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Tag: Clinical-Nursing

  • A Young Girl With ADHD Decision Tree case study – Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

    A Young Girl With ADHD Decision Tree case study – Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

    Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

    A Young Girl With ADHD

    BACKGROUND

    Katie is an 8 year old Caucasian female who is brought to your office today by her mother & father. They report that they were referred to you by their primary care provider after seeking her advice because Katie’s teacher suggested that she may have ADHD. Katie’s parents reported that their PCP felt that she should be evaluated by psychiatry to determine whether or not she has this condition.

    The parents give you a copy of a form titled 
    “Conner’s Teacher Rating Scale-Revised”.
    This scale was filled out by Katie’s teacher and sent home to the parents so that they could share it with their family primary care provider. According to the scoring provided by her teacher, Katie is inattentive, easily distracted, forgets things she already learned, is poor in spelling, reading, and arithmetic. Her attention span is short, and she is noted to only pay attention to things she is interested in. The teacher opined that she lacks interest in school work and is easily distracted. Katie is also noted to start things but never finish them, and seldom follows through on instructions and fails to finish her school work. A Young Girl With ADHD Decision Tree case study – Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

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    Katie’s parents actively deny that Katie has ADHD. “She would be running around like a wild person if she had ADHD” reports her mother. “She is never defiant or has temper outburst” adds her father.

    SUBJECTIVE

    Katie reports that she doesn’t know what the “big deal” is. She states that school is “OK”- her favorite subjects are “art” and “recess.” She states that she finds her other subjects boring, and sometimes hard because she feels “lost”. She admits that her mind does wander during class to things that she thinks of as more fun. “Sometimes” Katie reports “I will just be thinking about nothing and the teacher will call my name and I don’t know what they were talking about.”

    Katie reports that her home life is just fine. She reports that she loves her parents and that they are very good and kind to her. Denies any abuse, denies bullying at school. Offers no other concerns at this time. A Young Girl With ADHD Decision Tree case study – Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

    MENTAL STATUS EXAM

    The client is an 8 year old Caucasian female who appears appropriately developed for her age. Her speech is clear, coherent, and logical. She is appropriately oriented to person, place, time, and event. She is dressed appropriately for the weather and time of year. She demonstrates no noteworthy mannerisms, gestures, or tics. Self-reported mood is euthymic. Affect is bright. Katie denies visual or auditory hallucinations, no delusional or paranoid thought processes readily appreciated. Attention and concentration are grossly intact based on Katie’s attending to the clinical interview and her ability to count backwards from 100 by serial 2’s and 5’s. Insight and judgment appear age appropriate. Katie denies any suicidal or homicidal ideation.

    Diagnosis: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, predominantly inattentive presentation

    RESOURCES

    § Conners, C. K., Sitarenios, G., Parker, J. D. A., & Epstein, J. N. (1998). Revision and restandardization of the Conners’ Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS-R): Factors, structure, reliability, and criterion validity. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26, 279-291. A Young Girl With ADHD Decision Tree case study – Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

    http://cdnfiles.laureate.net/2dett4d/Walden/NURS/6521/05/mm/decision_trees/week_09/index.html

    Decision Point One

    Select what you should do:

    Begin Wellbutrin (bupropion) XL 150 mg orally daily

    Begin Intuniv extended release 1 mg orally at BEDTIME

    Begin Ritalin (methylphenidate) chewable tablets 10 mg orally in the MORNING A Young Girl With ADHD Decision Tree case study – Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

  • NURS 6521 Assignment: Decision Tree for Neurological and Musculoskeletal

    NURS 6521 Assignment: Decision Tree for Neurological and Musculoskeletal

    By Day 7 of Week 8

    Submit
     your Assignment, started in Week 6.

    Reminder:
     The School of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The Sample Paper provided at the Walden Writing Center offers an example of those required elements (available at 
    http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/57.htm
    ). All papers submitted must use this formatting.

    Photo Credit: Getty Images/Science Photo Library RF

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    Submission and Grading Information

    To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

    Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK8Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.

    Click the 
    Week 8 Assignment Rubric 
    to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.

    Click the 
    Week 8 Assignment 
    You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.

    Next, from the Attach File area, click on the 
    Browse My Computer
    Find the document you saved as “WK8Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click 
    Open
    . NURS 6521 Assignment: Decision Tree for Neurological and Musculoskeletal

    If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for 
    I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database
    .

    Click on the 
    Submit
    button to complete your submission.

    Grading Criteria

    To access your rubric:

    Week 8 Assignment Rubric

     

    Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity

    To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:

    Submit your Week 8 Assignment draft and review the originality report.

     

    Submit Your Assignment by Day 7 of Week 8

    To participate in this Assignment:

    Week 8 Assignment NURS 6521 Assignment: Decision Tree for Neurological and Musculoskeletal

  • 76-year-old Iranian Male Decision Tree case study – lzheimer’s Disease

    76-year-old Iranian Male Decision Tree case study – lzheimer’s Disease

    BACKGROUND

    Mr. Akkad is a 76 year old Iranian male who is brought to your office by his eldest son for “strange behavior.” Mr. Akkad was seen by his family physician who ruled out any organic basis for Mr. Akkad’s behavior. All laboratory and diagnostic imaging tests (including CT-scan of the head) were normal.

    According to his son, he has been demonstrating some strange thoughts and behaviors for the past two years, but things seem to be getting worse. Per the client’s son, the family noticed that Mr. Akkad’s personality began to change a few years ago. He began to lose interest in religious activities with the family and became more “critical” of everyone. They also noticed that things he used to take seriously had become a source of “amusement” and “ridicule.” 76-year-old Iranian Male Decision Tree case study – lzheimer’s Disease

    Over the course of the past two years, the family has noticed that Mr. Akkad has been forgetting things. His son also reports that sometimes he has difficult “finding the right words” in a conversation and then will shift to an entirely different line of conversation.

    SUBJECTIVE

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    During the clinical interview, Mr. Akkad is pleasant, cooperative and seems to enjoy speaking with you. You notice some confabulation during various aspects of memory testing, so you perform a Mini-Mental State Exam. Mr. Akkad scores 18 out of 30 with primary deficits in orientation, registration, attention & calculation, and recall. The score suggests moderate dementia. 76-year-old Iranian Male Decision Tree case study – lzheimer’s Disease

    MENTAL STATUS EXAM

    Mr. Akkad is 76 year old Iranian male who is cooperative with today’s clinical interview. His eye contact is poor. Speech is clear, coherent, but tangential at times. He makes no unusual motor movements and demonstrates no tic. Self-reported mood is euthymic. Affect however is restricted. He denies visual or auditory hallucinations. No delusional or paranoid thought processes noted. He is alert and oriented to person, partially oriented to place, but is disoriented to time and event [he reports that he thought he was coming to lunch but “wound up here”- referring to your office, at which point he begins to laugh]. Insight and judgment are impaired. Impulse control is also impaired as evidenced by Mr. Akkad’s standing up during the clinical interview and walking towards the door. When you asked where he was going, he stated that he did not know. Mr. Akkad denies suicidal or homicidal ideation.

    Diagnosis: Major neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease (presumptive)

    http://cdnfiles.laureate.net/2dett4d/Walden/NURS/6521/05/mm/decision_trees/week_10/index.html

    RESOURCES

    § Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (2002). Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources. 76-year-old Iranian Male Decision Tree case study – lzheimer’s Disease

    Decision Point One

    Select what you should do:

    Begin Exelon (rivastigmine) 1.5 mg orally BID with an increase to 3 mg orally BID in 2 weeks

    : Begin Aricept (donepezil) 5 mg orally at BEDTIME

    Begin Razadyne (galantamine) 4 mg orally BID

    76-year-old Iranian Male Decision Tree case study – lzheimer’s Disease

  • NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology Week 7: Midterm Exam

    NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology Week 7: Midterm Exam

    Week 7: Midterm Exam

    This week, you will continue working on your Assignment started in Week 6, and you will complete your Midterm Exam.

    Learning Objectives

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    Students will:

    Identify key terms, concepts, and principles related to prescribing drugs to treat patient disorders

    Midterm Exam

    The Exam covers the content you have explored throughout the first 6 weeks of this course.

    This exam is a test of your knowledge in preparation for your certification exam. 
    No outside resources
    —including books, notes, websites, or any other type of resource—are to be used to complete this quiz. You are not allowed to take screenshots or record the exam questions in any other format while taking the exam. You are expected to 
    comply with Walden University’s Code of Conduct
    . NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology Week 7: Midterm Exam

    Photo Credit: Getty Images/Hero Images

    By Day 7 of Week 7

    Complete
     the Midterm Exam. You have 120 minutes to complete the exam. You may only attempt this exam once.

    Submission and Grading Information

    Complete the Exam by Day 7 of Week 7 NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology Week 7: Midterm Exam

    To Complete this
    Exam
    :

    Week 7 Exam

    What’s Coming Up in Module 6?

    Photo Credit: Getty Images/iStockphoto

    In the next module, 
    you will examine types of drugs prescribed to patients who present with psychological disorders.

    In the next module, 
    you will examine types of drugs prescribed to patients who present with psychological disorders. NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology Week 7: Midterm Exam

  • NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology Resource List

    NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology Resource List

    Resource List

    This page contains all of the resources for this course.

    Week 1

    Required Readings

    Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2018).
    Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice providers
    . St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

    Chapter 1, “Prescriptive Authority” (pp. 1–3)

    Chapter 2, “Rational Drug Selection and Prescription Writing” (pp. 5–9)

    Chapter 3, “Promoting Positive Outcomes of Drug Therapy” (pp. 11–16)

    Chapter 4, “Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Interactions” (pp. 17–40)

    Chapter 5, “Adverse Drug Reactions and Medical Errors” (pp. 41–49)

    Chapter 6, “Individual Variation in Drug Response” (pp. 51–56)

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    American Geriatrics Society 2019 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. (2019). American Geriatrics Society 2019 updated AGS Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults.
    Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 67
    (4), 674–694. doi:10.1111/jgs.15767
    American Geriatrics Society 2019 Updated AGS Beers Criteria

    American Geriatrics Society 2019 updated AGS Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults by American Geriatrics Society, in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, Vol. 67/Issue 4. Copyright 2019 by Blackwell Publishing. Reprinted by permission of Blackwell Publishing via the Copyright Clearance Center. NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology Resource List

     

    This article is an update to the Beers Criteria, which includes lists of potentially inappropriate medications to be avoided in older adults as well as newly added criteria that lists select drugs that should be avoided or have their dose adjusted based on the individual’s kidney function and select drug-drug interactions documented to be associated with harms in older adults.

    Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.-a). Code of federal regulations. Retrieved February 1, 2019, from https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/21cfr/cfr/1300/1300_01.htm NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology Resource List

     

    This website outlines the code of federal regulations for prescription drugs.

    Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.-b). Mid-level practitioners authorization by state. Retrieved May 13, 2019 from http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugreg/practioners/index.html

     

    This website outlines the schedules for controlled substances, including prescriptive authority for each schedule.

    Drug Enforcement Administration. (2006). Practitioner’s manual. Retrieved from http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/pubs/manuals/pract/index.html

     

    This manual is a resource for practitioners who prescribe, dispense, and administer controlled substances. It provides information on general requirements, security issues, recordkeeping, prescription requirements, and addiction treatment programs.

    Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.-c). Registration. Retrieved February 1, 2019, from https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugreg/index.html

     

    This website details key aspects of drug registration. NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology Resource List

    Fowler, M. D. (2015). Guide to the code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements: Development, interpretation, and application. Retrieved from https://eds-b-ebscohost-com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/eds/ebookviewer/ebook/bmxlYmtfXzEwMjE3NjNfX0FO0?sid=8cf8b6d3-6338-4e98-8254-2cadb5d74ad5@sessionmgr103&vid=0&format=EB&rid=1

     

    This resource introduces the code of ethics for nurses and highlights critical aspects for ethical guideline development, interpretation, and application in practice.

    Institute for Safe Medication Practices. (2017). List of error-prone abbreviations, symbols, and dose designations. Retrieved from https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-abbreviations-list

     

    This website provides a list of prescription-writing abbreviations that might lead to misinterpretation, as well as suggestions for preventing resulting errors. NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology Resource List

    Ladd, E., & Hoyt, A. (2016). Shedding light on nurse practitioner prescribing.
    The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 12
    (3), 166–173. doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2015.09.17

    Note:
    You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

     

    This article provides NPs with information regarding state-based laws for NP prescribing.

     

    Sabatino, J. A., Pruchnicki, M. C., Sevin, A. M., Barker, E., Green, C. G., & Porter, K. (2017). Improving prescribing practices: A pharmacist‐led educational intervention for nurse practitioner students.
    Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 29(
    5), 248–254. doi:10.1002/2327-6924.12446

    Note:
    You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

     

    The authors of this article assess the impact of a pharmacist‐led educational intervention on family nurse practitioner (FNP) students’ prescribing skills, perception of preparedness to prescribe, and perception of pharmacist as collaborator.

     

    Required Media

    Introduction to Advanced Pharmacology

    Meet Dr. Terry Buttaro, associate professor of practice at Simmons School of Nursing and Health Sciences as she discusses the importance of pharmacology for the advanced practice nurse. (8m)

     

    Accessible player –Downloads–Download Video w/CCDownload AudioDownload Transcript
    Introduction to Advanced Pharmacology

    Week 2

    Required Readings

    Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2018).
    Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice providers
    . St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

    Chapter 34, “Review of Hemodynamics” (pp. 335–340)

    Chapter 35, “Diuretics” (pp. 341–349)

    Chapter 36, “Drugs Acting on the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System” (pp. 351–362)

    Chapter 37, “Calcium Channel Blockers” (pp. 363–369)

    Chapter 38, “Vasodilators” (pp. 371–373)

    Chapter 39, “Drugs for Hypertension” (pp. 375–388)

    Chapter 40, “Drugs for Heart Failure” (pp. 389–402)

    Chapter 41, “Antidysrhythmic Drugs” (pp. 403–418)

    Chapter 42, “Prophylaxis of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Drugs That Help Normalize Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels” (pp. 419–439)

    Chapter 43, “Drugs for Angina Pectoris” (pp. 441–450)

    Chapter 44, “Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Drugs” (pp. 451–472)

     

    Required Media

    Cardiovascular Disorders

    Meet Dr. Norbert Myslinski as he discusses ACE inhibitors, angiotensin inhibitors, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics as different categories of hypertension drugs. What potential drugs might be best recommended for patients suffering from hypertension? (8m) NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology Resource List

     

    Accessible player –Downloads–Download Video w/CCDownload AudioDownload Transcript
    Cardiovascular Disorders

    Week 3

    Required Readings

    Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2018).
    Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice providers
    . St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

    Chapter 60, “Drugs for Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease” (pp. 673–693)

    Chapter 61, “Drugs for Allergic Rhinitis, Cough, and Colds” (pp. 695–702)

     

    Document:

    APA Presentation Template

    National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. (2007). Expert panel report 3 (EPR3): Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. Retrieved from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/asthma/asthgdln.htm

     

    This web resource presents guidelines for diagnosing and managing asthma and outlines treatment recommendations for specific age groups. NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology Resource List

     

    Week 4

    Required Readings

    Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2018).
    Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice providers
    . St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

    Chapter 62, “Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease” (pp. 703–714)

    Chapter 63, “Laxatives” (pp. 715–722)

    Chapter 64, “Other Gastrointestinal Drugs” (pp. 723–735)

    Chapter 78, “Antiviral Agents I: Drugs for Non-HIV Viral Infections” (pp. 867–886)

     

    Chalasani, N., Younossi, Z., Lavine, J. E., Charlton, M., Cusi, K., Rinella, M., . . . Sanya, A. J. (2018). The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases
    . Hepatology, 67(1)
    , 328–357. Retrieved from https://aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/hep.29367

     

    This article details the diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Review this article to gain an understanding of the underlying pathophysiology as well as the suggested pharmacotherapeutics that might be recommended to treat this disorder.

    Week 5

    Required Readings

    Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2018).
    Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice providers
    . St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

    Chapter 46, “Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus” (pp. 485–509)

    Chapter 47, “Drugs for Thyroid Disorders” (pp. 511–520)

     

    American Diabetes Association. (2018). Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: Standards of medical care in diabetes—2018
    . Diabetes Care, 41(Supplement 1)
    , S73–S85. Retrieved from http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/41/supplement_1/s73.full-text.pdf  NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology Resource List

     

    This article provides guidance on pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment as it pertains to treating patients with diabetes. Reflect on the content of this article as you continue to examine potential drug treatments for patients with diabetes.

    Document:
    Mid-Term Summary & Study Guide (PDF)

    Week 6

    Required Readings

    Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2018).
    Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice providers
    . St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

    Chapter 10, “Basic Principles of Neuropharmacology” (pp. 73–77)

    Chapter 11, “Physiology of the Peripheral Nervous System” (pp. 79–90)

    Chapter 12, “Muscarinic Agonists and Antagonists” (pp. 91–107)

    Chapter 13, “Adrenergic Agonists” (pp. 109–119)

    Chapter 14, “Adrenergic Antagonists” (pp. 121–132)

    Chapter 15, “Indirect-Acting Antiadrenergic Agents” (pp. 133–137)

    Chapter 16, “Introduction to Nervous System Pharmacology” (pp. 139–141)

    Chapter 17, “Drugs for Parkinson Disease” (pp. 143–158)

    Chapter 18, “Drugs for Alzheimer Disease” (pp. 159–166)

    Chapter 19, “Drugs for Epilepsy” (pp. 167–189)

    Chapter 20, “Drugs for Muscle Spasm and Spasticity” (pp. 191–201)

    Chapter 57, “Drug Therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis” (pp. 629–641)

    Chapter 58, “Drug Therapy of Gout” (pp. 643–651)

    Chapter 59, “Drugs Affecting Calcium Levels and Bone Mineralization” (pp. 653–672)

     

    American Academy of Family Physicians. (2019). Dementia. Retrieved from http://www.aafp.org/afp/topicModules/viewTopicModule.htm?topicModuleId=5

     

    This website provides information relating to the diagnosis, treatment, and patient education of dementia. It also presents information on complications and special cases of dementia.

    Document:
    Mid-Term Summary & Study Guide (PDF)

    Required Media

    Laureate Education (Producer). (2019b).
    Alzheimer’s disease
    [Interactive media file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

     

    In this interactive media piece, you will engage in a set of decisions for prescribing and recommending pharmacotherapeutics to treat Alzheimer’s disease. NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology Resource List

    Laureate Education (Producer). (2019e).
    Complex regional pain disorder
    [Interactive media file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

     

    In this interactive media piece, you will engage in a set of decisions for prescribing and recommending pharmacotherapeutics to treat complex regional pain disorders.

    Disorders of The Nervous System

    Reflect on the comprehensive review of disorders of the nervous system and think about how you might recommend or prescribe pharmacotherapeutics to treat these disorders. (15m)

     

    Accessible player –Downloads–Download Video w/CCDownload AudioDownload Transcript 
    Disorders of the Nervous System

    Week 8

    Required Readings

    Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2018).
    Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice providers
    . St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

    Chapter 24, “Antipsychotic Agents and Their Use in Schizophrenia” (pp. 231–246)

    Chapter 25, “Antidepressants” (pp. 247–265)

    Chapter 26, “Drugs for Bipolar Disorder” (pp. 267–274)

    Chapter 27, “Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs” (pp. 275–285)

    Chapter 28, “Management of Anxiety Disorders” (pp. 287–292)

    Chapter 29, “Central Nervous System Stimulants and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder” (pp. 293–299)

     

    Required Media

    Laureate Education (Producer). (2019a).
    Adult geriatric depression
    [Interactive media file]. Baltimore, MD: Author. NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology Resource List

     

    In this interactive media piece, you will engage in a set of decisions for prescribing and recommending pharmacotherapeutics to treat adult geriatric depression.

    Laureate Education (Producer). (2019c).
    Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
    [Interactive media file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

     

    In this interactive media piece, you will engage in a set of decisions for prescribing and recommending pharmacotherapeutics to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

    Laureate Education (Producer). (2019d).
    Bipolar therapy
    [Interactive media file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

     

    In this interactive media piece, you will engage in a set of decisions for prescribing and recommending pharmacotherapeutics for bipolar therapy.

    Laureate Education (Producer). (2019g).
    Generalized anxiety disorder
    [Interactive media file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

     

    In this interactive media piece, you will engage in a set of decisions for prescribing and recommending pharmacotherapeutics to treat generalized anxiety disorder.

    Week 9

    Required Readings

    Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2018).
    Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advacned practice providers
    . St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

    Chapter 48, “Estrogens and Progestins: Basic Pharmacology and Noncontraceptive Applications” (pp. 521–533) NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology Resource List

    Chapter 49, “Birth Control” (pp. 535–547)

    Chapter 50, “Androgens” (pp. 549–556)

    Chapter 51, “Drugs for Erectile Dysfunction and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia” (pp. 557–569)

     

    Lunenfeld, B., Mskhalaya, G., Zitzmann, M., Arver, S., Kalinchenko, S., Tishova, Y., & Morgentaler, A. (2015). Recommendations on the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of hypogonadism in men.
    Aging Male
    ,
    18
    (1), 5–15. doi:10.3109/13685538.2015.1004049

    Note:
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

     

    This article presents recommendations on the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of hypogonadism in men. Reflect on the concepts presented and consider how this might impact your role as an advanced practice nurse in treating men’s health disorders.

     

    Roberts, H., & Hickey, M. (2016). Managing the menopause: An update
    . Maturitas, 86
    (2016), 53–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.01.007

    Note:
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

     

    This article provides an update on treatments on Vasomotor symptoms (VMS), genito-urinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), sleep disturbance, sexual dysfunction, and mood disturbance that are common during the menopause transition.

     

    Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2014). Guide to clinical preventive services, 2014: Section 2. Recommendations for adults. Retrieved from http://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/clinicians-providers/guidelines-recommendations/guide/section2.html

     

    This website lists various preventive services available for men and women and provides information about available screenings, tests, preventive medication, and counseling. NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology Resource List

    Week 10

    Required Readings

    Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2018).
    Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice providers
    . St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

    Chapter 68, “Basic Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy” (pp. 769–781)

    Chapter 69, “Drugs That Weaken the Bacterial Cell Wall I: Penicillins” (pp. 783–790)

    Chapter 73, “Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim” (pp. 619–826)

    Chapter 74, “Drug Therapy of Urinary Tract Infections” (pp. 827–831)

    Chapter 75, “Antimycobacterial Agents” (pp. 833–847)

    Chapter 76, “Miscellaneous Antibacterial Drugs” (pp. 849–853)

    Chapter 77, “Antifungal Agents” (pp. 855–866)

    Chapter 78, “Antiviral Agents I: Drugs for Non-HIV Viral Infections” (pp. 867–886)

    Chapter 80, “Drug Therapy of Sexually Transmitted Diseases” (pp. 905–911)

     

    Montaner, J. S. G., Lima, V. D., Harrigan, P. R., Lourenço, L., Yip, B., Nosyk, B., … Kendall, P. (2014). Expansion of HAART coverage is associated with sustained decreases in HIV/AIDS morbidity, mortality and HIV transmission: The “HIV Treatment as Prevention” experience in a Canadian setting
    . PLoS ONE, 9
    (2)
    ,
    e87872. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087872 NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology Resource List

     

    This study examines HAART therapy and its sustainability and profound population-level decrease in morbidity, mortality, and HIV transmission.

    Document:
    Final Exam Study Guide (PDF)

    Required Media

    Pathopharmacology: Pharmacology and Immunological Disorders: Improvements in Medications and Drug Administration

    Nurse Manager, Bette Nunn discusses how technology has improved the practice of administering drugs and created new and improved drug therapies. Why is technology as well as a patient’s knowledge of their own drug history important for nursing practice?
    (
    8m)

     

    Accessible player –Downloads–Download Video w/CCDownload AudioDownload Transcript 
    Pharmacology and the Immunological Disorders

    Week 11

    Required Readings

    Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2018).
    Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice providers
    . St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

    Chapter 8, “Drug Therapy in Pediatric Patients” (pp. 65—67)

     

    Corny, J., Lebel, D., Bailey, B., & Bussieres, J. (2015). Unlicensed and off-label drug use in children before and after pediatric governmental initiatives.
    The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics
    ,
    20
    (4), 316–328. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4557722/

     

    This article highlights pediatric governmental initiatives to prevent unlicensed and off-label drug use in children. Review these initiatives and guidelines and how they might impact your practice as an advanced practice nurse.

    Panther, S. G., Knotts, A. M., Odom-Maryon, T., Daratha, K., Woo, T., & Klein, T. A. (2017). Off-label prescribing trends for ADHD medications in very young children.
    The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics
    ,
    22
    (6), 423–429. doi:10.5863/1551-6776-22.6.423 NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology Resource List

    Note:
    You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

     

    This study examines the frequency of off-label prescribing to children and explores factors that impact off-label prescribing. This study also examines off-label prescribing to children with ADHD.

     

    Document:
    Final Exam Study Guide (PDF)

    Required Media

    Laureate Education (Producer). (2019i).
    Therapy for pediatric clients with mood disorders
    [Interactive media file]. Baltimore, MD: Author. NURS 6521: Advanced Pharmacology Resource List

  • Differences in Scope of Practice for RN and LPN Essay

    Differences in Scope of Practice for RN and LPN Essay

    Paper must address the practice differences 65-1113 (from Kansas Nurse Practice Act) Educational Preparation 65-1115 (from Kansas Nurse Practice Act) IV Therapy 65-1136 (from Kansas Nurse Practice Act) Delegation 65-1165 (from Kansas Nurse Practice Act) Organization: Purpose and focus of the writing are clear. Sequencing of ideas makes writer’s points easy to follow. Sentence Structure/Grammar: Sentences are structured and words are chosen to communicate ideas clearly. No grammatical errors. References: At least 3 to 6 references including current version of KS Nurse Practice Act ( available on ksbn.kansas.gov/npa). Other references < 5 years old. Utilizes APA format.

  • Patient Protection and Affordability Care Act Health Policy Paper Sample essay

    Patient Protection and Affordability Care Act Health Policy Paper Sample essay

    Abstract

    The purpose of this research is to identify the significance and impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and how health care insurance plays impacts millions of American citizens. The significant aspect of this paper will show readers the overall picture on how Medicare helps individuals in need and what group of people this act is for and the people who are against it. Research in this paper will show that the main argument is making health care affordable for everyone to make sure they have the proper treatment in order to seek medical attention and receive medication. Research came from empirical journal articles dealing with this particular act and how it impacts American citizens. Results suggest that mainly the reason for this act is to provide comfort for not only the geriatric population but also anyone who is need of help for funding when it relates to medical insurance. Changes that should be implemented should show the underlying cause of tax increases on the middle class, affordability for all who qualifies, and ways to improve health care coverage for the next forty years.

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    Introduction of Problem/Issue and Related Bill

    The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is one of the most important bills to be introduced and implemented because it covers a important topic in America today which is healthcare and how citizens of this great country can benefit from being covered medically in certain situations The Affordable Care Act is targeted at increasing the reasonable pricing and how health insurance coverage for Americans is rated. The main issue focused on this bill is to reduce the long term costs of health care not just for individuals but also the government. The Affordable Care Act was enacted by the 111
    th
    United States Congress and was effective on March, 23, 2010. The United States representative for New York’s 13
    th
    congressional district Charles B. Rangel introduced the Affordable Care Act in the House as “Service Members Home Ownership Tax Act of 2009” back in September of 2009. The act was passed by the House in October of 2009, and then passed by the Senate in December 2009 under the title that it goes by today known as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The bill was signed into law by President Barack Obama on March, 23, 2010. I feel the main issue with this bill is making sure there is a way that all American citizens can be covered by medical insurance that is fair for each class depending on your income and that it is affordable when situations arises and medicine or medical attention is required. Patient Protection and Affordability Care Act Health Policy Paper Sample essay.

    “Nearly 30 years after President Nixon proposed the first major overhaul of the health care system, comprehensive reform became a reality when President Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) on March 23, 2010. The ACA is expected to cover 32 million currently uninsured people by expanding Medicaid, offering subsidies to purchase insurance, and prohibiting preexisting condition exclusions. Like Presidents Carter and Clinton before him, Barack Obama campaigned on a promise of health care reform.” (Gostin & Garcia, 2012) The significance of the bill shows why it is so important in society today. The main concern is finding the problem and what is wrong with the influential parameters that the bill puts upon people. The following section shows how the bill was introduced and also certain issues that relate to it and how particular situations of everyday life impact the bill.

    “On March 23, 2010, President Obama signed into law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA).” This Act is a major attempt to improve access to health care by expanding coverage through Medicaid and by reforming the private insurance market. Quality is also an important focus of PPACA—it promotes disease management, care coordination, new payment models, value-based purchasing initiatives, and the use of comparative effectiveness research. PPACA offers a strong regulatory push toward the goal of “flawless execution,”   the health care equivalent of zero defects in industrial production.” (Furrow, 2011) I think this act is one of the most important acts in the history of America because of the impact it has had on the healthcare industry and also how it impacts so many people on a daily basis and continues to be the leading force to make health care affordable for all people here in the United States.

     

    Background/Significance and Scope of the Problem

     

    The most unique aspect of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is how it became known as what it is today. The name that is known as the bill itself today has undergone changes that can control health care costs and public insurance being expanded by way of insurance expansion that consist of Medicare and Medicaid availability. The one change starting out was the notion that private insurance had to be in a nutshell regulated and subsidized. Most of the ideas that started the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act makes up the foundation of the expansion of the laws insurance and in past initiations have been bought up in reform proposals. Ideas and opinions have been expressed since the conception of the new law for healthcare for private insurance versus public insurance when it comes to individual mandates paired with sums of money from the government. Patient Protection and Affordability Care Act Health Policy Paper Sample essay.

    This act or notion was thought of in a way that United Health Insurance could eventually win the backing from Senate. Experts that are well educated on healthcare policy came to the conclusion based on theory that the individual mandate of the requirement started with Republicans over twenty years ago to buy health insurance when back then it was proposed at first by the politically conservative Heritage Foundation as a other option to just one person paying for health care. This mandate was pushed heavy by Republicans back then as the ideal approach at first to health-care reform basing it off of one thing: responsibility placed upon the individual. In 1986, the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act pass by both parties in the Congress and signed by then President Ronald Reagan focusing on Medicare. This act require all hospitals that have a partnership with Medicare to provide emergency care to any patient who seeks medical attention, making the government take the cost that didn’t have the funding to pay the medical expenses.

    “PPACA contains numerous provisions that fund research and disseminate findings to providers about what works. Some provisions define health care quality and its measures, while others attempt to generate new research findings on outcomes and best practices in the clinical setting. Still other provisions mandate broad dissemination of these findings to providers and consumers of health care through websites and other media. Finally, payment strategies will be expanded and tested to determine how the Medicare payment system can better promote best practices and outcomes.” (Furrow, 2011) There are a lot of issues that correlate with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act but none is bigger than the impact the act has on Medicare.

    The first way this issue impacts the act as whole discusses preventive services for people eligible for coverage. Medicare was put in place to cover more services for people that need preventive screenings done annually. The most influential act of 2003 was the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act that states the enrollment period in Medicare Part B a person can receive a physical examination. The next part of Medicare that deals with the ramifications is prescription drugs and the cost of medicine for people that have Medicare. This part of the deal requires participants to pay twenty five percent of the prescription drugs cost. One would suggest that this can be very impactful because of the substantial amount of money that can be saved but also how much is needed to make sure medical problems are at ease.

    “First Lady Michele Obama highlighted some of the most welcomed provisions: “Insurance companies can no longer discriminate against children and adults because they have a preexisting condition. Patients can no longer be dropped by their insurance companies because they get sick. People suffering from a serious illness like breast cancer can focus on their treatment because they no longer have to worry about hitting their lifetime limit on coverage. And college kids and young adults just starting out on their own can now get coverage through their parents’ plan. Preventative services are now covered at no out-of-pocket costs. Things like mammograms, cervical screenings, colonoscopies, childhood immunizations, prenatal and new baby care, high blood pressure treatment, all of these are included in new insurance plans with no deductable, no copay, no coinsurance, nothing. Patient Protection and Affordability Care Act Health Policy Paper Sample essay. These steps are crucial because they can help combat preventable conditions that can have serious health consequences later in life.” (Ober & Craven, 2011) The most important aspect to understand that any type of medical condition won’t be judged upon as a factor in the decision when impacting insurance companies in regards to health care reform. Society today has become very strict on certain laws and ways to prevent people from getting the coverage they need, but this Affordable Care Act makes it more relatable for people dealing with the new health care reform. There are many considerations that impact the act from standpoints that influence social, economic, political, and ethical considerations.

    “In terms of the overall economic effect, the ACA will expand coverage to tens of millions of people (the White House estimates 32 million) which will naturally increase demand for health-services and boost health expenditures like hospital visits and medications. This increased spending should fuel growth, at least in the near-term. The legislation is financed partly by additional taxes, especially on higher-earners and their investment income. Patient Protection and Affordability Care Act Health Policy Paper Sample essay. The tax hit could stifle consumer spending, offsetting the jump in health expenditures. Then again, Americans with higher incomes tend to save more cash, so it’s also reasonable to think taxing them could divert money from savings accounts to spending — boosting the economy. The overall macroeconomic effect will most likely not be discerned as positive, negative or neutral for some time.” (Norris, 2012)

    ACA really displays how not only money will be impacted for years to come but also the impact on so many people. The ACA in demand for health resources will most definitely take the health care industry into new heights never seen before. The dilemma comes into play when taxing the wealthy and sticking the middle class and less fortunate with higher taxes on consumer products that they can’t afford making the health care industry flourish. The social impact on this act can really impact elderly and their daily functions of everyday life and daily living. Socially geriatrics is probably the only group of people that this act impacts due to living normal productive lives after the age of sixty five and beyond. Social aspects can impact parents with children who are on Medicare dealing with insurance that tends to be on the high end of the monetary side. Children who are just born that have to deal with the different situations socially are impacted not by the act in regards to covering them but how people conceive them on a daily basis. Patient Protection and Affordability Care Act Health Policy Paper Sample essay.

    “The mostly hotly debated economic factor is how the ACA will affect the deficit. As President Obama reminds anyone who will listen, the Congressional Budget Office scored the legislation as a net deficit reducer (to the tune of $140 billion) over the next ten years although conservatives have quibbled with how the bill was scored. The Court ruled on June 28th that the Federal government cannot force the states to expand Medicaid as the bill had originally intended (specifically, the Federal government could revoke a state’s entire allocation of Medicaid funding if it did not expand Medicaid coverage) so it is possible that conservative governors will not move ahead with expanding Medicaid since they are no longer compelled to. This, no doubt, would be a huge factor in both Federal and state budgets.” (Norris, 2012) The most impactful is how this will deal with the deficit that the United States is already in and will be in for years to come. One would think Obama informing everyone about the Congressional Budget Office is supposedly a net deficit reducer for years to come but from the prior statement who knows if that is even true. The economic impact of the ACA is so substantial that the list goes on based upon factors that make the economy landscape impacted by the Affordable Care Act.

    “Regarding the economic topic of the day, job creation, the effect of the legislation again, is hard to read. As noted above, spending in the health sector is likely to increase if for no other reason than tens of millions more consumers in the market so it is not unreasonable to assume jobs will be created in the health sector. Patient Protection and Affordability Care Act Health Policy Paper Sample essay. On the other hand, there is much anecdotal evidence (though little empirical, since the Act’s main provisions are not yet in effect) of businesses downsizing or putting off hiring because of the new employer-provided insurance regulations. The incentive and regulation structure for businesses is complex though, with varying rules and subsidies depending on the size and nature of the business so it is hard to forecast how hiring in the private sector at-large will change if at all.” (Norris, 2012)

    That is why the most sought after jobs in the market today are all related to the health care field because so many different options can be explored amongst health care positions. Health care is so wide that any job you get within the health care field one can always work its way up from transitioning to a better job or doing what it takes to learn more job functions that will better place you in a more prominent role. The political implications toward this bill are still in progress because the government has its pros and cons towards the bill and that is what is making Congress go through the things they have been going through since the acts inception. Political issues range in variety of ways from having President Obama name it Obama care and helping American citizens deal with Medicare and having the chance to pay for medical expenses. The most bizarre circumstances going on even now dealing with the provisions and updates is how Congress is dealing with the issue and how the house and senate are going about their decision making in the middle of the process. Patient Protection and Affordability Care Act Health Policy Paper Sample essay.

    Ethical implications stir up mix emotions from local all the way up to the national levels of hierarchy. People feel that with this act their government officials only help people that are in the rich class or over a specific age requirement and makes it harder for people who don’t fit a certain criteria to not have any say so whatsoever. Ethical considerations must be made for parents young having kids in their teens, people on disability shouldn’t have to fight for getting approved for Medicare and Medicaid at all in any situation because the one thing that everyone needs is health care insurance to cover bills and medications. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act causes a stir amongst people who are for it and people who are against it, but the question is what are people take on the act and how does it impact them on a daily basis.

     

    Proponent and Opponent Arguments

    Life will give you a lot of aspects and one thing is for certain, you will either agree with it or disagree with it. The same can be said about the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act that is currently in place. The group of people that are interested in the act is the everyday hard working man and woman who have a family to take care of and provide especially when it comes to health care funding. This act helps families and businesses alike to have health care coverage in place and also ways for them to get health care coverage if needed. People that are for it are also people with pre-existing health conditions.

    These group of people can’t help their health is in jeopardy so they always can rely on this particular bill to be implemented for their benefit. Americans can be at ease and know that insurance companies are held accountable for rate increases and trying to con citizens who are hard working and doing what is right. Health companies can’t cancel your health insurance at all if you so happen to get sick which is something no one can prevent from happening. The reason it benefits families because you get to pick your choice of doctor no matter what and allows you to receive free preventive screenings that can come beneficial for you in the long run to catching something before it becomes worse. College students are for this act as well because they can stay on their parents insurance until they are twenty six which is good because most young people form eighteen up until close to twenty six are pursuing their degree, masters degree, and then a good paying job that will benefit them from a monetary standpoint.

    The group of people who are against the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is mostly government officials and members of both the Republicans and some of the Democrats as well. The main issue from a political standpoint is based off the taxes and who gets taxed the most from this act and who it benefits the most. The middle class thinks it is unfair to tax them based off what they make more than the rich people who have the money and get taxed less. Rich people feel that they worked hard and it is not fair to get tax more than the middle class. Health care insurance agencies are against it when it comes down to the fact of money and who does it benefit the most between them and their clients. Health care providers can be a part of this group to because they always seem to be up to something that is not accurate or fair for their clients when they are trying to pursue health care coverage and benefits. One can argue that the PPACA really values what is known as patient safety and has implemented provisions in place for patients. The provisions in place really should show people who are for it and for people who are also against it what really matters first and that is patients. Patient Protection and Affordability Care Act Health Policy Paper Sample essay.

    “The passage of PPACA promises to take patient safety to the next level of regulatory intensity in American health care delivery, in part through the infusion of money into patient-safety research and into payment reforms in particular. PPACA has an astonishing variety of provisions aimed at improving the quality of the U.S. health care system, reducing errors, and generally promoting patient safety. These provisions include new centers, demonstration projects, and funding awards for a wide range of quality improvement initiatives. The Act sets out an ambitious research agenda for the United States and provides funding and other incentives to accomplish its goals. It establishes a mandate of continuous, .data-driven testing of the performance of health care professionals and facilities Patient Protection and Affordability Care Act Health Policy Paper Sample essay. It also launches “demonstration projects” through which the federal government funds particular forms of health care or health care delivery systems with a requirement that their performance be studied, often with the intent of examining their potential for wider adoption.” (Furrow, 2011) I think that the Patient Care and Affordability Act can be a force upon acts that have been implemented in the history of our country because of the nature of what is at stake and that is the assurance of health care coverage for all American citizens in the United States. Human Services plays an important role in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act because it focusing on impacting people in every form of patient interaction.

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    Human Services Perspective

    As a human services student, I feel it is very important that the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act are implemented to insure patients with the best services available in regards to healthcare coverage. One can argue that human services representatives are the first group of people that patients come into contact with in regards to services that are available to them and what is the best option to take amongst people needing health care. Human services look at how health care can impact people in need of benefits and medical expenses and also focus on the positive traits the act offers individuals.“First, the Act provides individuals with improved access to clinical preventive services. A major strategy is to remove cost as a barrier to these services, potentially opening new avenues toward health. For example, new private health plans and insurance policies (for plans or policy years beginning on or after September 23, 2010) are required to cover a range of recommended preventive services with no cost sharing by the beneficiary. Second, the law promotes wellness in the workplace, providing new health promotion opportunities for employers and employees. For example, the Act authorizes funds for grants for small businesses to provide comprehensive workplace wellness programs.” (Koh & Sebelius, 2010) Human services start with showing clients what can be offered for them in any situation and having direct access with clinical preventive services needed by anyone that seeks medical attention. Human services representatives can help with funding sources and dealing with helping patients find different references to help with the cost of anything medical in the health care industry. Human services definitely will impact the workplace and how workers are handled with health care benefits and coverage for employees. For example, Carolina Healthcare System being the biggest healthcare provider in North Carolina provides wellness programs that benefit employees and help them save money in the long run through different types of programs focused on the wellness aspects. These are two of the components that the act can do for individuals and the other two focuses on the community aspect and how human services can impact a patient life through their perspective communities.

    “Third, the Act strengthens the vital role of communities in promoting prevention. New initiative opportunities are designed to strengthen partnerships between local or state governments and community groups. For example, new Community Transformation Grants promise to improve nutrition, increase physical activity, promote smoking cessation and social and emotional wellness, and prioritize strategies to reduce health care disparities. Fourth, the Act elevates prevention as a national priority, providing unprecedented opportunities for promoting health through all policies. For example, a newly established National Prevention, Health Promotion, and Public Health Council, involving more than a dozen federal agencies, will develop a prevention and health promotion strategy for the country.” (Koh & Sebelius, 2010) The important component is having communities promote prevention in every regards when it comes to health and the overall goal of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The relationships between state and government have to include the services of Human Services representatives to bridge the gap and come to an understanding. National attention must be made aware of this bill because of the impact and significance it will have on this country for years to come but really because of the promotion to everyone that prevention and health promotion is the way to go for all Americans can be more alert about their health. One would agree with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act because of what it means to not just me but all citizens in need of reassurance of their health care status.

    Policy/Bill Recommendations

    “This act is the largest reform in health policy in the United States in more than 40 years and thus controversy regarding its implementation and potential for effectiveness will continue. Nurses have the opportunity to engage in the policy implementation of the PPACA through fellowships such as the Health and Aging Policy Fellowship, sponsored by Atlantic Philanthropies, and the Robert Wood Johnson Policy Fellowship. These are critical positions for professionals to work with federal and state administration and legislative branches of government and directly impact policy design and regulatory action. Geriatric nurses will be in the forefront of the potential these changes will have on improving the quality of care older adults received.” (Brody & Sullivan-Marx, 2012) Brody and Sullivan-Marx said it best about this act being the largest reform for the United States in the last forty years is a major accomplishments and shows how far the country has to go to even improve from here on out. I feel that this bill should be passed because of the importance of the overall bill and what is needed for Americans which is affordable health care where anyone can go to the doctor and afford their bills and be able to get the medication that is needed without any problems. The only recommendation I would advise is dealing with the tax situation and making it fair for all individuals not just the rich or poor but a well balance effort. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is one of the most prominent and successful acts that will forever go down as a force that changed the landscape of the health care industry for Americans around the world. Patient Protection and Affordability Care Act Health Policy Paper Sample essay.

    References

    Bondurant, E. J., & Henry, S. D. (2011). Constitutional challenges to the patient protection and affordable care act.
    Defense Counsel Journal,

    78
    (2), 249.

    Brody, A., & Sullivan-Marx, E. M. (2012). The patient protection and affordable care act: Implications for geriatric nurses and patients.
    Journal of Gerontological Nursing,

    38
    (11), 3. doi:10.3928/00989134-20121008-01

    Duhaime, S., Villarreal, A., Young, J., & Holt, G. R. (2012). Patient protection and affordable care act and physician’s assistants.
    Southern Medical Journal,

    105
    (11), 583. Patient Protection and Affordability Care Act Health Policy Paper Sample essay

    Furrow, B. R. (2011). Regulating patient safety: The patient protection and affordable care act.
    University of Pennsylvania Law Review,

    159
    (6), 1727.

    Gostin, L. O., & Garcia, K. K. (2012). Affordable care act litigation.(patient protection and affordable care act).
    JAMA, the Journal of the American Medical Association,

    307
    (4), 369.

    Harrington, S. E. (2010). U. S. health-care reform: The patient protection and affordable care act.
    The Journal of Risk and Insurance, 77
    (3), 703-708. doi:10.1111/j.1539-6975.2010.01371.x

    Hyman, W. B. (2012). An explanation of the patient protection and affordable care act. Ohio
    Northern University Law Review, 38
    (2), 579.

    Joyce Pulcini. (2013). Update on the patient protection and affordable care act.
    The American Journal of Nursing, 113
    (4), 25.

    Kizer, K. W. (2012). Veterans and the affordable care act.
    JAMA : The Journal of the American Medical Association, 307
    (8), 789-790. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.196

    Koh, H. K., & Sebelius, K. G. (2010). Promoting prevention through the affordable care act.
    The New England Journal of Medicine, 363
    (14), 1296-1299. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1008560 Patient Protection and Affordability Care Act Health Policy Paper Sample essay.

    Norris, S. (2012, August 27).
    The affordable care act and the economy
    . Retrieved from http://americaandtheglobaleconomy.wordpress.com/2012/08/27/the-affordable-care-act-and-the-economy/

    Ober, S., & Craven, G. (2011). The patient protection and affordable care act: The opportunities for nurses.
    Journal of Infusion Nursing, 34
    (1), 20-21. doi:10.1097/NAN.0b013e3182028915

    Singer, S., & Shortell, S. M. (2011). Implementing accountable care organizations.(patient protection and affordable care act).
    JAMA, the Journal of the American Medical Association, 306
    (7), 758.

    Tanner, M. (2013). The patient protection and affordable care act: A dissenting opinion.
    Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 34
    (1), 3-15. doi:10.1007/s10834-013-9350-7

    Health Policy Issue Paper Grading Rubric

    Student Name:                            Course/Section:                            Date:

    Criterion

    Points Possible

    Points

    Earned

    Instructor Comments

    ·         Problem/issue briefly discussed

    ·         Related legislation/bill identified

    ·         Name and number of bill provided

    ·         Individual who introduced bill noted

    ·         Current status of bill given (i.e., in committee, passed by house, etc.)

    ·         Main headings included

    30

    Patient Protection and Affordability Care Act Health Policy Paper Sample essay

    ·         History of bill, initial development and impetus for introduction of bill, etc. discussed

    ·         Pertinent literature review relevant to issue/problem included (i.e., if bill is related to the issue of HIV or teen pregnancy, present literature that validates this problem)

    ·         Social, economic, political, and ethical considerations/impact related to issue discussed

    50

    ·         Proponents (interest groups/individual) of bill listed and position discussed

    ·         Opponents (interest groups/individual) of bill listed and position discussed

    40

    ·         “Nursing” OR “human services” perspective on the issue and related bill presented

    ·         Internet, journal sources used (i.e., see role of Advanced Practice Nurses (Hamric)); ANA position statements, human services oriented institutions, organizations; Virginia Nurse Practice Act; Code of Ethics for Nursing, etc.)

    ·         Personal views about issue/proposed legislation given

    50

    ·         Expanded on comments about the bill given in the introduction (may include actual bill document retrieved from Internet as an appendix)

    ·         Student recommendations if bill should be passed in current form discussed (why/why not)

    ·         Student recommendations for revision of elimination given

    50

    ·         Current APA formatting

    ·         Correct spelling, grammar, and sentence structure used

    ·         Flow of ideas are well organized, coherent, and thorough

    30

    Total

    250

  • Health Policy Paper Sample Essays

    Health Policy Paper Sample Essays

    Directions for Health Policy Paper:

    Objective: To identify and discuss a state or national health policy and analyze its impact.

    Pick a State of Federal Health Policy (these can be obtained by going to the NJ State Legislative website or a federal

    website. You may choose either a current policy or one that has been enacted into law.

    Identify the Title and bill number.

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    Briefly describe the policy and its main goals.

    Who are the sponsors?

    For what population or disparity is this policy to serve?

    Identify what ethical principles are involved from your reading of the bill or legislation?

    Complete a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats)

    Discuss the benefits and disadvantages of the policy.

    Review the policy implications for nursing practice. Use concrete examples.

    What concrete measures could improve the policy? Health Policy Paper Sample Essays

    Who supports and who opposes this policy?

    Provide a summary and address the ethical issues as well as the advocacy issues for this policy.

    Peer Reviewed References

    APA format

    Turnitin Originality Report required.

    NURS 502 Advocacy, Policy & Ethical Legal Issues in Healthcare Grading Rubric

    Content of the Report and Grading Criteria Achievable

    Points

    Points

    Earned

    Identify the Title and Bill Number 1

    Briefly describe the policy and its main goals. 2

    Who are the sponsors? 2

    For what population or disparity is this to serve? 10

    Content of the Report and Grading Criteria Achievable

    Points

    Points

    Earned

    Identify what ethical principles are involved from your reading of the bill or legislation? 10

    Complete a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) 20

    Discuss the benefits and disadvantages of the policy. 10

    Review the policy implications for nursing practice-use concrete examples 10

    What concrete measures could improve the policy? 5

    Who supports and who opposes this policy? 5 Health Policy Paper Sample Essays

    Provide a summary and address the ethical issues as well as the advocacy issues for this policy. 15

    Peer Reviewed References 5

    Correct APA Format – Spelling, grammar, punctuation, sentence structure. Refer to the along

    with the Originality Report in the course drop box/folder along with the written report.

    5

    Turnitin Originality Report required (Score no greater than 15% accepted)

    Role of APRNs in Improving Access to Maternity Care Health Policy Paper

    Patient Protection and Affordability Care Act Health Policy Paper Sample essay

    Pre-Screening for Medicaid Health Policy Paper essay example

    Diabetes bill – Health Policy Paper

    Health Policy Paper Sample Essays

  • Role of APRNs in Improving Access to Maternity Care Health Policy Paper

    Role of APRNs in Improving Access to Maternity Care Health Policy Paper

    Introduction to the Problem

    Maternal care is an essential aspect of promoting the health of women during their pregnancy, childbirth, and finally their postpartum period. It aims to reduce maternal mortality and morbidity in some cases and in most cases the aim is to provide a fulfilling and positive experience through a number of health care dimensions which are; family planning, preconception, prenatal, and postnatal care. However, in most countries, there are areas where women are unable to receive maternity care at various stages due to various factors such as the lack of adequate numbers of maternal health care professionals (World Health Organization, 2017). Role of APRNs in Improving Access to Maternity Care Health Policy Paper.

    ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

    In the United States, rural areas are one area where the inadequate numbers of maternity health care professionals is limiting the access of women to maternal health care. This problem can be seen in the fact that in rural areas, maternal mortality is significantly higher. Data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that in most rural areas the maternal mortality rate was 29.4 per 100,000 live births whereas in the large central metropolitan areas it was 18.2. Furthermore, the problem of inadequate maternal health care professionals has been getting worse. 45 out of the 54 rural counties were providing obstetrical services in 1980 and presently, this number has dropped to 16. Role of APRNs in Improving Access to Maternity Care Health Policy Paper. Consequently, a number of women are further away from obtaining obstetrical services and the distance serves as an inhibitor to their seeking of maternal health services (Maron, 2017).

    The Policy

    The Improving Access to Maternity Care Act of 2017 seeks to provide solutions to this problem by identifying geographic areas which have a shortage of maternity care health professionals based on collected data. Having identified the areas, the Health Resources and Services Administration will be required to distribute maternity care health professionals to the geographic target areas identified as being in need.

    This Act attempts to address the problems that result from the inadequate number of health care professionals by trying to ensure that women in disadvantaged areas such as rural areas are able to access maternity care within their vicinity. This avoids the current situation where women are discouraged by the distance between them and the professionals, which they, therefore, opt not to seek maternity care services. Role of APRNs in Improving Access to Maternity Care Health Policy Paper.

    Specific Legislators Involved in the Policy Development

    The bill was introduced and referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce in the House of Representatives on January 5, 2017 by Mr. Michael C. Burgess, Ms. Anna Eshoo, and Mrs. Lucille Roybal-Allard.

    Role of APRN in Assisting With the Policy

    One of the factors that have contributed to the shortage of health professionals in maternity care is physician specialization and this has resulted in fewer physicians being able to carry out primary care. Obstetrician-gynecologists are sometimes considered in the category of primary care physicians. There has been a decline in physicians practicing primary care from half of the nation’s physicians in 1960 to less than one in three physicians currently. Moreover, the U.S. is lagging behind other industrialized countries, which have fifty to seventy percent of physicians practicing primary care (Aiken & Sage, 2015). Therefore, this shortage means that it is much more difficult for physicians to be transferred to the areas facing shortages in maternity care health professionals.

    Advanced practice nurses are trained to deliver cost-effective and high-quality primary care (Alken & Sage, 2015). Consequently, APRNs are best suited to cover the shortage in these geographical areas such as rural areas. In the absence of physicians, APRN’s are able to deliver primary care to their patients and to implement this policy, the government will require to consider the key role and impact APRNs will have in delivering maternity care in these shortage-stricken areas Role of APRNs in Improving Access to Maternity Care Health Policy Paper.

    How the Policy Influences Clinical Practices and Promotes Best Outcomes

    Currently, only six percent of obstetrician-gynecologists in the nation work in rural areas and this is insufficient to serve the fifteen percent of the country’s population currently living in rural America. As a result, these extreme access problems lead to women making difficult decisions such as preemptively choosing caesarean sections births which is more risky than natural childbirth as they fear they will be unable to make it to the hospital in time once they begin labor (Maron, 2017).

    This policy ensures that women have a reasonable access to maternity care during prenatal, birthing, and postpartum. This reduces the maternity mortality rates and promotes the general well-being of the mother and her child.

    Use of the Policy by the Interprofessional Team

    The success of this policy hinges on the easing of restrictions on nurses providing maternity care. APRNs require to be provided with more freedom to make their own decisions pertaining to their patients without requiring the input of physicians (Olive, 2016). The interprofessonal team requires to recognize the capabilities of nurses in making their own decisions and this will enable more patients to have access to comprehensive care due to the widened scope created by the increased freedom of the nurses.

    Conclusion

    The Improving Access to Maternity Care Act of 2017 seeks to provide solutions to the problems that result from women failing to access maternity care due to the shortage of maternity care health professionals in some areas. This problem leads to the increased mortality in the areas affected by this shortage such as rural areas. The act seeks to have maternity care health professionals redistributed to the areas in need of them. However, with the current nationwide shortage in primary care physicians, APRNS are the best option to actualize this policy. With their extensive training in providing primary care, APRNs can be deployed in the areas facing this shortage and this will ultimately promote the best outcomes for patients who would normally be forced to make risky decisions due to the absence of care. However, for this to be successful, it is necessary for physicians and other members of the interprofessional team to recognize the nurses’ capabilities in actualizing this role and to accord them with more freedoms in undertaking their duties. Role of APRNs in Improving Access to Maternity Care Health Policy Paper.

    References

    Aiken, L. H., & Sage, W. M. (2015). Staffing national health care reform: a role for advanced practice nurses.
    Akron Law Review, 26
    (3), 187-211.

    Maron, D. F. (2017, February 15).
    Maternal health care is disappearing in rural america
    . Retrieved from Scientific American: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/maternal-health-care-is-disappearing-in-rural-america/

    Olive, M. (2016, August 15).
    A shortage in the nation’s maternal health care
    . Retrieved from The PEW Charitable Trusts: www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/statelibe/2016/08/15/a-shortage-in-the-nations-maternal-health-care

    World Health Organization. (2017).
    Maternal health
    . Retrieved from World Health Organization: www.who.int/topics/maternal_health/en/ Role of APRNs in Improving Access to Maternity Care Health Policy Paper

  • Diabetes bill – Health Policy Paper

    Diabetes bill – Health Policy Paper

    A report published by Florida Diabetes Advisory Council (FDAC), stated that almost 2.4 million individuals are diagnosed with diabetes and 5.8 million are pre-diabetic in the State of Florida (FDAC, 2017). The incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in younger ages (0 to 17) has increased recently. In SFY 09/10, the number of children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes was 2,486 and 2,756 individuals were diagnosed with type 2 (FDAC, 2017).

    ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

    According to the Florida Diabetes Advisory Council (FDAC) in year 2013, 87.2 percent of the individuals have insurance coverage. In the year 2016, due to increasing cost of healthcare 1 out 5 patients did not access health irrespective of diabetic status (FDAC, 2017).  The National Child Health Survey in U.S. estimated that almost 228,480 children between the ages of 0 to 17 are suffering from diabetes.  In Florida 12,400 children and 2.4 million individuals are suffering from diabetes (FDAC, 2017) Diabetes bill – Health Policy Paper.

    Almost 12% of the adults in America have diabetes, which imposes health and economic burden on the patient as well as the society (Konchak, Moran, O’Brien, Kandula, & Ackermann, 2016). There is strong evidence available that the prevention of diabetes can be enhanced through policy changes, lifestyle modification and modification in healthcare system on the basis of the Affordable Care Act. The ACA is one of the most important legislative acts that have been implemented after Medicare. The major agent of Affordable Care Act was to provide coverage, enhance the quality of care and increase accessibility of healthcare, but it has also benefited the people suffering from diabetes.

    “Diabetes is also a major epidemic disease in the United States. Approximately 79 million U.S. citizens have either diabetes or pre-diabetes” (Burge & Schade, 2014). The bill “The Catalyst to Better Diabetes Care Act” directs the Department of Health and Human Services and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to improve the quality of diabetes surveillance and the quality of care provided throughout the country to the patients Diabetes bill – Health Policy Paper. The reports direct the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to enhance the healthcare services related to diabetes in two ways, which are as follows

    To prepare publically national diabetes report cards for each state after every 2 years.

    To calculate the impact of diabetes on medicine practice and the amount of knowledge that will be required prior to practitioner licensure and board certification (Burge & Schade, 2014).

    If this bill is enacted in the State of Florida, it will be beneficial for diabetic patients, as the population of diabetic patients is tremendously increasing. This bill will enable the policymakers to see a big picture of the individual and economic burden of diabetes. The healthcare bodies needs to implement new initiatives, in order to prevent, manage and overcome the disease. The disease is affecting the youth and endangering the future. Therefore certain initiatives should be taken, in order to detect the disease early and prevent its incidence in childhood.

    The above-mentioned bill should be enacted, in order to make the control, prevention, and treatment of diabetes better for the people of Florida. Therefore, I would like to provide assistance in enacting the bill and make any changes for the betterment of healthcare system of Florida. I appreciate all the hard work you have done for the people of Florida and I support your hard work. Diabetes bill – Health Policy Paper.

    Sincerely,

    References

    Burge, M. R., & Schade, D. S. (2014). Diabetes and the Affordable Care Act.

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Diabetes report card 2012: national and state profile of diabetes and its complications. 
    Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services
    .

    Civic Impulse. (2017).
    H.R. 1402 — 111th Congress: Catalyst to Better Diabetes Care Act of 2009.
    Retrieved from https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/111/hr1402

    Congress.gov. (2017). 
    Committees – H.R.1402 – 111th Congress (2009-2010): Catalyst to Better Diabetes Care Act of 2009
    . 
    Congress.gov
    . Retrieved from https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/1402/committees Diabetes bill – Health Policy Paper

    Florida Diabetes Advisory Council. (2017). 
    Florida Diabetes Report 2017.

    Floridahealth.gov
    . Retrieved 25 November 2017, from http://www.floridahealth.gov/provider-and-partner-resources/dac/_documents/dac-report-january2017.pdf

    Flsenate.gov. (2017). 
    House Bill 335 (2017) – The Florida Senate
    . 
    Flsenate.gov
    . Retrieved 25 November 2017, from https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2016/335

    Flsenate.gov. (2017). 
    House Bill 335 (2018) – The Florida Senate
    . 
    Flsenate.gov
    . Retrieved 25 November 2017, from https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2016/335

    Flsenate.gov. (2017). 
    House Bill 561 (2018) – The Florida Senate
    . 
    Flsenate.gov
    . Retrieved 25 November 2017, from https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2018/00561

    Flsenate.gov. (2017). 
    House Bill 967 (2016) – The Florida Senate
    . 
    Flsenate.gov
    . Retrieved 25 November 2017, from https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2016/967

    Flsenate.gov. (2017). 
    Senate Bill 1286 (2018) – The Florida Senate
    . 
    Flsenate.gov
    . Retrieved from https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2018/001286

    Flsenate.gov. (2017). 
    Senate Bill 1578 (2017) – The Florida Senate
    . 
    Flsenate.gov
    . Retrieved from https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2018/001578

    Flsenate.gov. (2017). 
    Senate Bill 422 (2018) – The Florida Senate
    . 
    Flsenate.gov
    . Retrieved from https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2018/00422

    Flsenate.gov. (2017). 
    Senate Bill 424 (2018) – The Florida Senate
    . 
    Flsenate.gov
    . Retrieved from https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2018/00424 Diabetes bill – Health Policy Paper

    Flsenate.gov. (2017). 
    Senate Bill 754 (2018) – The Florida Senate
    . 
    Flsenate.gov
    . Retrieved from https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2018/00754

    Flsenate.gov. (2017). 
    Senate Bill 758 (2018) – The Florida Senate
    . 
    Flsenate.gov
    . Retrieved from https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2018/00758

    Konchak, J. N., Moran, M. R., O’Brien, M. J., Kandula, N. R., & Ackermann, R. T. (2016). The state of diabetes prevention policy in the USA following the affordable care act. 
    Current diabetes reports
    , 
    16
    (6), 55.

    Klonoff, D. C. (2008). The “Catalyst to Better Diabetes Care Act of 2007”.

    National Conference of State Legislatures. (2011).
    Federal Health Reform Provisions Related to Diabetes. Ncsl.org.
    Retrieved from http://www.ncsl.org/portals/1/documents/health/DiabetesinHR511.pdf

    Powers, A. C., Wexler, J. A., Lash, R. W., Dyer, M. C., Becker, M. N., & Vigersky, R. A. (2016). Affordable Care Act Implementation: Challenges and Opportunities to Impact Patients With Diabetes. 
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
    , 
    101
    (4), 1315-1317. Diabetes bill – Health Policy Paper