droplet

    Susceptibility Versus Immunity

    Susceptibility

    Immunity

    –Acquired immunity

    –Active humoral immunity

    –Passive immunity

    –Herd immunity

    Communicable Disease Prevention

    Three factors:

    –Removal, elimination, or containment of the cause of infection

    –Disruption and blockage of the chain of disease transmission

    –Protection of the susceptible population from infection and disease. Communicable & Infectious Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV/AIDS Essay Assignment Papers

    Communicable Disease Prevention (cont.)

    Primary prevention

    –Isolation

    –Quarantine

    –Segregation

    –Personal surveillance

    Secondary prevention

    Tertiary prevention

    Control of Diseases

    Vaccine-preventable diseases

    –Diptheria

    –Measles

    –Polio

    –Influenza

    –Pneumonia

    –Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E

    –Varicella

    Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases

    Influenza

    Healthcare-associated infections

    –
    Staphylococcus aureus

    –Methicillin-resistant
    S. aureus
    (MRSA)

    Food-borne diseases

    –Prevention

    Prevention of contamination of food

    Prevention of growth of pathogens

    Prevention of the spread and survival of pathogens

    Food-Borne Diseases

    Result of:

    –Insufficient cooking of food

    –Preparation of food too many hours before it is eaten

    –Use of contaminated raw food

    –Cross-contamination where food is prepared

    –Food preparation by infected persons

    Nurses’ role in prevention:

    –Know what to look for when purchasing food

    –Proper storage of food

    –Good hand-washing, clean utensils and surfaces for food preparation

    –Proper cooking techniques

    –

    Common Food-Borne Diseases

    Campylobacteriosis

    Listeriosis

    Salmonellosis

    Escherichia coli

    Vector-Borne Diseases

    Lyme disease

    Malaria

    West Nile virus

    Zoonoses

    –Hantavirus

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    –Avian influenza

    –Pet diseases

    Cat scratch fever

    –Rabies

    Vector-Borne Diseases (cont.)

    Parasitic diseases

    –Helminths

    Pinworm

    Roundworm

    Hookworm

    –Protozoans

    Giardiasis

    Cryptosporidiosis

    Bioterrorism

    Attacks occur when viruses, bacteria, and other infectious agents are used deliberately to cause illness

    –Category A

    –Category B

    –Category C

    HIV/AIDS

    Can be transmitted from person to person through unprotected sexual contact with blood or blood products, through sharing needles or razors, and from mother to baby during gestation or the birthing process

    Tuberculosis

    One of the leading causes of death worldwide

    Transmitted by droplets

    –Symptoms

    Fatigue

    Weight loss

    Fever

    Chills

    Night sweats

    HIV/TB connection

    Communicable & Infectious Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV/AIDS Essay Assignment Papers

    Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV.AIDS

    Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV/AIDS

    Scope of the Problem

    Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) affect people of all socioeconomic levels, races, ethnicities, genders, ages, and religions. Communicable & Infectious Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV/AIDS Essay Assignment Papers

    In the United States more than 65 million people have an STI.

    Common STIs

    Syphilis

    Chlamydia

    Gonorrhea

    Herpes simplex virus

    Human papillomavirus

    Health Consequences of STIs

    Cancers

    Reproductive health problems

    Health consequences for pregnant women and infants

    Health consequences for men

    HIV/AIDS

    Scope of the problem

    Populations at risk for HIV/AIDS

    Nursing care of families with HIV

    STIs and the U.S

    Healthcare System

    Problem of access

    Health services

    Screening and prevention

    The Role of the Community Health Nurse

    Assessment

    Diagnosis

    Planning

    Implementation

    –Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change

    Evaluation

    Communicable & Infectious Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV/AIDS Essay Assignment Papers

  • Differing approaches of nursing leaders and managers to issues in practice

    Differing approaches of nursing leaders and managers to issues in practice

    In this assignment, you will be writing a 1,000-1,250-word essay describing the differing approaches of nursing leaders and managers to issues in practice. To complete this Differing approaches of nursing leaders and managers to issues in practice assignment, do the following:

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    Select an issue from the following list: nursing shortage and nurse turn-over, nurse staffing ratios, unit closures and restructuring, use of contract employees (i.e., registry and travel nurses), continuous quality improvement and patient satisfaction, and magnet designation.

    Compare and contrast how you would expect nursing leaders and managers to approach your selected issue. Support your rationale by using the theories, principles, skills, and roles of the leader versus manager described in your readings.

    Identify the approach that best fits your personal and professional philosophy of nursing and explain why the approach is suited to your personal leadership style.

    Identify a possible funding source that addresses your issue. Consider looking at federal, state, and local organizations. For example: There are many grants available through the CDC, HRSA, etc.

    Use at least two references other than your text and those provided in the course.

    Prepare this Differing approaches of nursing leaders and managers to issues in practice assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

    This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

    You are required to submit this Differing approaches of nursing leaders and managers to issues in practice assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.