Tag: Clinical-Nursing

OUMH1203 ENGLISH FOR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION SAMPLE ESSAY

 

FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

BACHELOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT (BOHSM) (HONS)

 

ENGLISH FOR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

 
 

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Table of Contents

Question 1 : The rising levels of congestion and air pollution found in most of the world cities is due to the rapidly increasing number of private cars in use. Do you think the use of public transport can encourage people to use their car less? Discuss possible ways to encourage public to use the public transport.                 2

 

Question 2 : Today our community is composed of people of diverse backgrounds.  Write an essay explaining how people of diverse backgrounds can get along better.                                                                           4

 

Question 3 : Recently in the media, the Deputy Prime Minister, Tan Sri Muhyidin Yassin talked about the use of textbooks in electronic form in schools in order to prepare Malaysian students for the 21st century. Do you think Malaysia is ready to change students’ textbooks to electronic medium? State your opinions.            6

 

Question 4 : Do you think technology is making communication easier in today’s world? Discuss.               8

 

Question 5 : Based on your life experiences, do share what is the most memorable moment you have ever faced? Write your story.                                                                                                                                                  10

 

 

Question 1 : The rising levels of congestion and air pollution found in most of the world cities is due to the rapidly increasing number of private cars in use. Do you think the use of public transport can encourage people to use their car less? Discuss possible ways to encourage public to use the public transport. OUMH1203 ENGLISH FOR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION SAMPLE ESSAY

 

It is a well known fact that air pollution and congestion is rising at an alarming level not only in Malaysia but in many countries due to globalization and not to forget the affordability of locally assembled cars at this point in time. It is now a norm for almost every working adult to own a car. It has become a necessity rather than a luxury.

One of the ways to encourage the use of public transports is to have a system that is cheap, on time, and reliable. For most working adults, the reliability of public transport is crucial in ensuring punctuality. Reliability here means that the bus, train, shuttles are regular and on time. If one breaks down, there is always a backup plan. Government should set dedicated bus route and increase the number of bus stops in the most of communities, business centre’s, office buildings, warehouses,  and shopping malls.

Besides bus stops and bus routes, the train system should also be efficient in timing and comfort. Having an overload in a train is definitely not wise when it comes to safety and also encourages theft. Frequent trains during peak hours will ease the congestion in a train. Security system in train stations and bus station will definitely help gain confidence of the public to use public transport more frequently.

Another way to encourage the use of public transport would be for the government to come up with attractive monthly packages for the use of busses and trains. The packages can vary based on locations or the type of transport one uses. The government can play a role in media advertising to help the people realize, how much they save in terms of parking, toll, petrol and vehicle maintenance. A simple calculation will show that they save up to hundreds in a month. Besides educating the public on cost saving methods, it would also go well to talk about environment and how they are helping by reducing carbon emissions.

One other crucial need in encouraging the use of public transport is definitely the need for parking space at bus stations or train stations. As much as we want people to use public transport, we have to acknowledge the fact that not every housing area has that made available to them. For people in this situation, they definitely need to be able to reach the nearest station, park and then hop on to a public transport. This could be one way to get more people to hop on to public transport mid way rather than drive all the way to work.

To conclude, only when there is more convenience in logistic, more responsiveness in delivering service and more punctuation in schedule, the people will give up their old habit of going by their own vehicle. Though it might be tough to get people to start taking public transport, there are many ways to convince them. Education and the availability of safe and reliable method is available, it certainly helps to get more and more people to take trains and busses.

Q1 total words : 511 words

References

Suruhanjaya Pengangkutan Awam Darat

www.spad.gov.my

Question 2 : Today our community is composed of people of diverse backgrounds.  Write an essay explaining how people of diverse backgrounds can get along better.

 

Malaysia is a country where its population is made of people from diverse ethnic groups and religion. The people of Malaysia live in a unique situation where people every ethnicity have about their own culture, traditions, food, traditional costume and language. Most people are usually comfortable or have accepted the traditions or the language of the others. But to some who are new to certain parts of the country, this could be uncomfortable or even challenging to adapt. It is very important, to get everyone get along well with one another, whether it is at home or at work.

 

One of the simplest way to get along well with people of different race, culture, ethnic, and religious beliefs is to treat one another without any bias, being colorblind and most importantly, equality. One can always start a relationship/friendship by talking about common ground like hobbies, movies, music, traveling, and other interests. All these topics are door openers to bigger conversations and forging relationships. This is a great way to becoming close to a person without being afraid to have insulted them. Common topics are great ways to learn about how another person thinks and their likes and dislikes. From there, it will be much easier to get into conversations that are a little bit more personal like traditions, language and customs. OUMH1203 ENGLISH FOR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION SAMPLE ESSAY

 

One should not be too afraid of the other person from a different background. Once a friendship is formed, one should not be afraid to ask questions. A lot can be learned by asking questions, though one should thread lightly on this. There are also other ways to gain information, like asking others in the community to understand better or even the internet. In some places, there are tourist centres/information centres that provides information on the locals from the food to eat, belief system and traditions. However, one should know exactly what they are looking for before embarking on a fact finding journey. Example, in Melaka, there are folks from the Baba Nyonya and also Peranakan clan. You do not just go and search information on Chinese folks in Melaka.

 

In learning about one’s culture, you may come across many surprises or things that cant fathom to be true. There will be a lot of things that you find hard to belief or understand as they are way different from what you are exposed to or what you are brought up to belief in. What you just learned or understood is not something that can be easily erased, or to be denied. So its important that we come to respect what others belief in for the very purpose of forging a friendship. Its crucial to remember that as much as we find certain customs and belief of others to be surprising or unbelievable, people from other culture might feel the same of us. And they too, for the sake of friendship will refrain to argue with us about our culture. Sometimes, it is helpful to just ask them, how certain beliefs come about. Perhaps with their explanation, then it will help us understand.

 

Malaysia, the land of many beautiful customs, religions and beliefs, has so much of diversity among its citizens. It is very important that everyone starts with the basics, which is forging a friendship among its people and to learn and understand their beliefs and customs. With respect for each other in terms of culture and customs, people will get along well and live in harmony. Much can be achieved with something as simple as respect and understanding. We might differ as person with different skin color and race, but in the end, we are all of human race.

 

Q2 total words : 612

References

Countries and their cultures

www.everyculture.com/Ja-Ma/Malaysia.html

 

 

Question 3 : Recently in the media, the Deputy Prime Minister, Tan Sri Muhyidin Yassin talked about the use of textbooks in electronic form in schools in order to prepare Malaysian students for the 21st century. Do you think Malaysia is ready to change students’ textbooks to electronic medium? State your opinions.

 

An electronic textbook (e-Textbook) is a digitized or also known as electronic form of textbook, which normally needs an endorsement by the national or state government when it is used in the K-12 education system. This system has been envisioned to take the place of the current paper-based textbooks in school curriculum. It is currently the preferred way and common choice of teaching and learning tool for the future. In UK, USA and Australia, schools have started pilot testing using technological devices like Apple®’s iPad and Amazon®’s Kindle® to convert the content of paper-based textbooks to e-Textbooks. As much as this seems like the way to the future learning, its introduction in Malaysian system will still be a challenge.

The shift from paper-based textbooks to e-textbooks is something that will incur a large amount of investment and this itself is a major concern. For example, the ability to have software’s and hardwares installed to be able to work on the existing computer platforms in the respective schools. Besides that, there is also the concern of network infrastructure, and supporting equipments and the investment of installation and testing all this thing to ensure the final product is in good working condition. We need to bear in mind, the cost that would incur for maintenance, updates and the most important, the access to internet. OUMH1203 ENGLISH FOR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION SAMPLE ESSAY

When we talk about upgrade, its not just limited to the software, the hardware too will need upgrading as the software depends on the hardware to work. Both hardware and software have to be able to work seamlessly for students to be able to have access to their materials. This is called reliability and when there is lack of reliability, it often results in inconvenience and that means students are not being able to learn as they no longer have access to learning materials/tools. This does not just happen when there is incompatibility. It also happens when there is device failure, operating system glitch, no strong internet connection as well as power interruption. Both the teacher and student will not be able to function without access to their materials. Depending on internet services in rural areas would also be challenge due to slow internet upload/download speed because of the bandwidth consumption.

Another important element that may cause worry among parents will the prolonged exposure to radiation and its long term effects to health. Another concern among parents would be the devices having a small screen size. There are some research that is being conducted on the effect of using ipads/kindle that causes eye fatigue. Studies also show that paper-based textbooks are easier to browse and read. A research by Nielsen and Krug shows that the reading process can be 25% – 40% slower from a screen compared to on printed page  (Robinson, 2011). Another study (Mercieca, 2004)  shows that students have reluctance to use e-textbooks as they perceive it to be difficult in reading electronic text.

As much as e-textbooks is the future of learning both in Malaysia and other countries, there has to be more studies done and proper project planning to ensure this transition takes place smoothly and is seamless upon execution. Bear in mind, its not only the students who need to embrace the change, we need to remember that the teachers too play a big role in this and they too need to be ready and be able to handle the technology when the time comes.

Q3 total words : 575 words

References

https://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/eserv/rmit:3208/n2004002718.pdf

files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1008864.pdf

 

 

Question 4 : Do you think technology is making communication easier in today’s world? Discuss.

 

 

In today’s world, technology has advanced a lot, that everywhere you go, you will not fail to see tablets and smart phones in use. With communication technology, people are connected around the world through computer, smart phones and tablets. It has made communications to be simple, easy and fast with someone on the other side of the world. The communication methods that is available right now varies from emails, instant messengers, video conferencing, group messaging and voice chats. OUMH1203 ENGLISH FOR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION SAMPLE ESSAY

 

 

One may ask, how has technology made communication easier? The most obvious one would be the speed and cost. The existence of Internet has brought about all possibilities as mentioned earlier. Previously, a document has to be typed on a type writer before the final version is approved (in terms of official documents). Sending the letter across required a fax service or a visit to the post office which would need us to get an envelope and buy stamps. This are all cost and delivery takes perhaps a day or two depending on the distance. With emails, it just takes a matter or seconds to have a letter emailed across.

 

Technology has also help improve the quality of communication. Translation of a text of a foreign language, looking up meaning of words, checking appointments on calendars, converting currencies and research for information can be done with a click of a mouse. Access to information is so easy, simple and fast. Also, technology allows easy storage and retrieval of communication when needed as compared to looking up for data in a huge metal cabinet filled with folders.

 

Advancement in technology has also made communication easier by allowing people to communicate from anywhere as long as they have connection with a network. Existence of high quality communication over phones, video conferencing has eliminated the need of face-to-face communications and this leads to a huge amount of savings in terns of traveling and most importantly it saves time. Accessibility to information is also fast now. Memo’s, updates and privileged information gets to be accessed faster now as compared to before.

 

Another significant area where technology has made communication easier and has helped organizations a lot is in the area of customer service. Clients no longer have to que long hours or wait very long for getting questions answered or to even lodge a complaint. Most organizations has made it easy by offering online feedback forums, emails for after service/after sales or some even have live chats. Most organizations even have software’s to keep track of customer information and being able to communicate with clients fast and efficiently.

 

 

Technology has brought much changes to the way we communicate. It has made communication much easier, faster, cheaper when one can cut down the cost of traveling for meetings, increased resource and good quality which allows quick correction if mistakes are made. To certain extent, technology has also allowed humans to be able to maintain working/personal relationships with the existence of social media, group messaging systems and video conferencing.

 

Q4 total words : 502 words

 

References

http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/technology

http://www.english-test.net/forum/ftopic90402.html

http://science.opposingviews.com/technology-made-communication-better-1926.html OUMH1203 ENGLISH FOR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION SAMPLE ESSAY

 

 

 

 

 

Question 5 : Based on your life experiences, do share what is the most memorable moment you have ever faced? Write your story.

 

 

In 2009, I had the opportunity to attend a program called MAPS National Convention organized by an NGO called Malaysian Association of Professional Speakers. It was at this event that I had the chance to see AirAsia CEO, Tony Fernandez up-close and hear him speak of his life experiences. It was this event that I had an eye opener and my life changed for the better. To date, that is my most memorable moment as it helped me become a positive person.

 

In the talk, Tony Fernandes spoke about his life experiences. He described his life journey with his education and then his work experience. One of the job that he did that gave him the confidence later on was the fact that he did work with Virgin Records in London that is owned by Richard Branson. He came from a finance/accounting background. Back in Malaysia, he was with Warner Music for a little way before embarking the journey with AirAsia towards the end of 2001. OUMH1203 ENGLISH FOR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION SAMPLE ESSAY

 

When he bought over AirAsia, this airline was struggling and heavily indebted subsidiary of the Malaysian Government owned DRB-Hicom. He had to start out by mortgaging his own and used up his own personal savings in the buy over. About a year after taking over he managed to settle the debts and AirAsia started to grow and expand. About 5 years after kick starting AirAsia to new heights, he then started off the hotel chain Tune Hotels based on the no frills concept.

 

Tony emphasizes, that what got him going was his dream. He knew that this was something that he could do though it sounded extremely crazy and impossible before he started off AirAsia. He said being able to achieve his dreams was because he had the courage to start and see it through. Determination and hard work kept it going. It was then that it struck me, that with limited resources and bleak future, one can still turn things around and make a success out of it. It’s all about whether looking at it positively or giving up because thinking its impossible.

 

I remember, in his speech, Tony said, everyone should pursue their passion. Because when you are passionate about what you do, chances are that you will do it extremely well and achieve great success out of it. Even if you are at a spot where you are not able to pursue your dreams and passion yet, one should not give up on it. Opportunity comes out of a sudden without warning. Tony insists that one should always find ways to look at things positively no matter how tough the situation is. He lived with this belief ‘You have only one life; live out your dream!’. He was asked by someone in the audience, what happens when something goes wrong? And he answered, ‘just change what is wrong – focus on survival and keep growing’.

Lastly, he left the audience with his powerful quote that I remind myself everyday that nothing is impossible ‘Dream the Impossible, Believe the Unbelievable, and Never take No for an Answer’. To date, its his words that has changed me to have a positive outlook in life and to dream big and to never give up.

Q5 total words : 562 words  OUMH1203 ENGLISH FOR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION SAMPLE ESSAY

NURS 6050 Assignment: Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief

Assignment: Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief

It may seem to you that healthcare has been a national topic of debate among political leaders for as long as you can remember.

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Healthcare has been a policy item and a topic of debate not only in recent times but as far back as the administration of the second U.S. president, John Adams. In 1798, Adams signed legislation requiring that 20 cents per month of a sailor’s paycheck be set aside for covering their medical bills. This represented the first major piece of U.S. healthcare legislation, and the topic of healthcare has been woven into presidential agendas and political debate ever since. NURS 6050 Assignment: Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief

As a healthcare professional, you may be called upon to provide expertise, guidance and/or opinions on healthcare matters as they are debated for inclusion into new policy. You may also be involved in planning new organizational policy and responses to changes in legislation. For all of these reasons you should be prepared to speak to national healthcare issues making the news.

In this Assignment, you will analyze recent presidential healthcare agendas. You also will prepare a fact sheet to communicate the importance of a healthcare issue and the impact on this issue of recent or proposed policy.

The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Comparison Grid, 1-Page Analysis, and 1-page Fact Sheet)

Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid

Use the Agenda Comparison Grid Template found in the Learning Resources and complete the Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid based on the current/sitting U.S. president and the two previous presidential administrations and their agendas related to the public health concern you selected. Be sure to address the following:

· Identify and provide a brief description of the population health concern you selected and the factors that contribute to it. NURS 6050 Assignment: Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief

· Describe the administrative agenda focus related to the issue you selected.

· Identify the allocations of financial and other resources that the current and two previous presidents dedicated to this issue.

· Explain how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue.

(A draft of Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid should be posted to the Module 1 Discussion Board by Day 3 of Week 1.)

Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis

Using the information you recorded in Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid on the template, complete the Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis portion of the template, by addressing the following:

· Which administrative agency would most likely be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected?

· How do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on the agenda for the current and two previous presidents? How does it stay there?

· Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue you selected for the current and two previous presidents? NURS 6050 Assignment: Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief

Part 3: Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief (THIS PART IS NEEDED)

Based on the feedback that you received from your colleagues in the Discussion, revise Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid and Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis.

Then, using the information recorded on the template in Parts 1 and 2, develop a 1-page Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief that you could use to communicate with a policymaker/legislator or a member of their staff for this healthcare issue. You can use Microsoft Word or PowerPoint to create your Fact Sheet or Talking Point Brief. Be sure to address the following:

· Summarize why this healthcare issue is important and should be included in the agenda for legislation.

· Justify the role of the nurse in agenda setting for healthcare issues. NURS 6050 Assignment: Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief

OUMH1203 ENGLISH FOR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION ASSIGNMENT

 

OUMH1203

ENGLISH FOR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

SEMESTER SEPTEMBER 2019

 

 

SPECIFIC INSTRUCTION

 

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Answer in
English
.

 

Number of words :
2500 – 3000 words excluding
  

 

Submit your assignment
ONCE
only in a
SINGLE
file
.

 

Submit your assignment

 

Submission date :
4 November 2019 until 17 November 2019

 

This assignment accounts for
60%
of the total marks for the course.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ASSIGNMENT QUESTION

 

This assignment is intended to give you practice in academic writing.  It requires you to refer to materials / articles and include relevant ideas and quotes in your essay.  You are also required to acknowledge ideas and concepts from sources to be included in your writing.

 

TOPIC

The education inequality does exist in Malaysia. Many rural schools in this country are so isolated that the students are not aware of scholarships and grants available to them.

To what extent do you agree with this statement? Is there any gap between urban and rural schools?

Discuss the issue and give suggestions on how to help the rural school students to get the information and the aspiration to further their studies and achieve their goals. OUMH1203 ENGLISH FOR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

TASK

For this assignment, you need to:

Prepare an outline for your essay (must be submitted with the essay).

Write an essay and discuss the following issues related to the above topic and give reasons for your suggestions / opinions.

 

Notice:

Write your
own
outline, essay, and avoid plagiarism. The content of the essay
must
be written based on the essay outline that you have prepared. Please refer to the sequenced and numbered outline format stated on page 27
(3.1 Planning to Write Essays)
of the OUMH1203 module and refer to the attached sample outline format.

 

Support your discussion with evidence drawn from a review of current and related literature (2012 – 2019). Use the APA format for in – text citations and the reference list.

Refer to the assignment rubrics as a guide to achieve cohesion and coherence.

 [Total: 60 marks]

 

SAMPLE OUTLINE FORMAT

 

Title of Essay

 

Introduction

            Introduction to the topic

Thesis Statement

 

Topic Sentence 1

Supporting Detail

Example

a) Sub-example (if any)

 

Topic Sentence 2 (same structure for Topic Sentence 3 and so on)

Supporting Detail

Example

a) Sub-example (if any)

 

III.    Conclusion

The conclusion of the essay

 

 

 

 

ATTACHMENT

OUMH1203 ENGLISH FOR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION ASSIGNMENT RUBRICS

OUMH1203 ENGLISH FOR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION / SEPTEMBER 2019

 

Criteria

 

Weight

Excellent

Good

Fair

Poor

Unsatisfactory

Or

No response

Max Marks

4

3

2

1

0

Essay Outline

 

2.5

 

Correct and accurate format.

 

 

 

 

Details are placed in a logical order and the way they are presented effectively makes the outline very interesting.

Parts of the format are correct.

 

 

 

Details are placed in a logical order, but the way in which they are presented sometimes makes the outline less interesting.

The content and the organisation of ideas in the outline are weak. The format is wrong.

 

Some details are not in a logical or expected order, and this distracts the organisation of the outline.

 

Outline is poorly written and the format is wrong.

 

 

 

Many details are not in a logical or expected order. The outline is unorganised.

No proper use of outline format.

 

10

Introduction

2

 

 

The introduction very clearly states the thesis statement and previews the structure of the paper.

The introduction clearly states the thesis statement and previews the structure of the paper.

 

The introduction states the thesis statement, but does not adequately preview the structure of the paper.

There is no clear introduction of the main topic or structure of the paper.

 

Introduction presents no purpose.

 

8

Content:

Discussion on the gap between urban and rural schools

2.5

Fully addresses all aspects of the writing assignment.

 

 

 

Ideas are organised logically and coherently.

Adequately addresses the writing assignment.

 

 

 

Some ideas may not be arranged logically and coherently.

Generally writes about the topic but with a few digressions in parts of the writing.

 

Ideas may not be arranged logically and coherently.

Some attempt to address the writing assignment.

 

 

 

Organisation of ideas lacks clarity and may lead to confusion.

 

A weak attempt at addressing the writing assignment.

 

 

10

Content:

Discussion on the issue and suggestions on how to help the rural school students

2.5

Full and rich development of the content.

 

 

Main points are relevant and extended satisfactorily with the support of relevant details.

Clear and complete development of content.

 

 

Main points are relevant and extended adequately with the support of relevant details.

 

 

 

Development of content is adequate.

 

 

Some main points may not be fully extended; supporting details may not be relevant or adequate.

 

Development of content is limited, may be incomplete or unclear.

 

Most main points are not fully extended, serious lack of supporting details.

 

 

OUMH1203 ENGLISH FOR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

Off – topic for the most part.

 

10

Conclusion

2

Conclusion skillfully reinforces thesis and gives closure to essay.

The conclusion is recognizable and ties up almost all the loose ends.

The conclusion is recognizable, but does not tie up several loose ends.

Conclusion is weak.

Conclusion is out of topic / unrecognisable.

8

 
Language/

Sentence Skills

2

Sentence style fits the paper’s purpose. Sentences are varied, yet clearly structured and carefully focused.

 

 

Language is excellent with hardly any error in grammar, lexical choice and punctuation.

 

Sentences are generally clear, well structured, focused, though some may be awkward or ineffective.

 

 

 

Language is satisfactory with some errors in grammar, lexical choice and punctuation, which do not seriously impede understanding and clarity.

 

Sentence structures are generally correct, but sentences may be wordy or repetitive.

 

 

 

Frequent errors in grammar, lexical choice and punctuation, which may impede understanding and clarity.

Contains several awkward or ungrammatical sentences. Sentence structure is simple or monotonous.

 

Very frequent errors in grammar, lexical choice and punctuation that seriously impair understanding and clarity.

Contains many awkward sentences. Displays general inability in writing grammatical/meaningful sentences.

 

Errors in grammar, lexical choice and punctuation are too frequent and severe, making it highly difficult to understand the message.

 

8

References

1.5

All the references are effectively used, correctly cited and correctly listed in the reference list according to APA style.

Most of the references are effectively used, correctly cited and correctly listed in the reference list according to APA style.

References are sometimes not effectively used, and/or correctly cited and/or correctly listed in the reference list according to APA style.

 

References are inappropriately/unclearly incorporated.

References are not incorporated or incorporated inappropriately.

6

Total

15

OUMH1203 ENGLISH FOR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

60

Pernicious anemia essay

Answer the following questions regarding pernicious anemia in a 2-pages Word document:

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What causes pernicious anemia?

What’s the pathophysiology associated with the body’s response to this disease process?

What are the technical terms that describe an anemia with high MCV and normal MCH? (aka. Macrocytic normochromic anemia)

Why should a Nurse Practitioner (NP) ask the patient about paresthesia and ataxia?

Why did the NP prescribe vitamin B12 by intramuscular injection rather than orally?

Pernicious anemia essay

Urinary tract infections Essay Discussion

Your discussion thread title should be the name of the disorder. If possible, you should choose a disorder that has not been chosen by a peer. You can complete your initial post using bullet points or a short answer.

In your initial post, discuss the following questions about your chosen disorder:

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Concept and Etiology: How does the disease affect the reproductive and urinary systems in particular? How does it deviate from the definition of health discussed in Module One?

Classification: How is the disease classified?

Clinical Manifestations (Symptoms and Signs): What are the symptoms and signs of the disease or disorder? Be sure you understand the difference between symptoms (subjective) and signs (objective).

Diagnostic Tests: What are some additional diagnostic tests that can be done to illuminate the diagnosis? For example, when you injure your ankle, they take an x-ray to determine if it is broken or sprained. Urinary tract infections Essay Discussion

Week 1: Basic Pharmacotherapeutic Concepts/Ethical and Legal Aspects of Prescribing

How do beta-blockers work? What exactly do antibiotics do to the bacteria they target? What effects does an anti-depressant have on blood flow?

Questions like these are related to the underlying pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes of pharmacotherapeutics. As an advanced practice nurse, understanding these fundamental pharmacotherapeutic concepts is important to ensure that the prescription drugs you recommend for your patients will be safe and effective to treat and/or manage their symptoms. Additionally, as the advanced practice nurse, it is your responsibility to ensure that when prescribing prescription drugs, you adhere to the ethical and legal principles set forth for prescribing drugs as an added layer of protection and safety for the patients you will treat. Week 1: Basic Pharmacotherapeutic Concepts/Ethical and Legal Aspects of Prescribing

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This week, you will analyze factors that may influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics processes of a patient and assess the details of a personalized plan of care that you develop based on influencing factors and patient history. You will also evaluate and analyze ethical and legal implications and practices related to prescribing drugs, including disclosure and nondisclosure, and analyze the process of writing prescriptions to avoid medication errors.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

Analyze factors that influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in patients

Assess patient factors and history to develop personalized plans of care

Evaluate ethical and legal implications related to prescribing drugs

Analyze ethical and legal practices of prescribing drugs. Week 1: Basic Pharmacotherapeutic Concepts/Ethical and Legal Aspects of Prescribing.

Analyze strategies to address disclosure and nondisclosure

Justify advanced practice nurse strategies to guide prescription drug decision-making

Analyze the process of writing prescriptions to avoid medication errors

Learning Resources

Required Readings
 (click to expand/reduce)

Required Media
 (click to expand/reduce)

Discussion: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

As an advanced practice nurse assisting physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders, it is important to not only understand the impact of disorders on the body, but also the impact of drug treatments on the body. The relationships between drugs and the body can be described by pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

Pharmacokinetics describes what the body does to the drug through absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, whereas pharmacodynamics describes what the drug does to the body.

Photo Credit: Getty Images/Ingram Publishing

When selecting drugs and determining dosages for patients, it is essential to consider individual patient factors that might impact the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. These patient factors include genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, behavior (i.e., diet, nutrition, smoking, alcohol, illicit drug abuse), and/or pathophysiological changes due to disease. Week 1: Basic Pharmacotherapeutic Concepts/Ethical and Legal Aspects of Prescribing

For this Discussion, you reflect on a case from your past clinical experiences and consider how a patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes may alter his or her response to a drug.

To Prepare

Review the Resources for this module and consider the principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

Reflect on your experiences, observations, and/or clinical practices from the last 5 years and think about how pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors altered his or her anticipated response to a drug.

Consider factors that might have influenced the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes, such as genetics (including pharmacogenetics), gender, ethnicity, age, behavior, and/or possible pathophysiological changes due to disease.

Think about a personalized plan of care based on these influencing factors and patient history in your case study.

By Day 3 of Week 1

Post
a description of the patient case from your experiences, observations, and/or clinical practice from the last 5 years. Then, describe factors that might have influenced pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes of the patient you identified. Finally, explain details of the personalized plan of care that you would develop based on influencing factors and patient history in your case. Be specific and provide examples. Week 1: Basic Pharmacotherapeutic Concepts/Ethical and Legal Aspects of Prescribing

By Day 6 of Week 1

Read
 a selection of your colleagues’ responses and 
respond
 to 
at least two
 of your colleagues on 
two different days
 by suggesting additional patient factors that might have interfered with the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes of the patients they described. In addition, suggest how the personalized plan of care might change if the age of the patient were different and/or if the patient had a comorbid condition, such as renal failure, heart failure, or liver failure.

Note:
 For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the “Post to Discussion Question” link, and then select “Create Thread” to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on Submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and you cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on 
Submit!

Submission and Grading Information

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 1 Discussion Rubric

Post by Day 3 of Week 1 and Respond by Day 6 of Week 1

To Participate in this Discussion:

Week 1 Discussion Week 1: Basic Pharmacotherapeutic Concepts/Ethical and Legal Aspects of Prescribing

Assignment: Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs

What type of drug should you prescribe based on your patient’s diagnosis? How much of the drug should the patient receive? How often should the drug be administered? When should the drug not be prescribed? Are there individual patient factors that could create complications when taking the drug? Should 
you
 be prescribing drugs to 
this 
patient? How might different state regulations affect the prescribing of this drug to this patient? Week 1: Basic Pharmacotherapeutic Concepts/Ethical and Legal Aspects of Prescribing

These are some of the questions you might consider when selecting a treatment plan for a patient.

Photo Credit: Getty Images/Caiaimage

As an advanced practice nurse prescribing drugs, you are held accountable for people’s lives every day. Patients and their families will often place trust in you because of your position. With this trust comes power and responsibility, as well as an ethical and legal obligation to “do no harm.” It is important that you are aware of current professional, legal, and ethical standards for advanced practice nurses with prescriptive authority. Additionally, it is important to ensure that the treatment plans and administration/prescribing of drugs is in accordance with the regulations of the state in which you practice. Week 1: Basic Pharmacotherapeutic Concepts/Ethical and Legal Aspects of Prescribing. Understanding how these regulations may affect the prescribing of certain drugs in different states may have a significant impact on your patient’s treatment plan. In this Assignment, you explore ethical and legal implications of scenarios and consider how to appropriately respond.

To Prepare

Review the Resources for this module and consider the legal and ethical implications of prescribing prescription drugs, disclosure, and nondisclosure.

Review the scenario assigned by your Instructor for this Assignment.

Search specific laws and standards for prescribing prescription drugs and for addressing medication errors for your state or region, and reflect on these as you review the scenario assigned by your Instructor.

Consider the ethical and legal implications of the scenario for all stakeholders involved, such as the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and patient’s family. Week 1: Basic Pharmacotherapeutic Concepts/Ethical and Legal Aspects of Prescribing

Think about two strategies that you, as an advanced practice nurse, would use to guide your ethically and legally responsible decision-making in this scenario, including whether you would disclose any medication errors.

By Day 7 of Week 1

Write a 2- to 3-page paper that addresses the following:

Explain the ethical and legal implications of the scenario you selected on all stakeholders involved, such as the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and patient’s family.

Describe strategies to address disclosure and nondisclosure as identified in the scenario you selected. Be sure to reference laws specific to your state.

Explain two strategies that you, as an advanced practice nurse, would use to guide your decision making in this scenario, including whether you would disclose your error. Be sure to justify your explanation. Week 1: Basic Pharmacotherapeutic Concepts/Ethical and Legal Aspects of Prescribing.

Explain the process of writing prescriptions, including strategies to minimize medication errors.

Reminder:
 The School of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The School of Nursing Writing Template with Instructions provided at the Walden Writing Center offers an example of those required elements (available at 
https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general#s-lg-box-20293632
). All papers submitted must use this formatting.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK1Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.

Click the 
Week 1 Assignment Rubric 
to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.

Click the 
Week 1 Assignment 
link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area. Week 1: Basic Pharmacotherapeutic Concepts/Ethical and Legal Aspects of Prescribing.

Next, from the Attach File area, click on the 
Browse My Computer
 button. Find the document you saved as “WK1Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click 
Open
.

If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for 
I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database
.

Click on the 
Submit
 button to complete your submission.

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 1 Assignment Rubric

Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity

To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:

Submit your Week 1 Assignment draft and review the originality report.

Submit Your Assignment by Day 7 of Week 1

To participate in this Assignment:

Week 1 Assignment

What’s Coming Up in Module 2?

Photo Credit: Getty Images/iStockphoto

In the next module,
you will examine the impact of changes in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes on patient drug therapy for cardiovascular disorders and the types of drugs prescribed to patients with respiratory disorders. Week 1: Basic Pharmacotherapeutic Concepts/Ethical and Legal Aspects of Prescribing

Looking Ahead: Week 2 Assignment

In Week 2, your Instructor will assign you a case study related to Assignment 1 by Day 1 of the week. Please make sure to review the “Course Announcements” area of the course to verify your assigned case study. Please plan ahead to ensure you have time to review your case study and Learning Resources in order to complete your Assignment on time.

Photo Credit: Getty Images/iStockphoto

Next Week

To go to the next week:

Module 2 Week 1: Basic Pharmacotherapeutic Concepts/Ethical and Legal Aspects of Prescribing

Assignment: Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs

What type of drug should you prescribe based on your patient’s diagnosis? How much of the drug should the patient receive? How often should the drug be administered? When should the drug not be prescribed? Are there individual patient factors that could create complications when taking the drug? Should 
you
 be prescribing drugs to 
this 
patient? How might different state regulations affect the prescribing of this drug to this patient?

BUY A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

These are some of the questions you might consider when selecting a treatment plan for a patient.

As an advanced practice nurse prescribing drugs, you are held accountable for people’s lives every day. Patients and their families will often place trust in you because of your position. With this trust comes power and responsibility, as well as an ethical and legal obligation to “do no harm.” It is important that you are aware of current professional, legal, and ethical standards for advanced practice nurses with prescriptive authority. Additionally, it is important to ensure that the treatment plans and administration/prescribing of drugs is in accordance with the regulations of the state in which you practice. Understanding how these regulations may affect the prescribing of certain drugs in different states may have a significant impact on your patient’s treatment plan. In this Assignment, you explore ethical and legal implications of scenarios and consider how to appropriately respond. Assignment: Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs

To Prepare

Review the Resources for this module and consider the legal and ethical implications of prescribing prescription drugs, disclosure, and nondisclosure.

Review the scenario assigned by your Instructor for this Assignment.

Search specific laws and standards for prescribing prescription drugs and for addressing medication errors for your state or region, and reflect on these as you review the scenario assigned by your Instructor.

Consider the ethical and legal implications of the scenario for all stakeholders involved, such as the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and patient’s family. Assignment: Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs

Think about two strategies that you, as an advanced practice nurse, would use to guide your ethically and legally responsible decision-making in this scenario, including whether you would disclose any medication errors.

By Day 7 of Week 1

Write a 2- to 3-page paper that addresses the following:

Explain the ethical and legal implications of the scenario you selected on all stakeholders involved, such as the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and patient’s family.

Describe strategies to address disclosure and nondisclosure as identified in the scenario you selected. Be sure to reference laws specific to your state. Assignment: Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs

Explain two strategies that you, as an advanced practice nurse, would use to guide your decision making in this scenario, including whether you would disclose your error. Be sure to justify your explanation.

Explain the process of writing prescriptions, including strategies to minimize medication errors.

Reminder:
 The School of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The School of Nursing Writing Template with Instructions provided at the Walden Writing Center offers an example of those required elements (available at 
https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general#s-lg-box-20293632
). All papers submitted must use this formatting.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK1Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.

Click the 
Week 1 Assignment Rubric 
to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.

Click the 
Week 1 Assignment 
link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area. Assignment: Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs

Next, from the Attach File area, click on the 
Browse My Computer
 button. Find the document you saved as “WK1Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click 
Open
.

If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for 
I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database
.

Click on the 
Submit
 button to complete your submission.

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 1 Assignment Rubric

Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity

To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:

Submit your Week 1 Assignment draft and review the originality report. Assignment: Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs

Submit Your Assignment by Day 7 of Week 1

To participate in this Assignment:

Week 1 Assignment

NURS_6521_Week1_Assignment_Rubric

Grid View

List View

Excellent

Good

Fair

Poor

Explain the ethical and legal implications of the scenario you selected on all stakeholders involved such as the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and the patient’s family.

23 
(23%)
 – 25 
(25%)

The response accurately and thoroughly explains in detail the ethical and legal implications of the scenario selected on all stakeholders involved.

The response includes accurate, clear, and detailed explanations as to how these implications affect the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and the patient’s family.

20 
(20%)
 – 22 
(22%)

The response explains the ethical and legal implications of the scenario selected on all stakeholders involved.

The response includes accurate explanations as to how these implications affect the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and the patient’s family. Assignment: Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs

18 
(18%)
 – 19 
(19%)

The response inaccurately or vaguely explains the ethical and legal implications of the scenario selected for all stakeholders involved.

The response includes vague explanations as to how these implications affect the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and the patient’s family.

0 
(0%)
 – 17 
(17%)

The response vaguely and inaccurately explains the ethical and legal implications of the scenario selected for all stakeholders involved, or the response is missing.

The response vaguely and inaccurately explains how these implications affect the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and the patient’s family, or is missing.

Describe strategies to address disclosure and nondisclosure as identified in the scenario selected. Be sure to reference laws specific to your state.

18 
(18%)
 – 20 
(20%)

An accurate, detailed, and clear description of strategies to address disclosure and nondisclosure as identified in the scenario selected is provided.

The response includes specific, detailed, and accurate reference to state laws related to the scenario.

16 
(16%)
 – 17 
(17%)

An accurate description of strategies to address disclosure and nondisclosure as identified in the scenario selected is provided.

The response includes accurate reference to state laws related to the scenario.

14 
(14%)
 – 15 
(15%)

A vague or inaccurate description of strategies to address disclosure and nondisclosure as identified in the scenario selected is provided.

Assignment: Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs

The response includes inaccurate or vague reference to state laws related to the scenario.

0 
(0%)
 – 13 
(13%)

A vague and inaccurate description of strategies to address disclosure and nondisclosure as identified in the scenario selected is provided, or is missing.

The response includes vague and inaccurate reference to state laws related to the scenario, or is missing.

Explain two strategies that you, as an advanced practice nurse would use to guide your decision making in this scenario, including whether you would disclose your error. Be sure to justify your explanation.

18 
(18%)
 – 20 
(20%)

The response accurately and thoroughly explains in detail at least two strategies that an advanced practice nurse would use to guide decision making in the scenario.

The response accurately and completely explains whether they would disclose the error, including an accurate, detailed, and clear justification for the explanation provided.

16 
(16%)
 – 17 
(17%)

The response accurately explains at least two strategies that an advanced practice nurse would use to guide decision making in the scenario.

The response accurately explains whether they would disclose the error, including an accurate justification for the explanation provided.

14 
(14%)
 – 15 
(15%)

The response inaccurately or vaguely explains at least two strategies that an advanced practice nurse would use to guide decision making in the scenario, or only explains one strategy.

The response inaccurately or vaguely explains whether they would disclose the error, including a justification that is vague, inaccurate, or misaligned to the explanation provided.

0 
(0%)
 – 13 
(13%)

The response inaccurately and vaguely explains only one strategy that an advanced practice nurse would use to guide decision making in the scenario, or is missing.

The response inaccurately and vaguely explains whether they would disclose the error, with no justification provided, or is missing.

Explain the process of writing prescriptions including strategies to minimize medication errors.

18 
(18%)
 – 20 
(20%)

The response provides an accurate, detailed, and thorough explanation of the process of writing prescriptions, including detailed strategies to minimize medication errors.

16 
(16%)
 – 17 
(17%)

The response provides an accurate explanation of the process of writing prescriptions, including some strategies to minimize medication errors.

14 
(14%)
 – 15 
(15%)

The response provides an inaccurate or vague explanation of the process of writing prescriptions, including inaccurate or vague strategies to minimize medication errors.

0 
(0%)
 – 13 
(13%)

The response provides an inaccurate and vague explanation of the process of writing prescriptions, including inaccurate and vague strategies to minimize medication errors, or is missing.

Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization:

Paragraphs make clear points that support well developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused–neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance.

5 
(5%)
 – 5 
(5%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.

Assignment: Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs

4 
(4%)
 – 4 
(4%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time.

3.5 
(3.5%)
 – 3.5 
(3.5%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%–79% of the time.

0 
(0%)
 – 3 
(3%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity less than 60% of the time.

Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards:

Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation

5 
(5%)
 – 5 
(5%)

Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors

4 
(4%)
 – 4 
(4%)

Contains a few (1–2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors

3.5 
(3.5%)
 – 3.5 
(3.5%)

Contains several (3–4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors

0 
(0%)
 – 3 
(3%)

Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding

Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running head, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list.

5 
(5%)
 – 5 
(5%)

Uses correct APA format with no errors

4 
(4%)
 – 4 
(4%)

Contains a few (1–2) APA format errors

3.5 
(3.5%)
 – 3.5 
(3.5%)

Contains several (3–4) APA format errors

0 
(0%)
 – 3 
(3%)

Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors

Assignment: Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs

Total Points: 100

Name: NURS_6521_Week1_Assignment_Rubric Assignment: Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs

Discussion: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

As an advanced practice nurse assisting physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders, it is important to not only understand the impact of disorders on the body, but also the impact of drug treatments on the body. The relationships between drugs and the body can be described by pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

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Pharmacokinetics describes what the body does to the drug through absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, whereas pharmacodynamics describes what the drug does to the body.

 

When selecting drugs and determining dosages for patients, it is essential to consider individual patient factors that might impact the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. These patient factors include genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, behavior (i.e., diet, nutrition, smoking, alcohol, illicit drug abuse), and/or pathophysiological changes due to disease. Discussion: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics/

For this Discussion, you reflect on a case from your past clinical experiences and consider how a patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes may alter his or her response to a drug.

To Prepare

Review the Resources for this module and consider the principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

Reflect on your experiences, observations, and/or clinical practices from the last 5 years and think about how pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors altered his or her anticipated response to a drug.

Consider factors that might have influenced the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes, such as genetics (including pharmacogenetics), gender, ethnicity, age, behavior, and/or possible pathophysiological changes due to disease.

Think about a personalized plan of care based on these influencing factors and patient history in your case study. Discussion: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

By Day 3 of Week 1

Post
 a description of the patient case from your experiences, observations, and/or clinical practice from the last 5 years. Then, describe factors that might have influenced pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes of the patient you identified. Finally, explain details of the personalized plan of care that you would develop based on influencing factors and patient history in your case. Be specific and provide examples.

By Day 6 of Week 1

Read
 a selection of your colleagues’ responses and 
respond
 to 
at least two
 of your colleagues on 
two different days
by suggesting additional patient factors that might have interfered with the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes of the patients they described. In addition, suggest how the personalized plan of care might change if the age of the patient were different and/or if the patient had a comorbid condition, such as renal failure, heart failure, or liver failure. Discussion: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Note:
 For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the “Post to Discussion Question” link, and then select “Create Thread” to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on Submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and you cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on 
Submit!

Submission and Grading Information

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 1 Discussion Rubric

Post by Day 3 of Week 1 and Respond by Day 6 of Week 1

To Participate in this Discussion:

Week 1 Discussion Discussion: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Middle-Aged White Male With Anxiety Decision Tree case study Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Middle-Aged White Male With Anxiety

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

The client is a 46-year-old white male who works as a welder at a local steel fabrication factory. He presents today after being referred by his PCP after a trip to the emergency room in which he felt he was having a heart attack. He stated that he felt chest tightness, shortness of breath, and feeling of impending doom. He does have some mild hypertension (which is treated with low sodium diet) and is about 15 lbs. overweight. He had his tonsils removed when he was 8 years old, but his medical history since that time has been unremarkable. Myocardial infarction was ruled out in the ER and his EKG was normal. Remainder of physical exam was WNL. Middle-Aged White Male With Anxiety Decision Tree case study Generalized Anxiety Disorder

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He admits that he still has problems with tightness in the chest and episodes of shortness of breath- he now terms these “anxiety attacks.” He will also report occasional feelings of impending doom, and the need to “run” or “escape” from wherever he is at.

In your office, he confesses to occasional use of ETOH to combat worries about work. He admits to consuming about 3-4 beers/night. Although he is single, he is attempting to care for aging parents in his home. He reports that the management at his place of employment is harsh, and he fears for his job. You administer the HAM-A, which yields a score of 26.

Client has never been on any type of psychotropic medication.

http://cdnfiles.laureate.net/2dett4d/Walden/NURS/6521/05/mm/decision_trees/week_05/index.html

MENTAL STATUS EXAM

The client is alert, oriented to person, place, time, and event. He is appropriately dressed. Speech is clear, coherent, and goal-directed. Client’s self-reported mood is “bleh” and he does endorse feeling “nervous”. Affect is somewhat blunted, but does brighten several times throughout the clinical interview. Affect broad. Client denies visual or auditory hallucinations, no overt delusional or paranoid thought processes readily apparent. Judgment is grossly intact, as is insight. He denies suicidal or homicidal ideation. Middle-Aged White Male With Anxiety Decision Tree case study Generalized Anxiety Disorder

You administers the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) which yields a score of 26.

Diagnosis: Generalized anxiety disorder

RESOURCES

§ Hamilton, M. (1959). Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Psyctests, doi:10.1037/t02824-0

Decision Point One

Select what you should do:

Begin Zoloft 50 mg po daily

Begin Imipramine 25 mg po BID

Begin Buspirone 10 mg po BID

Middle-Aged White Male With Anxiety Decision Tree case study Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Client of Korean Descent/Ancestry Bipolar Therapy Decision tree case study

Bipolar Therapy

Client of Korean Descent/Ancestry

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

The client is a 26-year-old woman of Korean descent who presents to her first appointment following a 21-day hospitalization for onset of acute mania. She was diagnosed with bipolar I disorder.

Upon arrival in your office, she is quite “busy,” playing with things on your desk and shifting from side to side in her chair. She informs you that “they said I was bipolar, I don’t believe that, do you? I just like to talk, and dance, and sing. Did I tell you that I liked to cook?” Client of Korean Descent/Ancestry Bipolar Therapy Decision tree case study

She weights 110 lbs. and is 5’ 5”

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SUBJECTIVE

Patient reports “fantastic” mood. Reports that she sleeps about 5 hours/night to which she adds “I hate sleep, it’s no fun.”

You reviewed her hospital records and find that she has been medically worked up by a physician who reported her to be in overall good health. Lab studies were all within normal limits. You find that the patient had genetic testing in the hospital (specifically GeneSight testing) as none of the medications that they were treating her with seemed to work.

Genetic testing reveals that she is positive for CYP2D6*10 allele.

Patient confesses that she stopped taking her lithium (which was prescribed in the hospital) since she was discharged two weeks ago. Client of Korean Descent/Ancestry Bipolar Therapy Decision tree case study

MENTAL STATUS EXAM

The patient is alert, oriented to person, place, time, and event. She is dressed quite oddly- wearing what appears to be an evening gown to her appointment. Speech is rapid, pressured, tangential. Self-reported mood is euthymic. Affect broad. Patient denies visual or auditory hallucinations, no overt delusional or paranoid thought processes readily apparent. Judgment is grossly intact, but insight is clearly impaired. She is currently denying suicidal or homicidal ideation.

The Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) score is 22

RESOURCES

§ Chen, R., Wang, H., Shi, J., Shen, K., & Hu, P. (2015). Cytochrome P450 2D6 genotype affects the pharmacokinetics of controlled-release paroxetine in healthy Chinese subjects: comparison of traditional phenotype and activity score systems. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 71(7), 835-841. doi:10.1007/s00228-015-1855-6

http://cdnfiles.laureate.net/2dett4d/Walden/NURS/6521/05/mm/decision_trees/week_04/index.html

Decision Point One 

Select what you should do:

Begin Lithium 300 mg orally BID

Begin Risperdal 1 mg orally BID

Begin Seroquel XR 100 mg orally at HS

Client of Korean Descent/Ancestry Bipolar Therapy Decision tree case study