Category: Writing

I would like to do my dissertation in forensic chemistry or toxicology .So could you please suggest me some dissertation topic ideas with samples

#!/usr/bin/env python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- “”” Created on Sat Nov 28 14:29:55 2020 @author: oliver “”” import numpy as np import random from matplotlib import pyplot as plt from itertools import count import time class Minirace: def __init__(self, level = 1, size = 6, normalise = False): # level is the dimensionality of state vector (1 or 2) self.level = min(2, max(1, level)) # size is the number of track positions (every 2 pixels, from 1..n-1). # this means there are 2 more car positions (0 and n) self.size = max(3, size) self.xymax = 2*(self.size + 2) # whether to normalise the state representation self.scale = 2 if normalise and level > 1 else 1.0 # the internal state is s1 = (x, z, d). Previous internal state in s0. # x: x-coordinate of the car # z[]: x-coordinate of the track, one for each y-coordinate # d[]: dx for the track, for each y-coordinate self.reset() def observationspace(self): “”” Dimensionality of the observation space Returns ——- int Number of values return as an observation. “”” return self.level def nexttrack(self, z, d = 2): “”” Move the next piece of track based on coordinate z, and curvature Parameters ———- z : int x-coordinate for the previous track segment. d : int, optional previous “curvature” (change of coordinate). The default is 2. This is to prevent too strong curvature (car can only move 1 step) Returns ——- znext : int The x-coordinate for the next piece of track (middle of the track). dz : int The change compared to the previous coordinate (-2..2). “”” trackd = random.randint(-2, 2) if self.level == 1 or abs(d) > 1: trackd = min(1, max(-1, trackd)) znext = max(1, min(self.size, z + trackd)) dz = znext – z return znext, dz def state(self): “”” Returns the (observed) state of the system. Depending on level, the observed state is an array of 1 to 5 values, or a pixel representation (level 0). Returns ——- np.array level 1: [dx] dx: relative distance in x-coordinate between car and next piece of track (the one in front of the car). May be normalised to values between -1 and 1, depending on initialisation. “”” x, z, d = self.s1 ## level 1: # return the difference between car x and the next piece of track if self.level == 1: return np.array([(z[2] – x) / self.scale]) if self.level == 2: return np.array([(z[2] – x) / self.scale, (z[3] – z[2]) / self.scale]) raise ValueError(“level not implemented”) def transition(self, action = 0): “”” Apply an action and update the environment. 0: do nothing 1: move left 2: move right Parameters ———- action : int, optional The action applied before the update. The default is 0 (representing no action). Returns ——- np.array The new observed state of the environment. “”” self.s0 = self.s1 if self.terminal(): return self.state() x0, z0, d0 = self.s0 z1 = np.roll(z0, -1) d1 = np.roll(d0, -1) x1 = x0 if action == 1: x1 = max(0, x0 – 1) elif action == 2: x1 = min(self.size-1, x0 + 1) z1[-1], d1[-1] = self.nexttrack(z0[-1], d0[-1]) self.s1 = (x1, z1, d1) return self.state() def terminal(self): “”” Check if episode is finished. Returns ——- bool True if episode is finished. “”” x, z, _ = self.s1 return abs(z[1] – x) > 1.0 def reward(self, action): “”” Calculate immediate reward. Positive reward for staying on track. Parameters ———- action : int 0-2, for the 3 possible actions. Returns ——- r : float immediate reward. “”” r = 1.0 if not self.terminal() else 0.0 return r def step(self, action): # return tuple (state, reward, done) state = self.transition(action) r = self.reward(action) done = self.terminal() return (state, r, done) def reset(self): # the internal state is # x: x-coordinate of the car # z[]: x-coordinate of the track, one for each y-coordinate # d[]: dx for the track, for each y-coordinate x = random.randint(0, self.size-1) z = np.zeros(self.xymax) d = np.zeros(self.xymax) z[0] = max(1, min(self.size, x)) z[1] = z[0] d[1] = 2 for i in range(2, self.xymax): z[i], d[i] = self.nexttrack(z[i-1], d[i-1]) self.s0 = (x, z, d) self.s1 = (x, z, d) return self.state() def sampleaction(self): # return a random action [0,2] action = random.randint(0, 2) return action def render(self, text = True, reward = None, cm = plt.cm.bone_r, f = None): x, z, _ = self.s1 pix = self.to_pix(x, z, text) if text: if reward is not None: print(‘{:.3f}’.format(reward)) print(”.join(np.flip(pix, axis=0).ravel())) else: fig, ax = plt.subplots() if reward is not None: plt.title(f’Reward: {reward}’, loc=’right’) ax.axis(“off”) plt.imshow(pix, origin=’lower’ , cmap=cm) if f is not None: plt.savefig(f, dpi=300) plt.show() def to_pix(self, x, z, text = False): “”” Generate a picture from an internal state representation Parameters ———- x : int car x-coordinate z : np.array array with track coordinates text : bool, optional flag if generate text represenation Raises —— ValueError If x,y,z are outside their range. Returns ——- image : np.array a square image with pixel values 0, 0.5, and 1. “”” if x < 0 or x > self.size+1: raise ValueError(‘car coordinate value error’) if np.min(z) < 1 or np.max(z) > self.size: raise ValueError(‘track coordinate value error’) car = ‘#’ if text else 2 if text: image = np.array(list(‘:’*(self.xymax+1))*(self.xymax)).reshape(self.xymax,-1) image[:, -1] = ‘n’ else: image = np.ones((self.xymax, self.xymax), dtype = int) for i, j in enumerate(z): j = int(j * 2) image[i, j-2:j+4] = ‘ ‘ if text else 0 image[0:2, 2*x:(2*x+2)] = car return image def mypolicy(state): action = therace.sampleaction() return action if __name__ == “__main__”: seed = 1 # torch.manual_seed(seed) gamma = 0.99 render = True finalrender = True log_interval = 100 render_interval = 1000 running_reward = 0 therace = Minirace(level=1, size=6) starttime = time.time() for i_episode in count(1): state, ep_reward, done = therace.reset(), 0, False rendernow = i_episode % render_interval == 0 for t in range(1, 10000): # Don’t infinite loop while learning # select action (randomly) action = mypolicy(state) # take the action state, reward, done = therace.step(action) reward = float(reward) # strange things happen if reward is an int if render and rendernow: therace.render(reward = ep_reward) ep_reward += reward if done: break # update cumulative reward running_reward = 0.05 * ep_reward + (1 – 0.05) * running_reward # log results if i_episode % log_interval == 0: print(‘Episode {}t Last reward: {:.2f}t Average reward: {:.2f}’.format( i_episode, ep_reward, running_reward)) # check if we have solved minirace if running_reward > 50: secs = time.time() – starttime mins = int(secs/60) secs = round(secs – mins * 60.0, 1) print(“Solved in {}min {}s!”.format(mins, secs)) print(“Running reward is now {:.2f} and the last episode ” “runs to {} time steps!”.format(running_reward, t)) if finalrender: state, ep_reward, done = therace.reset(), 0, False for t in range(1, 500): action = mypolicy(state) state, reward, done = therace.step(action) ep_reward += reward therace.render(text = False, reward = ep_reward) if done: break break
Attachments:
5728844_1_assignment2-caml2020.pdf
5728844_2_minirace.py
5728844_3_sprites-1-.py

It seems that online voting for Government elections would present a straightforward solution to the problems many countries face with low voter turnout, manual errors in the physical counting of votes and relying on the postal system for overseas nationals.
Since the turn of the century, many highly advanced, populated countries have embraced e-voting. Most European countries have since returned to paper ballot systems.
Remember the definition of e-voting is “the application of electronic technology to cast and count votes in an election”. Most countries utilise ‘on site’ voting with advanced identity verification processes. Remote e-voting is in a much earlier stage of development and testing. If you consider this in your report you need to be clear on the differences between the two voting systems.
You are required to carry out a small research project and produce a research report.
The purpose of your research project is to answer the following research question:
“Is ‘e-voting’ a viable and sustainable option to use for UK Government elections rather than the current paper-based system?”
Your report should consider whether e-voting would present a fair, secure, accessible and reliable system for the UK at the present time by weighing up the potential risks and benefits.
You will need to produce an assignment plan for the research project and report before you begin.
GUIDANCE
The report should be written using the recommended format and structure as outlined in the study materials for this unit.
Relevant theory must be referenced, and you must provide a references list and bibliography.
A copy of any surveys or questionnaires used and/or transcripts of interviews must be included to evidence that primary research has taken place. The outcomes from the primary research must be presented using graphs, charts and/or tables and these must be included in the report.
The report should be a maximum of 3,000 words in length.
This word limit is the absolute maximum you are permitted. If you are over the word limit for this assignment in any way you will receive your assignment back without further comment or feedback.
You must submit your assignment plan for marking along with the research report.

CW 101 benchmark gospel essentials It was in your ad you had the whole course outlined i need the help with the answers

A Letter from Boston
Place yourself (same age, family situation, and relative occupation) in early 1770s Boston. You are inspired to write a letter to someone (family, friend, co-worker, etc.) outside of the area about what you have seen or heard happening with regards to the growing rift with Britain. Below are questions you must address in your letter.
Your nation is on the brink of war. What has caused this?
In your current situation, how has the foreign government impacted you, and what you are seeing evolve as the American government?
Are you hoping to see a new nation emerge, or are you hoping for a reconciliation with Britain?
You are encouraged to be creative with the assignment, but make sure you are using facts from what you have read and learned to guide you. Your letter must be a minimum of one page, double spaced, and written in Times New Roman 12 point font.

The required elements will include: Identification of the targets around your work or home environments. Creation of hypothetical scenarios based on the threat assessment performed by the group you wrote about in your first assignment that will include the specific tactics (m.o.) that the group is known for. Finally, you will construct a hypothetical Contingency Plan that will include escape routes following the attack. The escape routes are intended for the evacuation of the members of the public who found themselves in the proximity to the hypothetical attack.
1. An overview of the targets that you have selected and an explanation of why your terrorist group would want to attack them
2. How your terror group will approach the targets
3. The groups tactics once on-scene
4. Means of escape following the attack
Attachments:
5728787_1_Al-Shabaab-Paper.docx