Assignment Prompt & Instructions
**files (2)**
– ## assignment3..docx
– ## 9781284231250_SLID_CH03.pptx
**## assignment3..docx**
For this assignment you will develop your own personal health philosophy. Your
document must be a minimum of three pages (double-spaced). Use the
following to help guide you as you write it:
– What does it mean to be healthy?
– What are your health-related responsibilities and obligations to yourself?
– What are your health-related responsibilities and obligations to your community
or society?
– What do you expect your community and society to do to keep you healthy?
– What are your goals for yourself and the health education profession?
– How does community health education fit within these goals?
You must include:
– A philosophy from the textbook/PowerPoint on which you base your own
personal health philosophy. Provide the name of it and explain how/why it fits
with your own philosophy.
Cottrell, R. R., Girvan, J. T., Seabert, D. M., Spear, C., & McKenzie, J. F. (2023). Principles of health education and promotion (8th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
**## 9781284231250_SLID_CH03.pptx**
Philosophical Foundations
Chapter 3
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Chapter Objectives (1 of 3)
Define the terms philosophy, wellness, holistic, and symmetry, and identify common elements between them.
Discuss the importance of developing a personal life philosophy.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Chapter Objectives (2 of 3)
Identify how your personal and occupational philosophy overlap.
Create your personal philosophy of life and identify the influences on your philosophy.
Identify and explain the differences between the health education/promotion philosophies.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Chapter Objectives (3 of 3)
Explain how different health education/promotion philosophies would impact the delivery of health education/promotion.
Tell others your own philosophy of health education/promotion.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Introduction
The philosophy of a health education specialist can help guide their practice.
A well-considered philosophy provides the underpinnings that serve to bridge theory and practice.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
What Is a Philosophy? (1 of 2)
Philosophy: A statement summarizing the attitudes, principles, beliefs, values, and concepts held by an individual or a group.
Values, convictions, ideas, experiences, and attitudes are the building blocks (i.e., principles) of philosophy.
A person without a philosophy may well fall into the trap of thinking that opinion is the same as fact (i.e., reality).
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
What Is a Philosophy? (2 of 2)
Your actions are a reflection of your philosophy.
Philosophy reflects your values and beliefs, which determine your purpose for being (Bensley, 1993).
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
What Is My Philosophy? (1 of 3)
The answer to this question is both simple and complex.
A person’s philosophy helps form the basis of their reality.
Philosophies can change as result of new experiences, learnings, or insights.
A philosophy is usually congruent throughout all aspects of a person’s life.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
What Is My Philosophy? (2 of 3)
Sometimes health education specialists are called upon to educate those who hold different philosophies.
Primary responsibility is to protect the health of the public.
Health is not a moral issue.
Philosophical thought is important to the delivery of health education/promotion.
Philosophies can serve to guide time commitments a professional chooses to emphasize.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
What Is My Philosophy? (3 of 3)
Philosophies can serve to guide time commitments a professional chooses to emphasize.
Well-reasoned philosophy plays an important role in a career path.
Commitment to improved health.
Provides a service to others.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Principles and Philosophies Associated
with Health
Some philosophies can serve to create a framework to better understand the meaning of the term health.
Philosophy of symmetry: Health has physical, emotional, spiritual, and social components, each one as important as the other.
Holistic philosophy: The mind and body distinction disappears, yielding a whole unified being.
Wellness: Always a positive quality that enables a person to strive to reach an optimum state of health in all dimensions (i.e., spiritual, physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and environmental).
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
The Overlapping Dimensions of Wellness
Figure 3.2 The overlapping dimensions of wellness. Optimum health includes each of these
components.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Leading Philosophical Viewpoints (1 of 2)
“I view health education as an essential strategy in reaching the goal of equal access to health and social justice for all individuals and communities.” —David Birch (2020)
“I should facilitate an environment in which people acquire knowledge, skills, and tools to make positive behavioral changes in their lives. As part of this process, health education specialists need to incorporate the concepts of cultural competency and cultural humility.” —Raffy Luquis (2020)
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Leading Philosophical Viewpoints (2 of 2)
“Unexpected opportunities appear,” “mentorship,” “cooperation,” and “networking.” —Marian Hamburg (1993)
“Enabling of individuals to achieve a level of personal freedom.” —John Seffrin (1993)
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Developing a Philosophy (1 of 5)
Begin by constructing lists of your thoughts.
Consider the following:
Personal values and beliefs
What “health” means to you
Attributes of people you admire and trust
Results of health studies and readings that you find meaningful
Outcomes you would like to see from the process of health education/promotion
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Developing a Philosophy (2 of 5)
Next, examine your list and look for emerging themes.
Remember that the themes are likely to change as you gain experience and knowledge.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Developing a Philosophy (3 of 5)
Questions to consider when creating a Statement of Personal Health Philosophy*:
What does it mean to be healthy?
What are your health-related responsibilities and obligations to yourself?
What are your health-related responsibilities and obligations to your community or society?
What do you expect your community and society to do to keep you healthy?
*Dr. Julie Dietz, Eastern Illinois University
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Developing a Philosophy (4 of 5)
Questions to consider when creating a Statement of Professional Health Education and Promotion Philosophy*:
What is health education/health promotion, and what does it mean to be a professional in this field?
What are your goals for yourself and your profession?
What are your professional responsibilities to yourself, your community, and to your profession?
How does community health education fit within these goals?
*Dr. Julie Dietz, Eastern Illinois University
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Developing a Philosophy (5 of 5)
Final consideration in creating your philosophy: Is your philosophy statement consistent with being a health education specialist?
If “yes,” then for that person health education/promotion is a profession worthy of further consideration.
If “no,” why not? Is it possible that your philosophy will change?
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Predominant Health Education/Promotion Philosophies* (1 of 3)
Behavior change philosophy focuses on modifying unhealthy habits.
Cognitive-based philosophy focuses on the acquisition of content and factual information.
Decision-making philosophy emphasizes critical thinking and lifelong learning.
*Welle et al., (1995)
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Predominant Health Education/Promotion Philosophies* (2 of 3)
Freeing or functioning philosophy focuses on freeing people to make best health decision for them based on their needs and interests, not necessarily for society.
Social change philosophy emphasizes creating social, economic, and political change that benefits health of individuals and groups.
Eclectic health education/promotion philosophy focuses on an adapting a philosophical approach that is appropriate for setting.
*Welle et al., (1995)
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Predominant Health Education/Promotion Philosophies (3 of 3)
Buchanan (2006) felt that health education/promotion should not focus on changing behavior but rather on disseminating of factual information and facilitating rational choice.
Such a philosophy blends the cognitive-based, decision-making, and freeing or functioning philosophies
Governali et al. (2005) called for an integrated behavioral ecological philosophy so that health education specialists use the multidimensional nature of the interaction of the individual and the environment, in other words the eclectic philosophy model.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Impacting the Delivery of
Health Education/Promotion
Every single educational choice carries with it a philosophical principle or belief.
“Different settings may produce the need for different philosophies. Every health educator should be aware of which elements of their individual philosophies they are willing to compromise” (Welle et al., 1995).
An overriding goal of any health education/promotion intervention is the betterment of health for those involved.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Summary (1 of 3)
Philosophy means a statement summarizing the attitudes, principles, beliefs, and concepts held by an individual or a group.
Forming both a personal and an occupational philosophy requires reflection and the ability to identify the factors, principles, ideals, and influences that help shape your reality.
The decision to use any philosophy involves understanding and accepting the foundation that helped create the philosophy.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Summary (2 of 3)
A sound philosophical foundation serves as a guidepost for many of the major decisions in life.
Predominant philosophies of health education/promotion are behavior change, cognitive-based, decision-making, freeing or functioning, social change, and eclectic.
Health education specialists might disagree on which philosophy works best.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Summary (3 of 3)
One of the overriding goals of any health education/promotion intervention is the betterment of health.
All philosophical approaches share that goal; they simply differ in how to attain it.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
## image2.png
## image3.jpg
**## 9781284231250_SLID_CH03.pptx**
Philosophical Foundations
Chapter 3
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Chapter Objectives (1 of 3)
Define the terms philosophy, wellness, holistic, and symmetry, and identify common elements between them.
Discuss the importance of developing a personal life philosophy.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Chapter Objectives (2 of 3)
Identify how your personal and occupational philosophy overlap.
Create your personal philosophy of life and identify the influences on your philosophy.
Identify and explain the differences between the health education/promotion philosophies.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Chapter Objectives (3 of 3)
Explain how different health education/promotion philosophies would impact the delivery of health education/promotion.
Tell others your own philosophy of health education/promotion.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Introduction
The philosophy of a health education specialist can help guide their practice.
A well-considered philosophy provides the underpinnings that serve to bridge theory and practice.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
What Is a Philosophy? (1 of 2)
Philosophy: A statement summarizing the attitudes, principles, beliefs, values, and concepts held by an individual or a group.
Values, convictions, ideas, experiences, and attitudes are the building blocks (i.e., principles) of philosophy.
A person without a philosophy may well fall into the trap of thinking that opinion is the same as fact (i.e., reality).
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
What Is a Philosophy? (2 of 2)
Your actions are a reflection of your philosophy.
Philosophy reflects your values and beliefs, which determine your purpose for being (Bensley, 1993).
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
What Is My Philosophy? (1 of 3)
The answer to this question is both simple and complex.
A person’s philosophy helps form the basis of their reality.
Philosophies can change as result of new experiences, learnings, or insights.
A philosophy is usually congruent throughout all aspects of a person’s life.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
What Is My Philosophy? (2 of 3)
Sometimes health education specialists are called upon to educate those who hold different philosophies.
Primary responsibility is to protect the health of the public.
Health is not a moral issue.
Philosophical thought is important to the delivery of health education/promotion.
Philosophies can serve to guide time commitments a professional chooses to emphasize.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
What Is My Philosophy? (3 of 3)
Philosophies can serve to guide time commitments a professional chooses to emphasize.
Well-reasoned philosophy plays an important role in a career path.
Commitment to improved health.
Provides a service to others.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Principles and Philosophies Associated
with Health
Some philosophies can serve to create a framework to better understand the meaning of the term health.
Philosophy of symmetry: Health has physical, emotional, spiritual, and social components, each one as important as the other.
Holistic philosophy: The mind and body distinction disappears, yielding a whole unified being.
Wellness: Always a positive quality that enables a person to strive to reach an optimum state of health in all dimensions (i.e., spiritual, physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and environmental).
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
The Overlapping Dimensions of Wellness
Figure 3.2 The overlapping dimensions of wellness. Optimum health includes each of these
components.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Leading Philosophical Viewpoints (1 of 2)
“I view health education as an essential strategy in reaching the goal of equal access to health and social justice for all individuals and communities.” —David Birch (2020)
“I should facilitate an environment in which people acquire knowledge, skills, and tools to make positive behavioral changes in their lives. As part of this process, health education specialists need to incorporate the concepts of cultural competency and cultural humility.” —Raffy Luquis (2020)
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Leading Philosophical Viewpoints (2 of 2)
“Unexpected opportunities appear,” “mentorship,” “cooperation,” and “networking.” —Marian Hamburg (1993)
“Enabling of individuals to achieve a level of personal freedom.” —John Seffrin (1993)
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Developing a Philosophy (1 of 5)
Begin by constructing lists of your thoughts.
Consider the following:
Personal values and beliefs
What “health” means to you
Attributes of people you admire and trust
Results of health studies and readings that you find meaningful
Outcomes you would like to see from the process of health education/promotion
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Developing a Philosophy (2 of 5)
Next, examine your list and look for emerging themes.
Remember that the themes are likely to change as you gain experience and knowledge.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Developing a Philosophy (3 of 5)
Questions to consider when creating a Statement of Personal Health Philosophy*:
What does it mean to be healthy?
What are your health-related responsibilities and obligations to yourself?
What are your health-related responsibilities and obligations to your community or society?
What do you expect your community and society to do to keep you healthy?
*Dr. Julie Dietz, Eastern Illinois University
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Developing a Philosophy (4 of 5)
Questions to consider when creating a Statement of Professional Health Education and Promotion Philosophy*:
What is health education/health promotion, and what does it mean to be a professional in this field?
What are your goals for yourself and your profession?
What are your professional responsibilities to yourself, your community, and to your profession?
How does community health education fit within these goals?
*Dr. Julie Dietz, Eastern Illinois University
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Developing a Philosophy (5 of 5)
Final consideration in creating your philosophy: Is your philosophy statement consistent with being a health education specialist?
If “yes,” then for that person health education/promotion is a profession worthy of further consideration.
If “no,” why not? Is it possible that your philosophy will change?
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Predominant Health Education/Promotion Philosophies* (1 of 3)
Behavior change philosophy focuses on modifying unhealthy habits.
Cognitive-based philosophy focuses on the acquisition of content and factual information.
Decision-making philosophy emphasizes critical thinking and lifelong learning.
*Welle et al., (1995)
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Predominant Health Education/Promotion Philosophies* (2 of 3)
Freeing or functioning philosophy focuses on freeing people to make best health decision for them based on their needs and interests, not necessarily for society.
Social change philosophy emphasizes creating social, economic, and political change that benefits health of individuals and groups.
Eclectic health education/promotion philosophy focuses on an adapting a philosophical approach that is appropriate for setting.
*Welle et al., (1995)
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Predominant Health Education/Promotion Philosophies (3 of 3)
Buchanan (2006) felt that health education/promotion should not focus on changing behavior but rather on disseminating of factual information and facilitating rational choice.
Such a philosophy blends the cognitive-based, decision-making, and freeing or functioning philosophies
Governali et al. (2005) called for an integrated behavioral ecological philosophy so that health education specialists use the multidimensional nature of the interaction of the individual and the environment, in other words the eclectic philosophy model.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Impacting the Delivery of
Health Education/Promotion
Every single educational choice carries with it a philosophical principle or belief.
“Different settings may produce the need for different philosophies. Every health educator should be aware of which elements of their individual philosophies they are willing to compromise” (Welle et al., 1995).
An overriding goal of any health education/promotion intervention is the betterment of health for those involved.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Summary (1 of 3)
Philosophy means a statement summarizing the attitudes, principles, beliefs, and concepts held by an individual or a group.
Forming both a personal and an occupational philosophy requires reflection and the ability to identify the factors, principles, ideals, and influences that help shape your reality.
The decision to use any philosophy involves understanding and accepting the foundation that helped create the philosophy.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Summary (2 of 3)
A sound philosophical foundation serves as a guidepost for many of the major decisions in life.
Predominant philosophies of health education/promotion are behavior change, cognitive-based, decision-making, freeing or functioning, social change, and eclectic.
Health education specialists might disagree on which philosophy works best.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Summary (3 of 3)
One of the overriding goals of any health education/promotion intervention is the betterment of health.
All philosophical approaches share that goal; they simply differ in how to attain it.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
## image2.png
## image3.jpg
**## assignment3..docx**
For this assignment you will develop your own personal health philosophy. Your
document must be a minimum of three pages (double-spaced). Use the
following to help guide you as you write it:
– What does it mean to be healthy?
– What are your health-related responsibilities and obligations to yourself?
– What are your health-related responsibilities and obligations to your community
or society?
– What do you expect your community and society to do to keep you healthy?
– What are your goals for yourself and the health education profession?
– How does community health education fit within these goals?
You must include:
– A philosophy from the textbook/PowerPoint on which you base your own
personal health philosophy. Provide the name of it and explain how/why it fits
with your own philosophy.
Cottrell, R. R., Girvan, J. T., Seabert, D. M., Spear, C., & McKenzie, J. F. (2023). Principles of health education and promotion (8th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
**## 9781284231250_SLID_CH03.pptx**
Philosophical Foundations
Chapter 3
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Chapter Objectives (1 of 3)
Define the terms philosophy, wellness, holistic, and symmetry, and identify common elements between them.
Discuss the importance of developing a personal life philosophy.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Chapter Objectives (2 of 3)
Identify how your personal and occupational philosophy overlap.
Create your personal philosophy of life and identify the influences on your philosophy.
Identify and explain the differences between the health education/promotion philosophies.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Chapter Objectives (3 of 3)
Explain how different health education/promotion philosophies would impact the delivery of health education/promotion.
Tell others your own philosophy of health education/promotion.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Introduction
The philosophy of a health education specialist can help guide their practice.
A well-considered philosophy provides the underpinnings that serve to bridge theory and practice.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
What Is a Philosophy? (1 of 2)
Philosophy: A statement summarizing the attitudes, principles, beliefs, values, and concepts held by an individual or a group.
Values, convictions, ideas, experiences, and attitudes are the building blocks (i.e., principles) of philosophy.
A person without a philosophy may well fall into the trap of thinking that opinion is the same as fact (i.e., reality).
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
What Is a Philosophy? (2 of 2)
Your actions are a reflection of your philosophy.
Philosophy reflects your values and beliefs, which determine your purpose for being (Bensley, 1993).
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
What Is My Philosophy? (1 of 3)
The answer to this question is both simple and complex.
A person’s philosophy helps form the basis of their reality.
Philosophies can change as result of new experiences, learnings, or insights.
A philosophy is usually congruent throughout all aspects of a person’s life.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
What Is My Philosophy? (2 of 3)
Sometimes health education specialists are called upon to educate those who hold different philosophies.
Primary responsibility is to protect the health of the public.
Health is not a moral issue.
Philosophical thought is important to the delivery of health education/promotion.
Philosophies can serve to guide time commitments a professional chooses to emphasize.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
What Is My Philosophy? (3 of 3)
Philosophies can serve to guide time commitments a professional chooses to emphasize.
Well-reasoned philosophy plays an important role in a career path.
Commitment to improved health.
Provides a service to others.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Principles and Philosophies Associated
with Health
Some philosophies can serve to create a framework to better understand the meaning of the term health.
Philosophy of symmetry: Health has physical, emotional, spiritual, and social components, each one as important as the other.
Holistic philosophy: The mind and body distinction disappears, yielding a whole unified being.
Wellness: Always a positive quality that enables a person to strive to reach an optimum state of health in all dimensions (i.e., spiritual, physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and environmental).
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
The Overlapping Dimensions of Wellness
Figure 3.2 The overlapping dimensions of wellness. Optimum health includes each of these
components.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Leading Philosophical Viewpoints (1 of 2)
“I view health education as an essential strategy in reaching the goal of equal access to health and social justice for all individuals and communities.” —David Birch (2020)
“I should facilitate an environment in which people acquire knowledge, skills, and tools to make positive behavioral changes in their lives. As part of this process, health education specialists need to incorporate the concepts of cultural competency and cultural humility.” —Raffy Luquis (2020)
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Leading Philosophical Viewpoints (2 of 2)
“Unexpected opportunities appear,” “mentorship,” “cooperation,” and “networking.” —Marian Hamburg (1993)
“Enabling of individuals to achieve a level of personal freedom.” —John Seffrin (1993)
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Developing a Philosophy (1 of 5)
Begin by constructing lists of your thoughts.
Consider the following:
Personal values and beliefs
What “health” means to you
Attributes of people you admire and trust
Results of health studies and readings that you find meaningful
Outcomes you would like to see from the process of health education/promotion
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Developing a Philosophy (2 of 5)
Next, examine your list and look for emerging themes.
Remember that the themes are likely to change as you gain experience and knowledge.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Developing a Philosophy (3 of 5)
Questions to consider when creating a Statement of Personal Health Philosophy*:
What does it mean to be healthy?
What are your health-related responsibilities and obligations to yourself?
What are your health-related responsibilities and obligations to your community or society?
What do you expect your community and society to do to keep you healthy?
*Dr. Julie Dietz, Eastern Illinois University
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Developing a Philosophy (4 of 5)
Questions to consider when creating a Statement of Professional Health Education and Promotion Philosophy*:
What is health education/health promotion, and what does it mean to be a professional in this field?
What are your goals for yourself and your profession?
What are your professional responsibilities to yourself, your community, and to your profession?
How does community health education fit within these goals?
*Dr. Julie Dietz, Eastern Illinois University
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Developing a Philosophy (5 of 5)
Final consideration in creating your philosophy: Is your philosophy statement consistent with being a health education specialist?
If “yes,” then for that person health education/promotion is a profession worthy of further consideration.
If “no,” why not? Is it possible that your philosophy will change?
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Predominant Health Education/Promotion Philosophies* (1 of 3)
Behavior change philosophy focuses on modifying unhealthy habits.
Cognitive-based philosophy focuses on the acquisition of content and factual information.
Decision-making philosophy emphasizes critical thinking and lifelong learning.
*Welle et al., (1995)
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Predominant Health Education/Promotion Philosophies* (2 of 3)
Freeing or functioning philosophy focuses on freeing people to make best health decision for them based on their needs and interests, not necessarily for society.
Social change philosophy emphasizes creating social, economic, and political change that benefits health of individuals and groups.
Eclectic health education/promotion philosophy focuses on an adapting a philosophical approach that is appropriate for setting.
*Welle et al., (1995)
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Predominant Health Education/Promotion Philosophies (3 of 3)
Buchanan (2006) felt that health education/promotion should not focus on changing behavior but rather on disseminating of factual information and facilitating rational choice.
Such a philosophy blends the cognitive-based, decision-making, and freeing or functioning philosophies
Governali et al. (2005) called for an integrated behavioral ecological philosophy so that health education specialists use the multidimensional nature of the interaction of the individual and the environment, in other words the eclectic philosophy model.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Impacting the Delivery of
Health Education/Promotion
Every single educational choice carries with it a philosophical principle or belief.
“Different settings may produce the need for different philosophies. Every health educator should be aware of which elements of their individual philosophies they are willing to compromise” (Welle et al., 1995).
An overriding goal of any health education/promotion intervention is the betterment of health for those involved.
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Summary (1 of 3)
Philosophy means a statement summarizing the attitudes, principles, beliefs, and concepts held by an individual or a group.
Forming both a personal and an occupational philosophy requires reflection and the ability to identify the factors, principles, ideals, and influences that help shape your reality.
The decision to use any philosophy involves understanding and accepting the foundation that helped create the philosophy.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Summary (2 of 3)
A sound philosophical foundation serves as a guidepost for many of the major decisions in life.
Predominant philosophies of health education/promotion are behavior change, cognitive-based, decision-making, freeing or functioning, social change, and eclectic.
Health education specialists might disagree on which philosophy works best.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Summary (3 of 3)
One of the overriding goals of any health education/promotion intervention is the betterment of health.
All philosophical approaches share that goal; they simply differ in how to attain it.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
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**## assignment3..docx**
For this assignment you will develop your own personal health philosophy. Your
document must be a minimum of three pages (double-spaced). Use the
following to help guide you as you write it:
– What does it mean to be healthy?
– What are your health-related responsibilities and obligations to yourself?
– What are your health-related responsibilities and obligations to your community
or society?
– What do you expect your community and society to do to keep you healthy?
– What are your goals for yourself and the health education profession?
– How does community health education fit within these goals?
You must include:
– A philosophy from the textbook/PowerPoint on which you base your own
personal health philosophy. Provide the name of it and explain how/why it fits
with your own philosophy.
Cottrell, R. R., Girvan, J. T., Seabert, D. M., Spear, C., & McKenzie, J. F. (2023). Principles of health education and promotion (8th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
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Philosophical Foundations
Chapter 3
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Chapter Objectives (1 of 3)
Define the terms philosophy, wellness, holistic, and symmetry, and identify common elements between them.
Discuss the importance of developing a personal life philosophy.
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Chapter Objectives (2 of 3)
Identify how your personal and occupational philosophy overlap.
Create your personal philosophy of life and identify the influences on your philosophy.
Identify and explain the differences between the health education/promotion philosophies.
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Chapter Objectives (3 of 3)
Explain how different health education/promotion philosophies would impact the delivery of health education/promotion.
Tell others your own philosophy of health education/promotion.
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Introduction
The philosophy of a health education specialist can help guide their practice.
A well-considered philosophy provides the underpinnings that serve to bridge theory and practice.
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What Is a Philosophy? (1 of 2)
Philosophy: A statement summarizing the attitudes, principles, beliefs, values, and concepts held by an individual or a group.
Values, convictions, ideas, experiences, and attitudes are the building blocks (i.e., principles) of philosophy.
A person without a philosophy may well fall into the trap of thinking that opinion is the same as fact (i.e., reality).
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What Is a Philosophy? (2 of 2)
Your actions are a reflection of your philosophy.
Philosophy reflects your values and beliefs, which determine your purpose for being (Bensley, 1993).
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What Is My Philosophy? (1 of 3)
The answer to this question is both simple and complex.
A person’s philosophy helps form the basis of their reality.
Philosophies can change as result of new experiences, learnings, or insights.
A philosophy is usually congruent throughout all aspects of a person’s life.
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What Is My Philosophy? (2 of 3)
Sometimes health education specialists are called upon to educate those who hold different philosophies.
Primary responsibility is to protect the health of the public.
Health is not a moral issue.
Philosophical thought is important to the delivery of health education/promotion.
Philosophies can serve to guide time commitments a professional chooses to emphasize.
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What Is My Philosophy? (3 of 3)
Philosophies can serve to guide time commitments a professional chooses to emphasize.
Well-reasoned philosophy plays an important role in a career path.
Commitment to improved health.
Provides a service to others.
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Principles and Philosophies Associated
with Health
Some philosophies can serve to create a framework to better understand the meaning of the term health.
Philosophy of symmetry: Health has physical, emotional, spiritual, and social components, each one as important as the other.
Holistic philosophy: The mind and body distinction disappears, yielding a whole unified being.
Wellness: Always a positive quality that enables a person to strive to reach an optimum state of health in all dimensions (i.e., spiritual, physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and environmental).
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The Overlapping Dimensions of Wellness
Figure 3.2 The overlapping dimensions of wellness. Optimum health includes each of these
components.
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Leading Philosophical Viewpoints (1 of 2)
“I view health education as an essential strategy in reaching the goal of equal access to health and social justice for all individuals and communities.” —David Birch (2020)
“I should facilitate an environment in which people acquire knowledge, skills, and tools to make positive behavioral changes in their lives. As part of this process, health education specialists need to incorporate the concepts of cultural competency and cultural humility.” —Raffy Luquis (2020)
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Leading Philosophical Viewpoints (2 of 2)
“Unexpected opportunities appear,” “mentorship,” “cooperation,” and “networking.” —Marian Hamburg (1993)
“Enabling of individuals to achieve a level of personal freedom.” —John Seffrin (1993)
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Developing a Philosophy (1 of 5)
Begin by constructing lists of your thoughts.
Consider the following:
Personal values and beliefs
What “health” means to you
Attributes of people you admire and trust
Results of health studies and readings that you find meaningful
Outcomes you would like to see from the process of health education/promotion
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Developing a Philosophy (2 of 5)
Next, examine your list and look for emerging themes.
Remember that the themes are likely to change as you gain experience and knowledge.
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Developing a Philosophy (3 of 5)
Questions to consider when creating a Statement of Personal Health Philosophy*:
What does it mean to be healthy?
What are your health-related responsibilities and obligations to yourself?
What are your health-related responsibilities and obligations to your community or society?
What do you expect your community and society to do to keep you healthy?
*Dr. Julie Dietz, Eastern Illinois University
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Developing a Philosophy (4 of 5)
Questions to consider when creating a Statement of Professional Health Education and Promotion Philosophy*:
What is health education/health promotion, and what does it mean to be a professional in this field?
What are your goals for yourself and your profession?
What are your professional responsibilities to yourself, your community, and to your profession?
How does community health education fit within these goals?
*Dr. Julie Dietz, Eastern Illinois University
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Developing a Philosophy (5 of 5)
Final consideration in creating your philosophy: Is your philosophy statement consistent with being a health education specialist?
If “yes,” then for that person health education/promotion is a profession worthy of further consideration.
If “no,” why not? Is it possible that your philosophy will change?
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Predominant Health Education/Promotion Philosophies* (1 of 3)
Behavior change philosophy focuses on modifying unhealthy habits.
Cognitive-based philosophy focuses on the acquisition of content and factual information.
Decision-making philosophy emphasizes critical thinking and lifelong learning.
*Welle et al., (1995)
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Predominant Health Education/Promotion Philosophies* (2 of 3)
Freeing or functioning philosophy focuses on freeing people to make best health decision for them based on their needs and interests, not necessarily for society.
Social change philosophy emphasizes creating social, economic, and political change that benefits health of individuals and groups.
Eclectic health education/promotion philosophy focuses on an adapting a philosophical approach that is appropriate for setting.
*Welle et al., (1995)
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Predominant Health Education/Promotion Philosophies (3 of 3)
Buchanan (2006) felt that health education/promotion should not focus on changing behavior but rather on disseminating of factual information and facilitating rational choice.
Such a philosophy blends the cognitive-based, decision-making, and freeing or functioning philosophies
Governali et al. (2005) called for an integrated behavioral ecological philosophy so that health education specialists use the multidimensional nature of the interaction of the individual and the environment, in other words the eclectic philosophy model.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Impacting the Delivery of
Health Education/Promotion
Every single educational choice carries with it a philosophical principle or belief.
“Different settings may produce the need for different philosophies. Every health educator should be aware of which elements of their individual philosophies they are willing to compromise” (Welle et al., 1995).
An overriding goal of any health education/promotion intervention is the betterment of health for those involved.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Summary (1 of 3)
Philosophy means a statement summarizing the attitudes, principles, beliefs, and concepts held by an individual or a group.
Forming both a personal and an occupational philosophy requires reflection and the ability to identify the factors, principles, ideals, and influences that help shape your reality.
The decision to use any philosophy involves understanding and accepting the foundation that helped create the philosophy.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Summary (2 of 3)
A sound philosophical foundation serves as a guidepost for many of the major decisions in life.
Predominant philosophies of health education/promotion are behavior change, cognitive-based, decision-making, freeing or functioning, social change, and eclectic.
Health education specialists might disagree on which philosophy works best.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Summary (3 of 3)
One of the overriding goals of any health education/promotion intervention is the betterment of health.
All philosophical approaches share that goal; they simply differ in how to attain it.
Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
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